TO BE *( Estudia bien estos dos cuadros, pero antes termina de completarlos)

El verbo 'To be' tiene una importancia especial en ingls. Se corresponde a los verbos espaoles "ser" y "estar". Dependiendo del
sentido de la frase deduciremos de cual de los dos se trata.er" y "estar". Dependiendo del sentido de la frase deduciremos de cual de
los dos se trata.
I am English / Soy ingls
I am in England / Estoy en Inglaterra
Tiene algunos usos especiales distintos a sus equivalentes espaoles.
- Sirve para expresar la edad, en cuyo caso se traduce por 'tener':
Mary is 20 years old / Maria tiene 20 aos
I am 21 / Yo tengo 21 aos
How old are you? / Cuntos aos tienes?
- Para expresar las sensaciones tambin se emplea el verbo 'to be' y equivale al 'tener' espaol.
Are you hungry? / Tienes hambre?
He is thirsty / Tiene sed
- Tambin para hablar sobre el tiempo atmosfrico. En este caso se traduce por 'hacer'
It's windy / Hace viento
It's very cold / Hace mucho fro
PRESENTE DE INDICATIVO * COMPLETE AND STUDY
FORMA AFIRMATIVA
I am (I'm)
soy, estoy
you are (you're)
eres, ests
he is (he's)

FORMA NEGATIVA
I am not (I'm not)
no soy, no estoy
you are not (you're not)
no eres, no ests
he is not (he's not)

we are (we're)

we are not (we're not)

no somos, no estamos
you are not (you're not)

you are (you're)

sois, estis
they are (they're)
ell@s son, estn

they are not (they're not)

FORMA INTERROGATIVA
am I?
soy yo?, estoy yo?
are you?
eres t?, ests t?
is he?
es l?, est l?
are we?
are you?
are they?

PRETERITO (se corresponde al pretrito indefinido y al pretrito imperfecto espaol) *COMPLETE AND STUDY
FORMA AFIRMATIVA
I was
fui, era / estuve, estaba
you were
fuiste, eras / estuviste, estabas
he was
fue, era / estuvo, estaba
we were

you were
fuisteis, erais, / estuvisteis, estabais
they were

FORMA NEGATIVA
I was not (I wasn't)
no fui, no era / no estuve, no estaba
you were not (you weren't)
no fuiste, no eras / no estuviste, no
estabas
he was not (he wasn't)
we were not (we weren't)
no fuimos, no ramos, / no estuvimos,
no estbamos
you were not (you weren't)

FORMA INTERROGATIVA
was I?
fui?, era? / estuve?, estaba?
were you?

was he?
fue?, era? / estuvo?. estaba?
were we?
fuimos?, ramos? / estuvimos?, estbamos
were you?
fuisteis?, erais?, / estuvisteis?, estabais?

they were not (they weren't)

were they?
no fueron, no eran / no estuvieron, no
estaban
En el Presente, las formas afirmativa y negativa se pueden contraer, mientras que en la forma interrogativa no. En el pretrito
solamente la forma negativa puede contraerse.

HAVE GOT *(Estudia bien estos cuadros, pero antes termina de completarlos
l verbo 'to have' tiene en espaol el significado principal de 'tener' y 'haber'(Este uso no lo vamos a
estudiar ) Puede tener tambin otros significados, como 'tomar'. Conoceremos su traduccin
apropiada dependiendo del sentido de la frase.
I have a new car / Tengo un coche nuevo
I have coffee / Tomo caf
Algunas personas, sobre todo al sur de Inglaterra, suelen aadir 'got'
PRESENTE DE INDICATIVO *COMPLETE AND STUDY
FORMA AFIRMATIVA
I have got (I've got)
tengo
you have got(you've got)
tienes
he has got (he's got)
we have got (we've got)

FORMA NEGATIVA
FORMA INTERROGATIVA
I have not got (I haven't got) have I got?
no tengo
tengo?
you have not got(you haven't
have you got?
got)
tienes?
he has not got (he hasn't got) has he got?
tiene?
we have not got (we haven't
have we got?
got)

tenemos
you have not got (you
have you got?
haven't)
no tenis

they have not got (they

they havegot (they've got)
have they got?
haven't got)
tienen
no tienen
Oberva que la tercera persona singular se forma de manera irregular (cambia de 'have' a 'has').
you have got (you've got)

EL PRETRITO (que corresponde en espaol al pretrito indefinido y al pretrito imperfecto)

*COMPLETE AND STUDY
FORMA AFIRMATIVA
I had
tuve, tena
you had

She had
Ella tuvo; tena
we had

She had no (she hadn't)

FORMA INTERROGATIVA
had I?
tuve?, tena?
had you?
tuviste?, tenas?
had he?
tuvo?, tena?
had she?

we had not (we hadn't)

had we?

You had

You had not (you hadn't)

had you?

he had

They had

FORMA NEGATIVA
I had not (I hadn't)
/ no tuve, no tena
you had not (you hadn't)
/no tuviste, no tenas
he had not (he hadn't)

They had no(they hadn't)

Had they?

*RECUERDA QUE TIENES

QUE TRADUCIR TODAS LAS

HOJAS DE VOCABULARIO
DESCRIBING PEOPLE
(traduce este vocabulario y aprndelo. Despus haz las actividades)
PEOPLE

THE FACE

THE BODY

a man

blue eyes

tall

a woman

green eyes

short

a boy

long hair

fat

a girl

short hair

thin

children

brown hair

a student

blonde hair

a teacher

curly hair

a prince

straight hair

pretty

a princess

a big nose

good looking

a friend

small ears

ugly

Mum

a mouth

friendly

Dad

a moustache

bad tempered

Brother

a beard

angry

sister

glasses

forgetful

OTHER ADJECTIVES
beautiful

clever
silly
POSSESIVES

QUESTIONS

my

Who's this?

your

What colour eyes has she got?

His

What colour hair has he got?

her
their

COMPLETE WITH: He is/ He isn't/She is /She isn't/He has got/he

hasn't got;she has got/she hasn't got;his/her

1. Who is this?_________Shrek. ___________ small.

________ big and green.__________ hair._______ a big
mouth.
2.Who is this? __________Fiona. _________ a princess.
_________ a teacher.________ green at night.___ hai r
is red._________ short hair.

3.Who's this? _________ Ferb. __________ Phineas.

______ a man. _________ a boy._______ eyes aren't
small.

4. Who's this? __________ Candace. _______ a teacher.

________ a student. ________ a girl. ________ a
woman.________ fat. _________ long, straight hair.
Isabella isn't _____ sister.

5._______ Harry Potter. _________ a girl.

__________ a boy. ________ a student._______ thin.
________ glasses._______ a beard and a moustache.
Hermione is ______ friend.

1. THE WEATHER
2. It's sunny
3. it's warm
4. it's very sunny
5. it's hot
6. it's raining
7. it's windy
8. it's snowing
9. it's cold
10. it's wet
11. it's cloudy
MONTHS OF THE YEAR
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December

ACTIONS
go
go out
walk
go out
swim
play
fly
start
finish

OTHERS
before
after
kite
bike
leaves
snow
snowman
inside
outside
Christmas
Easter

SEASONS
Sring
Summer
Autumn
Winter

CAN (Poder o saber)

Este verbo lo vamos a usar para indicar si se puede o no hacer algo y para expresar la
habilidad de hacer o no algo
I can
puedo; s
I can't ................................................
You can ......................................

you can't..............................................

he can .......................................... he can't................................................

she can ........................................ she can't..............................................
it can ........................................... It can't .............................................
we can ......................................... we can't.................................................
you can .......................................

you can't...............................................

they can......................................... they can't...............................................

QUESTIONS
What's the weather like?-It's sunny and hot
What can you do in summer? I can swim in the sea
When can you play with the leaves in the park? In Autumn

WRITE THE SEASON

. You celebrate Christmas ....................................................................
. You celebrate Halloween..........................................................................
. There are birds and flowers and it's warm.........................................
. You can swim in the sea ..........................................................................
. You can play with the leaves in the park .............................................
. You can make a snowman.............................................................................
. There is snow.................................................................................................
. It's very sunny and hot. ............................................................................
. It's snowy and and very cold.......................................................................
. You finish school...............................................................................................
. You celebrate Easter.......................................................................................
. It starts in September and it isn't warm or cold. ..............................
. It starts in December and it's cold............................................................
. It starts in March and it's warm................................................................
WRITE THE MONTH
. Christmas is in ..........................................

. Halloween is in ............................

. The 8th month of the yearis .........................

. You finish school in .....................

. St. Valentine's day is in ..........................

. Spring starts in ...........................

. You start school in .................................

. The year starts in ..........................

. The month before December is ................

. You can eat Easter eggs in ..................

. The month after June is ......................

. The 5th month of the year is ................

CIRCLE THE RIGHT SENTENCE

1.

It's cloudy
It's raining

5. It's cloudy
It's sunny

2. It's sunny
It's snowing

6 .It's raining
It's snowing

3. It's raining
It's cold

7. It's hot
It's cold

4. It's windy
It's hot

8. It s windy
It's raining

ANIMALS
a cat
a dog
a hen
a chick
a cow
a sheep
a horse
a mouse
some mice
a bird
a fish
a tortoise
a bear
a lion
a tiger
a monkey
an elephant
a crocodile
a hippo
a frog
a parrot
a penguin
a giraffe

VERBS
eat
drink
swim
jump high
run fast
walk
fly
live
do

OTHERS
jungle
forest
houses
water
sea
river
the Pole
insects
meat
grass
leaves
other animals

DESCRIPTIONS
head
teeth
neck
legs
wings
tail
ears

Recuerda que en ingls siempre debemos poner un sujeto delante del verbo,
aunque en espaol no sea necesario.
Cuando hablamos de animales o cosas utilizamos IT , siempre que sea singular
It's a dog
Es un perro
It can run and jump
Puede correr y saltar
Cuando hablamos de algn animal en plural, usamos THEY, como con las personas
They are elephants
Son elefantes
They live in Africa or Asia
Viven en Africa o Asia
...................................................................................................................................................
QUESTIONS
What's this?
Where does it live?
What does it eat
What can it do?

GUESS THE ANIMAL

1. It's very big. It hasn't got big ears. It ldrinks lots of water. It can swim and
walk. It's a __________________
2. It's very tall. It got a very long neck and very long legs. It eats leaves. It
can't swim. It's yellow and brown. It's a _______________
3. It isn't very big. It can live in the jungle. It can jump on the trees. It has got
two legs and two arms. It eats bananas. It's a ________________
4. It's black and white. It's got two legs and two wings. It can walk very fast and
it can swim, but it can't fly. It eats fish. It lives in the pole. It's a ___________
5. It's small and green. It eats insects. It can jump and swim. It lives in the
water and outside. It's got two short legs and two long legs. It's a ___________

DESCRIBE THESE ANIMALS

.......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

EL PRESENTE DE INDICATIVO (Simple Present)

Se forma en ingls con el infinitivo del verbo sin 'to' (forma bsica) para todas las personas, a excepcin de la tercera
persona singular que aade una -s final:
I play
Yo juego
You play
T juegas
l juega
He plays
Nosotros jugamos
We play
Vosotros jugis
You play
They play
Ellos juegan
Cuando el verbo termina en -s, -ss, -sh, -o, -ch, -x se aade a la tercera persona singular la terminacin '-es'. Cuando
termina en 'y' precedida de consonante cambia la 'y' por 'ies'
I wash up/ Yo lavo los platos
She washes up/ Ella lava los platos
I tidy/ Yo ordeno He tidies his bedroom / l ordena su cuarto
FORMAS NEGATIVA, INTERROGATIVA E INTERROGATIVA-NEGATIVA
A diferencia del espaol, para su construccin se recurre al verbo 'to do' que realiza una funcin auxiliar. En la tercera
persona la forma 'do' cambia a 'does'.
NEGATIVA: sujeto + auxiliar + not + forma bsica *TERMINA DE COMPLETAR
I do not play

I don't play

You do not play

You don't play

He does not play

He doesn't play

No juego

She does not play

It does not play

No juega(referido a animal o cosa

We do not play
You do not play
They do not play
INTERROGATIVA: auxiliar + sujeto + forma bsica
Do I play?
Do you play?
Does he play?
.......................
Do we play?
Do you play?
........................

Juego yo?
Juegas t?
Juega l?
Juega ella?
Jugaos nosotros?
Jugis vosotros?
Juegan ellos?

EL PRESENTE CONTINUO (PRESENT CONTINUOUS)

El presente continuo o progresivo se forma con el presente del auxiliar 'to be' y el gerundio del
verbo que se quiere conjugar:
I am reading a book / Estoy leyendo un libro
Helen is phoning a friend / Helen est telefoneando a un amigo
a.) La forma negativa aade la partcula 'not' al auxiliar:
I am not reading a book / No estoy leyendo un libro
Helen is not phoning a friend / Helen no est telefoneando a un amigo
b.) La forma interrogativa invierte el sujeto y el auxiliar:
Am I reading a book? / Estoy yo leyendo un libro?
Is Helen phoning a friend? / Est Helen telefoneando a un amigo?

DAILY ROUTINES
get up
have a shower
have lunch
go to school
start school
have lunch
finish school
study
do homework
watch TV
walk the dog

FRECUENCY
THE TIME
always
...... o'clock
never
half past ..........
sometimes
quarter past ........
often
five past ............
every day
ten past ..............
once a week
twenty past............
twice a month
twenty-five past...........
three times a year
quarter to ................
in the morning
twenty- five to ..........
in the afternoon
twenty to ................
in the evening
at night
ten to .................
water the plants
DAYS OF THE WEEK
five to ...................
wash the dishes
Monday
have dinner
Tuesday
go to bed
Wednesday
sleep
Thursday
do sports
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
* Cuando decimos a la hora que hacemos algo usamos la preposicin AT
I get up at quarter past seven
Me levanto a las siete y cuarto
* Cuando nos referimos al da de la semana en que hacemos algo usamos la
preposicin ON
We do sports on Mondays and Wednesdays
Hacemos deporte los lunes
y los miercoles
........................................................................................................................................................
QUESTIONS
.What time do you have breakfast?
.What does he play on Tuesdays at the sports centre?
.How often do they drink milk?
.When does he study?
. Where do you walk your dog?
. What do they have for dinner?

SENTENCES
1. I wash the dishes every day after lunch
.......................................................................................................................................................
2. He does his homework and watches TV after school.
.......................................................................................................................................................
3. They water the plants twice a week
......................................................................................................................................................
4. We start school at nine o'clock and we finish at half past two
......................................................................................................................................................
5. She doesn't have a shower after breakfast
.......................................................................................................................................................
6. Ellos no etudian los domingos. Estudian los lunes
......................................................................................................................................................
7. Ella no come carne. Come pescado
.......................................................................................................................................................
8. Me acuesto a las doce menos cuarto. No duermo en el sof.
......................................................................................................................................................
9. Almorzamos siempre a las dos y cuarto. No comemos en el saln
......................................................................................................................................................
10. Mis hermanos a veces juegan al ftbol los sbados por la maana.
........................................................................................................................................................
11. Los elefantes no comen carne. Comen hierba.
........................................................................................................................................................
12. Mi perro no bebe leche. Duerme en mi habitacin
.......................................................................................................................................................