To Harry Barnes, Jr.

who believes that

A different language

is a different

vision of life.

Please e-mail your comments to : mjiyad@mtholyoke.edu

CONTENTS

Introduction

Unit 1, In a Restaurant

Unit 2, A Telephone Call

27

Unit 3, Renting an Apartment

48

Unit 4, Chatting with a Jordanian Friend

68

Unit 5, Shopping in Damascus

91

Unit 6, Readings from the Arabic Press

115

Unit 7, Talking about One's Hobbies

141

Unit 8, Memories from Baghdad

165

Unit 9, The Colored Picture

189

Unit 10, The Marvel Detergent

215

Introduction
For decades teachers have been combining language and content through techniques such as
storytelling, games, role plays, and, more recently, integration of subject area. The introduction of
teaching language in order to achieve proficiency based outcomes has underscored the importance of
meaning and context in comprehension and production. The guidelines developed by ACTFL and the
Educational Testing Service (ETS) define what language users are able to do with the language at
various stages. In the last ten years, many professionals grasped the idea of using the proficiency
definition of what it means to know a language for purposes of organizing instruction. The proficiency
model defines language ability in terms of three criteria:
(1) functions: linguistic tasks performed such as asking for information, narrating past activities, or
expressing opinions.
(2) contexts/contents: the settings in which one uses language, e.g., informal settings,
transactional situations, formal settings, together with the topic or themes of conversation, such
as topics related to self and to immediate environment (family, shopping, transportation,
restaurant, etc., concrete topics of personal and general interest, and abstract topics.
(3) accuracy: the precision of the message in terms of fluency, grammar, vocabulary, pragmatic
competence, pronunciation, sociolinguistic competence (Buck, Byrnes, and Thompson 1989).
Meaning and contextualized practice form the foundation for an approach that seeks to develop
proficiency.
The recent focus on more meaningful, contextualized teaching has prompted some changes in the
traditional bottom-up mechanical /communicative format of textbook exercises. In his review of textbook
exercise formats, Waltz (1989) found that current textbooks are contextualizing mechanical or skillgetting exercises in a wide variety of ways such as by:
(1) connecting exercise sentences with the same situation or theme;
(2) providing a context for the exercise in the form of information concerning people, activities or
description; and
(3) combining cultural aspects with language practice within the exercise.
Recent studies in foreign language teaching have pointed to the possible benefit of a top-down or
whole language approach to language instruction, through which students manipulate language to
communicate thoughts by using higher level skills before attending to discrete language structures with
the use of lower level skills. By means of activities such as negotiation of meaning and joint problem
solving with the teacher and classmates, students participate in amore complex task than the students
are capable of producing by themselves (Adir-Hauck 1992). Therefore, meaning and context take the
front seat in this performance before competence approach, which reflects how first-language learners
acquire language. Anderson (1984) proposes four criteria for judging a whole language approach to
language teaching. Language learning should:
(1) include meaningful, natural language
(2) include whole language, not language fragments
(3) be functional, and
(4) be learned in a meaningful context.
Basically, the above principles have been utilized in the development of "Al-Jaleys" textbook. In addition,
a culture-based textbook and its syllabus identify a possible sequence of contexts of communication,
grammatical structures, and cultural topics that could be integrated. The culture topics in Al-Jaleys appear
in three categories:

(1) those dealing with surface features of the Arabic culture with primary emphasis on behavior;
(2) those pertaining to daily life in the target culture-habits, patterns of living, etc.;
(3) those dealing with a more conceptual level, with attention to political, social, economical,
culture institutions and pattern, and with the challenges currently facing Arabs. The convergence of these
factors serves as a process through which students are able to acquire a set of behavior, body of
knowledge, a set of skills, and a cultural proficiency that facilitate learning about the Arabic culture and
their own cultures as well.
Finally, Al-Jaleys recommends an interactive teacher/student relationship that can be categorized as
"cognitive instruction." Through this approach, students process information in meaningful ways, take
responsibility for their own learning and become independent learners. As students and teacher work
together to understand and explore new contexts through "scaffolding" process, the teacher shows
learners how to use various strategies to solve language and culture tasks. In exploring longer segments,
students are guided through by means of various steps, ranging from identifying main ideas to express
opinions and writing compositions.
M. M. Jiyad
January 1997
Revised in 2008

 )(1

Unit # 1

Wahid has been studying Arabic in Yemen for a year. He invited two of his friends
for lunch in a newly opened restaurant in Sana. One of those two friends was a
!pain in the neck

.

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:

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:

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......


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7



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8

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)(The waiter goes to bring the orders while they talk

:
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9



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.1

.2

.3

.4
.5
.6
10

Questions about the Text

 .7
.8

/


True or False? Please rewrite the false statements in their correct forms.

........... .1
........... .2
........... .3
........... .4

.

........... .5


.
........... .6

Let us go
All right
In fact

!Under your command

By the way
!Slow down
!Patience has limits
!To your health
!Calm down, man
11

Functional Expression

!

!


!
!

!


.

.
!

!



.

There we go, Sa'id!

What is the matter with you today?
May Allah have mercy on your parents!
Come on, guys.
Let me think for a minute!
Don't forget we are brothers!
That is fine! (formal)
You got a deal.

!
You guys embarrassed me!

!
Be quiet! May Allah be content with you!
!

Let us drink to friendship!

!






I am tired of this empty talk.
.

Will you rush the orders

You are generous and have a good taste.

Vocabulary List

I spoke with
I invited
I order, ask for, demand
I think (not as I believe)
you forgot

12

you rush, hurry up

you remember

he creates
we began
we have lunch
we want, would like, desire
they (m) ask
taste
place, shop, store/s
group
appointment
reality
order, request, demand/s
beer
wine
grapes

leaves
food
chick pea
olives
lettuce
fish
dish
salad
13

yogurt
zucchini

Tabbuuli

splendid, magnificent
grilled, toasted

stuffed
fresh

white
red
frankly
sarcastically
when (conjunction)

as well, also, too

also, too, as well

Grammar
1. Contrary to
predicate,

and her sisters, which take a nominative subject and an accusative

and her sisters take an accusative subject and a nominative predicate if

that predicate is a noun or a predicate adjective.

This grammatical rule is exemplified in the following sentences:

becomes

becomes

Notice the change of the subject marker from nominative to accusative.

14

2. When

and her sisters are followed by personal pronouns, the accusative forms

of these pronouns are suffixed to them. The following chart summarizes these forms for
both singular and plural pronouns.

which means because is a sister of

and thus behaves the same way.

Verb Conjugation

1. The following verbs are in the present tense and conjugated to the plural pronouns.

2. The following verbs are in the past tense and conjugated to the singular pronouns.

15

3. The following verbs are in the imperative and conjugated to the second person
pronouns.

Drill # 1
Use the words and phrases in the Vocabulary List in good sentences:

Drill # 2
Please choose the correct options:

:
.

.1

Walid is sorry because he is:

a. coming late
b. bothering someone
c. leaving earlier than he had planned

(
) :

.2

The subject pronoun which marks the verb between parentheses is identical with the
personal pronoun in option:

.3

The proper response for a statement like this one is:

.4
16

Your Arab host family is inviting you for dinner. They ask you for your preferences and
they realize that you:
a. prefer fried fish
b. prefer grilled fish
c. really do not like fish at all

.
...........

.5

Of the given options, certainly ...... is the best to fill in the blank.

.6

Only one of the following options cannot be the reason for you to ask that your order be
rushed.

.7

An Arab would use this expression when she/he is:

a. ignoring somebody
b. fed up with somebody
c. trying to convince somebody

................... ................

.8

Which option has the correct voweling to fit in this context?

.
.

!
) (

.9

You ordered a table close to the window, but your friend wanted exactly the opposite.
So, you change your request. Which word do you need to use for the one between
parentheses?
17

Which of the following verbs can you use for imperative case?

.10

.11

You are thirsty. You order (a glass of ) cold water. Then you change your mind. Which
option would you choose?

...........

.12

The best choice to fill in the blank is in:

.13

Arabs would use this expression to say thank you. It can also be used to mean:
a. please

b. forget it

c. only God knows

.14

You are suggesting a toast to:

a. friendship
b. a happy marriage
c. a successful new career

. .........

.15

Certainly you would not have option .... to be another ingredient in your salad.

.16
18

The pronoun which is suffixed to the noun in this sentence is:

a. an object pronoun
b. a subject pronoun
c. a possessive pronoun

. ..........

.17

You know the owners of the restaurant. Which option do you need to use to complete
your statement?

.18

You said this sentence to your Arab friend and she/he was very impressed. However, I
need to know if you meant to say:
a. let me talk for a minute!
b. let me rest for a minute!
c. let me think for a minute!

.( )

.19

Though you need to rearrange the words in this sentence, one of the following options
can substitute for the word between parentheses.

!( )

20

You are learning the synonym for the word between parentheses and you want to use it
in this sentence. Can you remind me which one do you mean?

.
.21

A waiter will have a fit if you go to a restaurant and order ....

.
.22
19

The object pronoun which is suffixed to the verb corresponds to the personal pronoun
in:

.23

A mother was talking to her daughter when she said this sentence. She meant to say:
a. Everything is in God's hand.
b. God willing, you will be fine.
c. May God be content with you.

. ..............

.24

You certainly do not like to drink a glass of .......... juice.

.25

Is the proper response to:

a. a toast
b. an insult
c. a greeting

Drill # 3
a.. Give the correct forms of the words between parentheses.

( + )
.1
.
.
(

+ ) .2
.3

.
( + )

( + )
.4
.5
. ( + )
( + ) .6

. ( + )
20

b. Give the antonyms of the underlined words then translate these sentences.

.1
.
. .2
.3



.4

C. Rearrange the following groups of words to make correct sentences.

.1

.2

.3

.4
.

.

.5

.6

Drill # 4
Please choose the correct options and explain WHY:

(
.
)

.1

Your friend was commending the service in a restaurant you both went to. You agreed
and expressed your opinion in two sentences including the one above. Then you
substituted one of the following options for the phrase between brackets and your friend
was really impressed. Which was the correct choice?

. ..............

.2

Someone looked sick. Your friend said that that man was sick. You disagreed. You
wanted to say your sentence in perfect Arabic. You chose the adjective in option ... .

.
21

. ) (

.3

You went to a restaurant and were seated at a table close to the entrance. You told the
story to your friends but you made a mistake. So, which adjective did you meant to use?

.4

I like this restaurant because:

a. the salad and food are excellent
b. of its location and excellent prices
c. the salad, food and service are excellent

.5

The underlying message is:

a. a protest
b. sarcasm
c. a compliment

! .

.6

This is unbelievable! You are surprised! Maybe you are angry. The following pronouns
can refer to a subject. What is the correct one for this sentence?

.7

The implied subject pronoun in this sentence is:

. .............

.8

Your Arab host family will be disappointed if you use one of these nouns in a sentence
like this. They might even correct you. Can you figure out which word you should avoid.

.
22

 (
.
)
The first word in this sentence implies that you:
a. are certain
b. have some doubt

.9
c. really do not know

...............

.10

I am pretty sure you know that you cannot use one of these verbs in a sentence like
this. Which one? By the way, all these verbs are in the subjunctive case.

.11

This sentence is talking about a restaurant that has been recommended for its fast
service. Who ate there?
a. we

b. you

c. they

.12

One of the following personal pronouns can correspond to the subject and object
pronouns implied in this sentence.

.13

You can substitute the underlined word with the one in option:

. ...........

.14

This was the first time you went grocery shopping, and you are telling us about your
adventure! Could you please finish your sentence!

.............

.15
23

One of the following verbs cannot be used in this context?

. ..........

.16

Arabic grammar accepts this sentence if you choose option:

. ............ .............

.17

Arabic grammar will only allow you to use the pair of words in:

- .

- .

- .

.18

This sentence implies that:

a. you are in a self-serve cafeteria
b. there is a waiter attending to your order
c. there is a waitress attending to your order

.19

This man is telling his Arab friend that his wife prefers:
a. grilled fish
b. fried chicken
c. chicken to fish

. .............

.20

One of the following options makes sense. Which?

...........

.21

An accident on the Airport Boulevard has been reported in the news. Your friend has
just come back and she saw it. You are asking her if it was:
24

.

.............

.22

You will not embarrass yourself if you avoid using the verb in option:

.23

This person is asking whether she/he can order:

a. grape juice
b. limon juice
c. orange juice

. ..............

.24

Your Arab friend suggests that both of you go to Filfilah Restaurant in Cairo to eat
Himmis & Tabbuuli. You liked the idea. You ate there a year ago. How would you say
that in Arabic?

.25

You certainly can impress your Arab friend by using option ..... as a synonym for the
expression above.

25

Reading Exercise

Read the following words, phrases and sentences into your tape recorder, then listen to
them. Give the tape to your teacher to check your performance:

.




.

.




.

26

(2)

Unit # 2

Shaadi talks on the phone with Sharif, his Libyan friend in Tripoli. They agree to
go to a birthday party for one of Shaads friends that evening.

! :

:
. :
.
:

:
.
.
:

27


:
. !
:

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:

:


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:

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.

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: .
:

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: .

:

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:

28

 "
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:

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:




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:

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29

 :
.
)(Sharif and Shaadi arrive at Wasims house and meet other people

.



:
!
:

.


:

.


:

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:

.
:
.

.


!
:

!

:

!



!
:

:
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:

:
!

.

: !

)(Wasims sister, Fatin, approaches Shaadi and talks to him

.
:
: .

.

:


30



.
:
.

.


:

:
.

!
:

.

:

.



:

".
"


:

:

:

!

:

!

:
: !

)(Fatin moves on to talk with other guests. Sharif goes back to talk with Shaadi

:
.

:

!

.
:


!
:


!


:

!
:

31

Questions about the text

.1

.2

.3

.4

.5

.6

.7


.8

Functional Expression
?Are you serious

!May God bless you with good luck

!May God expose you
!May God protect you
I have no objection.
!This is very kind of you
!Fear God, man
!Stop this nonsense
!From your mouth to the gate of heaven
)!(May God hear your prayers
!I swear by God
!With God permission
32

Answer the following questions.

!

!


!
.

!


!
!
!



!

!


!

!

!


........

This is the strangest thing!

Happy Birthday!
peak of youth
I should be ready and waiting for you.
later
This is against law!
It is necessary that . (verb)

Vocabulary List

to grow up, get bigger

to graduate
to expose, uncover, scandalize
to contact
I got up, stood up
we meet
he speaks, talks
to be completed, finished
I introduce
I feel, sense
You (pm) allow ...!
You be quiet, shut up!
You remember!
party
Arak (local 90% alcohol drink)
alcohol
paternal uncle
33


boy

family

Imam, religious leader

mosque

law

society
tie, bond
weather, climate
weather, climate

world
ruins, historical sites

engineering
objection
tribal

common, popular
acceptable

serious


contrary to, against

pious, religious
married
engaged
gorgeous, magnificent, splendid
reasonable


enjoyable

34

Grammar

1. Comparative and superlative forms of Arabic adjectives are the same except that the
comparative form is placed between the two nouns you are comparing, and is always
followed by the preposition

The house is bigger than the apartment.

The superlative form precedes the noun it describes.

This is the biggest house in town.

You must have noticed that the adjective

is used in both sentences.

2. You can make comparative and superlative forms by dropping the long medial vowel
and prefixing

to the adjective.

becomes
becomes

If the second and third radical consonants are identical, you need to use Shadda (the
double letter diacritic) as in:

becomes
becomes
If the medial long vowel is , this Alif moves to the end and takes the shape of Alif
Maqsura as in:
becomes
becomes
By the way,

means high and

means expensive.

Comparative and superlative forms of Arabic adjectives do not distinguish number or

gender. In other words, they are gender and number blind!

35

Verb Conjugation

1. The following verbs are in the past tense and conjugated to the singular pronouns:

2. The following verbs are in the present tense and conjugated to the plural pronouns:

3. The following verbs are in the imperative form and conjugated to the second person
pronouns:

Drill #1

Use the words and phrases in the Vocabulary List in good sentences:

36

Drill #2
Please choose the correct options:

.1

The sentence implies that you want to ........ a friend.

a. visit
b. invite
c. convince

.
) (

.2

The emphasis in this sentence is put on:

a. the family ties
b. the Arab World
c. the Arab family

!
..............

.3

You want to introduce your friend, Najm to the rest of your friends. Which verb is correct
in this context?

.4

You were pleased with the idea your friend had come up with but you need to replace
the adjective with one of the following. Which?

.5

The sentence says that:

a. I slept for an hour.
b. I will sleep within an hour.
c. I got up from sleep an hour ago.

. ......................

.6
37

You are talking about a Muslim family with which you spent a weekend. You wanted to
say something about your friends brother. Please, choose the proper adjective.

.7

We contacted our friend to find out:

a. the time of the party
b. if there was a party after all
c. who was coming to the party

.8

The implied subject in this sentence corresponds to the personal pronoun in option .... .

.) (

.9

The synonym of the word which is between parentheses is in:

.10

This sentence says that our friend, Mohammed, has married:

a. my cousin
b. his cousin
c. our cousin

.11

A friend says a sentence like this to you. Therefore, she/he needs to:
a. eat
b. rest
c. drink

. .........

.12
38

You want to say that Baghdad is the biggest city in Iraq. Which option you need to
choose?

. ................... ...............

.13

Arabic grammar rules do accept only option:

. ........... ..........

.14

The Arabic grammar rules allow the pair of words in option ... to be used in this context.

- .

- .

- .

.15

You would use this sentence to

a. warn someone
b. thank someone
c. encourage someone

! :

.16

You can tell that when I said this sentence to my Arab friends I was:
a. sad
b. upset
c. happy

)(

.17

You want to use the synonym of the verb that is between parentheses. Which one
would you choose?

.18
39

The pronouns which are used as a subject and an object for the verbs of this complex
sentence correspond to the pair in:

-
.

-
.

- .

.19

This sentence means:

a. Thank you for your help
b. Thank you for your kindness.
c. Thank you for all the information

(
.
)

.20

The phrase between parentheses means:

a. You are right.
b. Nobody is right.
c. I know I am right

.
........... ............

.21

You want to state a fact that can only be found in Arab and Islamic societies. Option ...
should be your choice.

.22

We are talking about:

a. arranged marriage
b. marriage among relatives
c. marriage among teenagers

.
............

.23

You want to say that coughing (as a result of cold) is common because of the weather.
Which of the following adjectives is suitable in this context?
40

.24

The sentence says that:

a. your sister is older than mine
b. my sister is older than yours
c. the two are the same age

.
) (

.25

You need to use the synonym of the word that is between parentheses. Which one
?would you choose

Drill # 3
a. Vowel the underlined words:

.1
.

.
.2
.3
.
.4

.
.5 !
b. Provide the correct forms for the group of words between parentheses:

.1

.
) +(
.2

) +( .

) +(
.3
) + ( .
.4 :
) +
.
(


c. Give the antonyms of the underlined words, then translate the sentences:
41

 .
.1

!
.2

.3
.4 .
d. Give the synonyms of the underlined words, then translate the sentences:

.1
.

.2

.3
.

.

.4
e. Rearrange the following groups of words to make good sentences:

.1

.2

.3

.4

Drill # 4

Please choose the correct options and explain WHY:

.1

. ..........
:

Our Kuwaiti friend was talking about tourism in Saudi Arabia. Which option is
?acceptable to the Arabic grammar rules

.
.2

You would use this expression when someone is saying or doing something wrong.
Which of the following imperative verbs can send the same message.

.
42

. ................

.3

Only one of the following adjectives can be used to describe the Arab society. Which?

.4

These words can be related to the concept in option:

. .............

.5

You wanted to say that Basrah is older than Baghdad (both cities in Iraq). Option ...... is
the correct alternative.

. ..............

.6

Only one word can be used to fill in the blank. Which?

. .................. .........

.7

The Arabic grammar rules only allow the pair of words in option ... to be used to fill in
the blanks.

..............

.8

Which of the following words can be used to make the question correct?

. ..............

.9

Which of the following adjectives can be used to fill in the blank?

43

. ..........

.10

My brother has said something strange, I do not know if he was .... .

.11

You would use this expression if you were:

a. mad at someones comment
b. happy with someones comment
c. indifferent at someones comment

.12

You have just visited your physician and he told you something you wanted to share
with your friend. The physician meant to say that:
a. you have a winter cold
b. you have high temperature
c. you are at the peak of youth

.13

The sentence says that:

a. I remember we met ....
b. I remember we didnt meet ...
c. I dont remember that we met ...

.
...............

.14

Which of the following pronouns cannot be used in this context?

44

.15

The possessive pronouns expressed in this sentence are in option ... .

- .

- .

- .

.16

The subject corresponds to option .................

. .............

.17

You mean to tell the policeman that you have no objection that he checks your college
I.D. Option .... would be proper for use in this situation.

.18

This sentence implies that her friend:

a. has graduated
b. did not finish her school
c. will finish her studies in a year

.19

The sentence implies that I have ........ my friends family yesterday morning.
a. met
b. contacted
c. been introduced to

.(
)

.20

The word between parentheses can be replaced by the word in option .... .

.21
45

Your friend was telling you about his girlfriend. He meant to say that:
a. he graduated after her
b. she graduated after him
c. they both graduated at the same time

.
) (

.22

You want to impress your Arab friends by using the synonym of the word between
parentheses. Therefore, you would select option ... .

.
:

.23

The sentence implies that the people :

a. accepted his opinion
b. disagreed with the Imam
c. wanted some time to think

...........
.

.24

You were complaining about a bunch of noisy guys. Which of the following verbs can
be used to fill in the blank?

. :

.25

What the wife meant to say was that:

a. they can visit you
b. you cannot visit them
c. you have a rather open invitation

46

Reading Exercise

Read the following words, phrases and sentences into your tape recorder, then listen to
them. Give the tape to your teacher to check your performance:

.




.

.





!

:

47

 )(3

Unit # 3

Cathy is looking for an apartment in a low income section of Cairo that is not far
from AUC. She has read an ad in the newspaper and goes to the rental agency to
inquire about the apartment she would like to rent.

:

.
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:

:
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:
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:
48

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49

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50


.
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.

. . .

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:

200 200
.
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.

16 .....



:

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16 :!

51


.



:

:

:
.

......
:

!

:
:
.


:
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:
......

.
:

: !


.
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.
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: !

.1

.2

.3


.4
52

Questions about the text

 .5

.6

.7

.8

.9

.10

Functional Expression

I believe your opinion is correct.

I am tired of living in apartments.
By Allah, I do not know.
The choice is yours.
!You are right
since then
until now
You will tell me at once.
? You promise me
This is up to you.
!One has to be careful
If you want the truth, I am hesitant.
!Frankly, I do not know
Probably it is less than that.
53

.



.

.


.

.
!

.



!

......

Probably it is better ..
I believe there is no need to fear.
feeling secure
peace of mind

Vocabulary List

he/it begins
he/it depends on
he/it passes by
he/it helps, assists
you (m)/she walks
you (m)/she promises
you (m)/she tells, informs
you (m)/she gets, obtains
I mean
I transfer, move
I read
I left
I got tired
advertisement
owner, friend, fellow
fellow, classmate, friend
doorman
gas
cook, oven
refrigerator
apartment

54

house
carrying
rent
guarding
fence
balcony
stop
bus
problem
fear
center
area
garden, yard
necessary
hesitant
less than
quiet
important
good
frightened, scared
usually
outside
inside

Grammar

1. Relative pronouns usually introduce adjectival clauses and follow the antecedent they
describe. In Arabic, the use of these relative pronouns is determined by the gender and
number of the antecedent.
a. is used for singular masculine nouns.

.

55

The agent who met me was very nice.

b. is used for singular feminine nouns.

.
We helped the woman who rented this house.
c.
is used for plural masculine nouns.

.
The friends who ate with us in the restaurant are from Lebanon.
d. is used for plural feminine nouns.

.

We invited the doctors (f) who work at the town hospital.
2. Inanimate plural is always treated as a feminine singular.

.

The ads we read in the newspaper (were) many.

3. If the antecedent is indefinite, you do not need to use a relative pronoun.

.

I met a man who asked about you an hour ago.
You must have noticed that saying the same sentence in English would require the use
of the relative pronoun.

Verb Conjugation

The following verbs are in the past tense conjugated to plural pronouns:

56

b. The following verbs are in the present tense conjugated to singular pronouns:

c. The following verbs are in the imperative form conjugated to second person singular
and plural.

Drill # 1

Use the words and phrases in the Vocabulary List in good sentences:

Drill # 2
Please choose the correct options:

.1

.
) (
The synonym for the word that is between parentheses is in option:

57

. ...........

.2

Which of the following options does not make a good sentence?

.3

Therefore, she must be:

.4

The bus runs every:

a. ten minutes
b. five minutes
c. fifteen minutes

. ............

.5

Which of the following options can be used to make a good sentence?

.6

Therefore, this friend is more likely to be:

a. a lawyer
b. a physician
c. an engineer

.7

I am sure you can impress your friends by choosing the option which means the same.
Which?

.
58


)

. (

.8

One of the following words can substitute for the phrase between parentheses. Which?

. ) (

.9

Which is the antonym of the word that is between parentheses?

.10

The sentence says that this person has seen the ad:
a. on the TV
b. in the magazine
c. in the newspaper

. .........

.11

The word in option ..... makes the sentence good.

.
.............

.12

One of the following words cannot be used in this sentence.

) (

.13

Therefore, this person must be:

. .............

.14
59

Which of the following options cannot be used to fill in the blank?

.15

The sentence says that the kitchen is:

a. close to the porch
b. near the bathroom
c. next to the bedroom.

. ...................

.16

One of the following adjectives cannot fit in this context. Which?

)(

.

.17

This woman said that she left her parents house when she was young. Which of the
following option cannot replace the word between parentheses?

...........
.

.18

Which of the following options makes a good sentence?

.
( )

.19

Which of the following phrases can substitute for the phrase between parentheses?

.20

This sentence is talking about:

.
60

. ..............

.21

The adjective in option .... makes a good sentence.

!

:()

.22

The word which is between parentheses is related to the one in option:

!

:

.23

The people seem to say to the Imam:

.
.

.24

When you hear your Arab friend says this sentence to you, you get the impression that:
a. he has the choice
b. you have the choice
c. nobody really has any choice

. ..........

.25

Only one of the following verbs really makes sense in this context. Which?

Drill # 3
a. Fill in the blanks with the proper relative pronouns wherever needed.

.1
. ......
.2
. ......
61

 ........
.
.3

.4
.

..........

.5
.......... .
.6 ..........
.
.7 ....... .
.8
.
.........
b. Give the synonym of the underlined words.

.1
.

.

.2
.3
.
c. Give the antonym of the underlined words.

.1
.

.2
.

.

.3
.
.4
d. Put the following groups of words in the correct order to make meaningful sentences.

.
.1
.2
.


.3
.

.4

.

.5

.
.6

Drill # 4
Please choose the correct options and explain WHY:

.1

:
:

!
You understand from this sentence that:

62

a. they disagreed on everything

b. the woman agreed with the agent
c. the agent agreed with the woman

. ............

.2

The relative pronoun that can fit in this sentence is option ...

.
) (

.3

The word which is between parentheses can be replaced by the word/phrase in option
... without changing the meaning of the sentences.

. ...........

.4

Arabic grammar allows the use of the word in option ...... .

.5

The possessive pronouns implied in this sentence are:

- .

- .

- .

........

.6

The correct relative pronoun which is needed in this sentence is the one in option ..... .

)
.
(

.7

The word in option ..... can substitute for the one that is between parentheses with a
little change.

.
63

.8

. ............
The word in option ..... cannot fit within this context.

.
.9

. ...........

?One of the following adjectives cannot be used in this context. Which

.
.10

) (
The synonym for the word between parentheses is the one in option ...... .

.
.11

.
..............
The word/phrase that can be used to fill in the blank is the one in option ...

.
.12

.


It is logical to say that this woman prefers to live ...
a. in the suburbs
b. in an apartment
c. in the downtown area

.13

.


......

.
.
.

.14

64

 ..........
.

.
.15

.

?One of the following statements is false. Which
a. she works in a restaurant
b. her husband works in a restaurant
c. the restaurant and the police station are close to each other

.16

............ .
Arabic grammar rules would only allow the use of the relative pronoun in option .... .

.
.17

.
The subject which is implied in this sentence cannot be the pronoun in option ...... .

.
.18

. . ...........

.19

.

. ................

.
.

.20

..........

.
.
.

65

.21

The object which is implied in this sentence is option ......

.( )

.22

The word that can substitute for the one that is between parentheses is in option .....

.23

The sentence says that .....

a. expensive rent is a problem
b. high rent is a new phenomenon
c. low rent effects real estate value

.24

The subject pronoun which is implied in this sentence corresponds to the personal
pronoun in option .... .

. .........

.25

Which of the following options makes a good sentence?

66

Reading Exercise

Read the following words, phrases and sentences into your tape recorder, then listen to
them. Give the tape to your teacher to check your performance:

.


.



:
.

.




.


.

67

(4)

Unit # 4

Nancy arrived in Amman, the capital of Jordan. She plans to stay with a family in
a village not far from the Dead Sea to do a documentary film. She is talking with a
friend about his country and the Arab World in general.

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70


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"!


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71

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72

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!

.1
.2
.3

.4
.5

.6

.7
73

Questions about the text

Answer the following questions.




.8

.9

.

.10
True or False? Please rewrite the false statements in their correct forms.

.1
.2
.3

.4

.



.

.
.5

Functional Expressions

exactly
!


!This isn't all
.

during the war

during the embargo

the civil war

the Gulf War


depends on

in comparison to

he/it means
.....
!
!This is great
! Someone's calamities are someone's else fortunes !
74


But, what can be done!
!
the political situation

They create for you a thousand problems.
.


This is a very strange matter.
I cannot believe that!
!



the airlines


This isn't the only (thing).
.

.
The area isn't populated.
!
They treat you harshly like enemy!
My God!
!
the regime/authority's mood


all my life
a normal thing in our Arab World

since some time
. This thing isn't allowed.
Can't be done!
!
Are you (m) serious

!
I swear by Allah I only told the truth!
I never heard of such (thing) in my life.
.
.
This is a strange matter/issue.
Our condition is difficult.
.

!
Nothing lasts for ever!
You are (live) in heaven!
!
! This matter is open for discussion.
Long live Arabs' unity!
!



75

Vocabulary List
debate, discussion
fellowship
mood, temper
cruelty
enemy
self, soul, same
money
trade, commerce
agriculture
thousand
relations, relationships
problem
situation
regime, authority
population
heaven
village
city,town/s
border/s
desert, sahara
Bedouins
herders
goats
camels
sheep

-
-

76


the Red Sea


the Mediterranean
valley

river


mountains
port

matter, issue


service

break, vacation
train

south

north

west

east
open for (something)

political

populated
national

complete, perfect


barren

clean

ordinary, normal, usual

allowed, permitted
great


I got

I came
sea

77

I lived
I said
I swear

to become

depends

walks, moves


flies

lasts
treats

creates

You tell (someone/something)!

during
-

about something

except for
to prevent, block

Grammar

There are two types of sentences in Arabic; a verbal sentence which begins with a verb,
and a nominal sentence which begins with a noun or a personal pronoun. Examples
are:
1. A verbal sentence:

.
2. a. A nominal sentence (starts with a noun):

.
b. A nominal sentence (starts with a pronoun):

.
78

When the verb precedes its subject, it is always in the singular form and agrees with the
subject in gender ONLY.
Examples:

.

.

a singular masculine subject

a plural masculine subject

Notice that the verb remains the same though the number of the subject is changed
from singular to plural. You will notice the same thing in the following sentences.

.


.

a singular feminine subject

a plural feminine subject

Now, if the verb follows its subject, it is marked by both number and gender, as in the
following examples:

.


.

N.B. Some grammarians treat equational sentences as nominal sentences.

Verb Conjugation

The following verbs are in the past tense and conjugated to the singular pronouns.

79

The following verbs are in the present tense and conjugated to the plural pronouns.

Drill # 1

Use the words and phrases in the Vocabulary List in good sentences:

Drill # 2
Please choose the correct options:

) (
.

.1

The phrase between parentheses means:

a. in reference to
b. in comparison to
c. in accordance with

.2

The sentence implies that:

a. this is a crazy world
b. this is a crazy friend
c. it is crazy to talk like this

80


. .............

.3

The correct form of the predicate is option:

. ...........

.4

Which of the following adjectives fits best?

. ..........

.5

One of the following adjectives cannot be used to describe the city of Tunis. Which?

.6

Which of the following statements is true?

a. The civil war is still going on

b. Miriam is participating in the civil war

c. Miriam is unmarried and lives with her family

.7

The suffixed pronouns in this sentence are:

a. object pronouns
b. possessive pronouns
c. both object and possessive

.

.........

.8

The relative pronoun in option ....... is correct.

.
81

!
) (

.9

You want to impress your Arab friend by using the synonym of the sentence between
parentheses. Which option would you choose?

.10

The sentence implies that your friend who told you this:
a. is indifferent
b. protests the authorities
c. supports the authorities

.11

You would choose option ... to communicate an opposite message.

. ...........

.12

Which of the following nouns fits best?

.
............

.13

Which of the following demonstrative pronouns cannot be used in this context?

............

.14

Which of the following options would you choose to show your Arab friends that you
know your grammar well?

.
82

. ............

.15

He has the oldest car in the village. You need to select the word in option:

.16

Which pair represents the pronouns implied in this question?

- .

- .

- .

.17

The implied subject in this sentence corresponds to the personal pronoun in option:

.
............

.18

One of the following adjectives cannot be used. Which?

.........

.19

Which of the following prepositions fits best within this context?

........

.20

The only word that can fit in the blank is the one in option:

. ...........

.21

One of the following words cannot describe Aqaba in Jordan. Which?

.
83

 ........ .

.22

?Which of the following prepositions fits best

.23

The subject pronoun does not correspond to the personal pronoun in:

.24

The object pronoun corresponds to the personal pronoun in option:

.
.25

.

..........
Arabic would only allow you to use the relative pronoun in option:

Drill # 3
a. Provide the correct relative pronoun wherever needed.

.


.1 ........
.2
........ .
.3
........ .
.

.4 ........

.5
.
........
.6
........
.

84

b. Put the words which are between parentheses in the correct form.

.1 ) ( .
)
+( .
.2
.3 ) +(
)
(
.4
.5 ) ( .
.6 ) +( .
c. Provide the antonyms of the underlined words.

.1 .
.2
.

.
.3
d. Provide the synonyms of the underlined words.

.1

.
.2 .
.3
.

.4 .
e. Rearrange the following groups of words to make good sentences.

.
.1




.

.2

.3
.

.4

Drill # 4
Please choose the correct options and explain WHY:

.1
85

The synonym of the verb within this context is in option:

. ...............

.2

She swore by Allah that she told nothing but the truth. Which of the following verbs
can be used?

.3

The subject and object pronouns correspond to the pair in option:

- .

- .

-
.

.

..........

.4

Only the noun in option .... can be used to fill in the blank.

.5

Which adjective would you select if you want to send the opposite message?

. ...........

.6

One of the following adjectives can be used as a predicate. Which?

. ...........

.7

Logically speaking, only option ... can be used to fill in the blank.

. .

.
86

.) (

.8

The synonym of the word in parentheses is option:

. .........

.9

Which form of adjective is correct within this context?

.
.......

.10

I do not have enough ........ to buy this beautiful house.

.11

Which verb would you choose if you put the subject in initial position (before the verb)?

. ..........

.12

Which of the following words cannot be used to fill in the blank?

.13

The sentence says that the couple met:

a. on the train
b. at the airport
c. in a wedding party

. .........

.14

Which of the following options would you choose to fill in the blank if you wanted to
express some appreciation?
87

.15

The synonym of the sentence's main verb is in option:

.16

Which of the following statements is false?

a. This is a verbal sentence.
b. This is a nominal sentence.
c. This is an equational sentence.

.17

Therefore, I am:

.18

The semi-synonym of the predicate adjective of the main sentence is in option:

. ............

.19

Only the noun in option .... can be used to fill in the blank.

.20

Though it requires that the word order should be rearranged, which of the following
words can substitute for the adverb?

.
88

.21

You can send the opposite message by replacing the verb with its antonym in option:

.
.........

.22

The correct form of the relative pronoun is:

no relative pronoun .

.23

One of the following words can replace the second term of Idaafa without changing the
meaning. Which?

.24

The synonym of the underlined word is in option:

.

...........

.25

The correct form of the verb which can be used here is option:

89

Reading Exercise

Read the following words, phrases and sentences into your tape recorder, then listen to
them. Give the tape to your teacher to check your performance:

!


.

.





.

!


.

90

Unit # 5

(5)

Cindy and Liza have been in Damascus for a years stay. Now it is time to go
home, and they are getting ready to buy presents and do some shopping. They go to
the Souq al-Hamidiya and seem to enjoy bargaining with a shopkeeper.

!
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. ! :
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91

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.....


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!
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!
: ! !

!



:
:

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:
!


: !

!

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:
.
:
92

Cindy and Liza are in the market now.

 !
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93

 .

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94

 :
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:

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: .

40+45 :
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:

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:!

!



:
95

 ......
:


!.......
:

Questions about the text

Answer the following questions.

.1


.2



.3




.4

.5

.6

.7

.8

.9

.10

Cultural Expressions

!Come on girl
!Hurry up
!Dont worry
while I get ready
96

!

!
!

reasonable idea
If you (f) like that.

My God, help!
!
You, lazy girl!
!


Shame on you. The man is married!
!


So what?
!



I love sin!
!

Bargaining is my hobby.
.

That is its sweetness.

.


.
One has to be smart.

!
Those venders are the smartest!
Let us try!
!

!
!

Let us see!
Let us get in!

.


.
!

OK, let us try this store.

This is less than cost.
It means I will lose.
and vise versa

May Allah protect us (from sin)!

He wears my earrings and shirts

son of dirty mother

97

!



!

!

Please do not tell your friends!

Never! Prices are secrets!

Vocabulary List
to become
to bargain

to get ready
to shower
to try, experiment
to be late
to protect, shield
to wear
to bear, endure
to be glad, rejoice
to name
to lend
Say hello to ....!
Help (someone)!

/
!
Let (someone) do (something)!

[You] give!
!

Hurry up!

we see

98

I dry (something)
I earn, win
I lose
expensive
rounded
yellow
blue
black
white
red
green
lazy
sleepy
handsome
smart
original
pure
manufactured
dress
caftan
shirt

99

cost
merchandise
salesman, vendor/s
shoes
pair
measure
earring/s
head gear
dress
sweetheart
present, gift/s
skin
wool
cotton
silk
warm
warm, moderate
season/s
Autumn
Summer
Spring

100

Winter
neighbor/s
secret/s
something forbidden, sin
hobby
hair

future
difference
while, during

first

Grammar

1. Diptotes is a category of Arabic nouns and adjectives that cannot take Nunation and
they take the accusative marker for the genitive case.

Notice that the noun

.

takes the accusative marker instead of the genitive marker

though the word is the object of the preposition

2. Diptotes include many place-names which are not Arabic in origin such as:

3. Several broken plural patterns are also included in this category. Usually, they are
made of three or four syllables, such as:

101

4. These plural nouns are treated as diptotes when they are indefinite. Once they
become definite, they behave like regular nouns, i.e. they take the genitive marker for
the genitive case.

.


5. Comparative and superlative adjectives as well as colors are included in the Diptotes
category.

Verb Conjugation

1. The following verbs are in the imperative form conjugated for the second person
pronouns.

2. The following verbs are in the past tense

conjugated for the second person

pronouns.

102

3. The following verbs are in the present tense

conjugated for the plural

pronouns

Drill # 1

Use the words and phrases in the Vocabulary List in good sentences:

Drill # 2
Please choose the correct options:

.1

Which adjective would you choose if you like to send the opposite message

.







The synonym of the sentence's main verb is in option:

This person loves to:

a. shop

.
.



b. bargain

.2

.3

c. stay late

.4
103

You would tell your friends that because you are:

.5

Your friend says this to a shopkeeper. She/He must mean the item in:

.

.

.6

This sentence indicates one of the following:

a. lack of sleep
b. lack of money
c. lack of interest

.7

Which verb would you choose to send the opposite message?

This expression means:

a. Shut up!

b. Hurry up!

.8
c. Shame on you!

..............

.9

Arabic grammar will only allow you to use option:

104

.10

Which of the following options is not related to the seasons:

.




Therefore, the market is:

. .............. ............

Which pair of words can grammatically fit in the blanks?

.11

.12

.13

We shop at this store because of:

a. its good merchandise
b. its good prices
c. both a & b

Which is the incorrect order of the seasons?

.



. ...........

.14

.15

One of the following words would not make sense within this context. Which?
105

. ...........

.16

Which is the correct form that can be used to fill in the blank?

The best way to say to your friend, Let us go in ! is option .....

! .

! .

!
.

.17

.18

You are mad at someone and you had said something nice like this sentence. Now, you
realized that he deserved something else! Which one?

!

.

!
.

!


.

Your friend calls you late in the evening. You want to go to sleep.
What would you say to her/him?

.19

.20

The best translation for the sentence verb is:

a. I think
b. it seems
c. you have

.21

What has been bought is related to the:

a. ears
106

b. eyes
c. neck

.22

One of the following options cannot be used to substitute for the underlined word in this
?sentence. Which

.
.23

.24

. ..........

.
.

.
.
......... ..........

.
-

.25

-
.

?Which pair of verbs make sense

-
.

.



?Which is the correct form of the verb if it follows the subject

.

.1

.
.2


.3
.
.

.4

107

.
Drill # 3
a. Vowel the underlined words.

 .

.5
.
.6


b. Give the correct forms of the words which are between parentheses.

.1
.2
.3
.4

.
) +(

++( .
)

+(

+

)

.
)
+(

c. Put each pair of the words in the corresponding sentence to expand its semantic
scope, then translate them.

.1
.2
.3
.4
.5

.


.




.



.

.6
.

d. You need to change one word in each sentence in order to send the opposite

.1
.2
.3
.4

.

!



.
.

message.

e. Change only one word in each sentence without changing its meaning.
108


.

.1

.
.2

.3

.


.4



f. Put the following groups of words in the correct order to make good sentences.

.
.1

.2

.

Drill # 4
Please choose the correct options and explain WHY:

.1

The verb that can be used instead of the sentence verb without changing the semantics
very much is option:

.


..........

.2

One of the following nouns cannot be used to fill in the blank. Which?

Which option has the natural order of the seasons?

.3

109


.





.4

.5

.





..........



.

.
.

..........

The correct form of the adjective which can be used to fill in the blank is option:

.6

.7

.8

.
. .........



.

.
.

.




............

?One of the following options cannot be related to the words above. Which

.
.9

.




..........

?Which of the following words does not make a meaningful sentence

110

!
.

.10

This sentence has to be referring to the concept in option:

. ..........




It makes more sense to use the word in option:

.11

.
..........

.12

One of the following adjectives cannot describe Miriams son. Which?

. .........

.13

The only adjective that can be used to fill in the blank is in option:

.14

If you want to use the antonym of the adjective in this sentence you need to choose the
one in option:

. ..........

.15
111

It makes more sense to use the adjective in option:

.

......

.16

The relative pronoun which can be used in this sentence is in option:

.17

If someone says something like this, you would not respond by using the expression in
option:

! .

!
.

!

.

)(

.18

The synonym for the word which is between parentheses is in option:

.( )

.19

If you want to send the opposite message, you have to choose the word in option:

(


.

.20

One of the following options cannot be used to substitute for the phrase between
parentheses. Which?

112

!


.........

.
.
.

.21

.22

.
.23

?Which of the following pairs is not like the other two

.

.24

These adjectives cannot be used to describe:

! ..........

.
.
.

. .......
.

.25


.
.
.

113

Reading Exercise

Read the following words, phrases and sentences into your tape recorder, then listen to
them. Give the tape to your teacher to check your performance:

!

!


.

.


.








.




.










.

114

Unit # 6

(6)

Shafiq and Shaheen are two Arab students in the USA. They are reading an
Arabic newspaper and surveying the news of the Arab World and the world in
general that day. Their friend, Michael, is lying on the couch and following their
conversation.

:


.
:

!

:

.


:
.
:

......

:

:


.

115






:
.

.


:




:
.

.

:



:

.

.
:
.





:


:

:
.

!

:



.







:

.




:

:
:
.

.

:

:




.

:

:


. .......

:

: !
116

.



:

.
:





.

.




:



:


:
.

.
: .
45 20

:



.




:


9

.

:

.
:



:

:
.

:


.

!

:

:
......

117


:
.

:
: .
.



:
.
.


:




.



:

!
:

.

!



:

:
.

.



:


:

.

:

.

:



:
.

.

:

.
:
!





.

:

.

:

.




:
.

:

118



.



:
:
.

.

:

: !


:






.
:

!
:

.

.



:






:


:
.

.



:


:

.

:


:

.


:


!
:
) (.
:

.
:
150

:
.
50:

119


.

:


.


:


.
:


!
:
: !
: !

Questions about the text

a. Answer the following questions.

/ :






.1

.2

.3

.4






.5

.6

.7


.8

/


.

.1

.

.2


120



.







.

.3

.4

.5
.6

.7
.8

Functional Expression

!Come on , tell us
!Nothing new
curfew
war, famine and refugees
Friday prayers
The uprising is on.
As long as there is interference
sending individuals on exile
demolishing houses
children with rocks
since war ending
!That is not important
Nuclear weapon reduction
121

!


!

.



!

....

military balance
bilateral relations
commercial and technological exchange
This is not impossible.
Atlantic Alliance
political opening
The economy is worse.
Bless the socialist system!
Why would they waste their time?
Who would believe .?

The world is changing!

!


womens right for abortion

jail sentence on probation

federal funding for abortion clinics

back step for womens rights

compulsory social service

!
!

Only Allah knows!

scapegoat
We know this clich!

122

Vocabulary List

annoying
open for discussion
collaborating, coordinating
closed down, not working
civil, civilian
enforced
military
minister/s
president
leadership
leader, commander
security
power, force/s
army
coup
rebel/s
defense
constitution
authority, power

123

fate, destiny
destruction
victim/s
bombing
blockade
Intifadha, uprising
famine
assembling
demonstrations
prison, jail
demolition, destruction
murder
village/s
position/s
correspondent
stone, stones
attack
deportation
intervention, interference
occupation
young man

124

need
condolences
mourning
letter/s
settler/s
refugee/s
reduction
opening
official
scandal
case, issue, matter
backing away
return
unification
fine
financing
delegate
coach
championship
Asia
to defeat, conquer

125

to dissolve, solve
to suspend
to close
to fall
to emphasize
to deny
to win
to keep coming
to spend
to be murdered
to execute
to cut off
to be exposed
to arrest
to fire at
to crash
to discuss
to elect
as long as

126

Grammar

Hollow Verbs are those verbs in which the second consonant of the root is a long vowel as in:

This category of verbs is divided into three groups according to the way in which the vowel
changes.
1. The first group is:

-
The middle short vowel of the present form is

----

2. The next group is:

----
-

The middle short vowel of the present form is

3. The third group is:

The middle short vowel of the present form is

----
-

Remember that these changes are required when you change the hollow verb from past to
present.
In the past form of the verb, the long vowel does not appear except for the third person singular
(m. & f.) and third person plural (m. only). It also shows in the third person dual (m. & f.)

Verb Conjugation
1. The following is the conjugation of the verb
both past and present tenses.

to both singular and plural pronouns, for

127

to both singular and plural pronouns, for

to both singular and plural pronouns, for both

128

2. The following is the conjugation of the verb

both past and present tenses.

3. The following is the conjugation of the verb

past and present tenses.

Drill # 1
Use the words and phrases in the Vocabulary List in good sentences:

Drill # 2
Please choose the correct options:

.1

.2

.



:



.
. .

This sentence says that the person got:

a. a year in absentia
b. a year on probation
c. a year of hard labor

.3

............ ...........
.

.
. .

.4

You would use this expression when you:

a. express sympathy
b. accept an invitation
c. none of the above

.....




.5
.


129

.
.

One of the following statements is false vis--vis the Hollow Verbs.

.6

Which one?
a. They begin with a long vowel.
b. The long vowel is in the medial position.
c. Mostly, the long vowel changes in the present tense.

!


.

:

.
.
.

.7

.8

One of the following cannot be made of all these materials. Which?

.9

The medial long vowel of the sentence's hollow verb will change to the vowel in option
...... if the verb tense is changed to present.

.
.
.

.10

130


.
.11
...... .........

:

.

.



.

You need to use a

.12
when you want to buy ..................

.
.
.
.13
...........

:

.
.
.
.14

.15

.16

131

. .........

.

.

...........

. ............

:


. - .

. -

.



:


.

.17

.






?What is the antonym of the sentence's verb

.
.18

........ .........

.

:


.

.
.19

, will change to ............. if we change the tense The hollow verb of this sentence,

from past to present.

.20

.21

:


.

.

a. was a collaborator
b. was a revolutionary
c. was a member of the regime party

132

.22

.
........

.
.
.

.23

. ................

.

.

.

.24

This woman seems that she:

a. protests the Supreme Court decision

b. supports the Supreme Court decision
c. hasnt heard of the Supreme Court decision

.........
.25

.............


:

.



.
.
:

:

/

.1
133

Drill # 3:

a. Vowel the following:

 .2
.
.3



.4

b. Change the verbs to the present tense:

/


.
.1

.

.2

.3

.

.

.4





.

.5

.6
.

c. Rearrange the following words to make good sentences:

.1
.2
.3

.4

Drill # 4:
Please choose the correct options and explain WHY:

134

.1

.2

.3

.
.

:

.


.

.

. ........... ..........


:


.
. .

:

.

Mr. Walid is sorry for:

a. coming late
b. talking loudly
c. bothering someone

.4

.


:

.

.5

:
The pronoun suffixed to the verb is:
a. a subject pronoun
b. an object pronoun
c. a possessive pronoun

.6

135

. ...........

:

.
.



.( )

.7

Which of the following words is the synonym of the one between parentheses, even
though you need to change the order of the words?

. .......



!

:


.

.
.

.8

.( )

.9

Which of the following options cannot replace the phrase that is between parentheses?

.

.


.

)(

.10

The word between parentheses means:

a. as long as
b. it is probably true
c. one can conclude that

.

:

.11

The prime minister is talking about:

a. the Islamic system
b. the socialist system
c. the capitalist system

136

.12

.............

:




.

.
.

.13

:
.
.

.14

.
.
.

.15

......... ........
.

:


.

"You want to say, "wasting his time.

.16

.........

:

.17

137


.
.18

.19

:
.
.

........
..........

:


.

. -
.

.20

.......... ..........
.

.
.
.

.21

.


..........


:


.
.
.

.22

The officials are discussing the .......... of nuclear weapons.

a. control
b. reduction
c. elimination

.23
138

.24

.25

/:

.


.

?All of the above are terrible. Which one is the most deadly

.

.
.

139

Reading Exercise

Read the following words, phrases and sentences into your tape recorder, then listen to
them. Give the tape to your teacher to check your performance:

.



.

140

Unit # 7
)(7
Faadi and Omar are talking about their individual hobbies, then Faadi begins telling
Omar about something he has experienced on his flight home from Tangier with a stop in
Frankfurt, Germany.

.
:

.

:

:

.
:

!



:

:

.

:
141

 .
:

:


.
:



:
: .

!


.


:
.

:
.
:



.


:
.
:

:
.

.

:

.


:

.


:



: .
.

.
:

.

:

:


.

:

.
:

:

142

 :

.

.
:

:

:
.

!

:

.
:
.


:

.
:

:
.
:

.



:

.


:



:

.

:

:
.

.
:

:

.
:

.
:
143

 .



:
.



:

:

:

......
:




.......

......



:

.........


:

.
: .

.....

:
:
.

:
.

.
:

.

:
.



:

:
........

...... .


:





!
.

:

!


: "
"
144

:

.....


:



:
.


: .

.




: .




:

.



:

:
.






.
.


:





!



:

: .

.

:

:

!

:

: .
.



:

!
:

.



:


.

:

:


145

.



:

.
:





.


:


!
:

!
:

Questions about the text

:


/
.1


.2

.3

.4



.5


.6


.7

.

.8



.9



.10

a. Answer the following questions:

.
.1

146

b.

.
.2

.



.3

.4
.

.
.5






.


.6






.

.7



.
.8

.
.9

.


.10

Functional Expression

No thing, no thing.
teenage stage
Mans hobbies change.
stamps & pictures collecting
not necessarily so
?Why not
When you were (falling) in love
One cannot get all what one wants.
Travel is like (going) to school.
)Travel is no long a joy (to do

147

.






.

.


.

.
.

problems, complications & dangers

I dont understand your intention.
.


.



Harassments begin when

they realize that you are an Arab.

suspicion, search, questioning &

investigation

They make feel humiliated!
!


Frankly, I do not blame them for that.
.



!


The matter has gone past its limits.

something like that

.
Add to that racism.




The point is harassing Arabs.
.




a persona non grata!
!

the reason according to their account

The funny thing is that ..

May Allahs curse falls upon them!

!

Vocabulary List

she/you (m) discriminate

she/you (m) blame
she/you (m) exchange
she/you (m) hate
148

she/you (m) like, love

she/you (m) like, love

she/you (m) hide

I go down, descend
I believe, think

I feel
I sense, feel
to stop
to teach

to meet, encounter
to publish

to curse
to criticize
to start (followed by another verb)
I began
I played

book/s
reading
picture/s

correspondence, writing to pen pals

music

149

swimming
travel
hobby
story/ies
magazine
tired, exhausted
influence, effect
etc.
infatuation, love
feelings
fear
secret/s
practice

translation, expression
poetry
understanding
funny
clear
moderate
fine
short

150

investigation
harassment, bothering
complications
search
procedure
humiliation
questioning
civilization
history
tradition/s
custom, habit
sky
lake
move
danger/s
point
people of, family
except for

originally

family members

/
grandfather/s
-


151

grandmother
daughter
mother
father
maternal uncle/s

paternal uncle/
-

the colors

/

/

green (m) / (f)

black
blue
white
red
orange
honey
brown
yellow

Grammar

Assimilated Verbs in Arabic is a group of verbs which usually have a weak semi-vowel
in initial position. This semi-vowel is commonly
to fall, to occur

as in:

to arrive
, to find ,
152

In the present tense of this category of verbs, the semi-vowel is fully assimilated, and
thus the verbs mentioned above would take the following forms.

Verb Conjugation
The following is the conjugation of the Arabic Assimilated Verb

to both singular and plural pronouns, for both past and

present tenses.

Drill #1

Use the words and phrases in the Vocabulary List in good sentences:

153

Drill # 2
Please choose the correct options:

.1

.
..........

:


.
.

.2

.3

. ..........

.

.
.

.4

The sentence implies that this man is unmarried because:

a. he hates responsibilities, in general
b. has not met the right person
c. none of the above

.5

(.
)


c. within limits

.6
154

The phrase in parentheses means:

a. at least
b. certainly

. ..........
.........

.
.
.7

The sentence implies that the person got

a. a year in absentia
b. a year on probation
c. a year of hard labor

.8

.



:

.9

) (

You need to change the adverb that is between parentheses.

.
.

............
.10



:

.
.
.
.11

155

...........

.
.


.

...........

.
.

.12

.13

An Arab would use this expression if she/he is:

a. able to get what she/he wants
b. unable to get what she/he wants
c. indifferent to things around her/him

One of the following statements is false vis--vis Assimilated

.14

Verbs in Arabic. Which?

a. They begin with a semi-long vowel.
b. The semi-long vowel is in medial position.
c. The semi-long vowel changes in present tense.

.15

You would say this expression to someone in case you wanted to tell her:
a. I don't blame you
b. I feel bad for you
c. I hold you responsible

. ........

.........



:

.16

.

.

.17
156

:

.
.18

?One of the following words cannot describe the verb of the sentence. Which one
a. hollow
b. present
c. assimilated

.
.19

If you want to change the tense of the verb from past to present, the medial vowel of
that verb will be:

.
.20

This sentence implies that this man:

a. is talking about travelling again
b. thinks that travelling is unwise now
c. has a paranoia concerning travelling

.
.21

.

.......


.

.
.

.
.22

.....



:

.



.

.

157

.23

:

.

.


.24

The sentence says that I found the regime's decision:

a. funny
b. unfair
c. strange

. .........
.25

.

.

.


:

/

.


.1

.
.2

Drill # 3
a.

.
.3

.4
.

.1 /

.




.2

.3
.

158

b.


".


.4 "

:
/



.1

.

.2

.3

c.

Drill # 4
Please choose the correct options and explain WHY:

.1

?Which of the following reflects the reality of this sentence

a. he is liked
b. he is not liked
c. he is well-liked

.2

:


.

.
.

.3

The sentence implies that this man:

a. is talking about travelling again
b. believes that travelling is wise these days
c. has developed a paranoia concerning travelling

.4

. ..........

:

159


.
.5

) ( .


:



.
.
.

.6

.7

........
.



:

.8

.



........

:



.

.
.

:


.

.
.

.9

.

............

.10
160


:




.

.

.

.......

:

.

.
.

.11

.
.
.

.12

.13

.
.
.

..........
.14

.
.

.
(

.
.15
)

.
.
.
161


.

.........


:

.

.

.

.16

.




:



.

.
.

.17

.18
. ..........





:

.
.

.


.........

.

.
.

.19

.20

.




:



.
.
.
(

.


)

.21

?Which of the following is the closest paraphrasing of the phrase in parentheses

a. at that time
b. in the old days
c. in ancient poetry
162

.22

:



.
.


.

.23

.24

If you hear someone says this expression, you will have the impression that she/he is:
a. mad
b. happy
c. reserved

..........
.




:

.
.

.25

163

Reading Exercise

Read the following words, phrases and sentences into your tape recorder, then listen to
them. Give the tape to your teacher to check your performance:

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164

 )(8

Unit # 8

Vincent Battle worked and lived in Baghdad for a number of years. He made many friends
including His Iraqi friend, Sami, who is visiting him in Washington, D.C. They sat
down to reminisce the days in Baghdad, and plan to visit various locations in D.C.

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169

 .
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Questions about the text

a. Answer the following questions:

.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6

"

"

" "

.7

.8

.9

.10

b. True or False. Please change the false statements to the correct form.

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.1

.2
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.3
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.4
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.5

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170

Functional Expression

grilled fish, the Iraqi style

no doubt

.



!

Those who married and entered the cage!

Whether he likes it or not.
His dreams are more than his capacity!
so that he can earn a living (has enough in
order to eat bread)
college of fine arts
he managed his situation this summer
the penny less intellectual
Plato and Socrates

a compulsory broadcasting station

May Allah help you!
May Allah help us overcome this big worry
because of the embargo

Vocabulary List
she, you (m) rest
she gets pregnant
she, you (m) play an instrument

171

he gets upset
he discusses
he reduces (responsibility)
he supports (family)
I arrange
I clean, sweep
I wish, hope, like
to arrange, manage
to perish, wiped out

enough (m-f)

/
poor (s-p)

admirer, interested in

penniless

educated, intellectual

gifted

we meet

preferred
on going, continuous
original
drunk
salary, pay

172

change, exchange
worry-ies
plan
god/s

cage

Arak (hard local liquor)

legend/s

dream/s
constitution
copy
wedding
singing
energy, capacity, power
trip, journey
speech, talk
world, globe
monument
open area, plaza
model/s
meaning/s
visitor/s

-

/

-
173

rocket/s
week days
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
except for
when (conjunction)
when (conjunction)
whenever
sometimes

never
the National Archive Museum
the Natural History Museum
the Fine Art Museum
The Space Museum
the mall
the broadcasting station

174

Grammar

1. Defective Verbs in Arabic are a category of verbs which end with a long vowel such as:

to meet
to walk

to invite

to see, witness

These verbs will take the following forms when changed to the present tense.

-
-

Notice that even in the past tense, the long vowel is reduced to a short one for:

The long vowel is changed to the corresponding forms (displayed in the previous frame) for the
rest of the pronouns. Examples are:

you (f.s.) walked

I invited

2. You can create adverbs from the adjectives derived originally from time concepts by
changing the case from nominative

daily
weekly

to accusative

as in the following:

175

monthly
yearly, annually

Verb Conjugation

The following are the conjugation charts of four Arabic defective verbs. They are conjugated to
singular and plural pronouns, for both past and present tenses.

to invite

176

to walk

to meet, encounter

to see, witness

Drill # 1

Use the words and phrases in the Vocabulary List in good sentences:

177

Drill # 2
Please choose the correct options:

.1

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178

.6

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?Which kind of verb is the one between parentheses

a. hollow
b. defective
c. assimilated

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(.
)

The sentence implies that my neighbor is:

a. at least reserved
b. somehow humble
c. certainly boasting

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Drill # 3

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a.

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c.

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.5 .

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Drill # 4
Please choose the correct options and explain WHY:

.1

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.2

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.3

?Which kind of verb is the one in parentheses

a. hollow
b. defective
c. assimilated

The sentence may imply that .......

a. the radio station is closer to my house
b. the radio station is past my house and the airport
c. the radio station is located between my house and the airport
183

.4

The band played:

a. indoors
b. outdoors
c. in the Opera House

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The sentence implies that:

a. I graduated after my friend

b. my friend graduated after me.
c. we graduated at the same time.

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The phrase between parentheses means

a. family ties
b. the Arab family
c. the Arab World

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The person is talking about the need to go to:

a. the mall
b. the store
c. the market

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187

Reading Exercise

Read the following words, phrases and sentences into your tape recorder, then listen to them.
Give the tape to your teacher to check your performance:

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188

(9)

Unit #9

Havely Taylor still remembers the story of a letter her friend Faruq Ali wrote to someone
he knew. Faruq was then a high school student. He had written the letter and was
anxiously waiting for a reply.

88

1965 14

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Questions about the text

a. Answer the following questions:

.1




.2
.3

.4



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.6

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.8
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.10

b. True or false? Please rewrite the false sentences in the correct forms:

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193

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.6

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Functional Expressions

I miss you
his daily worry
love letter
hand writing
housewife
For fear that he would not get a response.
the marble box
mail box
Certainly, he will be happy with it.
(he) believing that
194

Faster than what he would expect.

.

May Allah fill your house with riches!

!
He purposefully tossed it in the trash can.
.

one evening

mail carrier

/

He was by nature of a little talk.
.

Vocabulary List

doubt/s
certainly
wall/s
recovery
plant
singer, entertainer
greeting
evil
role, turn
row, line
dove
edge
opening, slot
195

tear/s
Baklava (ME dessert)
dough
armpit

delegation
signature

envelope/s

happiness
heart
females breast, utter
breast/chest
number/s
nature
pride
fear
flaps
shades
expects
be available
utters, pronounces
attains, obtains

196

I decorate
I miss someone

to scoff, sneer, ridicule

to discriminate, select

to jog
to moisten
to drop, throw

to kiss
to hug

to move aside
to flood
to be hesitant

to assure
to protest
to snatch up
to go
convey, tell (imperative)
marble
jealous
hesitant
smilingly

197

blessed
jokingly
printed
stained, covered with
He didnt want

The Arabic Calendar

1.

2.

3.
4.
5.

6.
7.
8.

9.
10.
11.

The Western Calendar

198

12.




1.

2.

3.
4.
5.

6.
7.
8.

9.
10.

11.

12.

Grammar

1. The Active Participle, which can be formed from all transitive and

for pattern number

intransitive verbs, is made on the pattern FAAIL
one of the Arabic verbs. Examples are:

The active participle often functions as an agent noun (one who does the
action).

The writer is in his apartment.

.

Under certain linguistic conditions , the active participle can be used as a
verbal adjective.
A fasting man

2. The Passive Participle is formed from transitive verbs on the pattern
MAFUUL , for pattern one the Arabic verbs. Examples are:
199

The passive participle is often used as an adjective.

The door is open.

3. We already know that you can negate the past tense by using the
negation particle before the verb as in:

Another way to negate such kind of a verb is by using another negation

particle,

followed by a verb that has to be in the Jussive Mood.

.

The jussive mood is based on the Indicative Mood (the regular present
form) with some changes in the terminations. These include the following:
a. The short vowel of the indicative
Sukuun

is replaced by the zero vowel

in final position.

) (
.

b. Feminine plurals remain unchanged from the indicative; all other forms
ending in and drop that terminations.

.
(
)

They (m)
.

.

)

(
You (s.f.)

200

Dual

)

( .

(The verbs between parentheses above are in the indicative

)basic mood

Verb Conjugation

The following chart demonstrates a number of Arabic verbs used in this unit
conjugated to singular and plural pronouns for both past and present
indicative tenses.

to go, depart, leave

to miss, long for

201

to ensure

202

to drop, throw

to kiss

to expect

Drill #1

Use the words and phrases in the Vocabulary List in good sentences.

Drill #2

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.22

?This word can be related to one of the following options. Which

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.23

.24

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?One of the options is unlike the other two. Which

Drill # 3

a. Underline and specify the Active and Passive Participles in the

following sentences.
207

.1

.2

.3
.4
.5

.6

.







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!

b. Vowel the following sentences.

.1 .

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.2

.3 .
.4

.5 .
.6 .
c. Rearrange the following words to make good sentences.

.1

.2
.3
.4

.5

208

Drill #4
Please choose the correct options and explain WHY.

.1

.



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......... .

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209

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150
.10

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.11
210

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.13

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.14

..............

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.15

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.16

211

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.19

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.20

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.21

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212

.22

.23

13 .
12 .
11 .

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.25

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213

Reading Exercise

Read the following words, phrases and sentences into your tape recorder, then listen to
them. Give the tape to your teacher to check your performance:

.



.

.




.

214

Unit #10
(10)
Bengt Johnson was visiting my hometown in southwest Iraq. He read a story in the towns
newspaper. He liked it and therefore cut it out and sent it to me. The story brought back some old
memories, especially about that microbus which stopped one afternoon in the village where I used to
teach. Two people in the microbus were trying to market their new wonder detergent.

) (
.(
215

)
( .

1958

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218

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219

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.2

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.4


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.8

.9

.10

.11

.12

Questions about the text

220


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Functional Expressions
early in my life
but
took over power
according to law

agrarian reform

was truly pretty

extremely proud of his handwriting

anti religion

221

!







!

corrupts childrens minds

Mr. district school director
the rest is your responsibility
in celebration of the occasion
Say thanks to Allah!
voluntary service
compulsory service
propaganda films
educational films
I naively asked
paper napkins
the dirtiest
providing that, on condition
sunk in her confusion
He read the written words stumblingly

Vocabulary List

women
attendant, custodian
land owner
wheat
222

field-s
date palm-s
forest
afternoon
start, beginning
detergent
comment
role
percentage
measure
naivet
universe, being
manner, behavior
charm, magic
feeling of security
pride
calligraphy
sleeves
cigarette
lighting (fire, cigarette)
noise

223

voice-s
mind-s
arrow
celebration
waiting
reeds
mats
date palm leave-s
location
founding
womans headgear
end
bucket
earthenware jar
vehicle, cart
lamb-s
rooster
dress, garment
to show, offer
to oppose
to join

224

to continue, pursue
to build, construct
to obey
to put on, wear
to take off
to repeat, return
to play the hypocrite
to shake
to resist
to own
to migrate
to turn
to corrupt, spoil
to distribute
to dare
to claim
to be cut out
to sigh
to feel
to dash, dart
to reject, refuse

225

to get, yank loose

to struggle
to slaughter
to own
to stumble
to push each other
to crowd
to expand
to show, demonstrate
to be surprised
she held
she received
we increase
I supported
I stood up, undertook
I repeat
I share
I save money
I used to
be completed
she donated

226

water bearer-s
early
charming, gorgeous, enchanting

educational
propaganda

dirty
holding
withdrawn
relaxed, comfortable

behind
gradually

intense
made of iron

made of silk

wonderful, great
weak
garment common male dress in Iraq

hut made of date palm leaves, reed and mats

van

Grammar

1. The Active Participle

227

a. For Hollow Verbs (CVC) as in

, the active participle pattern is FAAIL,
with Hamza () taking the place of the second consonant (C2) in all cases.

b. For Defective Verbs (CCV), the pattern is FAAIN as in:

You must have noticed that the verb loses its weak long end vowel
undergoes the same loss of the weak vowel.
c. Doubled Verbs (CvCCv) as in
The pattern is FAALL

2. The Passive Participle of the Hollow, Defective, and Doubled

Verbs follows the following patterns.
a. Hollow
The pattern is MaFUUL is used for (C2W)

-
The pattern MuFAAL for (C2Y)

b. Defective
Defective (C3W) produces a regular passive participle on the pattern MaFUUW

Defective (C3Y) gives a passive participle on the pattern MaFIIY

c. Doubled
The formation of Passive Participle from a doubled root is perfectly regular,
MaFUUL.

228

 is used with verbs in the past tense to indicate a tense somewhat closer to or 3.
the English past perfect tense. To say, I had gone to the library before I ate my ,
in Arabic the sentence is:

Verb Conjugation

The following charts show a number of Arabic verbs conjugated to singular and
plural pronouns for both past and Present Jussive tenses
.

to take off

to continue, pursue

to join

229

to put on

to get used

to feel, sense, perceive

Drill #1

Use the words and phrases in the Vocabulary List in good sentences.

Drill #2
Please choose the correct options.

.1

........





.

.
.

.2

. .........





.

.
.

230

.3

.4

.




.........

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.............


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.5

.6

............

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:



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.7

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.8

231

.9

.10

..........



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.11

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.12

. ............




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.13

.......... .


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.14

.
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.15

. .........
.


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.

232

.16

.17

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.18

.19

. .......

.
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:


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.20

.......
.

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.21

233

:



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. ........

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.

.22

.23

.24

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.25

234

Drill #3

a. Vowel the following sentences.

.1 .
.2 .
.3 .

.4 .
.5 .
b. Rearrange the following groups of words to make correct sentences.

.1
.2
.3
.4

.5

c. Negate the following sentences.

.1

.2

.3
.4

.5

.






.

d. Underline the active and passive participles and explain the grammatical
function of each of them.
235

 .1
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.2

.3
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.1

.2

.3

.4
236

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Drill #4

.

.......

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.5

.6

.7

.8

.9

237

. ...........

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:

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. .........

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.10

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.11

.........

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.

.12

........

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.13

.



............

.14

.15

.


:

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...........

238

.16

.17

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.18

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.19

........

.

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.20

. .........




.
.

.21

239

........

.
.

.22

.23

.24

.25

:





.


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.

.

.........

.
.

Here the newspaper is talking about:

a. a political problem
b. a brain-drain problem
c. an economic problem

240

Reading Exercise

Read the following words, phrases and sentences into your tape recorder, then listen to
them. Give the tape to your teacher to check your performance:

.





.

241