Ekonomi Manajerial Pada Ekonomi Global

Bab 7 Teori dan Perkiraan Harga

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Biaya Dasar
Biaya Eksplisit
Biaya Pembukuan

Biaya Ekonomi
Biaya Implisit Biaya Eksplisit

Biaya Terkait
Kenaikan Gaji (Incremental cost) Biaya kemerosotan tidak termasuk kedalamnya (Sunk cost)
PowerPoint Slides by Robert F. Brooker Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.

Fungsi Biaya Jalan-Singkat

Total Biaya = TC = f(Q)
Total Biaya Tetap = TFC

Total Biaya Tidak tetap = TVC

TC = TFC + TVC

PowerPoint Slides by Robert F. Brooker

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Fungsi Biaya dalam jangka Pendek

Total Biaya Rata-rata = ATC = TC/Q
Rata-rata Biaya Tetap = AFC = TFC/Q
Rata-rata Biaya Variabel = AVC = TVC/Q

ATC = AFC + AVC

Biaya Marjinal = TC/Q = TVC/Q

PowerPoint Slides by Robert F. Brooker

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Fungsi Biaya Jangka Pendek

Q 0 1 2 3 4 5 TFC $60 60 60 60 60 60 TVC $0 20 30 45 80 135 TC $60 80 90 105 140 195 AFC $60 30 20 15 12 AVC $20 15 15 20 27 ATC $80 45 35 35 39 MC $20 10 15 35 55

PowerPoint Slides by Robert F. Brooker

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PowerPoint Slides by Robert F. Brooker

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Fungsi Biaya Jangka Pendek

Rata-rata Biaya Tidak Tetap
AVC = TVC/Q = w/APL Biaya Marjinal

TC/Q = TVC/Q = w/MPL

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Kurva Biaya Jangka Panjang

Total Biaya Jalan Panjang = LTC = f(Q)
Rata-rata Biaya Jalan Panjang = LAC = LTC/Q
Biaya Marjinal Jalan Panjang

= LMC = LTC/Q

PowerPoint Slides by Robert F. Brooker

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Kurva Turunan Dari Biaya Jangka Panjang

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Kurva Yang Menunjukkan Hubungan Antara Rata-

rata Biaya Long-Run dan Short-Run

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Beberapa Bentuk Kurva LAC

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Minimalisasi Biaya Secara Internasional

Sumber-sumber Input Asing Neraca Ekonomi Internasional Yang Baru Perpindahan Tenaga Kerja Yang handal Brain Drain

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Arsitektur Sebuah Perusahaan Ideal

Inti Kecakapan Sumber Tugas tidak berinti Pembelajaran Organisasi Efisiensi dan Fleksibilitas Lokasi Dekat Pasar Ketangkasan dalam mengatasi tekanan pasar
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Analisa Biaya-Volume-Laba
Total Pendapatan = TR = (P)(Q)

Total Biaya = TC = TFC + (AVC)(Q) Breakeven Volume TR = TC (P)(Q) = TFC + (AVC)(Q) QBE = TFC/(P - AVC)
PowerPoint Slides by Robert F. Brooker Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.

Analisa Biaya-Volume-Laba
P = 10 TFC = 200

AVC = 5
QBE = 40

PowerPoint Slides by Robert F. Brooker

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Pengaruh Operasi
Pengaruh Operasi = TFC/TVC

Tingkat Pengaruh Operasi = DOL

% Q( P AVC ) DOL %Q Q( P AVC ) TFC

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Pengaruh Operasi
TC punya nilai DOL lebih tinggi dari TC juga lebih tinggi dari QBE

PowerPoint Slides by Robert F. Brooker

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Masalah Pengumpulan Data Secara Empiris Biaya Tak terduga harus dikurangi dari pembukuan tentang Biaya Biaya harus terbagi rata pada setiap Produk Biaya harus sesuai dengan Output lembur Biaya harus sesuai dengan Inflasi
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Estimasi Empiris
Format Teori Aproksimasi Linear

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Estimasi Empiris
LAC Aktual terhadap perkiraan LAC secara empiris

PowerPoint Slides by Robert F. Brooker

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