Sie sind auf Seite 1von 19

SERVOMECHANISM

& ITS IMPORTANCE


Presenters

 Khurram Sohail AU-036


 Faizan Saleem AU-043
 Muhammad Hashim AU-011
 Sidra Shakil AU-015
Definition

Servomechanism is an automatic control system in which the output is


constantly compared with the input through feedback so that the error
or difference between the two quantities can be used to bring about
the desired amount of control.
Description
What is the use of servomechanism?

 The term correctly applies only to systems where the feedback or


error-correction signals help control mechanical position or other
parameters.

 The car's cruise control uses closed loop feedback, which classifies it as a
servomechanism. A servomechanism is unique from other control systems
because it controls a parameter by commanding the time-based derivative
of that parameter Servomechanism may or may not use a servomotor.

 Servomechanisms were first used in military fire-control and marine


navigation equipment. Today servomechanisms are used in automatic
machine tools, satellite-tracking antennas and remote control airplanes,
automatic navigation systems on boats and planes, and antiaircraft-gun
control
Diagram
 A common type of servo provides position control.

 The servo consists of some control circuitry mounted on the circuit board, a
motor which provides movement, a gear train which multiplies the torque of
the motor, an output shaft which is the output of the servo, and a feedback
potentiometer.

 Servos are commonly electrical or partially electronic in nature, using an


electric motor as the primary means of creating mechanical force. Other
types of servos use hydraulics, pneumatics, or magnetic principles.

 Usually, servos operate on the principle of negative feedback, where the


control input is compared to the actual position of the mechanical system as
measured by some sort of transducer at the output. Any difference between
the actual and wanted values (an "error signal") is amplified and used to
drive the system in the direction necessary to reduce or eliminate the error.
Purpose of Servomechanism
 Automatic Control
Accurate control of motion without the need for human attendants.

 Regulation and Self-calibration


Maintenance of accuracy with mechanical load variations, changes in the
environment, power supply fluctuations, and aging and deterioration of
components.

 Power Amplification
Control of a high-power load from a low-power command signal.

 Remote Control/Shaft Repeater


Control of an output from a remotely located input, without the use of
mechanical linkages.
Basic components of Servomechanism
 All servomechanisms have at least these basic components: a command
device, an error detector, an error-signal amplifier, a feedback element
and a device to perform any necessary error corrections ( the
servomotor ). The command device receives information, usually from
outside the system, that represents the desired position of the controlled
device. This information is converted to a form usable by the system (such
as a voltage) and is fed to the same error detector as is the signal from
the controlled device. The error detector compares the feedback signal
(representing actual position) with the command signal (representing
desired position). Any discrepancy results in an error signal that
represents the correction necessary to bring the controlled device to its
desired position. The error-correction signal is sent to an amplifier, and the
amplified voltage is used to drive the servomotor, which repositions the
controlled device.
Importance of Servomechanism in
Engineering
 As you know servomechanism is used to correct the performance of a
setup automatically, by means of error-sensing feedback. Therefore it
brought a new revolution in field of engineering. Servomechanisms were
first used in military

 Such as antiaircraft radar tracking control system.


Servomechanism in Automobiles

A servo is used in automobiles to amplify the steering or braking force


applied by the driver. However, these devices are not true servos, but
rather mechanical amplifiers. Now a day’s electromechanical system are
used in vehicles to improve the performance and safety.

Types of Servo in Automobile:

 Pneumatic
 Hydraulic
Importance in automobile
Hydraulic-vacuum servo
Braking system:

servo (brake booster)


 Connected with master cylinder.
 Consists of 2 chambers separated by
diaphragm.
 Vacuum and Air.
 When pedal is pressed hydraulic from master
cylinder
enters into servo and opens the air control
valve.
 The result is additional force pushing the
piston
of main brake cylinder, slight press upon
pedal
will be amplified through servo
 You can check importance of servo
mechanism by your self.
 Stop the engine and press the brake
pedal you will feel difficulty in it.
Position sensors in Automobile

Explaining this principle; we frequently use the steering of an automobile


as an active servo system. I don't mean the proportional hydraulic control
of the power steering system. The person behind the wheel does not
calculate how many degrees of rotation the steering wheel must be turned
for taking that five degree right hand banked turn that I'm approaching.
All of the parameters of how quickly to turn, how far to turn and when to
turn are done by feedback through the grey matter processor of the driver
monitoring if the car stays in lane. Some systems in a car now have silicon
processors doing some feedback control.
Active Body Control System
(ABC)
 ABC is basically an advance chassis technology
introduced by Mercedes-Benz.
 This system monitors how much car dips or lifts
during acceleration, braking n making sharp turns.
 This system will correct any problems involving
positioning of the vehicle to prevent car from losing
control.
 Components:
sensors(13)
microprocessor gets information from sensors, check
whether vehicle is in safe or unsafe situation and
directs signal to hydraulic servo to correct vehicle’s
positioning.
hydraulic mechanism(4)(uses automatic feedback to
correct the position of vehicle with in fraction of
seconds by counter balancing the positioning).
 The four spring struts are equipped with
microprocessor-controlled plunger cylinders which
almost completely compensate yawing, pitching and
rolling movements of the vehicle body.
Some properties of ABC

 The system also incorporates height adjustable suspension, which in this


case lowers the vehicle up to eleven millimeters between the speeds of 60
km/h (37 mph) and 160 km/h (99 mph) for better aerodynamics, fuel
consumption, and handling.

 The ABC system also allows self-leveling suspension, which raises or


lowers the vehicle in response to changing load (i.e. the loading or
unloading of passengers or cargo.

etc….
Electronic Fuel Injector
 All fuel injection systems include air-flow metering devices to control the quantity
of fuel discharged through throttle flow devices called "injectors”.

 Electric-injectors consist of a solenoid-operated valve which quantifies flow into a


nozzle from a constant pressure source by the amount of time it is opened.

 The main object of this invention is to implement "closed-loop" fuel injection for
spark-ignition engines.

 An electronic fuel injection system includes an electrically-driven fuel pump which


supplies and develops the fuel pressure necessary for the system.

 The fuel is injected by solenoid-operated fuel injection valves into the cylinder
intake port.

 The injection valves are controlled by an Electronic Control Unit (ECU) which
governs the amount of fuel injected by the length of time they stay open from a
constant pressure source.

 The quantity of fuel flow only dependent upon the fuel pressure to the injector.
Electronic Fuel Injector
Conclusion
servo is a mechanical or electromechanical system for control of the
position or speed of an output. Negative feedback is incorporated to
minimize discrepancies between the output state and the input control
setting An Automatic device used to correct the performance of a
mechanism by means of an error-sensing feedback. The term
servomechanism properly applies only to systems in which the feedback
and error-correction signals control mechanical position or one of its
derivatives such as velocity or acceleration’s a type of control system that
automatically corrects errors in the position, velocity, or acceleration of an
object. Industry uses servomechanisms to control automatic machines
such as robots.
Thank You

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen