Sofia S. Ferre GPE2 Title of the Case: PHILCO S!T "S. !LC#!$ Case %o.: &'( SC)!

2&'* G.). %O.'+'&' Date of Prom,lgation: DECE -E) &'. &/'/

School Legislation Dr. Jose Domingo

Facts of the Case: -0 1irt,e of )e2,3lic !ct 44&+. the Phili22ine Comm,nications Satellite Cor2oration 5PHILCO S!T6 7as grante8 9a franchise to esta3lish. constr,ct. maintain an8 o2erate in the Phili22ines. at s,ch 2laces as the grantee ma0 select. station or stations an8 associate8 e:,i2ment an8 facilities for international satellite comm,nications.; the a,thorit0 to 9constr,ct an8 o2erate s,ch gro,n8 facilities as nee8e8 to 8eli1er telecomm,nications ser1ices from the comm,nications satellite s0stem an8 gro,n8 terminal or terminals.; -0 8esignation of the )e2,3lic of the Phili22ines. it is also the sole signator0 for the Phili22ines in the !greement an8 the O2erating !greement relating to the International Telecomm,nications Satellite Organi<ation 5I%TELS!T6. as 7ell as in the Con1ention an8 the O2erating !greement of the International aritime Satellite Organi<ation 5I% !)S!T6. 7hich t7o glo3al commercial telecomm,nications satellite cor2orations 7ere collecti1el0 esta3lishe8 30 1ario,s states in line 7ith the 2rinci2les set forth in )esol,tion &=2& 5>"I6 of the #nite8 %ations?s General !ssem3l0. Since &/@'. It has 3een leasing its satellite circ,its to PLDT. Phili22ine Glo3al Comm,nications. Eastern Telecom. Glo3e acAa0 Ca3le an8 )a8io Cor2. ITT. an8 Ca2itol Bireless or their 2re8ecessorsCinCinterest. The satellite ser1ices th,s 2ro1i8e8 30 PHILCO S!T ena3le sai8 international carriers to ser1e the 2,3lic 7ith in8is2ensa3le comm,nication ser1ices. s,ch as o1erseas tele2hone. teleD. facsimile. telegrams. high s2ee8 8ata. li1e tele1ision in f,ll color. an8 tele1ision stan8ar8 con1ersion from E,ro2ean to !merican or 1ice 1ersa. It 7as eDem2t from the E,ris8iction of the then P,3lic Ser1ice Commission. no7 %ational Telecomm,nications Commission 5%TC6. Ho7e1er. 2,rs,ant to EDec,ti1e Or8er 5EO6 &/@ iss,e8 on &= J,ne &/'=. it 7as 2lace8 ,n8er the E,ris8iction. control an8 reg,lation of %TC. incl,8ing all its facilities an8 ser1ices an8 the fiDing of rates. Im2lementing sai8 eDec,ti1e or8er. %TC re:,ire8 PHILCO S!T to a22l0 for the re:,isite certificate of 2,3lic con1enience an8 necessit0 co1ering its facilities an8 the ser1ices it ren8ers. as 7ell as the corres2on8ing a,thorit0 to charge rates therefor. On / Se2tem3er &/'=. PHILCO S!T file8 7ith %TC an a22lication for a,thorit0 to contin,e o2erating an8 maintaining the same facilities it has 3een contin,o,sl0 o2erating an8 maintaining since &/@=. to contin,e 2ro1i8ing the international satellite comm,nications ser1ices it has liAe7ise 3een 2ro1i8ing since &/@=. an8 to charge the c,rrent rates a22lie8 for in ren8ering s,ch ser1ices. Pen8ing hearing. it also a22lie8 for a 2ro1isional a,thorit0 so that it can contin,e to o2erate an8 maintain the facilities. 2ro1i8e the ser1ices an8 charge therefor the aforesai8 rates therein a22lie8 for. On &@ Se2tem3er &/'=. PHILCO S!T 7as grante8 a 2ro1isional a,thorit0 to contin,e o2erating its eDisting facilities. to ren8er the ser1ices it 7as then offering. an8 to charge the rates it 7as then charging. This a,thorit0 7as 1ali8 for @ months from the 8ate of sai8 or8er. Bhen sai8 2ro1isional a,thorit0 eD2ire8 on &= arch &/''. it 7as eDten8e8 for another @ months. or ,2 to &@ Se2tem3er &/''. Thereafter. the %TC f,rther eDten8e8 the 2ro1isional a,thorit0 of PHILCO S!T for another @ months. co,nte8 from &@ Se2tem3er &/''. 3,t it 8irecte8 PHILCO S!T to charge mo8ifie8 re8,ce8 rates thro,gh a re8,ction of &4F on the 2resent a,thori<e8 rates. PHILCO S!T assaile8 sai8 or8er.

Issue: Is the %TC is not re:,ire8 to 2ro1i8e notice an8 hearing to PHILCO S!T in its rateC fiDing or8er. 7hich fiDe8 a tem2orar0 rate 2en8ing final 8etermination of PHILCO S!T?s a22lication. Held: The %TC. in the eDercise of its rateCfiDing 2o7er. is limite8 30 the re:,irements of 2,3lic safet0. 2,3lic interest. reasona3le feasi3ilit0 an8 reasona3le rates. 7hich conEointl0 more than satisf0 the re:,irements of a 1ali8 8elegation of legislati1e 2o7er. The %TC or8er 1iolates 2roce8,ral 8,e 2rocess 3eca,se it 7as iss,e8 mot, 2ro2rio. 7itho,t notice to PHILCO S!T an8 7itho,t the 3enefit of a hearing. Sai8 or8er 7as 3ase8 merel0 on an 9initial e1al,ation.; 7hich is a ,nilateral e1al,ation. 3,t ha8 PHILCO S!T 3een gi1en an o22ort,nit0 to 2resent its si8e 3efore the or8er in :,estion 7as iss,e8. the confiscator0 nat,re of the rate re8,ction an8 the conse:,ent 8eterioration of the 2,3lic ser1ice co,l8 ha1e 3een sho7n an8 8emonstrate8 to %TC. The or8er 2ertains eDcl,si1el0 to PHILCO S!T an8 to no other. )e8,ction of rates 7as ma8e 7itho,t affor8ing PHILCO S!T the 3enefit of an eD2lanation as to 7hat 2artic,lar as2ect or as2ects of the financial statements 7arrante8 a corres2on8ing rate re8,ction. PHILCO S!T 7as not e1en affor8e8 the o22ort,nit0 to crossCeDamine the ins2ector 7ho iss,e8 the re2ort on 7hich %TC 3ase8 its :,estione8 or8er. Bhile the %TC ma0 fiD a tem2orar0 rate 2en8ing final 8etermination of the a22lication of PHILCO S!T. s,ch rateCfiDing or8er. tem2orar0 tho,gh it ma0 3e. is not eDem2t from the stat,tor0 2roce8,ral re:,irements of notice an8 hearing. as 7ell as the re:,irement of reasona3leness. !ss,ming that s,ch 2o7er is 1este8 in %TC. it ma0 not eDercise the same in an ar3itrar0 an8 confiscator0 manner. Categori<ing s,ch an or8er as tem2orar0 in nat,re 8oes not 2erforce entail the a22lica3ilit0 of a 8ifferent r,le of stat,tor0 2roce8,re than 7o,l8 other7ise 3e a22lie8 to an0 other or8er on the same matter ,nless other7ise 2ro1i8e8 30 the a22lica3le la7. %TC has no a,thorit0 to maAe s,ch or8er 7itho,t first gi1ing PHILCO S!T a hearing. 7hether the or8er 3e tem2orar0 or 2ermanent. an8 it is immaterial 7hether the same is ma8e ,2on a com2laint. a s,mmar0 in1estigation. or ,2on the commission?s o7n motion.

Sofia S. Ferre GPE2

School Legislation Dr. Jose Domingo !TEO !G#STI%

Title of the Case: !-E)DEE% CO#)T I%C. G )ICH!)D %G "S. Case %o.: G).&+/H=& Date of Prom,lgation: !P)IL &H. 2((4

Facts of the Case: Petitioner. !3er8een Co,rt em2lo0e8 )es2on8ent. ateo !g,stin on Se2tem3er &@.&//@ to o1ersee the electrical 2ro3lems of the 2etitioner. )es2on8ent 7as ,n8er a siDCmonth 2ro3ationar0 2erio8. #n8er the contract. it s2ecifie8 that the management has the right to terminate his contract if the res2on8ent 2erforme8 ,nsatisfactor0. Centigra8e In8,stries Inc. ma8e a rea8ing of the eDha,st air 3alancing at the fifth an8 siDth floor of 2etitioner?s 2remises. In the sai8 ,n8ertaAing. res2on8ent 7as a22ointe8 30 the 2etitioner as officerCinCcharge. !fter the 2ersonnel of Centigra8e 7ere finishe8. the0 ga1e a re2ort to the res2on8ent. )es2on8ent !g,stin acce2te8 the re2ort 7itho,t checAing into its a,thenticit0 accor8ing to the 2etitioner. For his 2art. res2on8ent state8 that Engr. !3a8 8irecte8 him to sign the sai8 re2ort 7hich Engr. !3a8 m,st 3e 8irecte8 res2onsi3le. !ccor8ing to the 2etitioner. res2on8ent 7as confronte8 a3o,t his fail,re to checA the Eo3 an8 res2on8ent ignore8 an8 left the com2an0. On the other han8. res2on8ent recei1e8 a 2hone call from the 2etitioner an8 the Personnel De2artment tol8 him that the com2an0 terminate8 his ser1ices as electrical engineer. s. Carlos of the Personnel De2artment tol8 res2on8ent to sign a 8oc,ment stating that the com2an0 has no lia3ilit0 to him in eDchange of a t7o 7eeA salar0. The 8a0 after the inci8ent. res2on8ent asAe8 assistance to the DOLE a3o,t his sit,ation. )es2on8ent 7as tol8 to re2ort to the 2etitioner 3eca,se notice of termination 7as not ser1e8. Petitioner thro,gh the Personnel De2artment 8i8 not acce2t him an0more. )es2on8ent file8 a com2laint for illegal 8ismissal 3efore the %L)C. The La3or !r3iter fa1ore8 the res2on8ent. Petitioner file8 an a22eal to the %L)C 7hich the %L)C re1erse8 its 8ecision. C! re1erse8 the 8ecision of the %L)C. Petitioner file8 a 2etition 3efore the S,2reme Co,rt. Issue: Is the 2etitioner 1iolate8 the La3or Co8e in terminating the res2on8ent as Electrical Engineer Held: The S,2reme Co,rt r,le8 that the 2etitioner 8ismisse8 the res2on8ent 7ith E,st ca,se accor8ing to the La3or Co8e. The 2etitioner ho7e1er. 1iolate8 the 8,e 2rocess of terminating the res2on8ent 7itho,t 2rior notice 7hich or8ere8 it to 2a0 nominal 8amages 7orth Ph2 H(.(((. !ccor8ing to the La3or Co8e in -ooA "I. ),le I. Section @ on Pro3ationar0 Em2lo0ment. an em2lo0ee ,n8er 2ro3ationar0 3asis ma0 3e terminate8 onl0 for E,st ca,se an8 fails to :,alif0 to the stan8ar8s 2rescri3e8 30 the em2lo0er to 3ecome a reg,lar em2lo0ee. Bhen the res2on8ent acce2te8 the re2ort e1en he is in 8o,3t of it is a 2roof of lacA of 8,e 8iligence an8 3asic Ano7le8ge of an em2lo0ee. It onl0 sho7s that he is ,n8eser1ing to 3e 2romote8 as reg,lar em2lo0ee.

Sofia S. Ferre GPE2

School Legislation Dr. Jose Domingo

Title of the Case: C!G!I!% C!PITOL COLLEGE !%D L!#)E!%! )OS!LES "S. %L)C. "I)GILIO "ILLEG!S !%D LEO%O) P!G!PO%G Case %o.: G) %O.: /((&(&& Date of Prom,lgation: SEPTE -E) &+. &//( Facts of the Case: T7o in8i1i8,als a22lie8 as fac,lt0 mem3ers of the 2etitioner Caga0an Ca2itol College. The0 7ere ,n8er a 2ro3ational 3asis. )es2on8ent "illegas 7as hire8 as instr,ctor in the %a,tical Science De2artment. ! TenCmonth contract,al contract en8e8 on arch H&. &/'2 7hich res2on8ent reCa22lie8 for a ne7 contract for a 2erio8 of J,ne &. &/'2C arch H&. &/'H. !fter the sai8 contract eD2ire8. res2on8ent reCa22lie8 again for the same 2osition for a 2erio8 of J,ne &. &/'HC arch H&. &/'+. It 7as eDten8e8 again for the s,mmer classes of School Iear &/'HC&/'+. )es2on8ent reCa22lie8 again for his em2lo0ment 3efore the contract eD2ires. Petitioner reEecte8 3eca,se of com2laints ma8e 30 1ario,s st,8ents 7hich the !cting Dean ma8e an in1estigation. Bhile res2on8ent Paga2ong 7as hire8 as 2ro3ationar0 instr,ctor in the High School De2artment on J,ne &4. &/'&C arch H&. &/'2 of the 2etitioner College. )es2on8ent reCa22lie8 again for a 2erio8 of J,ne &. &/'2C arch H&. &/'H as 2ro3ationar0 High School Instr,ctor. Thir8 2ro3ationar0 contract 7as gi1en 30 the 2etitioner form J,ne &4. &/'HC arch H&. &/'+. -efore the contract eD2ires. res2on8ent a22lie8 for reC em2lo0ment. Petitioner College 8enie8 it 8,e to res2on8ent?s a3sences. -oth res2on8ent "illegas an8 Paga2ong file8 an illegal 8ismissal 7ith reinstatement case an8 claims for ,n8er2a0ment of 7ages 3efore the %L)C )egional Office Caga0an Cit0. )es2on8ents state8 that the0 7ere 8ismiss 30 2etitioners 7itho,t 1ali8 gro,n8s an8 8e2ri1e8 of their constit,tional right to 8,e 2rocess an8 sec,rit0 of ten,re. !lso. the res2on8ents mentione8 the nonCcom2liance of the 2etitioner of 7age or8ers an8 PD %o. +4&. Petitioner College for its 2art state8 that the0 7ere not illegall0 8ismisse8 3eca,se the 2ro3ationar0 3asis eD2ire8 alrea80. The contracts 7ere not rene7e8 3eca,se ina3ilit0 to reach the stan8ar8 2rescri3e8 for 2ro3ationar0 em2lo0ees. La3or !r3iter ren8er a 8ecision 8ismissing the com2laints. %L)C r,le8 in fa1or of the res2on8ents 3ase8 on the an,al of )eg,lations for Pri1ate Schools. Issue: Is the 2etitioner illegall0 8ismiss the res2on8ents Held: The S,2reme Co,rt r,le8 that res2on8ents "illegas an8 Paga2ong 7ere not illegall0 8ismiss 30 the 2etitioner. The an,al of )eg,lations for Pri1ate Schools state8 that F,ll Time Teachers can 3e 2ermanent 7hen he*she ren8ere8 three consec,ti1e 0ears of satisfactor0 ser1ice. This 7as en,merate8 in the case of #ST 1s. %L)C 7hich ga1e the re:,isites for a teacher to ac:,ire a 2ermanent em2lo0ment. The teacher m,st 3e a f,llCtime teacher. has three consec,ti1e 0ears of ser1ice an8 the sai8 ser1ice m,st 3e satisfactor0. E1en tho,gh the res2on8ents com2lie8 7ith the three consec,ti1e 0ear re:,irement. it is not a g,arantee that the0 7ill 3e 2ermanentl0 em2lo0e8. -oth res2on8ents 8i8 not com2l0 7ith the stan8ar8s set 30 the em2lo0erC2etitioner. The em2lo0er is the one 7ho 7ill 8etermine if the em2lo0ee?s ser1ice 8,ring the 2ro3ationar0 2erio8 is satisfactor0.

Sofia S. Ferre GPE2

School Legislation Dr. Jose Domingo !-I%I

Title of the Case: !)IEL %O% ET. !L. "S. HO%. S!%CHO D! ES !%D COLLEGES Case %o.: G).%O. '/H&= Date of Prom,lgation: !I 2(. &//(

Facts of the Case: Petitioners 7ho 7ere st,8ents in res2on8ent a3ini College 7ere not allo7e8 30 res2on8ent to enroll for !ca8emic Iear &/''C&/'/ for lea8ing or 2artici2ating in mass actions against the res2on8ent. Petitioners file8 a 2etition 3efore the trial co,rt. Petitioners asserte8 their constit,tional rights of eD2ression an8 assem3l0 an8 claims that the0 7ere 8e2ri1e8 of 8,e 2rocess 7hen the0 7ere 3arre8 from reCenrollment. The trial co,rt 8ismisse8 the 2etition in1oAing the earlier 8octrine lai8 8o7n in !lc,a< et.al. 1s. PS-! . In !lc,a< et.al. 1s. PS-!. it state8 that a college st,8ent once a8mitte8 30 the school. is consi8ere8 enrolle8 onl0 for one semester an8 ma0 3e ref,se8 rea8mission after the semester is o1er as the contract 3et7een the st,8ent an8 the school is 8eeme8 terminate8. !lso. the 8ecision of the trial co,rt relie8 on the form signe8 30 the 2etitioners 8,ring enrollment for the first semester of School Iear &/''C&/'/ 7hich the res2on8ent a3ini College has the right to 8en0 a8mission of st,8ents if 8isr,2ts or interfere the o2eration of the college. It 8eclare8 that the st,8ents m,st follo7 the a3ini College Co8e of Con8,ct an8 Disci2line. The 8ecision of the trial co,rt highlighte8 the conflict 3et7een the st,8ents? rights to s2eech an8 assem3l0 an8 the rights of school officials to 8isci2line them. Issue: Is the res2on8ent College 1iolate8 the constit,tional rights of the 2etitioners 30 not allo7ing them to enroll in the e8,cational instit,tion Held: The S,2reme Co,rt r,le8 in granting the 2etition of the 2etitioners to allo7 their enrollment in the e8,cational instit,tion. The High Co,rt eD2laine8 in the 8ecision that constit,tional rights of the st,8ents 2artic,larl0 eD2ression an8 assem3le in the &/'= Phili22ine Constit,tion is still a22lica3le in e8,cational instit,tions 8es2ite their aca8emic free8om. Citing ala3anan 1s. )amento. School a,thorities can a22l0 sanctions in cases 7herein st,8ents 2ermitte8 to hol8 a rall0 1iolate8 the terms of the 2ermit 30 hol8ing the 8emonstration in a 2lace other than s2ecifie8 an8 longer than the 2erio8 allo7e8. !lso. it mentione8 its 2re1io,s r,ling in G,<man 1s. %ational #ni1ersit0 the re:,isites for the im2osition of 8isci2linar0 sanctions m,st 3e ,n8er 2roce8,ral 8,e 2rocess. Proce8,ral D,e Process of informing the nat,re an8 ca,se of acc,sation. right to ans7er the charges. informing the e1i8ence against them an8 an in1estigating committee to hear an8 8eci8e the allegations against st,8ents an8 fac,lt0. The nat,re of contract 3et7een a School an8 its St,8ent 7as re1ise8 from its 2re1io,s r,ling in !lc,a< from termination of or8inar0 contract into a contact 7ith 2,3lic interest sti2,late8 30 the 2ro1isions on E8,cation in the &/'= Phili22ine Constit,tion. )es2on8ent err in not con8,cting 8,e 2rocess in the nonCenrollment of the 2etitioners e1en if eight o,t of thirteen 2etitioners ha8 failing gra8es. Petitioners co,l8 ha1e 3een s,3Eect of a 8isci2linar0 2rocee8ing rather than im2osing a se1ere 2,nishment of nonCa8mission to the a3ini College.