Chemicals & Human Health Website www.biology.arizone.

edu/chh

Toxicology Problem Set N !"#

Chemicals & Human Health Toxicology Problem Set# Student Sheet %irections nswer the &re'(uestions )circle the answer in the Pre'*uestions column+. -o to the website www.biology.arizona.edu/chh and clic. on the lin. to the Toxicology Problem Set. C. Write the correct answer in the column labeled Correct nswer. ll o/ the answers can be /ound in the Toxicology Problem Set. %. "x&lain the correct answer.
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Pre'*uestions
)circle the answer you thin. is correct+

Corre ct ns wer
)write the letter o/ the correct answer /rom the website+

"x&lain
)ex&lain the correct answer+

Which statement is the most correct0 . Chemicals manu/actured by humans are more dangerous to human health than naturally occurring chemicals. ,. ,oth natural and human'made chemicals are &otentially toxic to humans. C. Naturally occurring chemicals are more &oisonous to humans than synthetic chemicals. 3ne o/ the items below is a hazardous substance. 4our are sources o/ a hazardous substances. Which one is a hazardous substance0 . clogged /urnace ,. cigarette C. a dog %. &aint a&&lied be/ore 5678 ". dust mite &arts

-i1e an exam&le o/ each Natural toxic substance# 2attlesna.e &oison

!an'made toxic substance# %%T

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What is a common health e//ect o/ this hazard0 %ust mite &articles What is the source /or this hazard0 %ust mites 9ist : additional exam&les o/ a hazard and its source# !old s&ores and lead /rom batteries

www.biology.arizone.edu/chh Which o/ the /ollowing is N3T a &ossible route o/ entry /or a hazard0 . ingestion ,. absor&tion C. ex&osure %. inhalation

Toxicology Problem Set

N !"# %escribe the &rimary ways a hazard can enter the body# ;ngestion< bsor&tion< and ;nhalation Which route o/ entry may result in more o/ the toxicant in the blood and why0 ;nhalation since it enters the blood stream the /astest

www.biology.arizone.edu/chh N !"#

Toxicology Problem Set

When %%T< a &esticide< enters the human body< it is . . water soluble and is easily excreted in urine. ,. stored in the bones. C. not toxic< but is &rocessed by enzymes and becomes a di//erent com&ound which is toxic. %. /at soluble and can be stored in /at tissue. Who too. the largest dosage o/ as&irin0 . an adult woman who weighs 5:> lbs. and too. ?@@ mg o/ as&irin ,. a teenage boy who weighs 5?> lbs. and too. $@@ mg o/ as&irin C. a baby who weighs :@ lbs. and too. 5@@ mg o/ as&irin %. a chihuahua who weighs > lbs. and too. >@ mg o/ as&irin Which will N3T hel& you determine the dose o/ a hazardous gas recei1ed by a &erson0 . their res&iration rate

%e/ine solubility# The ability to dissol1e in water What ty&e o/ chemical is more easily eliminated /rom the body< water'soluble or /at'soluble0 Water'soluble ,ased on your answer abo1e< is %%T easily eliminated /rom our bodies0 Why0 ;t isn=t eliminated (uic.ly since it is stored in /at tissues and is only eliminated through urine

%e/ine dose# The s&eci/ic amount o/ a chemical the enters the body Calculate the dose /or each &erson/animal in the (uestion )show your calculations and include units+# Women# ?@@mg/5:>lbA:.Bmg/lb ,oy# $@@mg/5?>lbAB.Bmg/lb ,aby# 5@@mg/:@lbA>mg/lb %og#>@mg/>lbA5@mg/lb

Will the dose be higher or lower i/# a &erson breathes more ra&idly0

,. their length o/ ex&osure to the gas C. the source o/ the gas %. their /re(uency o/ ex&osure to the gas ". the concentration o/ the gas 4. the gas=s chemical and biological &ro&erties

;t will be higher a &erson is ex&osed once0 ;t will be lower a &erson is ex&osed o1er years0 ;t would be higher the gas is easily absorbed0 ;t would be higher 8

www.biology.arizone.edu/chh N !"# !ost hazardous substances exhibit a Cdose'res&onse relationshi&.C What does this mean0 . The harm caused by the hazard increases as the amount o/ hazard entering the body )dose+ increases. ,. ;t does not matter how big a dose you recei1e< you will always ha1e same amount o/ harm/sic.ness. C. "x&osure to the hazard always results in harm. %. 4i/ty &ercent o/ the &eo&le will die when ex&osed to @.5 mg/.g. /amily home has a clogged /urnace that is &roducing carbon monoxide< a hazardous gas. Which /amily member is li.ely to be harmed the most0 . ,illy< the son who is in 5st grade ,. ,aby Shea< who is going to be in &reschool next year C. Darla< the nanny who cares /or the toddler e1ery wee.day morning %. !s. Nguyen< the mother who wor.s at home. ". !r. Nguyen< the /ather who wor.s at the Eni1ersity ll o/ the &eo&le listed below li1e in the same house. Who is most li.ely to ex&erience toxic e//ects /rom the second'hand smo.e0 . the grandmother< who is 1ery /it ,. the mother< who smo.es C. the /ather< who smo.es %. the teenage daughter< who has asthma ". the son< who is in >th grade %raw a dose'res&onse cur1e#

Toxicology Problem Set

-i1e : reasons /or your answer The baby is young so it ta.es less time o/ ex&osure and the baby won=t thin. it=s bad since it=s still a baby

"x&lain your answer# The teenage daughter with asthma since her lungs are already damaged and she is the least healthiest o/ the grou&

www.biology.arizone.edu/chh There are se1eral ways to control or reduce your ex&osure to a hazard. 3&ening a window in a room /ull o/ &eo&le who are smo.ing is an exam&le o/ controlling your ex&osure to en1ironmental tobacco smo.e by . . treating the sym&toms o/ the hazard ,. diluting the hazard C. distancing yoursel/ /rom the hazard %. remo1ing the hazard Which en1ironmental health scientist would determine ways to &re1ent and reduce ex&osure to second hand smo.e0

Toxicology Problem Set

N !"# "x&lain your answer# ir /rom outside reduces the concentration there /or reducing ex&osure between you and the chemical -i1e : additional exam&les o/ how to control or reduce ex&osure to a hazard# Ese a gas mas. and &utting distance between you and the hazard

. a toxicologist ,. an e&idemiologist C. an industrial hygienist %. an occu&ational and

en1ironmental medicine &hysician ". a &harmacologist

%o any o/ the careers described in this (uestion interest you0 Why or why not0 Careers in this /ield do interest me since ; ha1e decided to &ursue the career o/ a aeros&ace enginner

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