Q. What are the processes included in metal joining process?

Welding Brazing Soldering Riveting

WELDING PROCESS Welding is a process for joining similar metals. Welding joins metals by melting and fusing 1, the base metals being joined and 2, the filler metal applied. TYPES OF WELDING Manual Metal Arc Welding Or- Shielded Metal Arc Welding (Smaw) The arc is struck between a flux covered stick electrode and the work pieces . Submerged Arc Welding: Submerged arc welding is an arc welding process in which heat is generated by an arc which is produced between bare consumable electrode wire and the work piece. Gas Metal Arc Welding: (GMAW) is the process in which arc is struck between bare wire electrode and work piece. the arc is shielded by a shielding gas and if this is inert gas such as argon or helium then it is termed as metal inert gas (mig) Metal Inert Gas The arc is shielded by a shielding gas and if this is inert gas such as argon or helium then it is termed as metal inert gas (MIG) Tungsten Inert Gas Process in which arc is generated between non consumable tungsten electrode and work piece

APPLICATIONS OF WELDING Pressure Vessels (Welding made considerable increases in the operating temperatures and pressures possible as compared to riveted pressure vessels.) ship Building Railways(for fabrication of coaches and wagons) Automobiles(Production of automobile components like chassis, body and its structure)

WELDING DEFECTS Cracks: Porosity:Cracks occur when localized stresses exceed the ultimate tensile strength of material. Porosity results when the gases are entrapped in the solidifying weld metal

Solid Inclusion:It may be in the form of slag or any other nonmetallic material entrapped in the weld metal as these may not able to float on the surface of the solidifying weld metal Imperfect Shape: Imperfect shape means the variation from the desired shape and size of the weld bead. Ex Undercut, Distortion, Overlap.

Undercutting: - It is another problem that causes welding defects. It burns away the base metal at the toe of the weld. It's caused by a current adjustment that is too high; an arc gap that is too long or failure to fill up the crater completely with weld metal.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TIG & MIG MIG Uses consumable electrode Used for stainless, aluminum, copper TIG Electrode used is non consumable Used for welding of light Steels