Macromolecules Unit 4

Mrs. Blake at ECHS 2014

Objective
Students will identify the 4 main types of macromolecules and know how the body rearranges them to help maintain homeostasis.

4 Main types of macromolecules

1. 2. 3. 4. Carbohydrate - comes from food Lipids - comes from food Proteins - comes from food Nucleic Acids - comes from our parents

Carbohydrates
Simple large molecules made of linking sugars like glucose, fructose, and galactose. All sugars end in -ose

Carbohydrates
Depending on how the single sugars are linked different molecules can be formed.

Carbohydrates
Starch - cellulose from plants Provides structure for the plant

Carbohydrates
Your body uses these for energy because the bonds between sugars are easy to break.

Carbohydrates
Unnatural sugars like HFC and corn syrup are not broken down as easily by the body and often interfere with homeostasis.

Lipids - fats, oils and waxes

Are made of a glycerol backbone and fatty acid chains.

Lipids - fats, oils and waxes

Are essential for survival: Make up parts of all membranes in the body. Provide insulation to help regulate body temperature. Protection around organs like your heart and kidneys.

Lipids - fats, oils and waxes

help you digest the vitamins A, D, K and E. help cells communicate with each other. help make hormones.

Lipids - fats, oils and waxes

Lipids main focus is to provide energy. They contain 9 calories per gram whereas carbohydrates and proteins have 4 calories per gram.

Proteins
Are made of amino acids. The order and number of amino acids determine the proteins shape and function.

Proteins
The order and number of amino acids in a protein is determined by your DNA through a process called transcription and translation.

Proteins
Are essential to survival Make up parts of cell membranes. Help cells communicate with each other. Make up antibodies which are a part of your immune system.

Proteins
Make enzymes to speed up chemical processes like digestion. Help the process of transcription and translation. Make some types of hormones.

Proteins
Help the body to move. Help store and transport materials in the cell.

Proteins
The protein you eat is broken down into the amino acids to build more proteins, converted to glucose or lipids, or parts are converted into urea or ammonia (urine).

Nucleic Acids DNA and RNA

Are made out of nucleotides.

Nucleic Acids DNA and RNA

The type of nucleotide depends on the nucleic acid.

Nucleic Acids DNA and RNA

DNA nucleotides have the sugar deoxyribose, a phosphate group and 1 of the following nitrogen bases, Adenine Thymine Cytosine Guanine

Nucleic Acids DNA and RNA

RNA nucleotide has the sugar ribose, a phosphate group and 1 of the following nitrogen bases. Adenine Uracil Cytosine Guanine

Nucleic Acids DNA and RNA

Half of your DNA comes from each parent.

Nucleic Acids DNA and RNA

Are essential to survival. DNA directs the activities of the cell through making proteins. DNA tells the cell when to divide. RNA helps DNA make proteins

Nucleic Acids DNA and RNA

DNA and RNA work together to make sure your cells work correctly together to help maintain homeostasis.

Macromolecule Video