Academic Excellence Workshop ☻ Chemistry I ☻ September 28th ☻ Answer set 2

1. True or False: Neutral copper is diamagnetic.

2. True or False: An atom with unpaired electrons is paramagnetic.
3. True or False: The effective nuclear charge is the number of protons – electrons
4. True or False: The number of angular nodes is equal to the quantum number (l).
5. True or False: If a proton and an electron have the same velocity, the DeBroglie Wavelength of
the electron is larger.
6. True or False: Effective nuclear charge is the most important reason that sodium atom is larger
than a lithium atom.
7. True or False: A 5p orbital has fewer radial nodes than does a 4p orbital.
8. True or False: A 5f orbital has fewer angular nodes than does a 5p orbital.
9. What wavelength of light is emitted when an electron on a hydrogen atom going from energy
level 4 to 1?
Useful information
Rydberg Constant = 1.097x107 m-1
1/ = RH(1/n12-1/n22)
(a) 10 Mm
(b) 97 m
(c) 102 nm
(d) 87 nm
(e) None of the above
97 nm
10. Sketch shapes of s, p, and d orbitals and indicate where the angular nodes are for each one.

11. X-rays with a wavelength of 1.54 x 10-10 m are produced when a copper metal target is
bombarded with high energy electrons that have been accelerated by a voltage difference of
30,000 V. The kinetic energy of the electrons equals the product of the voltage difference and
the electronic charge in coulombs, where 1 volt-coulomb = 1 J. The mass of an electron is 9.11 x
10-31 kg and the charge on one electron is 1.602 x 10-19 C. What is the wavelength (in meters) of
one of the high energy electrons? How quickly is one of these electrons moving?

Hint: Kinetic energy = (1/2 mv2)

Eelectronic = 30,000V (1.602x10-19C) = 4.81x10-15J

 (from text, 1 volt-coulomb = 1 J)
Ekinetic = 1/2mv2 = ½ (9.11x10-31kg) (v2) = 4.81 x 10-15 J
Ekinetics = Eelectronic
v=1.03x108 m/s
Debroglie Equation
= h/mv
𝟔. 𝟔𝟐𝟔𝒙𝟏𝟎−𝟑𝟒 𝑱 𝒔
𝝀= = 𝟕. 𝟎𝟖𝒙𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟐 𝒎 = 𝟕. 𝟖𝟎𝟐 𝒑𝒎
−𝟑𝟏 𝟏. 𝟎𝟐𝟕𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟖 𝒎
𝟗. 𝟏𝟏𝒙𝟏𝟎 𝒌𝒈
𝒔

12.
a. Using the Slater rules, determine the effective nuclear charge on a valence electron of
elemental sulfur.
S = 1s22s22p63s23p4
n=3
6 electrons in n=3
8 electrons in n = 2
2 electrons in n=1
Zeff= Z-S
Z=total protons = 16
Zeff= 16 – 1.00(2) – 0.85 (8) – 0.35(5)
Zeff=5.45

b. How does this compare to the effective nuclear charge on a valence electron of sulfide (S-2)?

S-2 has 2 extra electrons in the outermost energy shell (Z=16, S=-7.25)

Zeff = 16 – 1.00(2) – 0.85(8) – 0.35(7)

Zeff = 4.75
The effective charge on the valence electron of sulfide is smaller than that of S because it has
more electron shielding it from the nucleus

c. How does Zeff of S-2 compare to the effective nuclear charge on a valence electron of
elemental Neon?

Zeff is larger on Neon because there are more protons in the nucleus. (Z=18, S = -7.25)

Zeff=6.75

13. Which of the following has exactly four valence electrons?

(a) Al
(b) Ca+2
(c) S-2
(d) Cr
 (e) None of the above
14. Which of the following has the largest first ionization energy?
(a) Mg
(b) B
(c) Se
(d) Cl
(e) F
15. Which of the following is the largest atom?
(a) Rb
(b) Rb+
(c) Sr+2
(d) Br-
(e) All the same
16. Which of the following is the smallest atom?
(a) Rb
(b) Rb+
(c) Sr+2
(d) Br-
(e) All the same
17. Hypothetical Universe question: if quantum legal numbers were changed so that l = 0, 1, … n
instead of the typically upper limit l = 0, 1, 2 … n-1, how many unpaired electrons would be in
sulfur?
(a) 2
(b) 1
(c) 4
(d) 6
(e) None of the above
1s21p62s22p6