Tabla 2.1.- Factores de conversin de unidades.

Longitud

rea
2

1 km = 0.62137 mi = 3281 ft = 1000 m

1 km = 247.1044 acres = 0.3861006 millas

1 mi = 1.60935 km = 5280 ft = 8 furlongs

1 milla = 640 acres = 2.589998 km

1 m = 3.2808333 ft = 39.3700 pg = 1.09361 yd

1 acre = 0.4046873 ha = 4,046.873 m = 43,560 ft

1 ft = 0.3048006096 m

1m = 10.76387 ft = 1550 pg

2
2

1 cm = 0.3937 pg = 10 A = 10000 = 393.7 mm

1 ft = 0.09290341 m

1 pg = 2.54000508 cm = 25400 = 25400 m

1 cm = 0.001076387 ft = 0.15499969 pg = 154,999.7 mm

1 m =1 =10 m

1pg = 6.4516258 cm = 10 mil

-6

Densidad relativa del aceite en grados API

API

Viscosidad
6

1 mPa.s = 1 cp = 6.895 x10 lb.s/ft

141.5
131.5
densidad relativa 60 / 60 F

-6

-6

1 lb.s/ft = 0.1450 x 10 cp = 0.145010 mPa.s

Donde la densidad relativa 60/60 F, significa la densidad

relativa del aceite a 60 F respecto a la densidad del agua a 1 mPa.s = 1 cP = densidad.cSt
60 F

Volumen

Presin

1 m = 6.28983 Bl = 264.173 gal = 35.31333 ft = 1000 lts

3

1 Bl 0.15899 m = 42 gal = 5.61458 ft = 158.99 lts

3

1 lt = 0.26417022 gal = 61.02329 pg = 1 dm

1 gal = 3.785434 lts = 231 pg = 3785.434 cm

3

1 ft = 28.31701 lts = 1728 pg = 7.48052 gal

1 kPa = 0.1450 lb/pg = 0.0102 kg/cm = 0.0100 bar = 0.0098 atm

2

1 lb/pg = 6.8948 kPa = 0.0703 kg/cm = 0.0689 bar = 0.0680 atm

2

1 kg/cm = 98.0665 kPa = 14.2223 lb/pg = 0.9806 bar = 0.9678 atm

2

1 bar = 100 kPa = 14.5030 lb/pg = 1.0197 kg/cm = 0.9869 atm

2

1 atm = 101.325 kPa = 14.6959 lb/pg = 1.0333 kg/cm = 1.0133 bar

1 quart = 946.3529 cm = 0.25 gal

3

1 acre-ft = 1233.49 m = 43560 ft = 7758.37 Bl

Densidad
3

Gradiente de presin

1 kg/dm = 1 g/cm = 62.428 lb/ft = 8.3304 lb/gal

3

1 lb/ft = 0.0160 g/cm = 0.1334 lb/gal

3

1 lb/gal = 0.1200 g/cm = 7.4940 lb/ft

1 kPa/m = 0.0476 lb/pg /ft = 0.0102 kg/cm /m

2

1 lb/pg /ft = 21.0207 kPa/m = 0.2311 kg/cm /m

2

1 kg/cm /m = 98.0665 kPa/m = 4.3349 lb/pg /ft

2

lb/pg /ft = 0.433 x densidad (g/cm )

lb/pg /ft = 0.0069 x densidad (lb/ft )

2

lb/pg /ft = 0.0519 x densidad (lb/gal)

3

kPa/m = 9.8066 x densidad (g/cm )

3

bar/m = 0.0981 x densidad (g/cm )

Presin hidrosttica
3

ph (kPa) = densidad del lodo (kg/dm ) x 9.80665 x prof (m)

2

ph (lb/pg ) = densidad del lodo (lb/gal) x 0.0519 x prof (ft)

Sistema ingles / campo

1 ft = 12 pg
1 mi = 5280 ft
1 acre = 43560 ft

1 mi = 640 acres
1 Bl = 42 gal = 5.6146 ft
2

3
2

1 lb = 32.174 lbm x ft /s
2

1 psi = 1 lb/pg = 144 lb/ft

1 atm = 14.696 lb/pg

2
2

1 BTU = 778.17 lb-ft = 25037 lbm-ft /s

1 hp = 42.41 BTU/min

L = 141.5/(131.5+API) , agua = 1
L = 8.34 pg = 62.4 lbm/ft3
1 lbm-mol = 493.52 mol
3

1 lbm-mol = 380 ft C.R

Conversin de Temperatura
F=1.8(C) + 32

F 32
1.8

R=F+459.69
K=C+273.16

Equivalencias comunmente usadas

1 gal de agua pesa 8.34 lbf
3

1 ft de agua pesa 62.4 lbf

3

1 pg de Hg pesa 0.491 lbf

3

la masa de 1 m de agua es 1,000 kg

Tabla 2.2.- Factores de unidades de conversin.

Multiplicar

por

Multiplicar

por

se obtiene

se obtiene

acre
ngstrom

43,560
1 x 10

ft

-10

J/s

1.0

kg

2.20462

lbm

atm

1.013250

bar

kip

1,000

lb

atm

76.0

cm Hg

kip

4,448

atm

33.90

ft agua

kJ

0.9478

Btu

atm

29.92

pg Hg

kJ

737.56

ft-lb

atm

14.696

pg

kJ/kg

0.42992

Btu/lbm

atm

101.3

kPa

kJ / kgK

0.23885

Btu/lbm-R

atm

1.013x10

Pa

km

3,280.8

ft

bar

0.9869

atm

km

0.6214

mi

bar

10

Pa

km/h

0.6214

mi/h

Btu

778.17

ft-lb

kPa

9.8693x10

atm

Btu

1055

kPa

0.14504

lb/pg

Btu

2.928x10

kW-h

kW

3,413

Btu/h

Btu

10

calor

kW

0.9481

Btu/s

Btu/h

0.216

ft-lb / s

kW

737.6

ft-lb/s

Btu/h

3.929x10

hp

kW

1.341

hp

Btu/h

0.2931

kW-h

3,413

Btu

Btu/lbm

2.326

kJ / kg

kW-h

3.6x10

Btu/hR

4.1868

kJ / kgK

lt

0.03531

ft

cal (g-cal)

3.968x10

Btu

lt

61.02

pg

cal (g-cal)

4.1868

lt

0.2642

gal

cm

0.03281

ft

lt

0.001

-4

-5

-4

-3

-3

cm

0.3937

eV

1.602 x 10

ft

0.3048

ft

ft

-19

2.2957x10

-5

7.481
-3

lt/s

2.119

ft /min

lt/s

15.85

gal/min

lb

4.4482

acre

lb/pg

0.06805

atm

gal

lb/pg

2.307

ft agua

Btu

lb/pg

2.036

pg Hg

lb/pg

6894.8

Pa

kW - h

lbm

0.4536

kg

lbm/ft

0.016018

g/cm

lbm/ft

16.018

kg/cm

3.280830

ft

m/s

196.8

ft/min

mi

5,280

ft

mi

1.6093

km

micrn

1x10

ft-lb

1.285x10

ft-lb

1.35582

ft-lb

3.766x10

ft-lb

1.3558

N.m

gal

0.13368

ft

gal

3.785

gal

3.7854x10

gal/min

0.002228

ft /s

-7

-3

pg

g/cm

1,000

kg/m

g/cm

62.428

lbm/ft

hp

2,545

Btu/hr

0.22481

lb

hp

33,000

ft-lb/min

N-m

0.7376

ft-lb

hp

550

ft-lb/s

N-m

1.0

hp

0.7457

kW

Pa

1.4504x10

hp-h

2545

Btu

calor

10

Btu

pg

2.54

cm

3.413

Btu/h

9.478x10

-4

Btu

0.7376

ft-lb/s

6.2415x10

18

eV

1.341x10

hp

0.737560

ft-lb

1.0

J/s

1.0

N-m

-6

-4

-3

lb/pg

Tabla 2.3.- Constantes fundamentales.

Cantidad

Smbolo

Ingls

SI

Carga
-19

-19

Electrn

-1.6022 x10

Protn

+1.6021 x10

Densidad
3

1.29 kg/m

1.20 kg/m

Aire[STP, 32F, (0C)]

0.0805 lbm/ft

Aire[70F,(20C),1 atm]

0.0749 lbm/ft

Tierra

345 lbm/ft

Mercurio

849 lbm/ft

Agua de mar

64.0 lbm/ft

Agua

62.4 lbm/ft

5,520 x10 kg/m

1,025 kg/m

1,000 kg/m

Distancia
7

6.370 x10 m

3.84 x10 m

11

1.49 x10 m

1.74 x10 m

6.96 x10 m

Radio de la tierra

2.09 x 10 ft

Distacia de la tierra a la luna

1.26 x 10 ft

Distancia de la tierra al sol

4.89 x 10 ft

Radio de la luna

5.71 x 10 ft

Radio del sol

2.28 x 10 ft

Primer radio de Bohr

a0

1.736 x 10

-10

11

ft

5.292 x10

-11

Aceleracin gravitacional
Tierra

32.174 (32.2) ft/s

2

Luna

5.47 ft / s

9.8067 (9.81) m / s
2

1.67 m / s

Masa
Masa atmica unitaria

-27

lbm

25

Tierra
Electrn

3.66 x 10

1.32 x 10 lbm
me

2.008 x 10

-30

lbm

23

Luna

1.623 x10 lbm

1.6606 x10

-27

kg

24

6.00 x10 kg
9.109 x10

-31

kg

22

7.36 x10 kg

Neutron

mn

3.693 x 10

-27

lbm

1.675 x10

-27

kg

Protn

mp

3.688 x 10

-27

lbm

1.673 x10

-27

kg

30

30

Sol

4.387 x 10 lbm

1.99 x10 kg

Presin, atmosfrica

14.696(14.7) lb/pg

Temperatura, estandar

32 F (492 R)

1.0133 x10 Pa
0 C (273 K)

Velocidad
Escape de la tierra

1.12 x10 m / s

3.67 x10 ft/s

Vaco

9.84 x10 ft/s

2.999792(3.00) x10 m / s

Sonido (aire, STP)

1,090 ft/s

331 m / s

1,130 ft/s

344 m / s

Aire, 70F(20C)

Volumen, molar, gas ideal (STP)

Vm

22.414 m / kmol

359 ft /lbm-mol
22414 L / kmol

Constantes fundamentales
23

-1

Numero de Avogadro

NA

6.022 x10 mol

Magneton de Bohr

9.2732 x10

-24

J/T

Constante de Boltzmann

1.3807 x10

-23

J/T

Constante de Faraday

Constante gravitacional

gc

32.174 lbm-ft/lb-s

Constante gravitacional

3.44 x10 ft /lb-s

Magneton nuclear

Permeabilidad al vaci

Permeabilidad al vaci

Constante de Planck

Constante de Rydberg

Constante del gas especifico, aire

5.65 x10

-24

ft-lb /R

96,485 C /mol
2

-8

6.673 x10

-11

N m / kg

5.050 x10

-27

J/T

-6

1.2566 x10 N / A (H/m)

8.854 x10

-12

C /N m (F/m)

6.6256 x10

-34

J*s

-1

1.097 x10 m
53.3 ft-lb/lbm-R
-9

287 J / kg K
4

-8

Constante de Stefan-boltzmann

1.71 x10 btu /ft -h-R

Punto triple, agua

32.02 F, 0.0888 psia

0.01109 C, 0.6123 kPa

1,545 ft-lb/lbmol-R

8,314 J/kmol K

1.986 btu/lbmol-R

8.314 kPa m / kmol K

Constante universal del gas

5.670 x10 W/m K