DEPT. OF ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING.

NOT TO BE REMOVED FROM EXAM ROOM.

University of Surrey
Department of Electronic Engineering
Tables of constants, formul and transforms

12th edition, JHBD March 2010

CONTENTS
PHYSICAL CONSTANTS etc.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONSreal argument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONSreal argument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
TRIGONOMETRIC AND HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONScomplex argument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
BESSEL FUNCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
DERIVATIVES AND INTEGRALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
SERIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
LAPLACE TRANSFORMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
LAPLACE TRANSFORMS OF SIMPLE FUNCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Z TRANSFORMS functions of t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Z TRANSFORMS functions of n = 0, 1, 2 . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

TWO-PORT EQUATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
MAXWELLS EQUATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
VECTOR IDENTITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
FOURIER SERIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
FOURIER TRANSFORMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
FOURIER TRANSFORMS OF FUNCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
AREA UNDER THE GAUSSIAN ERROR CURVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

PHYSICAL CONSTANTS etc.

1.602 18 1019

Elementary positive charge

Charge on electron

qe

Unified atomic mass constant

mu

Rest mass of electron

me

Magnetic constant

Electric constant

Speed of light in free space

c0

2.997 92 108

m/s

Intrinsic impedance of free space

Z0

376.73

Avogadro constant

L, NA

6.022 14 1023

mol1

1.380 66 1023

J/K

1.602 18 1019
1.660 54 1027

9.109 39 1031
4 107

8.854 19 1012

C
C
kg
kg
H/m
F/m

6.022 14 1023

Avogadro number
Boltzmann constant

Planck constant

Stefan-Boltzmann radiation constant

6.626 08 1034

Js

5.670 51 108

Acceleration due to gravity

9.806 65

m s2

Angstrom

1010

Base of natural logarithms

2.718 282

Circumference/diameter for circle

3.141 593

W m2 K4

Values taken from IEE pamphlet:

Units and Symbols for Electrical and Electronic Engineering, June 1997 edition.

TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
(Real argument)
ej = cos + j sin ,
sin

sin()

cos

cos()

tan

tan()

sin2

cos2

tan2

sin 2

2 sin cos

cos 2

tan 2

cos2 sin2
2 tan
1 tan2

1 cos2

1 sin2
1 cos 2
1 + cos 2

=
=
=

ej ej
2j
ej + ej
2
sin
cos

ej = cos j sin

=
=
=

1
cosec
1
sec
1
cot

2 cos2 1

sin A cos B cos A sin B

cos(A B)

tan(A B)

cos A cos B sin A sin B

tan A tan B
1 tan A tan B

sin A sin B

cos A cos B

sin A cos B

1 [cos(A B) cos(A + B)]

2
1 [cos(A B) + cos(A + B)]
2
1 [sin(A B) + sin(A + B)]
2
=

sin A sin B

cos A + cos B

cos A cos B

B cos A B
2 sin A +
 2 
 2 
A

B
B
2 sin
cos A +
 2 
 2 
B cos A B
2 cos A +
2


 2

B sin A B
2 sin A +
2
2


ej ej
j(ej + ej )

1
2 (1 cos 2)
1 (1 + cos 2)
2
sec2 1

sin(A B)

sin A + sin B

1 2 sin2

HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS
(Real argument)
sinh

sinh()

cosh

cosh()

tanh

tanh()

cosh2 1

(e e )
2
(e + e )
2
sinh
cosh

=
=
=

1
cosech
1
sech
1
e e
=
coth
e + e

cosh 2 1
2
cosh 2 + 1
2
1 sech 2

sinh2

cosh2

tanh2

sinh2 + 1
cosh 2 1
cosh 2 + 1

sinh 2

2 sinh cosh

cosh 2

tanh 2

cosh2 + sinh2 = 2 cosh2 1 = 1 + 2 sinh2

2 tanh
1 + tanh2

=
=
=

sinh(A B)

sinh A cosh B cosh A sinh B

cosh(A B)

tanh(A B)

cosh A cosh B sinh A sinh B

tanh A tanh B
1 tanh A tanh B

sinh A sinh B

cosh A cosh B

sinh A cosh B

arcsinh x

ln(x +

arccosh x

arctanh x

1 [cosh(A + B) cosh(A B)]

2
1 [cosh(A + B) + cosh(A B)]
2
1
2 [sinh(A + B) + sinh(A B)]

x2 + 1)

ln(x + x2 1)
1 1+x
2 ln 1 x

TRIGONOMETRIC AND HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS

(Complex argument)
sin(j)

j sinh

sinh(j)

j sin

cos(j)

cosh

cosh(j)

cos

tan(j)

j tanh

tanh(j)

j tan

sin(A jB)

sin A cosh B j cos A sinh B

cos(A jB)

tan(A jB)

cos A cosh B j sin A sinh B

tan A j tanh B
1 j tan A tanh B

sinh(A jB)

sinh A cos B j cosh A sin B

cosh(A jB)

tanh(A jB)

cosh A cos B j sinh A sin B

tanh A j tan B
1 j tanh A tan B
BESSEL FUNCTIONS

Definition and series

J0 (x)

Jn (x) =

x4
x6
x2
1

+ ...
cos(x cos ) d = 1 2 +
0"
2
(2 4)2 (2 4 6)#2
x4
x2
xn
+
...
1

2n n!
2(2n + 2) (2 4)(2n + 2)(2n + 4)
Z

Expansions in terms of Bessel functions

cos(x cos ) = J0 (x) 2J2 (x) cos 2 + 2J4 (x) cos 4 . . .
sin(x cos )

= 2J1 (x) cos 2J3 (x) cos 3 + 2J5 (x) cos 5 . . .

Derivatives of Bessel functions

d
J0 (x) = J1 (x)
dx

d
J1 (x)
J1 (x) = J0 (x)
dx
x
5

DERIVATIVES AND INTEGRALS

dy
dx

y(x)
xn

nxn1

xn+1

1
x

x12

ln x

eax

aeax

ax
ln x

ax ln a
1
x

sin ax

a cos ax

cos ax

a sin ax

sinh ax

a sec2 ax
p 1
a2 x2
p 1
a2 x2
a
a2 + x2
a cosh ax

cosh ax

a sinh ax

tanh ax

a sech 2 ax

arcsinh x
a

p 1

tan ax
arcsin x
a

arccos x
a

arctan x
a

arccosh x
a
arctanh x
a
x sin ax
x cos ax

Principal values.

n+1

where

eax
a
ax
ln a
x(ln x 1)

y dx
n 6= 1

a > 0, a 6= 1
x>0

cosaax
sin ax
a
ln(cos ax)

x arcsin x
a2 x2
+
a

2
2
x arccos x
a a x

a
x2
x arctan x
a 2 ln 1 + a2
cosh ax
a
sinh ax
a


a ln(cosh ax)

2
2
x arcsinh x
a x +a

2
2
x arccosh x
a x a

a2 + x2
p 1
x2 a2
a
a2 x2
ax cos ax + sin ax

a
x2
x arctanh x
a + 2 ln 1 a2
xa cos ax + a12 sin ax


ax sin ax + cos ax

x
a

sin ax +

1
a2

dv
du
d
dx (uv) = u dx + v dx
d ( u ) = 1 (v du u dv )
dx v
dx
v 2 dx
R
R
u dv = uv v du
6

cos ax

SERIES

Taylor
h2
hr
f (a) + . . . + f (r) (a) + . . .
2!
r!

f (a + h) = f (a) + hf (a) +

f 
x x=a, y=b ,

fxy =

2f 
xy x=a, y=b ,

dr f 
dxr x=a


(h2 fxx + 2hkfxy + k2 fyy )

+ ...
2!

f (a + h, b + k) = f (a, b) + (hfx + kfy ) +

where fx =

where f (r) (a) =

etc.

Fourier
For periodic f (t) with period T0 and with 0 = 2/T0 :
f (t) =

X
X
a0 X
+
an cos n0 t +
bn sin n0 t =
n ejn0 t
2
n=
n=1
n=1

where

2
an =
T0

2
T0

bn =

n =

1
T0

T0 /2
T0 /2

f (t) cos n0 t dt

T0 /2

f (t) sin n0 t dt

T0 /2
Z T0 /2

f (t)ejn0 t dt

T0 /2

Common expansions
(1 + x)n = 1 + nx +

Binomial series:

n(n 1) 2
n!
x + ... +
xr + . . .
2!
r!(n r)!

(Finite series if n is a positive integer or zero. If not, infinite series, convergent for |x| < 1.)
ex

1+x+

ln(1 + x)

sin x

cos x

arctan x

x2
2!

+ ...

x2
2

x3
3

x3
3!

x5
5!

x2
2!

x4
4!

x5

x3

all x

...

1 < x 1

...

all x

...

all x

...

|x| 1
7

LAPLACE TRANSFORMS

F (s) =

f (t)est dt

f (t)
af1 (t) + bf2 (t)
d
dt f (t)
d2 f (t)
dt2
dn f (t)
dtn
Rt
0

0 0

s2 F (s) sf (0) f (0)

sn F (s) sn1 f (0) sn2 f (0) . . . f n1 (0)

f (v) dv du

tf (t)

tn f (t)

aF1 (s) + bF2 (s)

sF (s) f (0)

f (u) du

RtRu

F (s)

n>0

F (s)
s
F (s)
s2
d F (s)
ds
n
(1)n d n F (s)
ds

1 f (t)
t
Rt
0 f (t u)g(u) du = f (t) g(t)

F (s) G(s)

eat f (t)

F (s a)

f (t a) with f (t) = 0 for t < 0

eas F (s)

1 t
af(a)

a>0

R
0

F (u) du

F (as)

Re f (t)

Re F (s)

Im f (t)

Im F (s)

f (t), where

f (t), where

f (t + a) = f (t)

f (t + a) = f (t)

a>0

1
1 eas

1
1 + eas

f (t)est dt

0
a
0

f (t)est dt

Laplace Transforms of Simple Functions

f (t)
H(t)
(t)

F (s)
1
s

(Heaviside function or unit step)

(Dirac -function)

n1

t
(n 1)!

1
sn

(n = 2, 3, 4 . . .)

(t)1/2

1
(s + a)
1
(s + a)2
1
(s + a)n
1
(s + a)(s + b)
1
s2 + a2
s
s2 + a2
1
s2 a2
s
s2 a2
s1/2

2( t )1/2

s3/2

1 (1 cos at)
a2
1 (at sin at)
a3
1 (sin at at cos at)
2a3
t
2a sin at
1
2a (sin at + at cos at)

1
s(s2 + a2 )
1
s2 (s2 + a2 )
1
(s2 + a2 )2
s
(s2 + a2 )2
s2
2
(s + a2 )2
s2 a2
(s2 + a2 )2

eat

teat
tn1 eat
(n 1)!
eat ebt
ba
1 sin at
a
cos at
1
a sinh at
cosh at

t cos at

Laplace Transforms of Simple Functions (continued)

f (t)
eat cos t where
1 at sin t
e

where

F (s)

s+a
s2 + 2as + b
1
s2 + 2as + b
1 eas
s

b a2

= b a2

H(t a) Heaviside function starting at t = a

H(t) H(t a) rectangular pulse, equal to 1 from 0 to a
1
at
a (1 e )


1 1 b eat + a ebt
ab 
ba
ba

1 b( a) eat + a( b) ebt
ab
ba
ba
1 (aeat bebt )
ab


1
( a)eat ( b)ebt
ba
eat
ebt
ect
+
+
(b a)(c a) (c b)(a b) (a c)(b c)
( a)eat
( b)ebt
( c)ect
+
+
(b
(c b)(a b) (a c)(b c)
p a)(c a)
2 + 2 sin(t + ) = arctan

sin(t + )
p

a2 + 2 cos(t + )
2
where = arctan
a
at
e
+ p 1
sin(t )
a2 + 2 a2 + 2
where = arctan
a
a
2

1 (1 eas )
s
1
s(s + a)
1
s(s + a)(s + b)
s+
s(s + a)(s + b)
s
(s + a)(s + b)
s+
(s + a)(s + b)
1
(s + a)(s + b)(s + c)
s+
(s + a)(s + b)(s + c)
s+
s2 + 2
s sin + cos
s2 + 2
s+a
s(s2 + 2 )
1
(s + a)(s2 + 2 )
s+a
(s + a)2 + 2

eat cos t
q

(b a)2 + 2 at
e
sin(t + )

where = arctan
ba

s+b
(s + a)2 + 2

10

Laplace Transforms of Simple Functions (continued)

f (t)

F (s)

1
p 1
eat sin(bt + )
a2 + b2 b a2 + b2

1

s (s + a)2 + b2

p
1 q1
et sin(t 1 2 + )
2

2 1 2

1
s(s2 + 2s + 2 )

where

where

+ 1b
a + b2
2

= arctan ab

= arccos

( a)2 + b2 at
e
sin(bt + )
a2 + b2

b + arctan b
= arctan
a
a
at
eq
sin(bt + )
ect
+
(c a)2 + b2 b (c a)2 + b2
b
where = arctan a
c
at
ct
sin(bt
+ )
e
1

+ p e
q
2
2
c(a + b ) c (c a)2 + b2
2
2
b a + b (c a)2 + b2
where

b
= arctan ab + arctan a
c
ct
(c

)e


+ 
c(a2 + b2 ) c (c a)2 + b2
where

s+

s (s + a2 ) + b2


1

(s + c) (s + a)2 + b2


 1

s +

s(s + c) (s + a)2 + b2

s(s + c) (s + a)2 + b2

( a)2 + b2
q
+ p
eat sin(bt + )
2
2
2
2
b a + b (c a) + b
b + arctan b + arctan b
where = arctan
a
a
ac
1 (at 1 + eat )
a2
1 (1 eat ateat )
a2
1 eat + a(a )teat

a2

11

1
s2 (s + a)
1
s(s + a)2
s+
s(s + a)2

Z TRANSFORMS functions of t

Laplace Transform

Z Transform

F (s)

F (z)

f (t)
(t)

1
s

z
z1

1
s2

Tz
(z 1)2

t2

2
s3

Unit impulse
H(t)
Heaviside function or unit step

tn

T 2 z(z + 1)
(z 1)3
n
lim (1)n n
a
a0

n!

sn+1

z
z eaT

eat

1
s+a

z
z eaT

teat

1
(s + a)2

T z eaT
(z eaT )2

sin t

s2 + 2

z sin T
z 2 2z cos T + 1

cos t

s
s2 + 2

z(z cos T )
z 2 2z cos T + 1

eat sin t

(s + a)2 + 2

z eaT sin T
z 2z eaT cos T + e2aT

eat cos t

(s + a)
(s + a)2 + 2

z 2 z eaT cos T
z 2z eaT cos T + e2aT

1 eat

a
s(s + a)

12

z(1 eaT )
(z 1)(z eaT )

Z TRANSFORMS functions of n = 0, 1, 2, . . .

Z Transform
f (n)

F (z)

(n) [Unit impulse]

H(n) [Unit step]

z
z1

z
(z 1)2

n2

z(z + 1)
(z 1)3

nk

k
lima0 (1)k k
a

bn

z
zb

nbn

zb
(z b)2

sin an

z sin a
z 2 2z cos a + 1

cos an

z(z cos a)
z 2 2z cos a + 1

bn sin an

zb sin a
z 2 2zb cos a + b2

bn cos an

z 2 zb cos a
z 2zb cos a + b2

1 bn

z(1 b)
(z 1)(z b)

13

z
z ea

TWO-PORT EQUATIONS
v1 = z11 i1 + z12 i2
Impedance equations

v2 = z21 i1 + z22 i2
i1 = y11 v1 + y12 v2

Admittance equations

i2 = y21 v1 + y22 v2
v1 = a11 v2 a12 i2

Transmission equations

i1 = a21 v2 a22 i2
v2 = b11 v1 b12 i1

Inverse Transmission Equations

i2 = b21 v1 b22 i1
v1 = h11 i1 + h12 v2

Hybrid Equations

i2 = h21 i1 + h22 v2
i1 = g11 v1 + g12 i2

Inverse Hybrid Equations

v2 = g21 v1 + g22 i2

MAXWELLS EQUATIONS & VECTOR IDENTITIES

Maxwells equations
B
t
Stokes theorem; A = A(x, y, z) is an arbitrary vector field
D = f

B =0

E =

curve A dl =
bounding S

ZZ

surface S

H = Jf +

D
t

( A) dS

Divergence theorem
ZZ

ZZZ

A dS
A dv =
surface S enclosing v
volume v
Selected identities involving ; here, = (x, y, z) is an arbitrary scalar field
( ) = 0
( A) = 0
(A) = ( A) + A ()

(A) = ( A) A ()

( A) = ( A) 2 A
14

FOURIER SERIES
f (t)

Trigonometric form (0 = 2/T )

1
0

X 4

Complex form
n jn/2 jn0 t
e
e
n
2
n = 1, 3, 5, . . .
X 2

sin n0 t

n
n = 1, 3, 5, . . .

8
cos n0 t
2 n2
n = 1, 3, 5, . . .

sin

-1
1
0

-1
1
T
0

X
2

n
n=1

(1)n+1 sin n0 t

-1
d
1

d + X 2 sin n0 d cos n t
0
T
n
2
n=1

Half-wave rectified sine

cos 2n0 t
1 + sin 0 t 2 X

2
(2n 1)(2n + 1)
n=1

T
Full-wave rectified sine

cos 2n0 t
24 X

(2n 1)(2n + 1)
n=1

15

d + X 1 sin n0 d ejn0 t
T
n
2
n=
n6=0

FOURIER TRANSFORMS

F () =

f (t) =

f (t)ejt dt

1
2

F ()ejt d

Notation
f (t)
F () means F () is the Fourier transform of f (t) and f (t) is the inverse
Fourier transform of F ().
Fourier Transform Properties
Property

Time domain

Frequency domain

Linearity

af (t) + bg(t)

aF () + bG()
 
1

F
|a|
a

Time scaling

f (at)

Time shifting

f (t )

Modulation

ej0 t f (t)

F ( 0 )

Differentiation (with respect to time)

dn f (t)
dtn

(j)n F ()

Differentiation (with respect to frequency)

tn f (t)

n
(j)n d n F ()
d

Integration (with respect to time)

f (u) du

ej F ()

1
j F () + F (0)()

g(t)
2g()
G() implies G(t)

Duality

h(t)
h(f )
H(f ) implies H(t)

16

FOURIER TRANSFORMS OF FUNCTIONS

f (t)
Dirac delta function
Unit 1
Step

F ()
(t)

H(t)

1
j + ()

2c()

ej0 t

2( 0 )

sin 0 t

j (( 0 ) ( + 0 ))

cos 0 t

(( 0 ) + ( + 0 ))

Constant

Rectangular 1
pulse

-d/2

d/2

Triangular
pulse

-d/2

2
d
sin 2

8 sin2 d
4
2d
0

Gaussian
pulse

d/2
1
2

ekt
0

17

e2 /4k
k

AREA UNDER THE GAUSSIAN ERROR CURVE

The table below gives the area under the Gaussian error curve between 0 and z, where z =
Example: Area between z = 0 and z = 1.72 is 0.4573.
z
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8

.01

.02

.03

.04

.05

.06

.07

.08

.09

.0000
.0398
.0793
.1179
.1554
.1915
.2257
.2580
.2881
.3159
.3413
.3643
.3849
.4032
.4192
.4332
.4452
.4554
.4641
.4713
.4772
.4821
.4861
.4893
.4918
.4938
.4953
.4965
.4974
.4981
.4987
.4990
.4993
.4995
.4997
.4998
.4998
.4999
.4999

.0040
.0438
.0832
.1217
.1591
.1950
.2291
.2611
.2910
.3186
.3438
.3665
.3869
.4049
.4207
.4345
.4463
.4564
.4649
.4719
.4778
.4826
.4864
.4896
.4920
.4940
.4955
.4966
.4975
.4982
.4987
.4991
.4993
.4995
.4997
.4998
.4998
.4999
.4999

.0080
.0478
.0871
.1255
.1628
.1985
.2324
.2642
.2939
.3212
.3461
.3686
.3888
.4066
.4222
.4357
.4474
.4573
.4656
.4726
.4783
.4830
.4868
.4898
.4922
.4941
.4956
.4967
.4976
.4982
.4987
.4991
.4994
.4995
.4997
.4998
.4999
.4999
.4999

.0120
.0517
.0910
.1293
.1664
.2019
.2357
.2673
.2967
.3238
.3485
.3708
.3907
.4082
.4236
.4370
.4484
.4582
.4664
.4732
.4788
.4834
.4871
.4901
.4925
.4943
.4957
.4968
.4977
.4983
.4988
.4991
.4994
.4996
.4997
.4998
.4999
.4999
.4999

.0160
.0557
.0948
.1331
.1700
.2054
.2389
.2704
.2995
.3264
.3508
.3729
.3925
.4099
.4251
.4382
.4495
.4591
.4671
.4738
.4793
.4838
.4875
.4904
.4927
.4945
.4959
.4969
.4977
.4984
.4988
.4992
.4994
.4996
.4997
.4998
.4999
.4999
.4999

.0199
.0596
.0987
.1368
.1736
.2088
.2422
.2734
.3023
.3289
.3531
.3749
.3944
.4115
.4265
.4394
.4505
.4599
.4678
.4744
.4798
.4842
.4878
.4906
.4929
.4946
.4960
.4970
.4978
.4984
.4989
.4992
.4994
.4996
.4997
.4998
.4999
.4999
.4999

.0239
.0636
.1026
.1406
.1772
.2123
.2454
.2764
.3051
.3315
.3554
.3770
.3962
.4131
.4279
.4406
.4515
.4608
.4686
.4750
.4803
.4846
.4881
.4909
.4931
.4948
.4961
.4971
.4979
.4985
.4989
.4992
.4994
.4996
.4997
.4998
.4999
.4999
.4999

.0279
.0675
.1064
.1443
.1808
.2157
.2486
.2794
.3078
.3340
.3577
.3790
.3980
.4147
.4292
.4418
.4525
.4616
.4693
.4756
.4808
.4850
.4884
.4911
.4932
.4949
.4962
.4972
.4979
.4985
.4989
.4992
.4995
.4996
.4997
.4998
.4999
.4999
.5000

.0319
.0714
.1103
.1480
.1844
.2190
.2517
.2823
.3106
.3365
.3599
.3810
.3997
.4162
.4306
.4429
.4535
.4625
.4699
.4761
.4812
.4854
.4887
.4913
.4934
.4951
.4963
.4973
.4980
.4986
.4990
.4993
.4995
.4996
.4997
.4998
.4999
.4999
.5000

.0359
.0753
.1141
.1517
.1879
.2224
.2549
.2852
.3133
.3389
.3621
.3830
.4015
.4177
.4319
.4441
.4545
.4633
.4706
.4767
.4817
.4857
.4890
.4916
.4936
.4952
.4964
.4974
.4981
.4986
.4990
.4993
.4995
.4997
.4998
.4998
.4999
.4999
.5000

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x|
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