Education in the Philippines

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Education in the Philippines

Department of Education Commission on Higher Education Technical Education and Skills Development Authority Armin Luistro Secretary of Education Patricia Licuanan Chairwoman of Higher Education Director-General of Technical Education and Skills Development Joel Villanueva National education budget (20132014) 292.7 billion [1] (US$ 6.9 billion) Budget Around 12 thousand (around US$ 284) Per student General details Filipino, English, Philippine regional languages Primary languages Centralized System type National Enrollment (20122013) 23,864,801[2] (total of public and private schools) Total 2,213,973 Kindergartens[2] plus 14,523,353[2] (total Primary of public and private schools) 7,127,475[2] (only junior high school) Secondary Unknown Post secondary Education in the Philippines prior to the mid-20th century was patterned on the educational systems of its earlier colonial powers, those of both Spain and the United States. However, after the liberation of the Philippines in 1946 its educational system changed radically. The Philippines' Department of Education (or DepEd) administers the entire educational system, especially its curriculum, along with the utilization of given funds for school services, equipment, recruitment of teachers (for public schools only), etc.

The former educational system of the Philippines was composed of 6 years of elementary education starting at the age of 6,[3] and 4 years of high school education starting at the age of 12.[4] Under this system compulsory education was not enforced. However, 2011 signaled the start of the implementation of a new educational system, which is the compulsory K-12 educational system[5] that includes the new curricula for all schools (see 2010s and the K-12 program). All public and private schools in the Philippines must start classes from a date mandated by the Department of Education (usually every first Monday of June for public schools only), and must end after each school completes the mandated 200-day school calendar of DepEd (usually around the third week of March to the second week of April).

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Contents

1 History o 1.1 Pre-Spanish period o 1.2 Spanish period o 1.3 First Republic

1.4 American period 1.5 Third Republic 1.6 Fourth Republic 1.7 Fifth Republic 1.8 2000s 1.9 2010s and the K-12 program 1.9.1 Program description 1.9.2 Enrollment figures 2 Educational system o 2.1 Table 2.1.1 Compulsory education 2.1.2 Voluntary education o 2.2 Further information 2.2.1 Elementary school 2.2.2 Secondary education 2.2.3 Technical and vocational education 2.2.4 Tertiary education o 2.3 Other schools o 2.4 Chinese schools o 2.5 Islamic schools 3 See also 4 References 5 External links

o o o o o o

History
Pre-Spanish period
Further information: Ancient Philippine scripts and Baybayin During the Pre-Spanish period, education was still decentralized. Children were provided with more vocational training with fewer academics. Philippine schools were headed by parents or by their tribal tutors. They employed a unique writing system known as baybayin.

Spanish period
Main article: Education in the Philippines during Spanish rule When the Spanish first arrived in Manila, they were surprised to find a population with a literacy rate higher than that of Madrid.[6] During the early Spanish period, most education was conducted by religious orders.[7] The friars, recognizing the value of the literate indigenous population, built printing presses to produce material in baybayin.[6] Missionaries studied the local languages and the baybayin to communicate better with the local populations and teach Christianity.

The church and the school both worked together. All Christian villages had schools for students to attend.[8] Spanish missionaries established schools immediately after reaching the islands. The Augustinians opened a school in Cebu in 1565. The Franciscans, in 1577, immediately took to the task of teaching improving literacy, aside from the teaching of new industrial and agricultural techniques. The Jesuits followed in 1581, also by the Dominicans in 1587, and they started a school in their first mission at Bataan.[9] In 1590, the Universidad de San Ignacio was founded in Manila by the Jesuits, and following the suppression of the Jesuits was incorporated into the University of Santo Tomas, College of Medicine and Pharmacy.

Cover of Doctrina Christiana The first book printed in the Philippines dates back to 1590. It is a Chinese language version of Doctrina Christiana. A Spanish and Tagalog version, in both Latin script and the locally used baybayin script, was printed in 1593. In 1610, Tomas Pinpin, a Filipino printer, writer and publisher, who is sometimes referred as the "Patriarch of Filipino Printing", wrote his famous "Librong Pagaaralan nang manga Tagalog nang Uicang Castilla", which was meant to help Filipinos learn the Spanish language. The prologue read:

Let us therefore study, my countrymen, for although the art of learning is somewhat difficult, yet if we are persevering, we shall soon improve our knowledge. Other Tagalogs like us did not take a year to learn the Spanish language when using

my book. This good result has given me satisfaction and encouraged me to print my work, so that all may derive some profit from it.[10] In 1640, the Universidad de San Felipe de Austria was established in Manila. It was the first public university in the Philippines. On April 28, 1611, the University of Santo Tomas was founded in Manila as the Colegio de Nuestra Seora del Santisimo Rosario. By the end of the 16th century, several religious orders had established charity hospitals all over the archipelago and provided the bulk of this public service. These hospitals also became the setting for rudimentary scientific research work on pharmacy and medicine. The Jesuits also founded the Colegio de San Jose in 1601 and took over the management in what became Escuela Municipal in 1859 (which was later renamed as Ateneo Municipal de Manila in 1865; today as Ateneo de Manila University). The Dominicans on their part founded the Colegio de San Juan de Letran in 1620 in Manila. The Educational Decree of 1863 created a free public education system in the Philippines, run by the government. It was the first such education system in Asia. The decree mandated the establishment of at least one primary school for boys and one for girls in each town under the responsibility of the municipal government; and the establishment of a normal school for male teachers under the supervision of the Jesuits. Primary education was free and available to every Filipino, regardless of race or social class. Contrary to what the propaganda of the Spanish American War tried to depict, they were not religious schools, but schools established, supported and maintained by the Spanish Government.[11] In 1866, the total population of the Philippines was 4,411,261. The total number of public schools for boys was 841, and 833 for girls, while the total numbers of children attending those schools were 135,098 for boys, and 95,260 for girls. In 1892, the number of schools had increased to 2,137, of which 1,087 were for boys, and 1,050 for girls.[11] By 1898, enrollment in schools at all levels exceeded 200,000 students.[12][13] Because of the implementation of public education, a new social class of educated Filipinos arose, the Ilustrados ('enlightened ones'). This new well educated middle class of Filipinos would later lead the Philippine independence movement, using the Spanish language as their common language. Among the Ilustrados who had also studied in Spain were Jos Rizal, Graciano Lpez Jaena, Marcelo H. del Pilar, Mariano Ponce or Antonio Luna, who were to lead later the cause of Filipino self-government and independence.[14]

First Republic
The defeat of Spain following the Spanish-American War let to the short-lived independence and establishment of the First Philippine Republic. The schools maintained by Spain for more than three centuries were closed for a short period but were reopened on August 29, 1898 by the Secretary of Interior. The Burgos Institute (the country's first law school), the Academia Militar (the country's first military academy), and the Literary University of the Philippines were

established. Article 23 of the Malolos Constitution mandated that public education would be free and obligatory in all schools of the nation under the First Philippine Republic. However, the PhilippineAmerican War hindered its progress.

American period
Main article: Education in the Philippines during the American rule Further information: Thomasites An improved public school system was established during the first decade of American rule upon the recommendation of the Schurman Commission. Free primary instruction that trained the people for the duties of citizenship and avocation was enforced by the Taft Commission per instructions of President William McKinley. Chaplains and non-commissioned officers were assigned to teach using English as the medium of instruction. A highly centralized public school system was installed in 1901 by the Philippine Commission by virtue of Act No. 74. The implementation of this act created a heavy shortage of teachers. As a result, Philippine Commission authorized the Secretary of Public Instruction to bring to the Philippines more than 1,000 teachers from the United States called the Thomasites from 1901 to 1902. These teachers were scattered throughout the islands to establish barangay schools.[13] The same law established the Philippine Normal School (now the Philippine Normal University) to train aspiring Filipino teachers. The high school system supported by provincial governments, special educational institutions, school of arts and trades, an agricultural school, and commerce and marine institutes were established in 1902 by the Philippine Commission. In 1908, the Philippine Legislature approved Act No. 1870, which created the University of the Philippines. The Reorganization Act of 1916 provided the Filipinization of all department secretaries except the Secretary of Public Instruction.[15] The emergence of high school education in the Philippines islands, however, did not happen until 1910, caused by the rise in big businesses and technological advances in factories and the emergence of electrification that required skilled workers. In order to meet this new job demand, high schools were created and the curriculum focused on practical job skills that would better prepare students for professional white-collar or skilled blue-collar work. This proved to be beneficial for both the employer and the employee, because this improvement in human capital caused employees to become more efficient, which lowered costs for the employer, and skilled employees received a higher wage than employees with just primary educational attainment. Two decades later, enrollment in elementary schools was about one million from about 150,000 in 1901, and about 100,000 in high school from less than 20,000 in 1901.[13]

Third Republic

In 1947, by the virtue of Executive Order No. 94, the Department of Instruction was changed to the Department of Education. During this period, the regulation and supervision of public and private schools belonged to the Bureau of Public and Private Schools.

Fourth Republic
In 1972, the Department of Education became the Department of Education and Culture by the virtue of Proclamation 1081 which was signed by President Ferdinand Marcos. Following a referendum of all barangays in the Philippines from January 1015, 1973, on January 17, 1973, President Marcos ratified the 1973 Constitution by Proclamation 1102. The 1973 Constitution set out the three fundamental aims of education in the Philippines, to:

Foster love of country; teach the duties of citizenship; and develop moral character, self-discipline, and scientific, technological and vocational efficiency.[16]

On September 24, 1972, by Presidential Decree No. 1, the Department of Education, Culture and Sports was decentralized with decision-making shared among thirteen regional offices.[17] In 1978, by the Presidential Decree No. 1397, the Department of Education and Culture became the Ministry of Education and Culture. The Education Act of 1982 provided for an integrated system of education covering both formal and non-formal education at all levels. Section 29 of the act sought to upgrade education institutions' standards to achieve "quality education", through voluntary accreditation for schools, colleges, and universities; Section 16 and Section 17 upgraded the obligations and qualifications required for teachers and administrators; while Section 41 provided for government financial assistance to private schools.[18] This act also created the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports.

Fifth Republic
On February 2, 1987, a new Constitution for the Philippines was ratified. Section 3, Article XIV of the 1987 Constitution contains the ten fundamental aims of education in the Philippines.[19] In 1987 by virtue of Executive Order No. 117, the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports, became the Department of Education, Culture and Sports. The structure of DECS as embodied in the order remained practically unchanged until 1994. On May 26, 1988, the Congress of the Philippines enacted the Republic Act 6655, the Free Public Secondary Education Act of 1988, which mandated free public secondary education commencing in the school year 19881989.[20][21] On May 26, 1988, the Congress enacted the act which made free public secondary education to become a reality.[20]

On February 3, 1992, the Congress enacted Republic Act 7323, which provided that students aged 15 to 25 may be employed during Christmas and summer vacation with a salary not lower than the minimum wage. 60% of the wage is to be paid by the employer and 40% is by the government.[20][22] The Congressional Commission on Education (EDCOM) report of 1991 recommended the division of DECS into three parts. On May 18, 1994, the Congress passed Republic Act 7722, the Higher Education Act of 1994, creating the Commission on Higher Education (CHED), which assumed the functions of the Bureau of Higher Education, and supervises tertiary degree programs.[23] On August 25, 1994, the Congress passed Republic Act 7796, the Technical Education and Skills Development Act of 1994, creating the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA), which absorbed the Bureau of Technical-Vocational Education plus the National Manpower and Youth Council, and supervises non-degree technicalvocational programs.[24] DECS retained responsibility for all elementary and secondary education.[20] This threefold division became known as the "trifocal system of education in the Philippines".

2000s
In August 2001, Republic Act 9155, otherwise called the Governance of Basic Education Act, was passed transforming the name of the Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS) to the Department of Education (DepEd) and redefining the role of field offices (regional offices, division offices, district offices and schools). The act provides the overall framework for (i) school head empowerment by strengthening their leadership roles and (ii) school-based management within the context of transparency and local accountability. The goal of basic education is to provide the school age population and young adults with skills, knowledge and values to become caring, self-reliant, productive and patriotic citizens.[15] In 2005, the Philippines spent about US$138 per pupil compared to US$3,728 in Japan, US$1,582 in Singapore and US$852 in Thailand.[25] In January 2009, DepEd signed a memorandum of agreement with the United States Agency for International Development to seal $86 million assistance to Philippine education, particularly the access to quality education in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM), and the Western and Central Mindanao regions.[26]

2010s and the K-12 program

The start of this century's second decade saw a major improvement in the Philippine education system. In 2011, DepEd started to implement the new K-12 educational system, which includes the new curricula for all schools. In this system, education is now compulsory. The implementation of the K-12 program[27][28] is "phased". There are four "phases" during the implementation of the new system. These are:

1. Phase I: Laying the Foundations Its goal is to finally implement the universal kindergarten (offered since on S.Y. 2011 2012), and the "development of the (entire) program". 2. Phase II: Modeling and Migration Its goal is to promote the enactment of the basic education law, to finally start of the phased implementation of the new curriculum for Grades 1 to 4 and 7 to 10, and for the modeling of the senior high school. 3. Phase III: Complete Migration Its goal is to finally implement the Grades 11 and 12 or the senior high school, and to signal the end of migration to the new educational system. 4. Phase IV: Completion of the Reform Its goal is to complete the implementation of the K12 education system. However, during the new educational cycle, from 2016 to 2018, college enrollment could slow down because of the entrance of the lower-year students to the new educational system. Program description

At Kindergarten, the pupils are mandated to learn the alphabet, numbers, shapes, and colors through games, songs, and dances, but in their mother tongue; thus after Grade 1, every student can read on his/her mother tongue. o The 12 original mother tongue languages that have been introduced for the S.Y. 2012-2013 are Bahasa Sug, Bikolano, Cebuano, Chabacano, Hiligaynon, Iloko, Kapampangan, Maguindanaoan, Meranao, Pangasinense, Tagalog, and Waray. o 7 more mother tongue languages have been introduced for the S.Y. 2013-2014. These are Ibanag, Ivatan, Sambal, Akeanon, Kinaray-a, Yakan and Surigaonon. In Grade 1, the subject areas of English and Filipino are taught, with a focus on "oral fluency". In Grade 4, the subject areas of English and Filipino are gradually introduced, but now, as "languages of instruction". Currently in high school, Biology is taught in 2nd Year, Chemistry in 3rd Year, and Physics in 4th Year, but with the effect of the K12 program, these subjects are connected and integrated from Grades 7 to 10 with the use of the spiral progression method in teaching. This will also be implemented on Mathematics. The high school from the former system will now be called junior high school, while senior high school will be the 11th and 12th year of the new educational system. It will serve as a specialized upper secondary education. With the senior high school, students may choose a specialization based on aptitude, interests, and school capacity. The choice

of career track will define the content of the subjects a student will take in Grades 11 and 12. Senior high school subjects fall under either the core curriculum or specific tracks. o Core curriculum learning areas include languages, literature, communication, mathematics, philosophy, natural sciences, and social sciences o Whereas there are three choices that are available to be chosen by the students or the so-called "specific tracks". These are: 1. Academic 2. Technical-vocational-livelihood 3. Sports and arts
o

The first track, the academic track, includes three strands which are:

1. Business, accountancy, and management 2. Humanities, education, and social sciences 3. Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics
o

The second track, the technical-vocational-livelihood, specializes in vocational learning. A student can obtain a National Certificate Level II (NC II), provided he/she passes the competency-based assessment of the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority. This certificate improves employability of graduates in fields like agriculture, electronics, and trade. The third track, the sports and arts, is the track that is responsible for educating senior high school students on the fields of sports and arts.

Current 3rd and 4th Year students in high school this S.Y. 2013-2014 are exempted in this program.

Enrollment figures School year Kindergarten Elementary High school 2012-2013 1,773,505 ( ) 13,259,489 ( ) 5,641,898 ( ) 2013-2014 2,213,973 ( 24.84%) 14,523,353 ( 9.53%) 7,127,475 ( 26.33%)

Educational system
Table
Compulsory education School Former system
(used until June 5, 2011)

Other names Age

Kindergarten is not compulsory Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 First Year Second Year Third Year Fourth Year 67 Primary 78 89 910 Intermediate 1011 1112 Freshman 1213 Sophomore 1314 Junior 1415 Senior 1516

Elementary school

High school

Current educational system (used since June 6, 2011) What are the changes? School Grades Age Is it a
new grade? Did it now become compulsory? Did the curriculum change? Did it have a new name?

Implementation status Since 2011 Since 2012 Since 2013 Starting 2014 Starting 2015 Starting 2016 Starting 2017 Starting 2017 Since 2012 Since 2013 Starting 2014

Kindergarten 5 Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Elementary school Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8 Junior high school Grade 9 Grade 10 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

No No No No No No No No No No No

Yes
Retained compulsory status Retained compulsory status Retained compulsory status Retained compulsory status Retained compulsory status Retained compulsory status Retained compulsory status Retained compulsory status Retained compulsory status Retained

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

No No No No No No No No Yes Yes Yes

Grade 11 Senior high school Grade 12 Grade 13

16 17 18

No Yes Yes

compulsory status Retained compulsory status

Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Starting 2015 Starting 2016 Starting 2017

Yes Yes

Voluntary education

Higher education Adult education

Further information
Elementary school

Signage showing the different shifts for students attending the H. Bautista Elementary School in Marikina, Metro Manila. Starting in the 201011 school year, different year levels are given different class hours and are scheduled to go to school in different shifts to compensate for the lack of school buildings, teachers, and materials.

Upper Uma Elementary School, Pasil Valley, Upper Kalinga, viewed from Ag-gama track, July 2008. Note distance from road (centre left).

Only access from roadside (mid centre) to Upper Uma Elementary School Kalinga (behind) is via this one hour mud climb. Viewed December 2008. Elementary school, sometimes called primary school or grade school (Filipino: paaralang elementarya, sometimes mababang paaralan), is the first part of the educational system, and it includes the first six years of compulsory education (Grades 16). These grades are further grouped (informally) accordingly into: primary level, which includes the first three grades (Grades 13), and intermediate level, which includes the last three grades (Grades 46). Elementary school level education covers a smaller but wider than the junior and senior high school because of the spiral approach educational technique. In public schools, the core/major subjects that are introduced starting at Grade 1 include mathematics, Filipino, and Makabayan (until Grade 3, this subject is synonymous to social studies, but also incorporate values education and the fundamentals of political science). English is only introduced after the second semester of Grade 1. Science is only introduced starting Grade 3. Heograpiya (geography), kasaysayan (history), and sibika (civics) (abbreviated as HEKASI), is only introduced starting Grade 4 (similar also to social studies but focuses more on the subjects earlier stated). Minor subjects then include music, arts, physical education, and health (abbreviated as MAPEH). In private schools, subjects in public schools also include those of the public schools, with the additional subjects including: computer education and HELE (stands for home economics and livelihood education; while in Christian schools or in Catholic schools, religious education. International schools also have their own subjects in their own language and culture. From Grades 1-3, students will be taught using their mother tongue, meaning the regional languages of the Philippines will be used in some subjects (except Filipino and English) as a medium of instruction. It may be incorporated as a separate subject. But from Grade 4, Filipino and English as a medium of instruction will then be used.

On December 2007, Philippine president Gloria Macapagal Arroyo announced that Spanish is to make a return as a mandatory subject in all Filipino schools starting in 2008 but it didn't come into effect.[29][30] DECS Bilingual Policy is for the medium of instruction to be Filipino for: Filipino, Araling Panlipunan, Edukasyong Pangkatawan, Kalusugan at Musika; and English for: English, Science and Technology, Home Economics and Livelihood Education.[31] Article XIV, Section 7 of the 1987 Philippine constitution mandates that regional languages are the auxiliary official languages in the regions and shall serve as auxiliary media of instruction therein.[32] As a result, the language actually used in teaching is often a polyglot of Filipino and English with the regional language as the foundation, or rarely the local language. Filipino is based on Tagalog, so in Tagalog areas (including Manila), Filipino is the foundational language used. Philippine regional languages are used in the provinces in the teaching of Makabayan. International English language schools use English as the foundational language. Chinese schools add two language subjects, such as Min Nan Chinese and Mandarin Chinese and may use English or Chinese as the foundational language. The constitution mandates that Spanish and Arabic shall be promoted on a voluntary and optional basis. Following on this, a few private schools mainly catering to the elite include Spanish in their curriculum. Arabic is taught in Islamic schools.[32] Until 2004, primary students traditionally wrote the National Elementary Achievement Test (NEAT) administered by the Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS). It was intended as a measure of a school's competence, and not as a predictor of student aptitude or success in Secondary school. Hence, the scores obtained by students in the NEAT were not used as a basis for their admission into Secondary school. During 2004, when DECS was officially converted into the Department of Education (DepEd), and also, as a result of some reorganization, the NEAT was changed to National Achievement Test (NAT) by the Department of Education (DepEd). Both the public and private elementary schools take this exam to measure a school's competency. As of 2006, only private schools have entrance examinations for secondary schools. DepEd expects over 13.1 million elementary students to be enrolled in public elementary schools for school year 20092010.[33] Though elementary schooling is compulsory, as of 2010 it was reported that 27.82% of Filipino elementary-aged children either never attend or never complete elementary schooling,[34] usually due to the absence of any school in their area, education being offered in a language that is foreign to them, or financial distress. In July 2009 DepEd moved to overcome the foreign language issue by ordering all elementary schools to move towards initial mother-tongue based instruction (grades 13). The order allows two alternative three-year bridging plans. Depending on the bridging plan adopted, the Filipino and English languages are to be phased in as the language of instruction for other subjects beginning in the third and fourth grades.[35] Secondary education

PSHS Main Campus. There is a disparity between rural and urban education facilities in the Philippines. Secondary school in the Philippines, more commonly known as "high school" (Filipino: paaralang sekundarya, sometimes mataas na paaralan), consists of four levels largely based on the US school system as it existed until the advent of the comprehensive high schools in the US in the middle of 20th century. The Philippine high school system has not significantly evolved from where it was when the Philippines achieved independence from the United States in 1946. It still consists of only four levels with each level partially compartmentalized, focusing on a particular theme or content. The Department of Education specifies a compulsory curriculum for all high schooling, public and private. The first year of high school has five core subjects, Algebra I, Integrated Science, English I, Filipino I, and Philippine History I. The second year curriculum has Algebra II, Biology, English II, Filipino II, and Asian History. The third year has Geometry, Trigonometry, Chemistry, Filipino III, and World History and Geography. The final fourth year curriculum has Calculus, Advanced Algebra, Physics, Filipino IV, Literature, and Economics. Minor subjects may include Health, Music, Arts, Technology and Home Economics, and Physical Education. In selective schools, various languages may be offered as electives, as well as other subjects such as computer programming and literary writing. Chinese schools have language and cultural electives. Preparatory schools usually add some business and accountancy courses, while science high schools have biology, chemistry, and physics at every level. Secondary students used to sit for the National Secondary Achievement Test (NSAT), which was based on the American SAT, and was administered by DepEd. Like its primary school counterpart, NSAT was phased-out after major reorganizations in the education department. Its successors, the National Career Assessment Examination and National Achievement Test are administered to third- and fourth-year students respectively. Neither the NSAT nor NAT have been used as a basis for being offered admission to higher education institutions, partly because pupils sit them at almost the end of their secondary education. Instead, higher education institutions, both public and private, administer their own College Entrance Examinations (CEE) (subjects covered will depend on the institutions). Vocational colleges usually do not have entrance examinations, simply accepting the Form 138 record of studies from high school, and enrolment payment. Technical and vocational education

Technical and vocational education is offered to enhance students' practical skills at institutions usually accredited and approved by TESDA. Institutions may be government operated, often by provincial government, or private. The vast majority are privately operated and most call themselves colleges. They may offer programs ranging in duration from a couple of weeks to two-year diploma courses. Programs can be technology courses like automotive technology, computer technology, and electronic technology; service courses such as caregiver, nursing aide, hotel and restaurant management; and trades courses such as electrician, plumber, welder, automotive mechanic, diesel mechanic, heavy vehicle operator & practical nursing. Upon graduating from most of these courses, students may take an examination from TESDA to obtain the relevant certificate or diploma. Tertiary education Main article: Higher education in the Philippines Tertiary education in the Philippines is increasingly less cosmopolitan. From a height of 5,284 foreign of students in 19951996 the number steadily declined to 2,323 in 20002001, the last year CHED published numbers on its website.[36]

Other schools
There are other types of schools such as private schools, preparatory schools, international schools, laboratory high schools, and science high schools. Several foreign ethnic groups, including Chinese, British, Americans, Koreans, and Japanese operate their own schools.

Chinese schools
Main article: List of Chinese schools in the Philippines Chinese schools add two additional subjects to the core curriculum, Chinese communication arts and literature. Some also add Chinese history, philosophy and culture, and Chinese mathematics. Still, other Chinese schools called cultural schools, offer Confucian classics and Chinese art as part of their curriculum. Religion also plays an important part in the curriculum. American evangelists founded some Chinese schools. Some Chinese schools have Catholic roots.

Islamic schools
In 2004, the Department of Education adopted DO 51 putting in place the teaching of Arabic Language and Islamic Values for (mainly) Muslim children in the public schools. The same order authorized the implementation of the Standard Madrasa Curriculum (SMC) in the private madaris (Arabic for schools, the singular form is Madrasa). While there has been recognized Islamic schools, i.e. Ibn Siena Integrated School (Marawi), Sarang Bangun LC (Zamboanga), and Southwestern Mindanao Islamic Institute (Jolo), their Islamic studies curriculum varies. With the DepEd-authorized SMC, the subject offering is uniform across these private madaris.

Since 2005, the AusAID-funded DepEd-project Basic Education Assistance for Mindanao[37] (BEAM) has assisted a group of private madaris seeking government permit to operate (PTO) and implement the SMC. To date, there are 30 of these private madaris scattered throughout Regions XI, XII and the ARMM. The SMC is a combination of the RBEC subjects (English, Filipino, Science, Math, and Makabayan) and the teaching of Arabic and Islamic studies subjects.

Region XI Pilot Integrated Madrasa (Davao Oriental), Al-Munawwara Islamic School[38](Davao City) Region XII WAMY Academy (Gensan), Kumayl LC (Koronadal), Darul Uloom (Tamontaka, Cotabato City), Al-Nahdah Academy (Campo Muslim, Cotabato City), SKC Madrasa Abubakar (Bagua, Cotabato City), and Sultan Kudarat Academy (Sinsuat Ave., Cotabato City) ARMM (Marawi City) Jamiato Janoubel Filibbien, Jamiato Marawi al-Islamia, Khadijah Pilot Madrasa, Princess Jawaher IS. ARMM (Lanao del Sur) Ma'ahad Montashir (Dayawan, Masiu), Ma'had Aziziah and Sha'rawi LC (Butig), Madrasa Falah al-Khayrie (Lumba Bayabao), Ma'had Lanao (Malabang), As-Salihein Integrated School (Tamparan), others. ARMM (Maguindanao Valley) Ibn Taimiyah Foundation Academy (Sultan Kudarat), Ma'had Maguindanao (Ampatuan), Madrasa Datu Tahir (Mamasapano), Ma'had Rahmanie Al-Islamie (Sharif Aguak). Through the philanthropy of Governor Datu Andal Ampatuan and his family, Ma'had Rahmanie is being redesigned and reconstructed to position it to become the premier institution of integrated learning in the ARMM. When the whole infrastructure development is done, it will be renamed Shariff Aguak Ibn Ampatuan Memorial Academy. ARMM (Island Provinces) Ma'had Da'wah (Lamitan City), Kulliyato Talipao (Talipao, Sulu), CHILD Madrasa (Bongao, Tawi-Tawi). The CHILD Madrasa is a special project and laboratory school of the MSU-TCTO College of Islamic and Arabic Studies (CIAS).

For school year 20102011, there are forty-seven (47) madaris in the ARMM alone.

1. Ibn Taimiyah Foundation Academy, Simuay, Sultan Kudarat, Maguindanao 2. Maahad Minabay Karim Al-Islamie, Minabay, Buldon, Maguindanao 3. Sharif Awliya Academy (Main), Bugawas, Datu Odin Sinsuat, Maguindanao 4. Sharif Awliya Academy (Annex), Capiton, Awang, Datu Odin Sinsuat, Maguindanao 5. Shariff Aguak Ibn Ampatuan Islamic Memorial Academy, Pob. Shariff Aguak, Maguindanao 6. Maahad Datu Tahir Al-Arabie Al-Islamie, Mamasapano, Maguindanao 7. Ma'ahad Montashir Al-Islamie, Inc., Dayawan, Masiu, Lanao Sur 8. Maahad Camalig Al-Islamie, Camalig, Marantao, Lanao Del Sur 9. As-Salihien Integrated School Foundation, Inc., Maliwanag, Tamparan, Lanao Del Sur

1. Maahad Falah El-Khairie- Pilot Madrasa, Bacolod, Lumba-Bayabao, Lanao Del Sur 2. Maahad As-Saqafah Al-Islamie, Dibarusan, Madalum, Lanao Del Sur

3. Maahad Madalum Al-Islamie Pilot Madrasa, Inc., Linao, Kormatan, Madalum, Lanao Del Sur 4. Maahad Al-Aziziah Al-Arabie Al-Islamie (MAAI) Inc. Sandab, Butig, Lanao Del Sur 5. Shaarawi Integrated Pilot Madrasa, Dama, Butig, Lanao Del Sur 6. Maahad Lanao Al-Islamie, Campo Muslim, Malabang, Lanao Del Sur 7. Dhayfullah Islamic Institute, Inc., Marawi City 8. Princess Jawaher Integrated Learning School, Marawi City Division 9. Jamiatu Muslim Mindanao, Darussalam-Matampay, Brgy. Matampay, Marawi City 10. Masiricampo Abantas Memorial Islamic and Science Academy, Marawi City 11. Ibn Siena Integrated School Foundation, Inc., Biyaba, Marawi City 12. Khadijah Pilot Madrasa, Gov. Dr. Mutilan St., Marawi City 13. Jamiatu Marawi Al-Islamia Foundation, Marawi City 14. Jamiatu Janoubel Filibbien, Inc., Tuca-Poona Marantao, Marawi City 15. MSU-TCTO CIAS C.H.I.L.D School, MSU- Bongao, Tawi-Tawi 16. Maahad Daawah Al-Islamie, Tinambakan, Lamitan, Basilan 17. Kulliyatu Talipao Al-Islamie, Talipao Proper, Talipao, Sulu 18. Amanoddin Mascara Integrated Learning Center, Marawi City Division 19. Maahad Darul Uloolm Al-Islamie, Inc., Lalabuan, Tamparan, Lanao Del Sur I Division 20. Maahad Mahardika Al-Arabie Al-Islamie, Kasanyangan, Bongao, Tawi-Tawi 21. Sahaya Integrated Learning Center, Sahaya Village, Patikul, Sulu 22. Southern Philippine Islamic Institute Foundation, Inc., Siasi, Sulu 23. Maahad Mahwil Ommiah Al-Irshadie, Limbo, Sultan Kudarat, Maguindanao 24. Madrasa Datu Manguda Timan, Pangi, Datu Odin Sinsuat, Maguindanao 25. Maahad Saada Al-Arabie Integrated School, Nabalawag, Pagatin, Datu Saudi, Maguindanao 26. Madrasatul Irshadil Islamiyah Al-Ibtidaiyah, Salbu, Datu Saudi, Maguindanao 27. Markazul Huzim, Pob. Datu Piang, Maguindanao 28. Maahad Buldon Al-Arabie Al-Islamie, Mataya, Buldon, Maguindanao 29. Maahad Lipawan Al-Arabie Al-Islamie, Lipawan, Barira, Maguindanao 30. Maahad Minabay Al-Islamie, Inc., Minabay, Buldon, Maguindanao 31. Madrasa Nurul Ihsan, Kapatagan, Lanao Del Sur 32. Maahadul Ershad Al-Islamie (Islamic Library), Hadji Buto Street Jolo, Sulu 33. Maahad Kutawato As-Sharqi Al-Islamie (Eastern Kutawato Islamic Institute, Inc.), Pob. Buluan, Maguindanao 34. Madrasatu Dar-Alkhairie, Inc., Dalumangkob, Sultan Kudarat, Maguindanao 35. Jamellah Madrasatol Muslimeen Al-Islamiah, Bubong, Madaya Lilod, Marawi City 36. Madrasatul Filibbeen As-Shamilah (Philippine Integrated School (PIS) Foundation, Inc. 37. Integrated School for the Science of Peace, Jaltik Foundation, Inc., Marawi City 38. Daarul Uloum Foundation, Inc., Brgy. Tolali, Marawi City

See also
Main links

Distance e-Learning in the Philippines Higher education in the Philippines

List of universities and colleges in the Philippines List of Catholic universities and colleges in the Philippines List of the oldest schools in the Philippines

Categories

Category:Filipino educators Category:Schools of medicine in the Philippines Category:Graduate schools in the Philippines Category:Law schools in the Philippines Category:Liberal arts colleges in the Philippines Category:Business schools in the Philippines Category:Private universities and colleges in the Philippines Category:Military education and training in the Philippines

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References
1. Jump up ^ "2013 Budget Message of President Aquino". Official Gazette. 24 July 2012. Retrieved 13 April 2012. 2. ^ Jump up to: a b c d "21M students troop to schools today". Manila Bulletin. 3 June 2013. Retrieved 3 June 2013. 3. Jump up ^ The lowest possible age that will serve as a guide for those who will enter Grade 1. 4. Jump up ^ The lowest possible age that will serve as a guide for those who will enter Grade 7. 5. Jump up ^ "K-12 Primer as of 20 December 2011". Department of Education. Archived from the original on 2012-05-22. Retrieved 28 April 2012.

6. ^ Jump up to: a b Damon L. Woods (2006), The Philippines: a global studies handbook, ABC-CLIO, p. 140, ISBN 978-1-85109-675-6 7. Jump up ^ P. N. Abinales; Donna J. Amoroso (2005), State and society in the Philippines, Rowman & Littlefield, pp. 9293, ISBN 978-0-7425-1024-1 8. Jump up ^ Knights of Columbus. Catholic Truth Committee (1913). The Catholic encyclopedia: an international work of reference on the constitution, doctrine, discipline, and history of the Catholic Church. Encyclopedia Press. pp. 16. 9. Jump up ^ Arcilla, Jos S. (1998). An Introduction to Philippine History. Ateneo University Press. p. 50. ISBN 978-971-550-261-0. 10. Jump up ^ Filipinos in History, National Historical Institute, 1990, p. 102 11. ^ Jump up to: a b Quezon, Manuel Luis (1915), "Escuelas pblicas durante el rgimen espaol" [Public schools during the Spanish regime], Philippine Assembly, Third Legislature, Third Session, Document No.4042-A 87 Speeches of Honorable Manuel L. Quezon, Philippine resident commissioner, delivered in the House of Representatives of the United States during the discussion of Jones Bill, 26 September-14 October 1914 [Asamblea Filipina, Tercera Legislatura, Tercer Perodo de Sesiones, Documento N.o 4042-A 87, Discursos del Hon. Manuel L. Quezon, comisionado residente de Filipinas, Pronunciados en la Cmara de representantes de los Estados Unidos con motivo de la discusin del Bill Jones, 26, septiembre-14, octubre, 1914] (in Spanish), Manila, Philippines: Bureau of Printing, p. 35, archived from the original on July 18, 2010, retrieved July 24, 2010, "I have seen with my own eyes many of these schools and thousands of those students. They were not "religious schools," but schools established, supported and maintained by the Government (Spanish). [He visto con mis propios ojos muchas de estas escuelas y miles de esos alumnos. No eran "escuelas parroquiales," sino escuelas creadas, sostenidas y mantenidas por el Gobierno (espaol).]" 12. Jump up ^ Leroy James A. (August 2009), The Americans in the Philippines, BiblioBazaar, LLC, pp. 36, ISBN 978-1-113-53176-6 13. ^ Jump up to: a b c Country Studies: Philippine Education. Retrieved January 24, 2009. 14. Jump up ^ Schumacher, John N. (1997). The Propaganda Movement, 1880-1895: The Creation of a Filipino Consciousness, the Making of Revolution. Ateneo University Press. pp. 23. ISBN 978-971-550-209-2. 15. ^ Jump up to: a b the Department of Education of the Philippines 16. Jump up ^ Doris D Tulio, Foundations of Education 2, 2nd Ed, National Book Store, Mandaluyong City, 2008, ISBN 971-08-6866-7 p120 17. Jump up ^ Doris D Tulio, Foundations of Education 2, 2nd Ed, National Book Store, Mandaluyong City, 2008, ISBN 971-08-6866-7 p121 18. Jump up ^ Doris D Tulio, Foundations of Education 2, 2nd Ed, National Book Store, Mandaluyong City, 2008, ISBN 971-08-6866-7 pp121-122 19. Jump up ^ Doris D Tulio, Foundations of Education 2, 2nd Ed, National Book Store, Mandaluyong City, 2008, ISBN 971-08-6866-7 p123 20. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Doris D Tulio, Foundations of Education 2, 2nd Ed, National Book Store, Mandaluyong City, 2008, ISBN 971-08-6866-7 p124 21. Jump up ^ Republic Act No. 6655, Chan Robles Law Library. 22. Jump up ^ Republic Act No. 7323, Chan Robles Law Library. 23. Jump up ^ Republic Act No. 7722, Chan Robles Law Library. 24. Jump up ^ Republic Act No. 7796, Chan Robles Law Library.

25. Jump up ^ Saving Philippine education (archived from the original on 2009-02-10). 26. Jump up ^ James Konstantin Galvez; Llanesca T. Panti (January 15, 2009), US provides $86-M aid for quality education, The Manila Times, archived from the original on 200901-30, retrieved 2009-01-15 27. Jump up ^ The K to 12 Basic Education Program 28. Jump up ^ "K to 12 Basic Education Program Frequently Asked Questions". Department of Education. 25 November 2011. Archived from the original on 2012-06-11. Retrieved 28 April 2012. 29. Jump up ^ lvaro VanEgas (August 8, 2007), GMA considering reinstating Castilian as official in the Philippines, proyectos-saluda.org, retrieved 2009-01-15 (Translation from Castilian original) 30. Jump up ^ Luis Pinel (December 26, 2007), Spanish to be reintroduced as school subject in the Philippines, tresculturasspanish.net, retrieved 2009-01-15 31. Jump up ^ Francisco M Zulueta, Elda M Maglaya (2007), Foundations of Education, Mandaluyong City, National Book Store, ISBN 971-08-6511-0 p160 32. ^ Jump up to: a b 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines, Chan Robles Law Library 33. Jump up ^ DepEd Communications Unit,Living News and Good Education Jun 115, 2009 issue, p4 34. Jump up ^ FACT SHEET BASIC EDUCATION STATISTICS (2005-2010), (archived from the original on 2011-05-11), deped.gov.ph. 35. Jump up ^ DepEd Order 74 of 2009 (PDF) (archived from the original on 2012-06-16) 36. Jump up ^ "Foreign Students". Ched.gov.ph. Retrieved 2010-07-29.[dead link] 37. Jump up ^ Basic Education Assistance for Mindanao 38. Jump up ^ Al-Munawwara Islamic School[dead link]

External links

High School Life Magazine, a website dedicated to Filipino high school students. [show]

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