Configuring Windows Server 2008 Applications Platform

Knowledge Assessment Fill in the Blank

Complete the following exercise by filling in the blanks with the appropriate terms from this lesson. 1. When a magnetic tape drive receives data from the computer at too slow a speed, it must continually stop and start the tape, a condition known as __________. 2. By default, a recovery of the system state performed in a standard Windows session is a __________ restore. 3. In a business open during regular daytime hours, the time between 5:00 P.M. and 9:00 A.M. is known to backup administrators as the __________. 4. Magnetic tape drives that use __________ record data in diagonal stripes across the tape. 5. When you use a combination of __________ and __________ jobs, you will never need more than two tapes to perform a restore. 6. Incremental and differential jobs use __________ filtering to select files for backup. 7. One of the most common media rotation methods used by backup software products is the __________ method. 8. A device that automatically inserts tapes into a tape drive is called a __________ or a __________. 9. To perform an authoritative restore, you must restart the computer in __________. 10. The first backup job for any particular set of targets is always a __________ job.

Answers
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. shoeshining nonauthoritative backup window helical scanning full backup, differential backup archive bit Grandfather-Father-Son autoloader, tape library Directory Services Restore Mode

10. full backup

Multiple Choice
Select one or more correct answers for each of the following questions. 1. To recover group policy objects that you have accidentally deleted, you must use which of the following tools? a. c. Server Manager Windows Server Backup console b. Group Policy Management console d. Wbadmin.exe

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Group policy objects (GPOs) are a special case. You cannot use the authoritative restore procedure to restore GPOs that you have deleted. To back up and restore GPOs, you must use the Group Policy Management console. 2. Which of the following backup job types does not reset the archive bits on the files that it copies to the backup medium? a. c. full differential b. incremental d. all of the above A full backup backs up all files to the storage medium and resets their archive bits. An incremental backup backs up only the files that have changed since the last full or incremental backup and resets their archive bits. A differential backup backs up only the files that have changed since the last full backup and does not reset their archive bits. 3. Which of the following is the criterion most commonly used to filter files for backup jobs? a. c. file name file size b. file extension d. file attributes Most backup programs rely primarily on archive attribute filtering for performing backups, which enables them to back up only the files that have changed since the last backup. This type of filter is the basis for incremental and differential backup jobs. 4. What are the three elements in the Grandfather-Father-Son media rotation system? a. c. hard disk drives, DVD-ROM drives, and magnetic tape drives monthly, weekly, and daily backup jobs b. full, incremental, and differential backup jobs d. DAT, DLT, and LTO tape drives One of the most common media rotation schemes is called the Grandfather-Father-Son method. In this method, the terms grandfather, father, and son refer to monthly, weekly, and daily tapes, respectively. 5. Magnetic tape drives most commonly use which of the following drive interfaces? a. c. SCSI SATA b. USB d. IEEE 1394 Backup devices can use any of the standard computer interfaces, such as Parallel Advanced Technology Attachment (PATA), Serial ATA (SATA), USB, IEEE 1394, and Small Computer System Interface (SCSI). In most cases, optical drives and internal hard disk drives use PATA or SATA, and external hard drives use USB or IEEE 1394. Magnetic tape drives are available that use any of these interfaces, but the vast majority of them use SCSI. 6. Which of the following backup job types is not supported by the Windows Server Backup feature in Windows Server 2008? a. full b. incremental

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c.

differential

d. none of the above Windows Server Backup does not enable you to perform full, incremental, and differential backups on a per-job basis. You can configure all of your backups to be either full or incremental, or select full or incremental for each target volume. The program does not support differential jobs. 7. Which of the following is the average data compression ratio typically used by backup drive manufacturers? a. c. 1:1 7:1 b. 2:1 d. 10:1 Different file formats compress at different rates. Executables and other program files typically compress at about a 2:1 ratio, while uncompressed images and media files might compress at much higher rates, such as 7:1. The 2:1 ratio that drive manufacturers use is therefore a reasonable average. 8. The best magnetic tape drives on the market can hold approximately how much data on a single tape? a. c. 1020 GB 200400 GB b. 6080 GB d. 8001000 GB A state-of-the-art magnetic tape drive today has a single-tape capacity of 800 to 1000 GB and a maximum transfer speed of 60 to 120 MB/sec (megabytes per second). 9. Optical disks are not a suitable backup medium for large-capacity servers for which of the following reasons? a. c. insufficient disk capacity lack of backup software support b. insufficient speed d. all of the above The primary drawback of optical disks is their capacity. CD-ROMs are limited to approximately 800 MB of storage, which is inadequate for all but the smallest servers. The standard DVD writers supplied with most computers can write 4.7 GB to a single disk, but higher-end DVD standards support up to 17 GB per disk. 10. Which of the following devices can Windows Server Backup use for a backup drive? a. c. magnetic tape drives external hard disk drives b. optical disk drives d. remote network shares Windows Server Backup does not support magnetic tape drives and can back up only to optical drives or network shares during a single backup. The program is designed primarily for use with external hard disk drives, using a USB or IEEE 1394 connection.

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Review Questions
1. How does a magnetic tape autoloader increase the overall storage capacity of a backup solution? An autoloader increases the storage capacity by automatically inserting and removing tapes from a tape drive. 2. Give two reasons why is it best to perform backups when the organization is closed. Backing up during off hours makes it less likely for the backup job to skip files because they are locked open, and it minimizes the impact of the system and network resources consumed by the backup process.

Case Scenarios Scenario 12-1: Designing a Network Backup Solution

Alice is a consultant for a client who wants to install a new network backup system. The clients network has five servers containing company data, with a total capacity of 2000 GB. Roughly a third of the data consists of databases that are updated continually during business hours. The rest is archival data that seldom changes. The company works three shifts during the week, so there is a relatively small backup window of two hours, from 2:00 A.M. to 4:00 A.M. However, the IT department only works from 9:00 A.M. to 5:00 P.M. The company is closed on weekends. The client wants all new data to be protected every night. Alice is planning to purchase a magnetic tape drive for the client, as well as a comprehensive network backup software package. The tape drives Alice has been evaluating are as follows: A DDS 160 drive with a maximum capacity of 160 GB and a transfer speed of 6.9 MB/sec An SDLT 320 drive with a maximum capacity of 320 GB and a maximum transfer speed of 16 GB/sec An LTO Ultrium drive with a maximum capacity of 800 GB and a transfer speed of 120 MB/sec

Specify what types of backup jobs Alice should perform each night and which of the tape drives would enable the company to back up its servers with the greatest convenience. A full backup once a week, on the weekend, and incremental jobs each weeknight would provide adequate protection for the clients servers. Because roughly one-third of the servers data changes each day, each incremental job must back up approximately 660 GB during the two-hour window each night. Only the LTO Ultrium drive has the capacity to hold the entire incremental job on a single tape and the speed to back up 660 GB during the limited backup window.

Scenario 12-2: Recovering from a Disaster

Ralph is a server administrator for a company that uses the Grandfather-Father-Son media rotation method to back up its network. On arriving at the office on Friday morning, Ralph discovers that the hard disk on one of his servers has failed, causing all of its data to be lost. The first thing he does is to install a new hard disk drive into the server and install the operating system. Then, checking the backup logs, he sees that the last grandfather job was a full backup performed three weeks ago, on the first day of the month. The most recent father job was a full backup performed the previous Sunday. The son jobs are incremental backups that are performed every weeknight. All of the incrementals for that week completed successfully, except for Tuesday nights job, because Ralph failed to insert the appropriate tape into the backup drive. Describe the

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procedure Ralph must perform to restore all of the lost data on the failed disk, by specifying the tapes he must use and the order in which he must restore them. Ralph must restore the most recent father backup and then restore the Monday, Wednesday, and Thursday son incrementals performed since that full backup.

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