Annotated Bibliography

Bolger, N., & Kellaghan, T. Method of Measurement and Gender Differences in Scholastic Achievement. Journal of Educational Measurement, V.27, N.2, Summer 1990. This article compares the correlation between 15 year old girls and boys on multiple choice versus free response. They found that boys have an advantage because they tend to guess better on multiple choice exams, which leads to a disadvantage for females. This could be used for support of the gender bias of the SAT in my paper. I also do not see much bias because it is providing results from an experiment.

CNN. (2011, April 19). CNN: is the SAT biased?. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bIYeFNalyJ4&edufilter=Db24N54Eu_vpe4P65Iz5Fa&safe= active This video showed two perspectives of the SAT. One side stating that the SAT should be an option for the college application process because how it is used is biased. The fair test states that when colleges use the SAT as a primary indication of admission is a bad thing. And the other side (College Board) states that the test is not bias. The difference of scores is due to the gap of achievement in American. It is not the test that is biased it is just the nature of the country. The host then disagrees and states that income, education level, and race affects SAT scores and therefore is biased. He also says that as a result we should make the SAT less important in the college admissions. This video has the purpose of showing both sides of the issue to prevent biases. It can be used in my article in order to provide an anti-thesis of my view and also to discuss how to improve the use of the SAT test.

Crain, W. (2004). Biased test. ENCOUNTER: Education for meaning and social justice, 17(3), 2-4. When creating the new version of the SAT, the makers threw out the questions where the a higher number of African American or Latino student answered correctly because answering those questions correctly didnt correlate with high scores. Freedle, an ETS researcher, found that black students perform better at the hard level questions and whites perform better at easy level questions because they are based off of everyday language for the middle class yet the hard questions are vocab from textbooks. Freedle believes that the test should have only hard level questions. This article also states that the SAT is one of the main issues with low graduation rates in African Americans and Latinos. This article could be biased when talking about the decreased motivation of African American students. This could be used in my article as a reason for why Black students dont do well on the SAT.

FairTest, . (n.d.). SAT, ACT biased persist. Retrieved from http://www.fairtest.org/sat-act-biaspersist The SAT is not only biased between races but also between gender and income. Boys score higher on the SAT but research has proven that females perform better in both high school and college. This article also talks about the ACT yet it does not pertain to my topic. This article could be biased because it is written by the Fair Test group which advocates making the SAT optional. This could be used in my article as a means to discuss the different types of biases in the test.

Groves, M. (2001, August 29). SAT's gender gap widening. Retrieved from http://articles.latimes.com/2001/aug/29/news/mn-39684 The gap between male and female scores is increasing. Males generally score higher overall and especially in Math. These results are poor at predicting the success because girls overall are more successful in college than boys. These disparities are most likely because girls often answer the math questions how they are taught to in class but boys find the easier and faster method to answering the question. Therefore the SAT provides an advantage in receiving scholarships for males because many of based off of SAT scores. This article is merely stating statistics and providing some possible reasons for such outcome therefore the biases is kept at a minimum. I plan to use this in my paper as evidence to where there are such biases in the SAT.

Mathews, J. (2010, July 8). Your SAT score has little to do with your life. Retrieved from http://voices.washingtonpost.com/class-struggle/2010/07/your_sat_score_has_little_to_d.html One success is not based off of how well they do on the SAT. Success is less about the knowledge you have and more about what you do with it and the opportunities you take advantage of. No test can measure the skills that matter most in life: creativity, perseverance, collaboration, vision, self-discipline and the like, said Bob Schaeffer. The only thing getting in the way of ones success is self-determination which is determined long before the student takes the SAT test. There is a wide variety of people who are successful yet received low scores. This article may be a little bias with what his definition of successful is yet his viewpoint is a good point that I could use in my article.

Mathews, J. (2004, June 23). Bad scores, good company. Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A61961-2004Jun22.html

This article makes the assertion that the failure to achieve high scores on the SAT test doesnt mean it leads to failure of life success. It provides multiple stories of how one received a low SAT score yet became successful in life achieving different high paid jobs such as senate, professor, and priest. It also talks about how negative the counselors were with the students when they didnt receive high score, stating they shouldnt even think about college. Edgar, a Methodist minister and having served six terms in Congress bit received a low SAT scores, states that he believes counselors should be more positive and provide hope. We cannot base one success off of their ability to take a test. This article was written by the same man as the previous article therefore given the same biases; the definition of successful is different for everyone. This could be used in my article in order to back up my assertion that SAT scores are overvalued.

Paulos, J. A. (2013, July 1). Do SAT scores really predict success?. Retrieved from http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/WhosCounting/story?id=98373&page=1&singlePage=true In this article it discusses the correlation between college GPA and SAT test scores. It states that there would be a greater correlation between the two if colleges did not accept people from such a narrow array of scores. This results in no correlation because a student with high SAT scores who goes to an elite college could very well have the same college GPA as someone who got low SAT scores but goes to a community college. I could use this article in my essay as a point to why there is no correlation so that the lack of a correlation cant be a assertion against my paper. I also dont believe that this article

is biased at all because it is simply providing information and not opinionated remarks.

Taylor, O., & Lee, D. L. Standardized tests and African Americans: communication and language issues. In A. G. Hillard III (Ed.), Testing African American Students: Special Re-Issue of The Negro Educational Review. Morristown, NJ: Aaron Press, 1991. States that the bias behind the SAT for races is because of the assumption that all test takers have the same cognitive learning style, yet a different learning style doesnt mean that any one style has more ability over the other. Therefore the assumption needs to be reevaluated because they test benefits one learning style over the other. This article could be biased in the definition of learning styles yet the not so much so to be unreliable. This can be used in my paper to provide a point about the bias in SAT scores.

Wade, L. (2012, August 29). The correlation between income and SAT scores. Retrieved from http://thesocietypages.org/socimages/2012/08/29/the-correlation-between-income-and-satscores/ This article talks about how College Board did research on whether or not family income affects the students results of the SAT. They found that the two did in fact correlate and provided a graph of such findings. They stated that the reason behind this correlation was because of the nature of a wealthy family. If a student has a higher income they often go to a better school, have more involved parents, and can spend money on preparing for the SAT. Another reason they provided was that the SAT test is made by those with a higher income and therefore there may be a bias with the questions needing class knowledge to answer the question properly, for example, needing to know things about golf rather than

basketball. This information has little to no biases because they are simply providing insight to what could be the cause of this correlation. I could use this in my paper as proof as to why the SAT shouldnt be overvalued.