Doka Calculation Guide

The Formwork Experts
Regulations, standards
and tables
Design loadings
Design values for Doka
system parts
Calculation information
Wall formwork
Calculation information
Floor formwork
Tables
Doka
Calculation Guide
A
uszugslnge
zul. axiale Last a. Druck [kN
]
L [m
]
m
in. L
halb. L
m
ax. L
Zug
6,0 - 7,4
40,0
40,0
27,8
7,1 - 8,5
40,0
38,2
24,3
8,4 - 9,8
40,0
35,6
21,7
9,7 - 11,1
40,0
31,7
19,0
40
10,8 - 12,2
40,0
27,8
16,1
11,9 - 13,3
34,2
24,1
13,4
13,2 - 14,6
27,1
21,5
12,2
14,5 - 15,9
20,8
17,5
9,5
12/2002 NK
The Formwork Experts 2
by Doka Industrie GmbH
A-3300 Amstetten
Reprinting and reproduction of this Calculation Aids documentation - even in part - is not
permissible without the express permission of Messrs. Doka Industrie GmbH.
DIN Standards are reproduced with the permission of DIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung
e.V. Where reference is made to a DIN Standard, the most recently issued edition of the
respective Standard, as available from Beuth Verlag GmbH, Burggrafenstrasse 6, D-10787
Berlin 30, shall be applicable.
We reserve the right to effect modifications in the interests of technical progress.
3
Tables
Profile tables Page 49
Characteristic material values Page 62
Frequently used formulae Page 66
Calculation information: Floor formwork
Beam-forming supports Page 39
Dokaflex 20 Page 41
Tableforms d2 Page 42
Tower frames d2 Page 43
Supporting scaffold Aluxo Page 44
Supporting scaffold Staxo Page 46
Calculation information: Wall formwork
Large-area formwork: Timber formwork beam Doka H 20 Page 22
Steel walings Page 24
Column formwork Page 26
Supporting construction frames Page 28
Struts Page 30
Panel stabilisers Page 32
Form ties Page 33
Climbing formwork Page 34
Folding platforms Page 36
Shaft platforms Page 38
Design values for Doka system parts
Formwork sheathing Page 11
Timber beams Page 15
Steel components Page 19
Design Loadings
Vertical and horizontal loads Page 7
Pressure of fresh concrete on vertical formwork Page 9
Regulations, Standards and Tables
General remarks Page 5
5
General remarks
Regulations and Standards
DIN 1052 - Structural use of timber / Ouvrages en bois
DIN 1055 - Design loads for buildings / Charges thoriques pour btiments
DIN 4420 - Service and working scaffolds / Echafaudages de service
DIN 4421 - Falsework / Echafaudages d'taiment
DIN 4424 - Telescopic steel props / Montants tlescopiques en acier avec un dispositif
d'extension
DIN 18.202 - Tolerances in building / Tolerances dimensionelles dans la construction
immobilire
DIN 18.215 - Timber form boards for concrete and reinforced concrete structures, standard
dimension 0.50 m <x> 1.50 m, thickness = 21 mm / Panneaux de coffrage en bois,
pour ouvrage en bton et en bton arm, dimensions standard: 0,50 m <x> 1,50
m, epaisseur 21 mm
DIN 18.216 - Formwork ties / Tirants de coffrage
DIN 18.217 - Concrete surfaces and formwork surface / Surface de bton et film de coffrage
DIN 18.218 - Pressure of fresh concrete on vertical formwork / Pression de bton fraichement
malax sur des coffrages verticaux
DIN 18.800 - Structural steelwork / Construction mtalliques
DIN 68791 - Large area shuttering panels of core plywood for concrete and reinforced
concrete / Panneaux de coffrage grande surface en contreplaqu latt ou
lamell pour bton et bton arm
Accident prevention regulations of "Bauberufsgenossenschaft" employee safety organisation.
Tables
The Doka Calculation Aids contain the principal data needed for using Doka formwork systems.
Please see our brochures for detailed information and "how-to-use" instructions.
For help with special applicational problems, please see the following reference works:
Bautabellen (Construction Tables), Struler/Krapfenbauer
Publishers: Verlag Jugend und Volk
Stahl im Hochbau (Steel in building construction),
Verein Deutscher Eisenhttenleute
Publishers: Verlag Stahleisen, Dsseldorf
Stahlbauprofile (Structural steel sections)
Verein Deutscher Eisenhttenleute
Publishers: Verlag Stahleisen, Dsseldorf
Bautechnische Zahlentafeln (Numerical tables for construction engineering), Wendehorst/Muth
Publishers: B.G. Teubner, Stuttgart
Holzbau Taschenbuch (Timber construction pocket book), Halsz/Scheer
Publishers: Verlag Wilhelm Ernst & Sohn, Berlin
7
Vertical and horizontal loads
Vertical loads
Constant loads
Self-weight of formwork according to DIN 1055 Part 1 - Design loadings for buildings.
For weights of individual parts of the DOKA system, see DOKA brochures.
Effective loads (payloads)
a) For supporting scaffolds:
DIN 4421 postulates a payload of 20 % of the self-weight of the fresh concrete on an area of 3.0 x 3.0 m
(although not less than 1.5 kN/m and not more than 5 kN/m), and of 0.75 kN/m for remaining areas.
b) For work and safety scaffoldings:
As per DIN 4420 Part 1
Concrete loads
(As per DIN 1055 Page 1- Design loadings for buildings)
Reinforced concrete 25 kN/m
Addition for fresh concrete 1 kN/m
26 kN/m
Horizontal loads
Pressure of fresh concrete
Pressure of fresh concrete on vertical formwork - DIN 18.218
V
100
For supporting scaffolds, 1/100 of the vertical loads should be assumed for the base of the formwork.
Wind loads
Wind loads as per DIN 1055, Part 4
Wind speed Dynamic Wind pressure w for wall
pressure q formwork (C
f
= 1.3)
0 to 8 m above ground 28.3 m/s 102 km/h 0.5 kN/m 0.65 kN/m
over 100 m above ground 45.6 m/s 164 km/h 1.3 kN/m 1.69 kN/m
To obtain the wind pressure w, multiply the dynamic pressure q by the force coefficient c
f
(as a rule, this
will be c
f
= 1.3 for wall formwork).
Horizontal loads
such as tension loads from cables, thrust loads etc.
Lateral forces on balustrades
Horizontal single load P = 0.3 kN
in the most unfavourable position as defined by DIN 4420, Part 1
Pressure of fresh concrete on
vertical formwork DIN 18 218
Consistency ranges Slump a Compaction v
Meaning Symbol [cm]
stiff K1 - 1.45 to 1.26
plastic K2 40 1.25 to 1.11
soft K3 41 to 50 1.10 to 1.04
Consistency ranges Slump a Compaction v
Meaning Symbol [cm]
stiff KS - 1.20
plastic KP 35 to 41 1.19 to 1.08
soft KR 42 to 48 1.07 to 1.02
flowing KF 49 to 60 -
to DIN 1045, Edition1980
to DIN 1045, Edition 1972
and DIN 18218
Consistency ranges of fresh concrete
September 1980
Prerequisites:
Weight of fresh concrete 25 kN/m
Setting of concrete 5 h
Tight formwork
Compaction with internal vibrator
Fresh concrete temperature +15C
Columns
Walls
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
0
1
2
3
4
5
Speed of placing v
b
[m/h]
F
r
e
s
h

c
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

p
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

p

[
k
N
/
m
]
H
y
d
r
o
s
t
a
t
i
c

p
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

h
e
i
g
h
t

h

[
m
]
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
C
o
m
p
a
c
t
i
o
n
a
c
c
o
r
d
i
n
g

t
o

w
a
l
z
F
l
o
w

c
o
n
c
r
e
t
e
K
3
K
1
5
v
b
+
2
1
K
2
1
0

v b

+

1
9
1
7

v
b

+

1
7
1
4

v b

+

1
8
9
Pressure of fresh concrete on
vertical formwork DIN 18 218
All other prerequisites as per DIN 18218:
Weight of fresh concrete 25 kN/m
Tight formwork
Compaction with internal vibrator
Fresh concrete temperature 15 C
with setting retarded by 5 h
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7
Walls
Columns
F
l
o
w

c
o
n
c
r
e
t
e
K
2
K
1
K
3
Speed of placing v
b
[m/h]
F
r
e
s
h

c
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

p
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

p

[
k
N
/
m
]
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7
Walls
Columns
F
l
o
w

c
o
n
c
r
e
t
e
K
3
K
2
K
1
Speed of placing v
b
[m/h]
F
r
e
s
h

c
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

p
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

p

[
k
N
/
m
]
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7
Walls
Columns
F
l
o
w

c
o
n
c
r
e
t
e
K
1
K
2
K
3
without retarding admix
Speed of placing v
b
[m/h]
F
r
e
s
h

c
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

p
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

p

[
k
N
/
m
]
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7
K
2
K
1
K
3
Walls
Columns
Speed of placing v
b
[m/h]
F
r
e
s
h

c
o
n
c
r
e
t
e

p
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

p

[
k
N
/
m
]
without retarding admix
September 1980
with setting retarded by 5 h
F
l
o
w

c
o
n
c
r
e
t
e
11
Deflection diagram Doka-3-SO-
Panels 21 and 27 mm
Doka three-ply formwork sheets 3-SO
Doka three-ply formwork sheets G
Doka three-ply board texture formwork sheets
Dokadur-3S panels
The direction of grain in surface veneers lies at right angles to the supports.
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
0.5
1.0
20 60 70 30 40 50 80
3
0
.
0
2
0
.
0

k
N
/
m
5
.0
7
.
5
p [kN/m]
Support spacing I [cm]
D
e
f
l
e
c
t
i
o
n

[
m
m
]
8
0
.
0
1
0
0
.
0
5
0
.
0
4
0
.
0
6
0
.
0
1
0
.
0
m
a
x

p
m
t
d

M
1
5
.
0
2.5
l/500
27 mm
EJ = 15.4 kNm/m
(15 % moisture
content)
L L L L L L
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
0.5
1.0
20 60 70 30 40 50 80
2
0
.
0
1
0
.
0
7
.
5
4
0
.
0
3
0
.
0
2
.5
5
.
0
D
e
f
l
e
c
t
i
o
n

[
m
m
]
1
0
0
.
0
1
5
.
0

k
N
/
m
8
0
.
0 6
0
.
0 5
0
.
0
l/500
p [kN/m]
21 mm
EJ = 9.0 kNm/m
(15 % moisture
content)
L L L L L L
m
a
x

p
m
t
d

M
Deflection diagram
Finnish birch plywood
The direction of grain in surface veneers is of no importance.
15 10 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
7
.
5
4
0
.
0
3
0
.
0
2
.
5
2
0
.
0
1
5
.
0
D
e
f
l
e
c
t
i
o
n

[
m
m
]
8
0
.
0
1
0
0
.
0
5
0
.
0
6
0
.
0
1
0
.
0

k
N
/
m
5
,
0
l/5
0
0
p [kN/m]
15 mm
EJ = 2.0 kNm/m
(15 % moisture
content)
L L L L L L
2
0
.
0
1
5
.
0
7
.
5
5
.
0
2
.
5
15 10 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
D
e
f
l
e
c
t
i
o
n

[
m
m
]
5
0
.
0
6
0
.
0
3
0
.
0
1
0
0
.
0
4
0
.
0
1
0
.
0

k
N
/
m
l/5
0
0
p [kN/m]
12 mm
EJ = 1.1 kNm/m
(15 % moisture
content)
L L L L L L
8
0
.
0
m
a
x

p
m
t
d

M
m
a
x
.
p
m
t
d
.
M
13
The direction of grain in surface veneers is of no importance.
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
0,5
1.0
20 60 70 30 40 50 80
6
0
.
0
3
0
.
0
1
5
.
0
2
0
.
0
7
.
5
5
.
0
2
.
5
D
e
f
l
e
c
t
i
o
n

[
m
m
]
4.0
8
0
.
0
5
0
.
0
4
0
.
0
1
0
.
0

k
N
/
m
l/500
p [kN/m]
21 mm
EJ = 4.7 kNm/m
(15 % moisture
content)
Deflection diagram
Finnish birch plywood
L L L L L L
1
0
0
.
0
20 80
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
0.5
60 70
4
0
.
0
3
0
.
0
2
0
.
0
1
5
.
0
5
.
0
5
0
.
0
7
.
5
30 40 50
1.0
D
e
f
l
e
c
t
i
o
n

[
m
m
]
8
0
.
0
1
0
0
.
0
1
0
.
0

k
N
/
m
l/500
2
.
5
p [kN/m]
18 mm
EJ = 3.1 kNm/m
(15 % moisture
content)
L L L L L L
Dokaplex formwork sheets, 21 mm
Dokadur-Plex panels, 21
6
0
.
0
m
a
x
.

p
m
t
d
.

M
m
a
x
.
p
m
t
d
.
M
15
Doka timber formwork beams
Design values
H 16 H 20 H 30 H 36
max. 8.5 11.0 15.0 17.0 kN
permitted Q
max. 2.7 5.0 13.5 17.0 kNm
permitted M
E x J 250 450 1250 1850 kNm
3.20 4.00 6.00 6.00 m
H 16 H 20 H 30 H 36
1
6
.
0
6.5
3
.
5
4
.
0
8.0
2
0
.
0
3
0
.
5
5
.
4
9.7 9.7
5
.
4
3
6
.
0
Dimensions in cm
max. support
spacing
Deflection diagram
Support spacing l [m]
D
e
f
l
e
c
t
i
o
n

[
m
m
]
2.0
Support spacing l [m]
D
e
f
l
e
c
t
i
o
n

[
m
m
]
1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1.0 1.5 2.5 3.0
1
.
5
0
1
.
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
1.0
2
.
0

k
N
/
m
p [kN/m]
H20
p [kN/m]
H16
1
5
.
0
0
1
0
.
0
0
7
.
5
0
5
.
0
0
4
.
5
0
4
.
0
0
3
.
0
0
2
.
0
0
2
.
5
0
0.25
0
.5
0
2
0
.
0
1
5
.
0
1
0
.
0
7
.
5
5
.
0
4
.
5
4
.
0
3
.
5
3
.
0
2
.
5
1
.
5
1
.
0
0
.5
L
L
3
.
5
0

k
N
/
m
0
l/5
0
0
l/5
0
0
m
a
x
. p
m
td
. M
m
a
x
.

p
m
t
d
.

Q
m
a
x
.

p
m
t
d
.

M
m
a
x
.

p
m
t
d
.

Q
17
Deflection diagram
0
support spacing I [m]
D
e
f
l
e
c
t
i
o
n

[
m
m
]
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
1
.
0
2
.
0
3
.
0
4
.
0
7
.
5
1
0
.
0
1
5
.
0
m
a
x
.

p
e
r
m

M
0
Support spacing I [m]
D
e
f
l
e
c
t
i
o
n

[
m
m
]
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
1
.
0
2
.
0
3
.
0
4
.
0
7
.
5
1
0
.
0
2
0
.
0
p [kN/m]
H30
H36
p [kN/m]
5
.
0

k
N
/
m
4
0
.
0
3
0
.
0 2
0
.
0
4
0
.
0
3
0
.
0
1
5
.
0
L
L
5
.
0

k
N
/
m
m
a
x
.

p
e
r
m

Q
l/500
l/500
m
a
x
.

p
m
t
d
.

M
m
a
x
.

p
m
t
d
.

Q
19
Doka steel components
Steel walings G F W
x
l
x
Material grade St-37 [kg/m] [cm] [cm] [cm
4
]
WS10 Top 50 22.0 27.0 82.4 412
WU12 Top 50 27.0 34.0 121.4 728
WU14 Top 50 33.0 40.8 172.8 1210
WU16 Top 50 37.6 48.0 232.0 1850
Connection parts G F W
x
l
x
Material grade St-37 [kg] [cm] [cm] [cm
4
]
Splice plate Top 50 9.30 14.4 21.6 97
Splice plate Top 50 Z 9.00 14.4 21.6 97
Adj. waling extension 1.40 m Top 50 13.00 14.4 21.6 97
Universal support Top 50 11.10 14.1 28.7 129
per m
Formwork connector FF20/50 6.30 14.4 21.6 97
Adj. waling extension FF20/50 9.80 14.4 21.6 97
Anchoring plate FF20/50 6.60 14.4 21.6 97
Framax Universal waling 0.90 m 10.00 14.6 32.2 180
Framax Universal waling 1.50 m 17.00 14.6 32.2 180
Frami Universal waling 0.70 m 3.65 6.2 6.8 17
Frami Universal waling 1.25 m 6.35 6.2 6.8 17
Deflection diagram
Steel waling WS10 and WU12
D
e
f
l
e
c
t
i
o
n

[
m
m
]
2
.5
5
.
0
7
.
5
2
0
.
0
1
0
.
0
3
0
.
0
4
0
.
0
5
0
.
0
1
2
3
4
5
8
7
6
1
5
.
0

k
N
/
m
1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 2.25 2.50
D
e
f
l
e
c
t
i
o
n

[
m
m
]
1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 2.25 2.50
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2.5
5
.0
7
.5 1
0
.0
1
5
.
0
2
0
.
0

k
N
/
m
3
0
.
0
4
0
.
0
5
0
.
0
7
5
.
0
1
0
0
.
0
m
a
x
.
p
m
t
d
.
M
p [kN/m]
WS10
p [kN/m]
WU12
L
L
m
a
x
.

p
m
t
d

M
21
Deflection diagram
Steel waling WU14 and WU16
D
e
f
l
e
c
t
i
o
n

[
m
m
]
1.50 1.75 2.00 2.25 2.50 2.75 3.00
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2.5
5
.0
7
.5
1
0
.
0
1
5
.
0
2
0
.
0

k
N
/
m
3
0
.
0
4
0
.
0
5
0
.
0
7
5
.
0
D
e
f
l
e
c
t
i
o
n

[
m
m
]
1.50 1.75 2.00 2.25 2.50 2.75 3.00
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
p [kN/m]
WU14
p [kN/m]
WU16
2.5
5
.0
7
.5
m
a
x
.
p
m
t
d
M
1
0
.
0
1
5
.
0
2
0
.
0
3
0
.
0
4
0
.
0

k
N
/
m
5
0
.
0
7
5
.
0
L
L
1
0
0
.
0
m
a
x
.

p
m
t
d

M
Large area formwork:
Timber formwork beam Doka H20
Max. permissible fresh concrete pressure for timber formwork beams Doka H 20
Fresh concrete pressure [kN/m] 30 40 50 60 70
Beam spacing [cm] 63 48 42 41 0
Max. span deflection [mm] 0.43 0.43 0.35 0.29 0
Max. cantilever-arm deflection [mm] 0.15 0 0 0.06 0
Waling load B [kN/m] 28 29 29 28 0
Waling load A [kN/m] 29 39 46 50 0
Max. span deflection [mm] 0.31 0.26 0.29 0.32 0.29
Max. cantilever-arm deflection [mm] 0 0.10 0.06 0.05 0.09
Waling load C [kN/m] 21 21 21 20 20
Max. cantilever-arm deflection [mm] 0 0 0 0 0
Formwork height 2.50 m
2
5
0
2
4
5
4
0
1
2
0
A
h
s
A
B
1
2
0
3
6
0
B
3
0
0
2
9
0
B
A
h
s
1
6
0
4
5
1
2
0
4
5
Pb
Pb
Pb
h
s
C
23
Timber formwork beam Doka H20
Max. cantilever-arm deflection [mm] 0 0 0 0 0
Waling load D [kN/m] 32 34 35 35 34
Waling load B [kN/m] 48 64 80 97 114
Max. cantilever-arm deflection [mm] 0.85 0.45 0.38 0.38 0.35
Waling load D [kN/m] 29 30 30 29 29
Max. cantilever-arm deflection [mm] 0.32 0.08 0.05 0.05 0.11
Max. permissible fresh concrete pressure for timber formwork beams Doka H 20
h
s
Pb
D
C
B
A
5
0
0
A
B
C
h
s
h
s
C
D
1
5
5
1
5
5
1
5
0
4
5
B
A
6
0
0
5
9
0
Pb
4
9
0
1
2
0
1
2
0
1
2
0
4
5
4
0
0
3
9
0
1
2
5
1
2
5
4
5
Pb
90.0
Doka steel walings Top 50
Max. permissible waling load per m for
normal steel walings WS 10 Top 50 and
WU 12 Top 50; respective anchor forces.
* Normally only used as compensating element, with one tie
Standard element 0.75 m*
Standard element 1.00 m*
Standard element 1.25 m
20 35
25.0 50.0
25.0 25.0 75.0
30.0 30.0
30.0 30.0 115.0
52.5 52.5 95.0
55.0 115.0 55.0
20
25.0
WS10 Top 50 WU12 Top50
kN/m kN kN/m kN
577 216 850 319
369 185 544 272
295 184 435 272
205 154 302 227
96 84 141 123
84 84 123 123
76 86 112 126
M
a
x
.
p
e
r
m
i
s
s
i
b
l
e
w
a
l
i
n
g

l
o
a
d
A
n
c
h
o
r

f
o
r
c
e
A
n
c
h
o
r

f
o
r
c
e
M
a
x
.
p
e
r
m
i
s
s
i
b
l
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w
a
l
i
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g

l
o
a
d
25
Doka steel walings Top 50
Max. permissible waling load per m for
normal steel walings WS 10 Top 50 and
WU 12 Top 50; respective anchor forces.
WS 10 WU 12
Top 50 Top 50
kN/m kN kN/m kN
76 95 112 140
76 86 112 127
76 87 112 128
76 90 112 133
76 87 112 128
76 88 112 129
76 97 112 143
76 93 112 127
75 102 110 150
55.0 55.0 140.0
55.0 82.5 82.5 55.0
55.0 55.0
55.0 55.0 120.0
55.0 55.0 100.0 100.0
55.0 55.0 112.0 116.0 112.0
95.0 95.0
120.0
90.0
55.0 132.5 132.5 125.0 55.0
55.0
130.0 115.0
55.0
55.0
105.0
130.0
115.0 115.0
115.0 55.0
105.0
M
a
x
.
p
e
r
m
i
s
s
i
b
l
e
w
a
l
i
n
g

l
o
a
d
A
n
c
h
o
r

f
o
r
c
e
A
n
c
h
o
r

f
o
r
c
e
M
a
x
.
p
e
r
m
i
s
s
i
b
l
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w
a
l
i
n
g

l
o
a
d
B 165 165 165 165 165 165
A 40 40 40 40 40 40
C 170 170 170 170 170 170
B 140 140 140 140 140 140
A 40 40 40 40 40 40
D 150 150 150 150 150 150
C 130 130 130 130 130 130
B 130 130 130 130 130 130
A 40 40 40 40 40 40
E 130 130 130 130
D 130 130 130 130
C 130 130 130 130
B 130 130 130 130
A 40 40 40 40
E 180 180 180 180
D 150 150 150 150
C 140 140 140 140
B 140 140 140 140
A 40 40 40 40
F 150 150 150 150
E 140 140 140 140
D 140 140 140 140
C 140 140 140 140
B 140 140 140 140
A 40 40 40 40
G 140 140 140 140
F 140 140 140 140
E 140 140 140 140
D 140 140 140 140
C 140 140 140 140
B 130 130 130 130
A 40 40 40 40
G 195 195 195 195
F 155 155 155 155
E 140 140 140 140
D 140 140 140 140
C 140 140 140 140
B 140 140 140 140
A 40 40 40 40
Column formwork with
steel walings WS10 Top 50
Waling spacing for various dimensions of columns
Column dimension [cm] 20/20 30/30 40/40 50/50 60/60 70/70
Number of H 20's per side 2 2 3 4 4 5
Waling spacing [cm]
Height of
column [m]
10.0
9.0
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
The design dimensions for rectangular columns are those for the
longer side.
Max. fresh-concrete pressure 90 kN/m
C
o
l
u
m
n

h
e
i
g
h
t
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
Steel waling WS 10 Top 50
Corner connecting
plate 90/50
27
C 135 135 135
B 165 165 95 95 95
A 40 40 30 30 30
D 135 135 135
C 170 170 95 95 95
B 140 140 95 95 95
A 40 40 30 30 30
E 135 135 135
D 170 170 100 100 100
C 130 130 95 95 95
B 110 110 95 95 95
A 40 40 30 30 30
F 135 135 135
E 150 150 100 100 100
D 120 120 95 95 95
C 120 120 95 95 95
B 120 120 95 95 95
A 40 40 30 30 30
G 135 135 135
F 140 140 105 105 105
E 120 120 95 95 95
D 120 120 95 95 95
C 120 120 95 95 95
B 120 120 95 95 95
A 40 40 30 30 30
H 135 135
G 170 170 170 110 110
F 120 120 120 95 95
E 105 105 105 95 95
D 105 105 105 95 95
C 105 105 105 95 95
B 105 105 105 95 95
A 40 40 40 30 30
I 155 155
H 165 165 165 110 110
G 120 120 120 95 95
F 105 105 105 95 95
E 105 105 105 95 95
D 105 105 105 95 95
C 105 105 105 95 95
B 105 105 105 95 95
A 40 40 40 30 30
K 145 145
I 160 110 110
H 170 170 120 95 95
G 140 140 105 95 95
F 120 120 105 95 95
E 120 120 105 95 95
D 120 120 105 95 95
C 120 120 105 95 95
B 120 120 105 95 95
A 40 40 40 30 30
Column formwork with steel
walings WU12 Top50
Waling spacing for various dimensions of columns
Waling spacing [cm]
Column dimension [cm] 80/80 90/90 100/100 110/110 120/120
Number of H 20's per side 5 5 5 6 6
10.0
9.0
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
K
C
o
l
u
m
n

h
e
i
g
h
t
Steel waling WU 12 Top 50
Corner connecting
plate 90/50
The design dimensions for
rectangular columns are those for
the longer side.
Max. fresh-concrete pressure
90 kN/m
Height of
column[m]
Supporting construction frame
Variable: Calculation
H
V
Z
Z
H
V
Formwork height up to 4.00 m
3.25
3.50
3.75
4.00
Pouring
height H
[m]
3.25
3.50
3.75
4.00
Influence width Influence width Influence width Influence width
e = 0.90 m e = 1.00 m e = 1.25 m e = 1.35 m
Anchor Shoring Anchor Shoring Anchor Shoring Anchor Shoring
force Z force V force Z force V force Z force V force Z force V
[kN] [kN] [kN] [kN] [kN] [kN] [kN] [kN]
Max. permissible formwork pressure 40 kN/m
125 62 139 69 173 86 187 93
137 75 153 83 191 104
150 89 167 99
163 105 181 116
143 67 159 75 199 94 215 101
159 82 177 91
175 99 194 110
191 117 212 130
2.50
2.75
3.00
3.25
Pouring
height H
[m]
2.50
2.75
3.00
3.25
e = 0.90 m e = 1.00 m e = 1.25 m e = 1.35 m
Anchor Shoring Anchor Shoring Anchor Shoring Anchor Shoring
87 31 96 34 120 43 130 47
99 40 110 45 138 56 149 60
112 51 124 56 156 70 168 76
125 62 139 69 173 86 187 93
95 32 106 36 133 45 143 48
111 42 124 47 155 59 167 64
127 54 141 60 177 75 191 81
143 67 159 75 199 94
Anchor walings must be used that are of suitable size for the anchoring forces encountered. The bearing
capacity of the foundation / floor slab must also be checked.
Waling WU 14
for supporting
constr. frame
Waling WU 14
for supporting
constr. frame
29
Supporting construction frame
Universal F: Calculation
3.00
3.50
4.00
4.50
Pouring
height H
[m]
3.00
3.50
4.00
4.50
e = 0.90 m e = 1.00 m e = 1.25 m e = 1.35 m
Anchor Spindle Anchor Spindle Anchor Spindle Anchor Spindle
112 49 124 55 156 68 168 74
137 73 153 81 191 101 206 110
163 102 181 113 226 141 244 153
188 135 209 150 262 188 283 203
127 53 141 59 177 73 191 79
159 80 177 89 221 111 239 120
191 114 212 126 265 158 286 170
223 153 247 170 309 213 334 230
H
V
4.50
5.00
5.50
6.00
Pouring
height H
[m]
4.50
5.00
5.50
6.00
e = 0.90 m e = 1.00 m e = 1.25 m e = 1.35 m
188 94 209 105 262 131 283 142
214 121 238 135 297 168 321 182
239 151 266 168 332 210 359 227
265 185 294 206 368 257 397 278
223 107 247 119 309 148 334 160
255 139 283 154 354 193 382 208
286 175 318 194 398 243 430 262
318 215 354 239 442 299
H
V
6.00
6.50
7.00
7.50
8.00
Pouring
height H
[m]
e = 0.90 m e = 1.00 m e = 1.25 m e = 1.35 m
265 131 294 145 368 182 397 196
290 157 322 174 403 218 435 235
316 186 351 206 438 258 473 278
341 216 379 241 474 301
367 250 407 278
6.00
6.50
7.00
7.50
8.00
318 152 354 169 442 211 477 228
350 184 389 204 486 255
382 218 424 242
414 255 460 284
445 296 495 329
Z
H
Anchor walings must be used that are of suitable size for the anchoring forces encountered. The bearing
capacity of the foundation / floor slab must also be checked.
Universal struts - Top 50
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
M
a
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.

p
e
r
m
i
t
t
e
d

l
o
a
d

[
k
N
]
Length of strut [m]
Univ. strut T5/3 - Top 50
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
P
e
r
m
i
t
t
e
d

l
o
a
d

[
k
N
]
Length of strut [m]
0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 5.4
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
P
e
r
m
i
t
t
e
d

l
o
a
d

[
k
N
]
Length of strut [m]
' With no bracing on the strut*
^l With bracing on the strut
I With bracing on the strut
+ 2 % longitudinal bridge slope
I With bracing on the strut
+ 4 % longitudinal bridge slope
* Ensure that the frame sections
are adequately braced!
Min. angle between universal strut
and steel waling = 30
Universal strut
Bracing
Bracing
Universal strut
l^
1'
l^
1'
l^
1'
31
Spindle struts - Top 50
Bracing
Spindle strut
Spindle strut T5/3-Top 50
1' Spindle not unscrewed = min. length
l^ Spindle unscrewed 18 cm = max. length
1' Spindle not unscrewed = min. length
l^ Spindle unscrewed 12 cm = max. length
Min. angle between strut
and steel waling = 30
Spindle strut
Bracing
0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 5.4
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
P
e
r
m
i
t
t
e
d

l
o
a
d

[
k
N
]
Length of strut [m]
1'
l^
Spindle strut T8/4-Top 50
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
P
e
r
m
i
t
t
e
d

l
o
a
d

[
k
N
]
Length of strut [m]
'
^
70
50
40
30
20
10
0
60
Spindle struts T6, T7, T10
Spindle strut T6 100/150 cm
1.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0
T7 150/200 cm
T7 200/250 cm
T
6

1
0
0
/
1
5
0

c
m
T10
T
7

3
0
5
/
3
5
5

c
m
T
7

2
5
0
/
3
0
0

c
m
Length of strut [m]
P
e
r
m
i
t
t
e
d

l
o
a
d

[
k
N
]
Panel stabilisers
Panel strut 340
Loadability data
Length extended Permissible load [kN]
L [m] Pressure Tension
2.00 22.0
2.20 21.0
2.40 17.5
2.60 14.5 15
2.80 12.5
3.00 11.0
3.20 9.5
3.40 8.0
Loadability data
3.20 30.0
3.40 30.0
3.60 30.0
3.80 25.5
4.00 21.5
4.20 19.0
4.40 16.5 30
4.60 15.0
4.80 13.5
5.00 12.0
5.20 11.0
5.40 10.0
5.50 9.5
Adjustable plumbing strut
Loadability data
Length extended Perm. axial pressure load [kN]
L [m] min. L halb. L max. L Tension
6.0 - 7.4 40.0 40.0 27.8
7.1 - 8.5 40.0 38.2 24.3
8.4 - 9.8 40.0 35.6 21.7
9.7 - 11.1 40.0 31.7 19.0 40
10.8 - 12.2 40.0 27.8 16.1
11.9 - 13.3 34.2 24.1 13.4
13.2 - 14.6 27.1 21.5 12.2
14.5 - 15.9 20.8 17.5 9.5
Univ. stabilising strut
Loadability data
5.00 40
5.50 40
6.00 39
6.50 38
7.00 37
7.50 36 30
8.00 33
8.50 30
9.00 27
9.50 25
10.00 23
T
o
p

v
i
e
w

o
f

s
w
a
y

b
r
a
c
i
n
g
L
Spindle element
Intermediate piece 3.70 m
Intermediate piece 2.40 m
Spindle element
L
m
a
x
.

3
3
0
.
0
112,0
Panel strut 540
210.0
m
a
x
.

5
0
5
.
0
L
Univ. stabilising strut foot
Timber formwork beam H 20
Univ. stabilising strut head
Nailed-on sway bracing
made of 3/15 cm planks
Unit spacing 'a' 100 cm
a
L
33
Doka form-ties
Elongation of the form-tie as a per-
centage of the loaded length of rod
Max. permissible service loads on tie rods
15.0 20.0 26.5*
Diameter d
1
15.0 20.0 26.5 mm
Diameter d
2
17.0 22.5 30.0 mm
Cross-sectional area 1.77 3.14 5.50 cm
120 220 350 kN
* Only in DOKA sales range for Germany
0 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35
50
100
150
T
i
e

l
o
a
d

[
k
N
]
Elongation of loaded
length of rod [%]
T
i
e

r
o
d

2
0
.
0
T
i
e

r
o
d

1
5
.
0
T
i
e

r
o
d

2
6
.
5
200
250
L ... Tie-rod elongation [mm]
L ... Length of tie-rod [m]
Z ... Tie load [kN]
A ... Cross-sectional area [cm]
L =
L Z
21 A
d
1
d
2
Safety instruction:
Never weld or heat tie rods - risk of fracture!
Do not bend tie rods or load them perpendicular to the rod axis!
Max. permissible loadability
with 1.6 safety factor against
breaking load
Doka climbing formwork F
as per DIN 1055 for heights of up to 100 m above
general ground level
For wind speeds of up to
130 km/h
as per DIN 1055 for heights of up to 20 m above general
ground level.
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
F
o
r
m
w
o
r
k

h
e
i
g
h
t

[
m
]
Influence width per bracket [m]
With wind-load support Without wind-load support
For wind speeds of up to
150 km/h
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
F
o
r
m
w
o
r
k

h
e
i
g
h
t

[
m
]
Without wind-load support With wind-load support
For short-term work phases not
in the normal position, calculatory
safety is given for wind speeds of
up to 100 km/h.
The above calculation diagrams
are valid for climbing formwork
which conforms completely to
Doka's technical directions and
documentation.
Normal position
Guy-bracing
35
Doka climbing formwork MF
3.0
kN/m
1.5
kN/m
1.5
kN/m
0.75
kN/m
0.75
kN/m
3.0
kN/m
3.0
kN/m
Wind loads:
In both positions
B BB BB Formwork up against
concrete
B BB BB Formwork retracted
- full wind load as per
DIN 1055 part 4 is
permissible
- structure heights of up
to 100 m: 1.1 kN/m
- structure heights of
over 100 m: 1.3 kN/m
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Working loads: Working loads:
Vertical load per bracket: 50 kN
0 1 2 3 4
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
F
o
r
m
w
o
r
k

h
e
i
g
h
t

[
m
]
Structure heights of over 100 m
Structure heights of up to 100 m
A separate check must be made on the way the forces
occurring are introduced into the concrete.
This diagram refers to the climbing
bracket MF used with both pressure strut
MF long and pressure strut MF short (it does
not refer to the adjustable variant, or to
when the formwork is used with automatic
climbers).
T
h
e

a
d
j
u
s
t
a
b
l
e

p
l
u
m
b
i
n
g

s
t
r
u
t

m
u
s
t

b
e

s
e
t

u
p

i
n

e
v
e
r
y
b
r
a
c
k
e
t

a
x
i
s

a
n
d

f
i
x
e
d

i
n
t
o

t
h
e

c
l
a
m
p
i
n
g

l
p
o
i
n
t
s
.
I
f

a
d
j
u
s
t
a
b
l
e

p
l
u
m
b
i
n
g

s
t
r
u
t
s

a
r
e

s
e
t

u
p

o
n

t
h
e

f
o
l
d
i
n
g
p
l
a
t
f
o
r
m
,

t
h
e
y

m
a
y

o
n
l
y

b
e

p
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
e
d

i
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Shaft platforms
Structural design diagram for telescopic shaft-platform
beams with gravity pawls or main beam heads
Legend:
I = effective span of telescopic shaft-platform beam (clear shaft dimension)
Effective loading: Formwork load (0.7 kN/m) + effective loading divided over the whole
platform area (at least 2.0 kN/m). If reinforcement is to be stored on the
platform an exact loading calculation will be necessary.
Permanent load: Consists of boarding (0.3 kN/m for 50 mm thick), transverse timbers
(6.0 kN/m) and estimated main beam section.
][ 100 = 0.22 kN/m, ][ 120 = 0.27 kN/m, ][ 140 = 0.33 kN/m, ][ 160 = 0.38 kN/m
Width of influence: Proportion of the whole width of the platform to the main beam. Except for
exceptional circumstances where more than two main beams are used this
width is always b/2.
Note: The reaction is limited by the pawl mounting / universal climbing cone 15.0
plus cone screw B 7 cm to A = 40 kN.
q =
m platform area
effective loading+permanent load
x
10
20
30
40
1,0 2,0 3,0 4,0 5,0 6,0
Length I [m]
L
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a
d

q

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k
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m
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1) 2) 3) 4) 5)
1) Telescopic shaft-platform beam 1.45 - 1.65 m
]
[
1
6
0
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[

1
4
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[

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2
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[

1
0
0
Telescopic shaft-platform beam
Suspension
with pawl
Suspension
with main
beam head
Width of influence
of the beam
Max. capacity per lifting point:
Permissible vertical tensile force
2000 kg (20 kN)
39
Doka beam forming supports
Table:
Max. spacing of
beam-forming supports
Height H of
side form-
work Without Floor Floor
floor d=20 cm d=30 cm
[cm] [m] [m] [m]
30 1.65 (4.0)
1)
1.35 (1.7)
1)
1.30
35 1.55 (2.9)
1)
1.30 1.15
40 1.50 (2.2)
1)
1.20 0.95
45 1.40 (1.8)
1)
1.00 0.80
50 1.35 0.83 0.70
55 1.30 0.75 0.60
60 1.05 0.63 0.50
65 0.90 0.50
70 0.75 0.40
75 0.63
80 0.50
85 0.43
90 0.36
1) The values given in brackets apply where
sufficiently stiff side formworks are used.
Other heights and spacings are possible where
form-ties are incorporated. (Must be designed
on case-by-case basis).
Floor beam
without floor
H
Floor beam
with floor
H
H
d
H
The height (H) of the side formwork is decisive for
the structural design. For perimeter floor beams, it
is the height of the outside that is decisive.
Always position beam forming supports opposite
one another. For floor perimeters, suitably long end
transverse beams must be used.
The spacings given in the table are maximum
distances that must not be exceeded.
Perimeter
floor beam
Floor perimeter
With longitudinal timber formwork
beams H 20, or squared timbers
With vertical side beams H 20
Dokaflex 20
The max. permitted spacing of the longitudinal beams depends upon the desired floor thickness and the
preselected spacing of the transverse beams - as well as upon the formwork sheathing. The max. permitted
spacing of the floor props is then determined by the spacing of the longitudinal beams and the floor thickness.
Spacing of transverse beams
Max. spacing of transverse beams [m]
with different types of sheathing
Floor thickness Dokaplex 21 mm 3-SO 21 mm 3-SO 27 mm
up to 18 cm 0.75 m 0.750 m 0.75 m
up to 40 cm 0.67 m 0.670 m 0.75 m
up to 50 cm 0.50 m 0.625 m 0.67 m
Timber formwork beam Doka H 16 P
Max. permitted spacing Max. permitted spacing
of longitudinal beams [m] of floor props [m]
Floor Total For a transverse-beam spacing [m] of: For a pre-selected longitudinal-beam spacing [m] of:
thickness load
[cm] [kN/m] 0.40 0.50 0.625 0.667 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 2.25 2.50 3.00 3.50
10 4.40 3.20 2.98 2.77 2.71 2.56 2.22 1.98 1.81 1.67 1.57 1.48 1.40 1.34 1.28
12 4.92 3.04 2.82 2.62 2.56 2.42 1.10 1.87 1.71 1.58 1.48 1.40 1.33 1.26 1.15
14 5.44 2.90 2.69 2.50 2.44 2.30 1.99 1.78 1.63 1.51 1.41 1.33 1.25 1.14 1.04
16 5.96 2.78 2.58 2.40 2.33 2.20 1.90 1.70 1.55 1.44 1.35 1.27 1.14 1.04 0.95
18 6.48 2.68 2.49 2.31 2.24 2.11 1.83 1.63 1.49 1.38 1.29 1.17 1.05 0.95
20 7.00 2.59 2.41 2.22 2.15 2.03 1.76 1.57 1.43 1.33 1.21 1.08 0.97 0.88
22 7.52 2.52 2.34 2.14 2.08 1.96 1.69 1.52 1.38 1.28 1.13 1.00 0.90 0.82
24 8.04 2.45 2.27 2.07 2.01 1.89 1.64 1.47 1.34 1.21 1.06 0.94 0.85
26 8.56 2.39 2.22 2.01 1.95 1.83 1.59 1.42 1.30 1.13 0.99 0.88 0.79
28 9.08 2.33 2.16 1.95 1.89 1.78 1.54 1.38 1.25 1.07 0.94 0.83 0.75
30 9.66 2.28 2.11 1.89 1.83 1.73 1.50 1.34 1.17 1.01 0.88 0.78 0.70
35 11.22 2.17 1.96 1.76 1.70 1.60 1.39 1.21 1.01 0.87 0.76 0.67
40 12.78 2.06 1.84 1.64 1.59 1.50 1.30 1.06 0.89 0.76 0.67 0.59
45 14.34 1.94 1.74 1.55 1.50 1.42 1.19 0.95 0.79 0.68 0.59
50 15.90 1.84 1.65 1.47 1.43 1.35 1.07 0.86 0.71 0.61 0.53
Timber formwork beam Doka H 20
Floor- Total For a transverse-beam For a pre-selected longitudinal-beam spacing [m] of:
thickness load spacing [m] of:
[cm] [kN/m] 0.50 0.625 0.667 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 2.25 2.50 2.75 3.00 3.50
10 4.40 3.63 3.37 3.29 3.17 2.88 2.67 2.46 2.28 2.13 2.01 1.82 1.65 1.52 1.30
12 4.92 3.43 3.19 3.12 3.00 2.72 2.53 2.33 2.16 2.02 1.81 1.63 1.48 1.36 1.16
14 5.44 3.27 3.04 2.97 2.86 2.60 2.41 2.21 2.05 1.84 1.63 1.47 1.34 1.23 1.05
16 5.96 3.14 2.92 2.85 2.74 2.49 2.31 2.12 1.92 1.68 1.49 1.34 1.22 1.12 0.96
18 6.48 3.03 2.81 2.75 2.65 2.40 2.22 2.03 1.76 1.54 1.37 1.23 1.12 1.03 0.88
20 7.00 2.93 2.72 2.66 2.56 2.32 2.14 1.90 1.63 1.43 1.27 1.14 1.04 0.95
22 7.52 2.84 2.64 2.58 2.48 2.26 2.06 1.77 1.52 1.33 1.18 1.06 0.97 0.89
24 8.04 2.76 2.57 2.51 2.42 2.19 1.99 1.66 1.42 1.24 1.11 1.00 0.90 0.83
26 8.56 2.70 2.50 2.45 2.35 2.14 1.87 1.56 1.34 1.17 1.04 0.93 0.85
28 9.08 2.63 2.44 2.39 2.30 2.09 1.76 1.47 1.26 1.10 0.98 0.88 0.80
30 9.66 2.57 2.39 2.34 2.25 2.03 1.66 1.38 1.18 1.04 0.92 0.83 0.75
35 11.22 2.45 2.27 2.23 2.14 1.78 1.43 1.19 1.02 0.89 0.79 0.71
40 12.78 2.35 2.18 2.13 2.04 1.56 1.25 1.04 0.89 0.78 0.70 0.63
45 14.34 2.26 2.10 2.04 1.93 1.39 1.12 0.93 0.80 0.70 0.62 0.56
50 15.90 2.18 2.01 1.94 1.83 1.26 1.01 0.84 0.72 0.63 0.56
These tables allow for a live load of 20% of the self-weight of the fresh concrete, but not less than
1.5 kN/m (150 kp/m). The mid-span deflection has been limited to l/500.
Max. permitted spacing
of longitudinal beams
[m]
Max. permitted spacing
of floor props [m]
41
Permitted prop loads
5
.5
2
8
.7
5
.4
3
1
.3
5
.3
3
3
.8
5
.2
3
6
.1
5
.1
3
8
.4
5
.0
4
0
.3
4
.9
4
2
.2
4
.8
4
4
.0
4
.7
4
5
.7
4
.6
4
7
.2
4
.5
4
8
.6
4
.4
4
9
.8
4
.3
5
0
.0
4
.2
k
N
k
N
4
.1
2
3
.2
4
4
.9
4
.0
2
4
.7
4
7
.9
3
.9
2
6
.3
5
0
.0
3
.8
2
7
.7
3
.7
2
9
.4
3
.6
k
N
3
1
.0
3
.5
3
2
.5
3
2
.5
3
.4
3
4
.2
3
4
.2
3
.3
3
5
.9
3
5
.9
3
.2
3
6
.5
3
6
.5
3
.1
k
N
5
0
.0
3
.0
3
6
.5
2
.9
2
.8
2
.7
k
N
2
.6
3
6
.5
2
.5
2
.4
5
0
.0
2
.3
3
6
.5
2
.2
2
.1
2
.0
3
6
.5
1
.9
1
.8
3
6
.5
1
.7
1
.6
3
6
.5
1
.5
1
.4
1
.3
1
.2
1
.1
1
.0
0
.9
0
.8
0
.7
0
.6
0
.5
0
.4
0
.3
0
.2
0
.1
H
e
ig
h
t
l o
f
p
r
o
p
in
m
k
N
E
c
o

2
0
E
u
r
e
x

2
0
2
6
0
E
c
o

2
0
E
u
r
e
x

2
0
3
0
0
E
c
o

2
0
E
u
r
e
x

2
0
3
5
0
E
c
o

2
0
E
u
r
e
x

2
0
4
1
0
E
u
r
e
x

2
0
5
5
0
H
e
ig
h
t
l o
f
p
r
o
p
in
m
E
u
r
e
x

3
0
2
6
0
E
u
r
e
x

3
0
3
0
0
E
u
r
e
x

3
0
3
5
0
E
u
r
e
x

3
0
4
1
0
k
N
k
N
k
N
F
l
o
o
r

p
r
o
p
s

E
c
o

2
0
F
l
o
o
r

p
r
o
p
s

E
u
r
e
x

2
0
F
l
o
o
r

p
r
o
p
s

E
u
r
e
x

3
0
k
N
k
N
k
N
k
N
H
e
ig
h
t
l o
f
p
r
o
p
in
m
k
N
G
5
5
0
G
4
1
0
N
4
1
0
N
3
5
0
N
3
0
0
N
2
6
0
F
l
o
o
r

p
r
o
p
s

N

a
n
d

G
E
x
t
e
n
s
io
n
r
a
n
g
e
f
r
o
m
3
.0
5
m
t
o
5
.5
0
m
E
x
t
e
n
s
io
n
r
a
n
g
e
f
r
o
m
2
.3
0
m
t
o
4
.1
0
m
E
x
t
e
n
s
io
n
r
a
n
g
e
f
r
o
m
2
.3
0
m
t
o
4
.1
0
m
E
x
t
e
n
s
io
n
r
a
n
g
e
f
r
o
m
1
.9
7
m
t
o
3
.5
0
m
E
x
t
e
n
s
io
n
r
a
n
g
e
f
r
o
m
1
.7
2
m
t
o
3
.0
0
m
E
x
t
e
n
s
io
n
r
a
n
g
e
v
o
n
1
.5
2
m
b
is
2
.6
0
m
5
.5
5
.4
5
.3
5
.2
5
.1
5
.0
4
.9
4
.8
4
.7
4
.6
4
.5
4
.4
4
.3
4
.2
k
N
4
.1
3
0
.0
4
.0
3
.9
3
.8
3
.7
3
.6
3
.5
3
0
.0
3
.4
3
.3
3
.2
3
.1
3
.0
3
0
.0
2
.9
2
.8
2
.7
2
.6
3
0
.0
2
.5
2
.4
2
.3
3
0
.0
2
.2
2
.1
2
.0
3
0
.0
1
.9
1
.8
3
0
.0
1
.7
1
.6
3
0
.0
1
.5
1
.4
1
.3
1
.2
1
.1
1
.0
0
.9
0
.8
0
.7
0
.6
0
.5
0
.4
0
.3
0
.2
0
.1
5
.5
2
0
.0
5
.4
5
.3
5
.2
5
.1
5
.0
4
.9
4
.8
4
.7
4
.6
4
.5
4
.4
4
.3
4
.2
4
.1
2
0
.0
4
.0
3
.9
3
.8
3
.7
3
.6
3
.5
2
0
.0
3
.4
3
.3
3
.2
3
.1
3
.0
2
0
.0
2
0
.0
2
.9
2
.8
2
.7
2
.6
2
0
.0
2
.5
2
.4
2
.3
2
0
.0
2
.2
2
.1
2
.0
2
0
.0
1
.9
1
.8
2
0
.0
1
.7
1
.6
2
0
.0
1
.5
1
.4
1
.3
1
.2
1
.1
1
.0
0
.9
0
.8
0
.7
0
.6
0
.5
0
.4
0
.3
0
.2
0
.1
E
x
t
e
n
s
io
n
r
a
n
g
e
f
r
o
m
1
.5
2
m
t
o
2
.6
0
m
E
x
t
e
n
s
io
n
r
a
n
g
e
f
r
o
m
1
.7
2
m
t
o
3
.0
0
m
E
x
t
e
n
s
io
n
r
a
n
g
e
f
r
o
m
1
.9
7
m
t
o
3
.5
0
m
E
x
t
e
n
s
io
n
r
a
n
g
e
f
r
o
m
2
.2
7
m
t
o
4
.1
0
m
E
x
t
e
n
s
io
n
r
a
n
g
e
f
r
o
m
2
.9
7
m
t
o
5
.5
0
m
E
x
t
e
n
s
io
n
r
a
n
g
e
f
r
o
m
1
.5
2
m
t
o
2
.6
0
m
E
x
t
e
n
s
io
n
r
a
n
g
e
f
r
o
m
1
.7
2
m
t
o
3
.0
0
m
E
x
t
e
n
s
io
n
r
a
n
g
e
f
r
o
m
1
.9
7
m
t
o
3
.5
0
m
E
x
t
e
n
s
io
n
r
a
n
g
e
f
r
o
m
2
.3
0
m
t
o
4
.1
0
m
P
e
r
m
i
t
t
e
d
l
o
a
d
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
a
s
d
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
e
d
b
y
e
x
p
e
r
i
m
e
n
t
s
a
t
t
h
e
T
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
o
f
V
i
e
n
n
a
P
e
r
m
i
t
t
e
d

l
o
a
d
a
b
i
l
i
t
y

o
f

E
c
o

2
0

p
r
o
p
s
t
o

-
N
o
r
m

B

4
0
0
9
P
e
r
m
i
t
t
e
d

l
o
a
d
a
b
i
l
i
t
y

o
f

E
u
r
e
x

2
0

p
r
o
p
s
t
o

D
r
a
f
t

E
N

1
0
6
5
,
C
a
t
e
g
o
r
y
D
P
e
r
m
i
t
t
t
e
d

l
o
a
d
a
b
i
l
i
t
y

o
f

E
u
r
e
x

3
0

p
r
o
p
s
t
o

D
r
a
f
t

E
N

1
0
6
5
,
C
a
t
e
g
o
r
y
E
Loadability for tableforms with U-head or screw-jack U-head
Tableforms d2 -
supporting scaffold held at top
Used in conjunction with screw-jack U-head
3
5
7
0
U-head directly on baseframe
7
0
Permitted loadability per leg* for tableforms
with 1.80 m baseframe
51.2 kN 40.7 kN 31.0 kN
0 cm 20 cm 35 cm
Extension length of screw-jack U-head
Permitted loadability per leg* for tableforms
with 1.20 m baseframe and stacked tableforms
with any combination of 1.80 m and 1.20 m
baseframes.
51.4 kN 45.0 kN 36.2 kN
0 cm 20 cm 35 cm
Extension length of screw-jack U-head
Using heavy-duty screw-jack 70 Using telescopic spindle
Where telescopic spindles with
telescopic frame feet are used
instead of the heavy-duty screw-
jack 70, the permitted maximum
loadability values given in the table
must be limited to 36 kN.
43
Tower frames d2 -
free standing supporting scaffold
Excerpt from Test Certificate N V 66975/2 of the Technical Testing and Research Institute at the Technical
University of Vienna
Breaking load per leg where a horizontal load of 2 % of the vertical load
is acting simultaneously (test result)
Allowing for a safety factor of 2.50, the following loads per leg may be permitted:
3
5
1
8
0
1
8
0
1
8
0
2
5
6
0
0
100 100 152
V V V
H H H
Screw-jack U-head
Horizontal diagonal
Baseframe 1.80 m
Horizontal brace
Baseframe 1.80 m
Diagonal brace
Baseframe 1.80 m
Screw-jack foot
V
BREAK
= 144.00 kN
H
BREAK
= 2.88 kN
V
PERM
= 57.60 kN
H
PERM
= 1.15 kN
0 10 20 30 40 50
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
L
f
70 cm
L
f
45 cm
0 10 20 30 40 50
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
P
e
r
m
i
t
t
e
d

l
o
a
d

o
n

l
e
g

F
v

(
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e

r
e
s
i
s
t
a
n
c
e
)

[
k
N
]
Length L
k
by which screw-jack U-head is extended [cm]
L
f
15 cm
L
f
30 cm
L
f
60 cm
L
f
70 cm
L
f
45 cm
Aluxo
1.0 - 2.5 m 1.5 m
F
v
F
v
F
v
F
v
L
f
L
k
2-storey,
1.80/1.20 frames
1-storey
1.20 frame
3-storey,
1.80/1.20 frames
1.0 - 2.5 m 1.5 m
F
v
F
v
F
v
F
v
1-storey
1.80 frame
L
f
L
k
Aluxo supporting scaffold
B BB BB Bottom height adjustment:
Heavy-duty screw-jack 70
or screw-jack foot
B BB BB Top height adjustment:
U-head (direct) or screw-jack U-head
P
e
r
m
i
t
t
e
d

l
o
a
d

o
n

l
e
g

F
v

(
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e

r
e
s
i
s
t
a
n
c
e
)

[
k
N
]
Length L
k
by which screw-jack U-head is extended [cm]
Calculation
allowing for wind
on the supporting
scaffold
45
Aluxo
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
P
e
r
m
i
t
t
e
d

l
o
a
d

o
n

l
e
g

F
v

(
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e

r
e
s
i
s
t
a
n
c
e
)

[
k
N
]
L
f
70 cm
L
f
45 cm
Length L
k
of telescopic tube [cm]
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Length L
k
of telescopic tube [cm]
P
e
r
m
i
t
t
e
d

l
o
a
d

o
n

l
e
g

F
v

(
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e

r
e
s
i
s
t
a
n
c
e
)

[
k
N
]
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
L
f
70 cm
L
f
45 cm
1.0 - 2.5 m 1.5 m
F
v
F
v
F
v
F
v
L
f
L
k
2-storey,
1.80/1.20 frames
1-storey
1.20 frame
3-storey,
1.80/1.20 frames
1.0 - 2.5 m 1.5 m
F
v
F
v
F
v
F
v
1-storey
1.80 frame
L
f
L
k
Aluxo supporting scaffold
B BB BB Bottom height adjustment:
Heavy-duty screw-jack 70
or screw-jack foot
B BB BB Top height adjustment:
Telescopic tube 70 and 4-way head H20
Calculation
allowing for wind
on the supporting
scaffold
70.0
P
e
r
m
i
t
t
e
d

v
e
r
t
i
c
a
l

l
o
a
d

F
V

p
e
r

l
e
g
[
k
N
]
Height up to 6.0 m
50.0
P
e
r
m
i
t
t
e
d

v
e
r
t
i
c
a
l

l
o
a
d

F
V

p
e
r

l
e
g

[
k
N
]
Permitted horizontal load F
H
per leg [kN]
b
ra
c
in
g
-s
tru
t p
la
n
e
fram
e p
lan
e
bracing-strut plane
0 0.5 1.0 1.5
80.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
20.0
30.0
10.0
H
per leg [kN]
0 0.5 1.0 1.5
80.0
70.0
60.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
Staxo
L
F
max. 30 cm
L
K
max. 30 cm
F
V
F
V
F
V
F
V
1.5 - 2.5 m
m
a
x
.
6
.
0
m
Staxo-frames
1.80 m, 1.20 m or
0.90 m
F
H
F
H
F
H
F
H
Screw jack U-
head or 4-way
screw-jackhead
Screw-jack foot
or heavy-duty
screw-jack 70
L
K
L
F
Bracing-strut plane Frame plane
fram
e p
lan
e
bracing-strut plane
fra
m
e
p
la
n
e
L
F
max. 20 cm
L
K
max. 20 cm
Calculation
allowing for wind
on the supporting
scaffold
47
P
e
r
m
i
t
t
e
d

v
e
r
t
i
c
a
l

l
o
a
d

F
V
p
e
r
l
e
g

[
k
N
]
60.0
Height up to 8.0 m
H
per leg [kN]
0 0.5 1.0 1.5
80.0
70.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
fram
e p
lan
e
P
e
r
m
i
t
t
e
d

v
e
r
t
i
c
a
l

l
o
a
d

F
V

p
e
r
l
e
g

[
k
N
]
80.0
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5
H
per leg [kN]
fra
m
e
p
la
n
e
bracing strut plane
bracing strut plane
Staxo
F
V
F
V
F
V
F
V
1.5 - 2.5 m
m
a
x
.
8
.
0
m
Staxo frame
1.80 m,1.20 m
or 0.90 m
F
H
F
H
F
H
F
H
Screw jack U-
head or 4-way
screw-jack head
Screw jack foot
or heavy duty
screw jack 70
Frame plane Bracing-strut plane
L
K
L
F
L
F
max. 30 cm
L
K
max. 30 cm
L
F
max. 20 cm
L
K
max. 20 cm
Calculation
allowing for wind
on the supporting
scaffold
P
e
r
m
i
t
t
e
d

v
e
r
t
i
c
a
l

l
o
a
d

F
V
p
e
r

l
e
g

[
k
N
]
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
70.0
50.0
60.0
0 5 10 15
without wind
80.0
P
e
r
m
i
t
t
e
d

v
e
r
t
i
c
a
l

l
o
a
d

F
V

p
e
r

l
e
g

[
k
N
]
Staxo frames
assembled in any way
desired
Top and bottom Staxo
frames 1.20 or 0.90 m
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
Staxo
0 5 10 15
Height H of supporting scaffold [m]
Height H of supporting scaffold [m]
without wind
w
ith w
ind
F
V
Bracing-strut or frame plane
F
V
F
V
F
V
H
L
K
1.5 - 2.5 m
Staxo-frames
1.80 m, 1.20 m
or 0.90 m
Screw-jack foot
or heavy-duty
screw-jack 70
L
F
with wind
Screw jack
U-head or 4-way
screw-jack head
L
F
max. 70 cm
L
K
max. 35 cm
L
F
max. 30 cm
L
K
max. 30 cm
Calculation
allowing for wind
on the supporting
scaffold
49
I-beams
Excerpt from "Stahlbauprofile" (Structural steel sections), 16th reprint
D
e
s
i
g
n
a
t
i
o
n
Dimensions
Section properties
weak axis z-z strong axis y-y
h b t
w
t
f
r
1
r
2
A G I
y
W
y
W
pl,y
i
y
I
z
W
z
W
pl,z
i
z
I
T
mm mm mm mm mm mm cm
2
kg/m cm
4
cm
3
cm
3
cm cm
4
cm
3
cm
3
cm cm
4
IPN 80 80 42 3.9 5.9 3.9 2.3 7.6 5.9 77.8 19.5 22.8 3.2 6.3 3. 5. 0.91 0.87
IPN 100 100 50 4.5 6.8 4.5 2.7 10.6 8.3 171. 34.2 39.8 4.01 12.2 4.9 8.1 1.07 1.6
IPN 120 120 58 5.1 7.7 5.1 3.1 14.2 11.1 328. 54.7 63.6 4.81 21.5 7.4 12.4 1.23 2.71
IPN 140 140 66 5.7 8.6 5.7 3.4 18.3 14.3 573. 81.9 95.4 5.61 35.2 10.7 17.9 1.4 4.32
IPN 160 160 74 6.3 9.5 6.3 3.8 22.8 17.9 935. 117. 136. 6.4 54.7 14.8 24.9 1.55 6.57
IPN 180 180 82 6.9 10.4 6.9 4.1 27.9 21.9 1450. 161. 187. 7.2 81.3 19.8 33.2 1.71 9.58
IPN 200 200 90 7.5 11.3 7.5 4.5 33.4 26.2 2140. 214. 250. 8. 117. 26. 43.5 1.87 13.5
IPN 220 220 98 8.1 12.2 8.1 4.9 39.5 31.1 3060. 278. 324. 8.8 162. 33.1 55.7 2.02 18.6
IPN 240 240 106 8.7 13.1 8.7 5.2 46.1 36.2 4250. 354. 412. 9.59 221. 41.7 70. 2.2 25.
IPN 260 260 113 9.4 14.1 9.4 5.6 53.3 41.9 5740. 442. 514. 10.4 288. 51. 85.9 2.32 33.5
IPN 280 280 119 10.1 15.2 10.1 6.1 61. 47.9 7590. 542. 632. 11.1 364. 61.2 103. 2.45 44.2
IPN 300 300 125 10.8 16.2 10.8 6.5 69. 54.2 9800. 653. 762. 11.9 451. 72.2 121. 2.56 56.8
IPN 320 320 131 11.5 17.3 11.5 6.9 77.7 61. 12510. 782. 914. 12.7 555. 84.7 143. 2.67 72.5
IPN 340 340 137 12.2 18.3 12.2 7.3 86.7 68. 15700. 923. 1080. 13.5 674. 98.4 166. 2.8 90.4
IPN 360 360 143 13. 19.5 13. 7.8 97. 76.1 19610. 1090. 1276. 14.2 818. 114. 194. 2.9 115.
IPN 380 380 149 13.7 20.5 13.7 8.2 107. 84. 24010. 1260. 1482. 15. 975. 131. 221. 3.02 141.
IPN 400 400 155 14.4 21.6 14.4 8.6 118. 92.4 29210. 1460. 1714. 15.7 1160. 149. 253. 3.13 170.
IPN 450 450 170 16.2 24.3 16.2 9.7 147. 115. 45850. 2040. 2400. 17.7 1730. 203. 345. 3.43 267.
IPN 500 500 185 18. 27. 18. 10.8 179. 141. 68740. 2750. 3240. 19.6 2480. 268. 456. 3.72 402.
IPN 550 550 200 19. 30. 19. 11.9 212. 166. 99180. 3610. 4240. 21.6 3490. 349. 592. 4.02 544.
European standard beams
h depth of section I moment of inertia
b width of section W elastic section modulus
t
w
web thickness W
pl
plastic section modulus
t
f
flange thickness i radius of gyration
r
1
radius of root fillet I
T
torsional constant
r
2
toe radius
A sectional area
G weight per meter
IPE-beams
h b t
w
t
f
r h
i
A G I
y
W
y
W
pl,y
i
y
I
z
W
z
W
pl,z
i
z
I
T
2
kg/m cm
4
cm
3
cm
3
cm cm
4
cm
3
cm
3
cm cm
4
IPE 80 80 46 3.8 5.2 5 69.6 7.6 6. 80.1 20. 23.2 3.24 8.5 3.7 5.8 1.05 0.7
IPE 100 100 55 4.1 5.7 7 88.6 10.3 8.1 171. 34.2 39.4 4.07 15.9 5.8 9.2 1.24 1.2
IPE 120 120 64 4.4 6.3 7 107.4 13.2 10.4 317.8 53. 60.7 4.9 27.7 8.7 13.6 1.45 1.74
IPE 140 140 73 4.7 6.9 7 126.2 16.4 12.9 541.2 77.3 88.3 5.74 44.9 12.3 19.3 1.65 2.45
IPE 160 160 82 5. 7.4 9 145.2 20.1 15.8 869.3 108.7 123.9 6.58 68.3 16.7 26.1 1.84 3.6
IPE 180 180 91 5.3 8. 9 164. 24. 18.8 1317. 146.3 166.4 7.42 100.9 22.2 34.6 2.05 4.79
IPE 200 200 100 5.6 8.5 12 183. 28.5 22.4 1943. 194.3 220.6 8.26 142.4 28.5 44.6 2.24 6.98
IPE 220 220 110 5.9 9.2 12 201.6 33.4 26.2 2772. 252. 285.4 9.11 204.9 37.3 58.1 2.48 9.07
IPE 240 240 120 6.2 9.8 15 220.4 39.1 30.7 3892. 324.3 366.6 9.97 283.6 47.3 73.9 2.69 12.88
IPE 270 260 135 6.6 10.2 15 249.6 45.9 36.1 5790. 428.9 484. 11.23 419.9 62.2 97. 3.02 15.94
IPE 300 300 150 7.1 10.7 15 278.6 53.8 42.2 8356. 557.1 628.4 12.46 603.8 80.5 125.2 3.35 20.12
IPE 330 330 160 7.5 11.5 18 307. 62.6 49.1 11770. 713.1 804.3 13.71 788.1 98.5 153.7 3.55 28.15
IPE 360 360 170 8. 12.7 18 334.6 72.7 57.1 16270. 903.6 1019. 14.95 1043. 122.8 191.1 3.79 37.32
IPE 400 400 180 8.6 13.5 21 373. 84.5 66.3 23130. 1156. 1307. 16.55 1318. 146.4 229. 3.95 51.08
IPE 450 450 190 9.4 14.6 21 420.8 98.8 77.6 33740. 1500. 1702. 18.48 1676. 176.4 276.4 4.12 66.87
IPE 500 500 200 10.2 16. 21 468. 115.5 90.7 48200. 1928. 2194. 20.43 2142. 214.2 335.9 4.31 89.29
IPE 550 550 210 11.1 17.2 24 515.6 134.4 106. 67120. 2441. 2787. 22.35 2668. 254.1 400.5 4.45 123.2
IPE 600 600 220 12. 19. 24 562. 156. 122. 92080. 3069. 3512. 24.3 3387. 307.9 485.6 4.66 165.4
IPE O 180 182 92 6. 9. 9 164. 27.1 21.3 1505. 165.4 189.1 7.45 117.3 25.5 39.9 2.08 6.76
IPE O 200 202 102 6.2 9.5 12 183. 32. 25.1 2211. 218.9 249.4 8.32 168.9 33.1 51.9 2.3 9.45
IPE O 220 222 112 6.6 10.2 12 201.6 37.4 29.4 3134. 282.3 321.1 9.16 239.8 42.8 66.9 2.53 12.27
IPE O 240 242 122 7. 10.8 15 220.4 43.7 34.3 4369. 361.1 410.3 10. 328.5 53.9 84.4 2.74 17.18
IPE O 270 274 136 7.5 12.2 15 249.6 53.8 42.3 6947. 507.1 574.6 11.36 513.5 75.5 117.7 3.09 24.9
IPE O 300 304 152 8. 12.7 15 278.6 62.8 49.3 9994. 657.5 743.8 12.61 745.7 98.1 152.6 3.45 31.06
IPE O 330 334 162 8.5 13.5 18 307. 72.6 57. 13910. 833. 942.8 13.84 960.4 118.6 185. 3.64 42.15
IPE O 360 364 172 9.2 14.7 18 334.6 84.1 66. 19050. 1047. 1186. 15.05 1251. 145.5 226.9 3.86 55.76
IPE O 400 404 182 9.7 15.5 21 373. 96.4 75.7 26750. 1324. 1502. 16.66 1564. 171.9 269.1 4.03 73.1
IPE O 450 456 192 11. 17.6 21 420.8 117.7 92.4 40920. 1795. 2046. 18.65 2085. 217.2 341. 4.21 109.
IPE O 500 506 202 12. 19. 21 468. 136.7 107. 57780. 2284. 2613. 20.56 2622. 259.6 408.5 4.38 143.5
IPE O 550 556 212 12.7 20.2 24 515.6 156.1 123. 79160. 2847. 3263. 22.52 3224. 304.2 480.5 4.55 187.5
IPE O 600 610 224 15. 24. 24 562. 196.8 154. 118300. 3879. 4471. 24.52 4521. 403.6 640.1 4.79 318.1
D
e
s
i
g
n
a
t
i
o
n
Dimensions
Section properties
weak axis z-z strong axis y-y
European I-beams
t
w
web thickness W
pl
t
f
r radius of root fillet I
T
torsional constant
h
i
inner depth between flanges
A sectional area
G weight per meter
51
IPBI-beams
h b t
w
t
f
r h
i
A G I
y
W
y
W
pl,y
i
y
I
z
W
z
W
pl,z
i
z
I
T
2
kg/m cm
4
cm
3
cm
3
cm cm
4
cm
3
cm
3
cm cm
4
HE 100 A 96 100 5. 8. 12 80 21.2 16.7 349.2 72.8 83. 4.06 133.8 26.8 41.1 2.51 5.24
HE 120 A 114 120 5. 8. 12 98 25.3 19.9 606.2 106.3 119.5 4.89 230.9 38.5 58.9 3.02 5.99
HE 140 A 133 140 5.5 8.5 12 116 31.4 24.7 1033. 155.4 173.5 5.73 389.3 55.6 84.9 3.52 8.13
HE 160 A 152 160 6. 9. 15 134 38.8 30.4 1673. 220.1 245.1 6.57 615.6 77. 117.6 3.98 12.19
HE 180 A 171 180 6. 9.5 15 152 45.3 35.5 2510. 293.6 324.9 7.45 924.6 102.7 156.5 4.52 14.8
HE 200 A 190 200 6.5 10. 18 170 53.8 42.3 3692. 388.6 429.5 8.28 1336. 133.6 203.8 4.98 20.98
HE 220 A 210 220 7. 11. 18 188 64.3 50.5 5410. 515.2 568.5 9.17 1955. 177.7 270.6 5.51 28.46
HE 240 A 230 240 7.5 12. 21 206 76.8 60.3 7763. 675.1 744.6 10.05 2769. 230.7 351.7 6. 41.55
HE 260 A 250 260 7.5 12.5 24 225 86.8 68.2 10450. 836.4 919.8 10.97 3668. 282.1 430.2 6.5 52.37
HE 280 A 270 280 8. 13. 24 244 97.3 76.4 13670. 1013. 1112. 11.86 4763. 340.2 518.1 7. 62.1
HE 300 A 290 300 8.5 14. 27 262 112.5 88.3 18260. 1260. 1383. 12.74 6310. 420.6 641.2 7.49 85.17
HE 320 A 310 300 9. 15.5 27 279 124.4 97.6 22930. 1479. 1628. 13.58 6985. 465.7 709.7 7.49 108.
HE 340 A 330 300 9.5 16.5 27 297 133.5 105. 27690. 1678. 1850. 14.4 7436. 495.7 755.9 7.46 127.2
HE 360 A 350 300 10. 17.5 27 315 142.8 112. 33090. 1891. 2088. 15.22 7887. 525.8 802.3 7.43 148.8
HE 400 A 390 300 11. 19. 27 352 159. 125. 45070. 2311. 2562. 16.84 8564. 570.9 872.9 7.34 189.
HE 450 A 440 300 11.5 21. 27 398 178. 140. 63720. 2896. 3216. 18.92 9465. 631. 965.5 7.29 243.8
HE 500 A 490 300 12. 23. 27 444 197.5 155. 86970. 3550. 3949. 20.98 10370. 691.1 1059. 7.24 309.3
HE 550 A 540 300 12.5 24. 27 492 211.8 166. 111900. 4146. 4622. 22.99 10820. 721.3 1107. 7.15 351.5
HE 600 A 590 300 13. 25. 27 540 226.5 178. 141200. 4787. 5350. 24.97 11270. 751.4 1156. 7.05 397.8
HE 650 A 640 300 13.5 26. 27 588 241.6 190. 175200. 5474. 6136. 26.93 11720. 781.6 1205. 6.97 448.3
HE 700 A 690 300 14.5 27. 27 636 260.5 204. 215300. 6241. 7032. 28.75 12180. 811.9 1257. 6.84 513.9
HE 800 A 790 300 15. 28. 30 734 285.8 224. 303400. 7682. 8699. 32.58 12640. 842.6 1312. 6.65 596.9
HE 900 A 890 300 16. 30. 30 830 320.5 252. 422100. 9485. 10810. 36.29 13550. 903.2 1414. 6.5 736.8
HE 1000 A 990 300 16.5 31. 30 928 346.8 272. 553800. 11190. 12820. 39.96 14000. 933.6 1470. 6.35 822.4
D
e
s
i
g
n
a
t
i
o
n
Dimensions
Section properties
strong axis y-y
weak axis z-z
t
w
web thickness W
pl
t
f
T
torsional constant
h
i
A sectional area
G weight per meter
European wide flange beams
IPB-beams
D
e
s
i
g
n
a
t
i
o
n
Dimensions
Section properties
strong axis y-y
weak axis z-z
h b t
w
t
f
r h
i
A G I
y
W
y
W
pl,y
i
y
I
z
W
z
W
pl,z
i
z
I
T
2
kg/m cm
4
cm
3
cm
3
cm cm
4
cm
3
cm
3
cm cm
4
HE 100 B 100 100 6. 10. 12. 80. 26. 20.4 449.5 89.9 104.2 4.16 167.3 33.5 51.4 2.53 9.25
HE 120 B 120 120 6.5 11. 12. 98. 34. 26.7 864.4 144.1 165.2 5.04 317.5 52.9 81. 3.06 13.84
HE 140 B 140 140 7. 12. 12. 116. 43. 33.7 1509. 215.6 245.4 5.93 549.7 78.5 119.8 3.58 20.06
HE 160 B 160 160 8. 13. 15. 134. 54.3 42.6 2492. 311.5 354. 6.78 889.2 111.2 170. 4.05 31.24
HE 180 B 180 180 8.5 14. 15. 152. 65.3 51.2 3831. 425.7 481.4 7.66 1363. 151.4 231. 4.57 42.16
HE 200 B 200 200 9. 15. 18. 170. 78.1 61.3 5696. 569.6 642.5 8.54 2003. 200.3 305.8 5.07 59.28
HE 220 B 220 220 9.5 16. 18. 188. 91. 71.5 8091. 735.5 827. 9.43 2843. 258.5 393.9 5.59 76.57
HE 240 B 240 240 10. 17. 21. 206. 106. 83.2 11260. 938.3 1053. 10.31 3923. 326.9 498.4 6.08 102.7
HE 260 B 260 260 10. 17.5 24. 225. 118.4 93. 14920. 1148. 1283. 11.22 5135. 395. 602.2 6.58 123.8
HE 280 B 280 280 10.5 18. 24. 244. 131.4 103. 19270. 1376. 1534. 12.11 6595. 471. 717.6 7.09 143.7
HE 300 B 300 300 11. 19. 27. 262. 149.1 117. 25170. 1678. 1869. 12.99 8563. 570.9 870.1 7.58 185.
HE 320 B 320 300 11.5 20.5 27. 279. 161.3 127. 30820. 1926. 2149. 13.82 9239. 615.9 939.1 7.57 225.1
HE 340 B 340 300 12. 21.5 27. 297. 170.9 134. 36660. 2156. 2408. 14.65 9690. 646. 985.7 7.53 257.2
HE 360 B 360 300 12.5 22.5 27. 315. 180.6 142. 43190. 2400. 2683. 15.46 10140. 676.1 1032. 7.49 292.5
HE 400 B 400 300 13.5 24. 27. 352. 197.8 155. 57680. 2884. 3232. 17.08 10820. 721.3 1104. 7.4 355.7
HE 450 B 450 300 14. 26. 27. 398. 218. 171. 79890. 3551. 3982. 19.14 11720. 781.4 1198. 7.33 440.5
HE 500 B 500 300 14.5 28. 27. 444. 238.6 187. 107200. 4287. 4815. 21.19 12620. 841.6 1292. 7.27 538.4
HE 550 B 550 300 15. 29. 27. 492. 254.1 199. 136700. 4971. 5591. 23.2 13080. 871.8 1341. 7.17 600.3
HE 600 B 600 300 15.5 30. 27. 540. 270. 212. 171000. 5701. 6425. 25.17 13530. 902. 1391. 7.08 667.2
HE 650 B 650 300 16. 31. 27. 588. 286.3 225. 210600. 6480. 7320. 27.12 13980. 932.3 1441. 6.99 739.2
HE 700 B 700 300 17. 32. 27. 636. 306.4 241. 256900. 7340. 8327. 28.96 14440. 962.7 1495. 6.87 830.9
HE 800 B 800 300 17.5 33. 30. 734. 334.2 262. 359100. 8977. 10230. 32.78 14900. 993.6 1553. 6.68 946.
HE 900 B 900 300 18.5 35. 30. 830. 371.3 291. 494100. 10980. 12580. 36.48 15820. 1054. 1658. 6.53 1137.
HE 1000 B 1000 300 19. 36. 30. 928. 400. 314. 644700. 12890. 14860. 40.15 16280. 1085. 1716. 6.38 1254.
t
w
web thickness W
pl
t
f
T
torsional constant
h
i
A sectional area
G weight per meter
53
IPBV-beams
h b t
w
t
f
r h
i
A G I
y
W
y
W
pl,y
i
y
I
z
W
z
W
pl,z
i
z
I
T
2
kg/m cm
4
cm
3
cm
3
cm cm
4
cm
3
cm
3
cm cm
4
HE 100 M 120 106 12. 20. 12 80 53.2 41.8 1143 190.4 235.8 4.63 399.2 75.3 116.3 2.74 68.21
HE 120 M 140 126 12.5 21. 12 98 66.4 52.1 2018 288.2 350.6 5.51 702.8 111.6 171.6 3.25 91.66
HE 140 M 160 146 13. 22. 12 116 80.6 63.2 3291 411.4 493.8 6.39 1144. 156.8 240.5 3.77 120.
HE 160 M 180 166 14. 23. 15 134 97.1 76.2 5098 566.5 674.6 7.25 1759. 211.9 325.5 4.26 162.4
HE 180 M 200 186 14.5 24. 15 152 113.3 88.9 7483 748.3 883.4 8.13 2580. 277.4 425.2 4.77 203.3
HE 200 M 220 206 15. 25. 18 170 131.3 103. 10640 967.4 1135. 9. 3651. 354.5 543.2 5.27 259.4
HE 220 M 240 226 15.5 26. 18 188 149.4 117. 14600 1217. 1419. 9.89 5012. 443.5 678.6 5.79 315.3
HE 240 M 270 248 18. 32. 21 206 199.6 157. 24290 1799. 2117. 11.03 8153. 657.5 1006. 6.39 627.9
HE 260 M 290 268 18. 32.5 24 225 219.6 172. 31310 2159. 2524. 11.94 10450. 779.7 1192. 6.9 719.
HE 280 M 310 288 18.5 33. 24 244 240.2 189. 39550 2551. 2966. 12.83 13160. 914.1 1397. 7.4 807.3
HE 300 M 340 310 21. 39. 27 262 303.1 238. 59200 3482. 4078. 13.98 19400. 1252. 1913. 8. 1408.
HE 320 M 359 309 21. 40. 27 279 312. 245. 68130 3796. 4435. 14.78 19710. 1276. 1951. 7.95 1501.
HE 340 M 377 309 21. 40. 27 297 315.8 248. 76370 4052. 4718. 15.55 19710. 1276. 1953. 7.9 1506.
HE 360 M 395 308 21. 40. 27 315 318.8 250. 84870 4297. 4989. 16.32 19520. 1268. 1942. 7.83 1507.
HE 400 M 432 307 21. 40. 27 352 325.8 256. 104100 4820. 5571. 17.88 19340. 1260. 1934. 7.7 1515.
HE 450 M 478 307 21. 40. 27 398 335.4 263. 131500 5501. 6331. 19.8 19340. 1260. 1939. 7.59 1529.
HE 500 M 524 306 21. 40. 27 444 344.3 270. 161900 6180. 7094. 21.69 19150. 1252. 1932. 7.46 1539.
HE 550 M 572 306 21. 40. 27 492 354.4 278. 198000 6923. 7933. 23.64 19160. 1252. 1937. 7.35 1554.
HE 600 M 620 305 21. 40. 27 540 363.7 285. 237400 7660. 8772. 25.55 18980. 1244. 1930. 7.22 1564.
HE 650 M 668 305 21. 40. 27 588 373.7 293. 281700 8433. 9657. 27.45 18980. 1245. 1936. 7.13 1579.
HE 700 M 716 304 21. 40. 27 636 383. 301. 329300 9198. 10540. 29.32 18800. 1237. 1929. 7.01 1589.
HE 800 M 814 303 21. 40. 30 734 404.3 317. 442600 10870. 12490. 33.09 18630. 1230. 1930. 6.79 1646.
HE 900 M 910 302 21. 40. 30 830 423.6 333. 570400 12540. 14440. 36.7 18450. 1222. 1929. 6.6 1671.
HE 1000 M1008 302 21. 40. 30 928 444.2 349. 722300 14330. 16570. 40.32 18460. 1222. 1940. 6.45 1701.
D
e
s
i
g
n
a
t
i
o
n
Dimensions
Section properties
strong axis y-y
weak axis z-z
t
w
web thickness W
pl
t
f
T
torsional constant
h
i
A sectional area
G weight per meter
U-sections
h b t
w
t
f
r
1
r
2
A G I
y
W
y
W
pl,y
i
y
I
z
W
z
W
pl,z
i
z
I
T
2
kg/m cm
4
cm
3
cm
3
cm cm
4
cm
3
cm
3
cm cm
4
UPN 80 80 45 6. 8. 8. 4. 11. 8.6 106 26.5 31.8 3.1 19.4 6.4 12.1 1.33 2.16
UPN 100 100 50 6. 8.5 8.5 4.5 13.5 10.6 206 41.2 49. 3.91 29.3 8.5 16.2 1.47 2.81
UPN 120 120 55 7. 9. 9. 4.5 17. 13.4 364 60.7 72.6 4.62 43.2 11.1 21.2 1.59 4.15
UPN 140 140 60 7. 10. 10. 5. 20.4 16. 605 86.4 103. 5.45 62.7 14.8 28.3 1.75 5.68
UPN 160 160 65 7.5 10.5 10.5 5.5 24. 18.8 925 116. 138. 6.21 85.3 18.3 35.2 1.89 7.39
UPN 180 180 70 8. 11. 11. 5.5 28. 22. 1350 150. 179. 6.95 114. 22.4 42.9 2.02 9.55
UPN 200 200 75 8.5 11.5 11.5 6. 32.2 25.3 1910 191. 228. 7.7 148. 27. 51.8 2.14 11.9
UPN 220 220 80 9. 12.5 12.5 6.5 37.4 29.4 2690 245. 292. 8.48 197. 33.6 64.1 2.3 16.
UPN 240 240 85 9.5 13. 13. 6.5 42.3 33.2 3600 300. 358. 9.22 248. 39.6 75.7 2.42 19.7
UPN 260 260 90 10. 14. 14. 7. 48.3 37.9 4820 371. 442. 9.99 317. 47.7 91.6 2.56 25.5
UPN 280 280 95 10. 15. 15. 7.5 53.3 41.8 6280 448. 532. 10.9 399. 57.2 109. 2.74 31.
UPN 300 300 100 10. 16. 16. 8. 58.8 46.2 8030 535. 632. 11.7 495. 67.8 130. 2.9 37.4
UPN 320 320 100 14. 17.5 17.5 8.8 75.8 59.5 10870 679. 826. 12.1 597. 80.6 152. 2.81 66.7
UPN 350 350 100 14. 16. 16. 8. 77.3 60.6 12840 734. 918. 12.9 570. 75. 143. 2.72 61.2
UPN 380 380 102 13.5 16. 16. 8. 80.4 63.1 15760 829. 1014. 14. 615. 78.7 148. 2.77 59.1
UPN 400 400 110 14. 18. 18. 9. 91.5 71.8 20350 1020. 1240. 14.9 846. 102. 190. 3.04 81.6
D
e
s
i
g
n
a
t
i
o
n
Dimensions
Section properties
strong axis y-y
weak axis z-z
European standard channels
t
w
web thickness W
pl
t
f
r
1
radius of root fillet I
T
torsional constant
r
2
toe radius
A sectional area
G weight per meter
55
Excerpt from VEST works standard specification
Section tubes, square
A dimensions J moment of inertia
t thickness W elastic section modulus
F sectional area i radius of gyration
G weight per meter J
D
torsinal constant
M outer surface W
D
torsional section modulus
Section tubes, rectangular
a depth of section M outer surface
b Width of section J moment of inertia
s thickness W elastic section modulus
F sectional area i radius of gyration
G weight per meter
57
Section tubes, rectangular
Excerpt from "Stahl im Hochbau" (Steel in building construction),1969 edition, 13th reprint
Steel tubes
D diameter
G weight per meter
F sectional area
I moment of inertia
W elastic section modulus
i radius of gyration
59
Excerpt from "Stahl im Hochbau" (Steel in building construction),1969 edition, 13th reprint
Steel tubes
Excerpt from "Bautechnische Zahlentafeln", (Numerical tables for construction engineering),23rd reprint
Squared timbers, cross-sectional
dimensions and statical values
61
Squared timbers, cross-sectional
dimensions and statical values
Characteristic materials values
Combination of building materials Frictional coefficient
max. min
1 Timber/timber
Friction surface parallel to grain
or perpendicular to grain 1.0 0.4
2 Timber/timber
at least one friction surface
perpendicular to grain
(end-grained wood) 1.0 0.6
3 Timber/steel 1.2 0.5
4 Timber /concrete or /mortar bed 1.0 0.8
5 Steel/steel 0.8 0.2
6 Steel/concrete 0.4 0.3
7 Steel/mortar bed 1.0 0.5
8 Concrete/concrete 1.0 0.5
Frictional coefficients
Metal
Modulus of elasticity Shear modulus Thermal coefficient of
E G linear expansion
t
kN/cm kN/cm 1/C
Steel 21000 8100 0.000012
Aluminium 7000 2700 0.000023
Timber
Modulus of elasticity
Parallel to Perpendicular to
grain grain Shear modulus
EII E G
kN/cm kN/cm kN/cm
Softwoods 1000 30 50
(European)
Oak and beech 1250 60 100
Laminated wood
(from European 1100 30 50
softwoods)
(grain direction)
or
63
Fundamentals: DIN 18 800 Part 2/1990
Steel grade: St 37-2
Safety factors:
F
= 1.5
M
= 1.1
max
= 250
Loadability of
buckling columns
0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
0
p
e
r
m
i
s
s
i
b
l
e

p
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

l
o
a
d

[
k
N
]
Free buckling length S
K
[m]
4
8
.
3
/
3
,
2
4
8
.
3
/
4
,
0
5
0
/
5
0
/
3
5
0
/
5
0
/
5
6
0
.
3
/
4
,
5
1
0
8
/
5
.
0
8
0
/
6
0
/
4
8
0
/
8
0
/
4
Platform flooring
to DIN 4420
December 1990
Live loads for platform floors
Scaffold category 1
Category 1 scaffolds may be used for inspection purposes only. Surveying or control work on a facade would be an
example of such inspection work. Note that only one person at a time, bearing light tools only, may stand on each
section of scaffold flooring. Manual handiwork in the usual sense of the term may not be carried out on a Category
1 scaffold.
Scaffold category 2
Category 2 scaffolds may only be used for work not requiring building materials or components to be stored on the
scaffold. Scaffolds of this category may be used for maintenance work, for example, and in particular for cleaning
work on facades. The permitted load on the flooring may not exceed 150 kg/m here. For a platform floor measuring
0.60 m x 2.50 m, for example, the permitted load would be 225 kg. However, it must be remembered that in this
category, no single flooring member (i.e. scaffold plank) that is less than 0.35 m wide may be loaded with a weight
of more than 150 kg. Category 2 scaffolds may also be used as protective scaffolding where the flooring used is
appropriately designed.
Scaffold category 3
Category 3 scaffolds may only be used for work in which the load from both materials and persons does not exceed
a live weight per unit area of 200 kg/m. The materials stored on the flooring may not be set down by means of hoisting
appliances.
Scaffolds of this category may be used, for example, for exterior rendering and plastering work; for coating, pointing
or repair work; as reinforcement-placement or concrete-pouring scaffolds in the reinforced-concrete construction
field, or as erection scaffolds in the fields of steel construction, shipbuilding and aerospace engineering.
The precondition for such usage, however, is that a passageway of at least 0.20 m in width is left clear where materials
are stored on the flooring. If machine rendering is carried out on these scaffolds, care must be taken to use only
pressure-gun equipment that can still be operated in an ergonomically acceptable manner on scaffolds of only 0.60
m in width.
Scaffold categories 4, 5 and 6
Scaffolds of categories 4, 5 and 6 may be used for work in which building materials and components are, as a rule,
set down by means of hoisting appliances and stored on the scaffold. The precondition for such usage, however, is
that the permitted loads and surface pressures do not exceed the values stipulated in Table 1. Scaffolds of these
categories are generally used for masonry and rendering work, tiling and stone-ashlar work, and for heavy erection
work in the steel construction and shipbuilding fields. Where materials are stored on the scaffold, care should be
taken - as with Category 3 scaffolds - to ensure that a passageway of at least 0.20 m in width is left clear on the flooring.
If brackets are used on the wall-facing side of the scaffold for repetitive (storey-cycle) masonry operations, these
brackets must be compatible with the scaffold category of the main area of platform flooring - if, that is, they are
positioned at the same height as the main floor, i.e. with a maximum height difference of 0.25 m. If the height
difference is more than 0.25 m, it is also permissible to select a bracket flooring that corresponds to scaffold category
2 or 3.
1 2 3 4 5 6
Concentrated load Load on partial area
Uniformly on an area of Parial area
Category distributed 500 x 500 mm 200 x 200 mm A
c
load in kN/m kN kN kN/m m
1 0.75 1.50 1.00 not required
2 1.50 1.50 1.00 not required
3 2.00 1.50 1.00 not required
4 3.00 3.00 1.00 5.00 0.4 A
5 4.50 3.00 1.00 7.50 0.4 A
6 6.00 3.00 1.00 1000 0.4 A
65
Platform flooring
and side protection
Permitted effective span in m for scaffold flooring made of
timber planks or boards
Scaffold Width of Thickness of plank or board
category plank or board cm
cm 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00
1, 2, 3 20 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.25 2.50
24 and 28 1.25 1.75 2.25 2.50 2.75
4 20 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.25 2.50
24 and 28 1.25 1.75 2.00 2.25 2.50
5 20, 24, 28 1.25 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00
6 20, 24, 28 1.00 1.25 1.25 1.50 1.75
Excerpt from DIN 4420, Part 1
Timber planks as flooring on fall barriers
Drop Permitted span in m for
h plank cross-section in cm x cm
[m] Double layer flooring
max. 24 x 4.5 28 x 4.5 24 x 4.5 28 x 4.5
1.0 1.4 1.5 2.5 2.7
1.5 1.2 1.4 2.2 2.5
2.0 1.2 1.3 2.0 2.2
2.5 1.1 1.2 1.9 2.0
3.0 1.0 1.1 1.8 2.0
Excerpt from DIN 4420, Part 1
Timber side protection - except on ladder scaffolding
Minimum dimensions in cm for
railing boards and posts
Spacing of posts Scaffold boards Scaffold poles Edge boards
or planks
(thickness/width) (diameter) (thickness/width)
2.00 3/15
2.50 4/15 or 3/20 8 3/10
3.00 4/20
4.00 5/20
Excerpt from ZH 1/534 "Arbeits- und Schutzgerste" (Working and safety scaffolds)
Frequently used formulae
67
Frequently used formulae
Nailed joins
Strain perpendicular to nail axis
(shearing-off) to DIN 1052
Timber thicknesses, penetration depths and permitted loads per nail and
shear plane (shearing off) in loading case H for
a) round wire nails to DIN 1151 for all grades of timber
Nail Min. timber Minimum Permitted nail load N
1
in N
size d
n
thickness depth of for one shear in:
in 1/10 mm in mm for penetration
times l
n
nail holes: in mm Softwood Hardwood
per Table 1 per Table 1
without with single- multi- without with always
in mm pilot-drillhole shear pilot-drillhole pilot-drilled
18 x 35 24 22 15 135 170 205
20 x 40 24 24 16 165 205 250
20 x 45 24 24 16 165 205 250
22 x 45 24 27 18 200 250 300
22 x 50 24 27 18 200 250 300
25 x 55 24 30 20 250 310 375
25 x 60 24 30 20 250 310 375
28 x 65 24 34 23 305 380 460
31 x 65 24 38 25 365 460 550
31 x 70 24 38 25 365 460 550
31 x 80 24 38 25 365 460 550
34 x 80 24 41 27 430 540 650
34 x 90 24 41 27 430 540 650
38 x 100 24 46 30 525 655 785
42 x 100 26 51 34 620 775 930
42 x 110 26 51 34 620 775 930
42 x 120 26 51 34 620 775 930
46 x 130 30 28 56 37 725 905 1090
55 x 140 40 35 66 44 975 1220 1465
55 x 160 40 35 66 44 975 1220 1465
60 x 180 50 35 72 48 1125 1405 1690
70 x 210 60 45 84 56 1440 1800 2160
76 x 230 70 45 92 62 1640 2050 2460
76 x 260 70 45 92 62 1640 2050 2460
88 x 260 90 55 106 70 2060 2570 3090
Excerpt from "Bautechnische Zahlen-
tafeln", (Numerical tables for construction
engineering),23rd reprint
Minimum distance of nails
Values in ( ) Direction Nail distance parallel
only for of grain to direction of force
d
n
> 4,2 mm
not bored bored
between 10 d
n
(12 d
n
)
5 d
n
nails 5 d
n
in direction 15 d
n
10 d
n
of loaded
border
7 d
n
(10 d
n
) 5 d
n
in directon of
unloaded
border 5 d
n
3 d
n
Penetration dephts s
1
) and permitted nail loads perm. N
1
for round
wire nails (DN) and special nails (SN) of load bearing capacity grades I, II, III
penetr.depth s perm. nail load
single s > 12d
n
perm. N
1
shear DN,
plan SN 6d
n
< s
w
< 12d
n
perm. N
1
.
s
w
/12d
n
I
s < 6d
n
0
s > 8d
n
perm. N
1
SN 4d
n
< s
w
< 8d
n
perm. N
1
.
s
w
/8d
n
II, III
s < 4d
n
0
m-shear s > 8d
n
m
.
perm. N
1
plan for DN DN,
and SN SN 4d
n
< s
w
< 8d
n
[(m-1)+s
w
/8d
n
]
.
perm. N
1
nailing both I, II, III
sides s < 4d
n
(m-1)
.
perm. N
1
1
) s = nominal depth, s
w
= real depth, for special nails II, III only treaded shaft l
g
Reduction of nailnumbers at joints: for n >10 nails close together use ef n = 10 + 0,666 (n-10),
n > 30 close together don't calculate
twice shear plane
single shear plane
= =
=
=
= =
=
= =
=
69
Systems of units
SI basic units
Physical property Unit
Name Symbol
Length Metre m
Mass Kilogram kg
Time Second s
Amperage Ampere A
Temperature*) Kelvin K
Amount of mass Mol mol
Light intensity Candela cd
*) The celsius temperature scale continues to be used in the iron and steel industry.
Comparison of the principal SI units
with former measuring units
s
=
mm
N
1
mm
N
= 1
Newton
Kilopound kp
mm
Property Previous term Unit New unit Symbol Relationship to basic
(excepting magnetic symbol in SI system of unit units of SI system
units permitted
until 31.12.1977)
Force Kilopound kp Newton N 1 N 1
Mechanical
strain
(strength)
Kilopound kp Pascal Pa
Square centimetre cm or
Pressure Atmosphere at Newton N
Millimetres water column mm WS Square millimetre mm
Millimetres mercury column Torr
Energy, work, Calorie cal
quantity of heat Kilopound metre kpm
Notch Kilopound metre kpm
toughness Square centimetre cm
1 Pa =
kg m
s m
1
kg m
=
s 10
-6
m
N
mm
1 1
Joule
Joule
J
J
= 1
kg m
s
1J
1J = 1
kg m
s
Force SI unit: Newton
Mechanical strain SI unit:
(strength)
Square millimetre
Newton
kp J/cm N
kp 1 9.81 10
-2
9.81
J/cm 10.2 1 100
N 0.102 0.01 1
kp/mm kp/cm N/mm
kp/mm 1 100 9.81
kp/cm 0.01 1 9.81 10
-2
N/mm 0.102 10.2 1
The exact conversion factor is: 1 kp = 9.80665 N
Prefixes and their symbols
Name of Prefix Decimal Name of Prefix Decimal
prefix symbol exponent prefix symbol exponent
Deca da 10 Deci d 10
-1
Hecto h 10 Centi c 10
-2
Kilo k 10 Milli m 10
-3
Mega M 10
6
Micro 10
-6
Giga G 10
9
Nano n 10
-9
Tera T 10
12
Pico p 10
-12
The prefix is written directly in front of the name of the unit, and the prefix symbol directly
in front of the symbol for the unit, with no intervening space in either case.
Square millimetre Square millimetre
kg m
kg m
s 10
-6
m
Correct formwork design
saves materials and time
In all formwork tasks, it is exceedingly important
to ensure that the formwork is correctly designed.
The Doka branch nearest you will be pleased to give you
information and literature on Doka's formwork systems.
A telephone call is all it takes!
The Doka Groups central plant at Amstetten, Austria
Doka international
Deutsche Doka
Schalungstechnik GmbH
Frauenstrasse 35
D-82216 Maisach, Germany
Telephone: (0 81 41) 3 94-0
Telefax: (0 81 41) 3 94 405
E-Mail: Deutsche.Doka@doka.com
sterreichische Doka
Reichsstrasse 23
A-3300 Amstetten, Austria
Telephone: (0 74 72) 6 05-0
Telefax: (0 74 72) 6 44 30
E-Mail: Oest.Doka@doka.com
Internet: http: // www.doka.com
Belgium
NV Doka SA
Handelsstraat 3
B-1740 Ternat
Telephone: (02) 5 82 02 70
Telefax: (02) 5 82 29 14
Brazil
Doka Brasil
Frmas para Concreto Ltda.
Rua Guilherme Lino dos Santos, 800
Jardim Flr do Campo -
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Telephone: (011) 6404-3500
Telefax: (011) 6404-5700
Finland
Doka Finland Oy
Selintie 542
FIN-03320 Selki
Telephone: (09) 22 42 64 0
Telefax: (09) 22 42 64 20
France
Doka France SA
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Telephone: 01 34 84 27 27
Telefax: 01 34 84 27 00
Italy
Doka Italia S.p.A.
Via Bruno Buozzi, 9
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Telephone: (02) 52 77 51
Telefax: (02) 5 27 98 98
Korea
Kumkang Doka
Jung-Am Building 6th Floor
769-12 Yeoksam-Dong, Kangnam-Ku
Seoul 135-080
Telephone: (02) 562-3030
Telefax: (02) 565-4466
Kuwait
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Div.of Riham Gen. Trad.& Contr. Co.
P.O. Box 2217 Salmiyah
22023 Kuwait
Telephone: 482 24 62
Telefax: 482 24 72
Lebanon
sterreichische Doka
Doka Branch Lebanon
El-Arab Building
Sidani Street / Hamra Region
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Telephone: (03) 88 00 17
Telefax: (01) 74 52 33
Other subsidiaries and
representatives:
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Mexico
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Netherlands
Doka Nederland BV
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NL-5342 PL Oss
Telephone: (04 12) 65 00 00
Telefax: (04 12) 65 00 05
Portugal
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Sector III - Lote 20 - Outeiro - Gemunde
P-4470 Maia
Telephone: (02) 943 80 80
Telefax: (02) 949 03 62
Saudi Arabia
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P.O. Box 7620
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Spain
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Telefax: (91) 685 75 01
Singapore
DFS Technology Pte. Ltd.
No. 167 Geylang Road # 04-01
Singapore 389242
Telephone: 747-3890
Telefax: 747-9770
Taiwan
DEC Engineering Corp.
7 Fl., No.123, Sec.4, Pa-Te Rd.
Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Telephone: (2) 27 53 42 61
Telefax: (2) 27 53 33 38
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Telephone: (04) 81 80 96
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