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It is very important cells when when to make a protein and where to nd the gene for codon for that protein. There are thousands of strands of DNA in every cell and it is amazing how cells know how to nd and create certain proteins. This only happens because of complicated processes that go on in the control room of a cell, the nucleus.! ! Cells know when and what to do because of the nucleus. The nucleus is the control center of the cell that contains information the cell uses. The information is in the form of genes that are found in chromosomes of a cell. Strands of deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA) make up the chromosomes. Every gene is made up of a specic order that contains the code for that genes function(ACS Sta", 2014). Cells know what to do because of the genes. Many of them tell the cell what kind of protein to make. Codon of the gene code for the specic proteins that is needed(Table 1). Others help regulate how much of a protein a cell will make. ! ! Specialized cells are very important to the bodys ability to function. To create proteins that allow cells to become specialized, the information from the gene has to be used in the synthesis of a functional gene product(NM Sta",2014). All known life uses the process of gene expression. Genes are used selectively by the cell. When a gene is not being used it is turned o" when those that are being used are turned on at the current moment(ACS Sta", 2014). The turning o" and on of cells is how become specialized cells like muscle cell. Environmental factors sometimes inuence when a gene is turned on or o". An example is when a rabbits fur changes color in the winter from a brown to a white and brown mixture. The environmental factor of the weather in winter turns on the genes that is needed to create the white fur on the rabbit. The rabbits white fur allows for camouage from predators. The cells have to regulate the genes in order for this to happen correctly. ! ! Gene regulation is the wide range of mechanism that are used by cells to decrease or increase the amount of specic gene products produced(proteins and RNA). Cells begin to take on specic functions early on in development. Regulation of genes can help the organism respond to its enviroment. Gene regulation can be accomplished by many

mechanisms including chemically modifying genes and regulatory proteins to turn the genes o" and on. The rug lotion of such genes di"ers between eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Most regulatory genes are negative and turn o" genes in prokaryotes(Hoopes,2014). ! ! Gene expression and regulation are very important processes that need to be carried out. Gene expression is so important it is used by all known life. With out gene expression cells wouldn't become specialized. You would have no muscle cells for example. Gene regulation is also a very important process. With these processes, the cell knows when and what to do at the right moment in time.! ! # ! ! ! ! ! !