Antennas for GSM System

Contents

Base station antenna specification and meanings Antenna types and trends

(Technical Data)

Blah blah blah bl ah

Electrical properties
Operation Frequency Band Input impedance VSWR Polarization Gain Radiation Pattern Horizontal/Vertical beamwidth Downtilt Front/back ratio Sidelobe suppression and null filling Power capability 3rd order Intermodulation Insulation(

Mechanical properties
Size Weight Radome material Appearance and color Working temperature Storage termperature Windload Connector types Package Size Lightening

Electrical properties

 Dipoles
Wavelength 1/4 Wavelength 1/2 Wavelength 1/4 Wavelength 1/2 Wavelength Dipole

1800MHz 166mm 900MHz 333mm

1 dipole
(received power)1mW

Multiple dipole matrix

Received power4 mW

GAIN= 10log(4mW/1mW) = 6dBd

Antenna
(Overlook

Omnidirectional array Received power1mW

Sector antenna Received power8mW

Gain=10log(8mW/1mW) = 9dBi

Frequency Range

GSM 900 : 890-960MHz GSM 1800 : 1710-1880MHz GSM dual band : 890-960MHz & 1710-1880MHz eg.824-960MHz1710-1900MHz

Optimum 1/2 wavelength for dipole at 925MHz

at 890 MHz

at 960 MHz Antenna Dipole

BANDWIDTH = 960 - 890 = 70MHz

 Impedance

50
Antenna Cable 50 ohms 50 ohms

VSWR
Forward: 10W

50 ohms
Backward: 0.5W

80 ohms

9.5 W

Return Loss 10log(10/0.5) = 13dB

VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio)

VSWR1.5 =(VSWR-1)/(VSWR+1) RL=-20lg

Polarization

Vertical

Horizontal

+ 45degree slant

- 45degree slant

V/H (Vertical/Horizontal)

Slant (+/- 45)

Linear,vertical 45dual linear 45 slant

dBd and dBi

Ideal radiating dot source (lossless radiator)

2.15dB

eg: Dipole

0dBd = 2.15dBi

 1 From 0dBi to 20dBi used in locale

2 3

0-8 dbi used

indoor

The OMNI antenna is from 9 to 12dbi,the sectoring antenna used often the gain is from 15.5dbi to

18.5dbi 4 The antenna Gain more than 20dbi only used for the road.

Pattern

Beamwidth
3dB Beamwidth Peak - 3dB 120 (eg) 10dB Beamwidth Peak - 10dB Peak Peak - 10dB

60 (eg)

Peak Peak - 3dB

3dB 3dB Beam width Horizontal

Sectoring antenna30/65/90/105/120omni_antenna 360

3dB 3dB Beam width Vertical

sectoring antenna omni antenna

Downtilt
No tilt Mechanical down tilt Electrical down tilt

The theory of electrical down tilt

No downtilt

Electrical down tilt

Mechanical down tilt

Electrical down tilt and mechanical down tilt

Front to Back Ratio

Ratio of maximum mainlobe to maximum sidelobe

Back power F/B = 10 log(FP/BP) typically 25dB

Front power

 Upper Side lobes Suppression & Null Fill

 Sidelobes
Upper sidelobe suppression (dB)

Lower sidelobe suppression (dB)

Antenna

1/2 Clamp

7/16 Din Connector

1/2 Jumper Tower Top Amplifier 7/8 Cable 7/8 Cable Grounding Machine house 1/2 Jumper EMP Grounding clip

Grounding bar
Cabinet

THANKS