Rise of the Nation State

Rise of Nations
Preview: A nation-state is a country: Have a strong government Have political boundaries Are made up of people with a common language & culture How does this differ from what we have studied during the Middle Ages?

Middle Ages
Decline of Feudalism and the Rise of Nations in England & France

Rise of Nations
After decline of Rome, Western Europe fell under rule of many different groups of people Fighting occurred almost constantly among these groups Feudalism emerged as a form of government that offered protection

Rise of Nations
Except for Charlemagne, kings had very little power because their lands & power was transferred to the nobles BUT, in 1100s European monarchs (kings) began to build strong nation-states Nation-state is group of people under 1 government, with definite territorial borders, common culture & language

Strong Monarchies
England & France were Europes 1st nation-states The role of the monarchy (king) grew stronger in England & France in the 1300s The growth of nations led to the beginning of Nationalism (loyalty to a nation-state rather than feudal lord)

 After the collapse of the Roman Empire, England was dominated by 2 Germanic tribes: Angles & Saxons; groups combined in 866 & kingdom became known as England (Angleland)

England

England
Norman Invasion William, Duke of Normandy invaded England in 1066 & became a very powerful king of England (became known as William the Conqueror)

England
Williams grandson, Henry II, set up system of common lawusing judges & courts to make sure law is obeyed Grand Juries examined crimes Petit Juriesdecided guilt or innocence of suspects

England
Henry IIs son, John, was weak & unpopular king who upset feudal lords; forced him to sign Magna Carta in 1215 1st document to limit the power of a king (king could not collect taxes without approval of a Great Council of nobles)

England
As middle class began to grow, they wanted representation in Great Council; 1295, king allowed middle class to join became known as Parliament Parliament limited king by advising him on government decisions

Stronger MonarchiesWar of the Roses

In 1455, England had a civil war as 2 royal families claimed the throne: Lancaster (red rose) & York (white) Henry Tudor was related to both families & ended the civil warHenry was then named king

Stronger MonarchiesWar of the Roses

Effects: Many nobles died or fled during war, which strengthened monarchy & further reduced feudalism

France
KEY IDEA: Instead of creating a nation-state with strong king then limiting power of king like England, France creates a nation-state with strong king who got stronger

Early Roman Rule

Charlemagne
Conquers numerous tribes which leads to the rise of the Catholic Church Pope Leo III crowns him the Emperor of the Romans Effective leader
Divides empire into provinces Sent messengers to provinces known as missi dominici Sets up educational institutions

France
After Charlemagne died, Frankish kings were very weak; nobles in France ruled as if there was no king
Incompetent rulers follow Treaty of Verdun, 3 grandsons divide Division did not help
Invasions of the Norseman, Magyars and Moors

CAPETIAN DYNASTY
Hugh Capet
900 1000

Philip II
1200

Philip IV
1300

977-986

1180-1223

1285-1314

I. The Kingdom of France

A. Frankish empire decentralized after Charlemagne B. Hugh Capet (987)
1. First Capetian king 2. Controlled Area ONLY around Paris 3. Capetian nobles held more power than the king of area

I. The Kingdom of France

A. Capetians only held power in the area around France B. Not acknowledged in other parts of France

II. The Kingdom of France

A. Capetians only held power in the area around France B. Not acknowledged in other parts of France

Lle-de-France Isle of France

II. The Kingdom of France

A. Capetians only held power in the area around France B. Not acknowledged in other parts of France Isle: A small land mass surrounded by water

II. Kingdom of France

C. King Phillip II
1. Captured land from English in Western Europe 2. Took all the land of Jews and exiled them (anti-Semitism)

1180-1223

II. Kingdom of France

C. King Phillip II
1. Most importantly he created Treaties with Vassals giving him more influence within France
King Philip II

Henry I Duke of Brabant Arch Bishop of Cologne

Philip of Hinesburg

Count of Flanders

II. The Kingdom of France

D. Three Classes of French Society
1. Nobles 2. Priest 3. Commoners

II. The Kingdom of France

D. Three Class of French Society
1. Nobles 2. Clergy

II. The Kingdom of France

D. Three Class of French Society
1. Nobles 2. Clergy 3. Peasants

II. The Kingdom of France

A. Three Class of French Society
1. Nobles 2. Clergy 3. Peasants

B. Philip IV met with three classes (estatesgeneral): French Parliament

 Created Estates-Generalgroup of nobles, church members, peasants to help raise taxes But, Estates-General never became as powerful in France as Parliament was in Englandso The French king grew more powerful than the English king (who was limited by Parliament) as he continued to tax even the clergy

France

Middle Ages: Rise of Spain as a Nation

Spain
The Islamic Empire controlled most of Spain since 750 BUT, Christians began to retake Spain around time of Crusades (quest known as Reconquista) By late 1400s, the Reconquista was successful; Spain was ruled by exclusively by Christian kings But Spain was divided into feudal territoriesit was not unified

Islamic (Muslim) Territory

Islamic Territory

Spain
Spain was united when Isabella of Castile married Ferdinand of Aragon in 1469 Began Spanish Inquisitionused trials, torture, imprisonment to rid Spain of all Jews & Muslims (one king, one law, one faith)

Middle Ages: Rise of Russia as a Nation

Byzantines Influence Slavs

Slavsnomads migrated from Europe to Asia; warred with Byzantines Because of contact, Slavs began to convert to Christianity & adopted many Byzantine customs Cyril developed alphabet so they could read BibleCyrillic Alphabet Russian king was impressed with Hagia Sophia, developed Russia like Constantinople, not Rome

SLAVS

BYZANTINES

Russia
During 1200s, the Mongols invaded & ruled over all of Russia (& Asia and China, too!) But, in 1480 Ivan III refused to pay the Mongols tribute (taxes) & broke Russia free from Mongol control Ivan III became czar (Slavic word for king) & made Moscow capital of new empire

Russia
Under Ivan IV, the power of feudal lords was weakened & Russia conquered more land from Mongols; Ivan IV married Anastasia Romanov (Romanov family will be important later!!) But, Ivan IV ruled by terror, murdered thousands ofRussians, even his ownson (Was Ivan IV insane?)