INDEX

eTT+<Te
+^w u> e{&\+f....
1. {y] k<yTq+ es +^wt e{&*.
2. dT, sfifl |jD+#|&T dV |jD\T e{&TH
e\qT eTqdTH Mq y\qT +^w sT e #jT &
|jT+#*.
3. \T>T deqT de V\T < {$ #dTq|&T n&
e# &>T\qT +^w eTqdTH es*.
4. du\ T, deyX\T, MT{+>T\T eT]jTT >T+|\T> #] H\T e{&
d+<s\ }]H Ls k<yTq \T>T e{& e\qT
+^wt es+&.
5. +^wt e{& d+<s\ e# d+<V\qT ||sY MT<
ydT= mesH +^wt {#sTqT < +^wt u> eq dVT
n&>H d+<V\qT e #dTy*.
6. #+<eeT <\ |d\qT (+^w \T>T) = yTT<> \T>T
#+<eeT < #~$ sTy +^wt #+<eeT
<qT #<y*. sp <qT #<e&+ <s +^wt >eTsY
edT+~.
7. kH +^wt HsT H|&T bs+u+ H >eTsY |d \T #<e e<T.
+^wt e{&|&T >eTsY s >TsT #Te<T. ss\
+> y\qT \T>T ns\ dV e{&&eTT nud+#+&.
MTsT e{& deTjT+ >eTsY s >TsT #T = e{&T Tq+
es MT +^w e{&&+s<T. >TsT+#T+&.
8. +^wt y\qT $q&+ MT<H <w +B]+#+&.
9. +{ q 3e s>> | s> #~y MT |\\ eT]jTT
|+{y] |\\ +^wt e{&&+ bs+_+#+&.
10. | sp &H ||sY #<e+&. | sp < MT
*jT 10 +^wt |<\qT ydT= &q <s y{ ns\T
\TdT+&. y=T\ |sT>TT+~.

11. +^wt yd|&T +#& q deTjT+ +T+~.

+^wt e{&|&T +# ee~ +&<T. y+y+H
e{&*. $$< s\ +^wt y\qT u> e{&&eTT,
nud+#&+ <sH eTq+ y+H e{&>\eTT.
12. HsT s b, b @< { +^wt e{&TT+&*. HsT
s e{& +& +&q+es MT m+ >eTsY eH, +^wt
&q n+ +sdyTH y+ L& +^wt e{&sT.
MT m<T q ysT e{& | e{ MT # > nse TT+~.
MTsT e+ ] +^wt e{& s T . e\+ e{& nud+
#jTbe&+ e\H. { HsT $b*+<.
13. =+eT+~ dC |j
T sY +T+~. & $wjT + >TsT+ #T+&.
eTq *dq+ +^wt e{&T T+f n+<s yT#T+{sT.
eTq >T]+ >=|> }V+#T=+{sT. |\T <=]H mes
|{+ #TsT. eTq+ #| yTsY MT< m<T{y] <w n+ +T+~.
|> e{&H m>[ #jT&+, qe&+, yT{ #jT&+ mes
#jTsT. |> eTqMT< n_eq+ qysT eTq+ e{&q sTy
eTq+ #dq |\qT mes deTjT+ *jTCd eTq*
bVksT.
14. $<sT\T |sp |d+ |~ |J\ jT\qT, j
$XwDeTT\qT, $XwDeTT\qT #<e>\sT.
15. VA|sTTY y]$ 3e s> qT+& 7e s> es >\ +^wt
bs |d \qT = #~$ # > +^wt >eTsY edT+ ~. n+<Te\q
$<sT\+<s $wj\qT >TsT+#T=, y{ nqTd]+
+^w #> e{&+& .
s#sTT
& $XH< T+se
www.upakari.com

Xu+\T

GREETINGS

1. Xu<jT+

2. Xu eT<V+

3. XukjT+

4. Xus

5. eT+\\T e#T>

7. y[fl ek!

Good-bye!

Good Morning!
Wish you a good morning!
Have a good morning!
Good afternoon!
Wish you a good afternoon!
Have a good afternoon!
Good evening!
Wish you a good evening!
Have a good evening!
Good night!
Wish you a good night!
Enjoy a good night!
Sweet Dreams!
Wish you sweet dreams!
Have / Enjoy sweet dreams!
Good bye!
Bye!
I say a good bye to you!
Let me leave you!
Tata to you!
I say a ta-ta to you!
Well, I must be going now,
Bye-bye!
Ill see you later!
See you later!
See you tomorrow!
See you!
So long!
Cheerio!
Good night!

8.

d+> +&T.

Cheerio!
I say a cherio to you!

9.

Te+{ Xu~H\T / |{qsE\T-Many happy returns of - the day!/Your birth day!

m+{H q+<+ sT|y\ I wish you many happy returns of - the day!/Your
birth day!

10.

HqT sT+THqT. Enjoy many happy returns of the day/Your birth day!
~ d+w |jD+ y\ - I wish you comfortable and safe journey!
sT+THqT.
Wish you a comfortable and safe journey!
Enjoy a comfortable and safe journey!

11.
12.
13.
14.

MT yyV J$+ q+<+ e+&T>! Happy married life!

| >=| |* k~+#\ -Wish you a grand success in your examinations.
sT+THqT.
e >=| $jT+ k~+#\ sT+THqT.- Wish you a grand victory!
= +{ e d]d+|<\ T\>T>! - Wish you a great prosperity
in your newly built house!

15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
1.

$<X\ yfi XudeTjT+ Wish you happy times abroad!

eT+ #jTT>>!
sujT \+ mH q |<e\T - Wish you grand promotions in future.
qT e]+#T> !
MT $dj d+> k>T.
Wish you a joyous picnic.
ybs deyX+ eT+ sjT+ - Wish you a nice outcome in the business conference.
rdTy\ sT+THqT.
c\qT <{\ sT+THqT.
Wish you getover your troubles!
nHs>+ qT+ s> jT|&\ H ].- Wish you a speedy recovery from illness.
J$+ sD+#<Te>.
May you prosper in life!
I pray to God that you may prosper in life!
Let God bless you that you may prosper in life!

22.

u> #<Te e#T> u>e+T&T -

I pray to God that He may bless your child

with a good education!

MT |\y os~+#\ HqT sT+THqT-

Let God bless your child with a good

education!

23.

\T

Thanks!
Thank you!
Thank you very much!
Thanks a lot!
Many thanks!
Thanks very much!
Thats very kind.
Good!
Nice of you!

24.

|q #| \ ] yT #| `

Not at all!
Youre welcome!
Welcome!
Its a pleasure!
Thats all right.
O.K.

|< yeTT\T`One Word Sentences

Imperative Mood - M{

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.

s.
b.
qT.
>T.
Ls.
\&T.
<b.
&T.
HeTT#sTT.
b&T.
ssTT.
#<Te.
<.
qe.
@&Te.

`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`

Come.
Go.
Eat.
Drink.
Sit.
Stand.
Sleep.
Play.
Dance.
Sing.
Write.
Read.
Jump.
Laugh.
Weep.

, V#], bsq \T| |j+TsT.

16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.

nsTe.
#b.
yTqT.
#&T.
>eT+#T.
e{&T.
|+#T.
rdT.
e.
e{&T.
*jTCsTT.
|jD+#T.
+~+#T.
$&T<\#sTT.
|[fl #dT.

`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`

Cry.
Die.
Awake.
See.
Observe.
Talk.
Escape.
Take.
Give.
Converse.
Convey.
Travel.
Arrest.
Release.
Marry.

s+&T |<\ yeTT\T`Two Word Sentences

Please come (or) Come please nqT s+&T yeTT\ <HH y&e#TqT.
Please is used to express politeness.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.

<jT#d s+&.
`
<jT#d yfifl+&.
`
<jT#d q+&.
`
<jT#d >+&.
`
<jT#d Ls+&.
`
<jT#d \&+&.
`
<jT#d <b.
`
<jT#d &T.
`
<jT#d HeTT #sTT. `
<jT#d b&T.
`
<jT#d sjT+&.
`
<jT#d #<Te.
`
<jT#d <
`
<jT#d qe.
`
<jT#d #<Te.
`
<jT#d nsTe.
`
<jT#d yT.
`
<jT#d #&T.
`
<jT#d >eT+#T.
`
<jT#d e{&T.
`
<jT#d |+#T. `
<jT#d rdT.
`
<jT#d e.
`
<jT#d \T|.
`
<jT#d |jD+#T. `
<jT#d =\+#T.
`
<jT#d +~+#T.
`
<jT#d $&T<\#sTT. `
<jT#d d+uw+#T. `
<jT#d |[fl#dT. `

Please come. (or) Come please.

Please go. (or) Go please.
Please eat. (or) Eat please.
Please drink. (or) Drink please.
Please sit. (or) Sit please.
Please stand. (or) Stand please.
Please sleep. (or) Sleep please.
Please play. (or) Play please.
Please dance. (or) Dance please.
Please sing. (or) Sing please.
Please write. (or) Write please.
Please read. (or) Read please.
Please jump. (or) Jump please.
Please laugh. (or) Laugh please.
Please read. (or) Read please.
Please cry. (or) Cry please.
Please awake. (or) Awake please.
Please see. (or) See please.
Please observe. (or) Observe please.
Please talk. (or) Talk please.
Please escape. (or) Escape please.
Please take.(or) Take please.
Please give. (or) Give please.
Please convey. (or) Convey please.
Please travel. (or) Travel please.
Please unveil (or) Unveil please.
Please arrest.(or) Arrest please.
Please release. (or) Please relese.
Please Converse (or) Converse please.
Please marry. (or) Marry please.

31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.

& s.
` Come here.
|sy<T.
` No matter.
u>Tq~.
` Very well.
b.
` Go now.
qqT eT+#T.
` Excuse me.
jT y[b.
` Get out.
HsT eTdT.
` Shut up.
qqT =T.
` Beat me.
+< Ls.
` Sit down.
q> yfifl.
` Go straight.
|<> e{&T.
` Speak loudly.
q> e{&T.
` Speak slowly.
XeTT> e+&T.
` Keep quiet.
u> #<Te.
` Read well.
w|& |#sTT.
` Work hard.
C>> $qT.
`Listen carefully.
|sp Vs>TeTT. ` Be regular.
u> #Xe.
` Well done.
B #sTT.
` Do it.
X+> +&T.
` Be silent.
<Ts<weTT.
` Bad luck.
HqT e|D #TqT. ` I apologize.
eT+~.
` Good luck.
Xu|<yTq Bbe[. `Happy Diwali.
@MT nqTe<T.
` Never mind.
m+ n+<yTq~!
` How lovely!
(or) How beautiful!
How charming!

57.
58.
59.
60.

m+ ujT+syTq~!
m+ b&T>q~!
m+ $syTq~
m+ >=|~!

` How terrible!
` How tall!
` How ugly!
` How great!

eT&T |<\ yeTT\T` Three Word Sentences

$ k<sD+> y&T eq q y\T.
M{ HsT+&.

1.HqT qT w|&qT.`I like you.

2.HqT qT |$TkqT.`I love you.
3.HqT qT |j+#T+{qT- I use you.
4.HqT qT =&qT.`I beat you.
5.HqT qT b>T&TqT.`I praise you.
6.HqT kqT.`I give you.
7.HqT qT |[fl #dT+{qT.`I marry you.
8.HqT $&*kqT.`I divorce you.
9.~ yd$ \eTT.`It is summer.
10.seTT&T u> b&&T.`Rama sings well.
11.w&T |eTT> e{&qT.`Krishna spoke
angrily.

12.d | weTT. `Sita likes coffee.

13.y+fwt { weTT.`Venkatesh likes tea.
14.H>sTq d+w+> |dTH&T.`
Nagarjuna seems happy.

15. s+ bdt #sTT.`Post this letter.

16.nqT <dT&T.`He is lazy.
17.nqT *$>\y&T.`He is clever.
18.nsTqT&T sT #+|qT- Arjuna killed Karna.
19.w&T +dT #+|qT.`Krishna killed
Kamsa.

20.seTT&T seDT #+|qT.`Rama killed

Ravana.

21.n fsTTHqT n+<T` Catch the train.

22.HqT &qT.`I shall play.
23.w |d]> b&*`Usha must sing.
24. $Tw+ y jTT+&T.`Wait a minute.
25.#sTT b #b.`Do or die.
26.| #sTT b * e+&T.`
Work or starve.

27.HqT n nqT+{qT.`I think so.

28.HqT n qeTTqT.` I believe so.
29.HqT n kqT `I hope so.
30.HqT n sT+{qT.`I expect so.
31.HqT n kqT.`I think so.
32.+<fiq e<T.`Dont worry.
33.n+ eT+ sT>T>.`All the best.
34.= d+es+ q+<+> e+&*.`
Happy new year.

35.qT s+J$.- This is Chiranjeevi.

36.$ |d\T.`These are books.
37.eTqeTT usrjTT\eTT.`We are Indians.
38.ysT d\T.`They are soldiers.
39.HqT b&>].`I am tall.
40.yT k>dq~.`She is pretty.
41.yTeTT * eHeTT.`We are hungry.
42.nqT u\w.`That is Balakrishna.
43.yT d.`This is Sita.
44.yT s<.`That is Radha.
45.yT k+<s.- That is Soundarya.
46.yT nqTw.`That is Anushka.
47.$ |fifl.`These are pencils.
48.$ H\T.`These are cups.
49.n$ +T\T.`Those are balls.
50.n$ ueH\T.`Those are buildings.
51.ysT eTqTw\T.`They are men.
52.ysT u\TsT.`They are boys.
53.ysT u*\T.`They are girls.
54.yT *jH?`This is Iliana.
55.$ +#\T.`These are plates.
56.$ \T.`These are dogs.
57.$ >&<\T.`These are donkeys.
58.$ &|\T.`These are hens.
59.n$ |P\T.`Those are flowers.

60.n$ |+&T.`Those are fruits.

61.n$ >=&T>T\T.`Those are umbrellas.
62.n$ fifl.`Those are houses.
63.n$ |#T\T.`Those are sparrows.
64.n$ m&+&T.`Those are bullock carts.
65.ysT $<sT\T.`They are students.
66.ysT |\\T.`They are children.
67.ysT *<+&T\T.`They are parents.
68.ysT &sT\T.`They are players.
69.ysT |yfifl.`They are workes.
70.MTsT <>dT\T.`You are employees.
71.MTsT >VDT\T.`You are house-wives.
72.MTsT sT\T`You are farmers.
73.yTeTT d\eTT.`We are women.
74.yTeTT |sTw\eTT.`We are men.
75.yTeTT $<sT\eTT.`We are students.
76.yTeTT |Hd\eTT.`We are lecturers.
77.yTeTT sT<>T\eTT.`We are unemployees.
78.nqT s$.`He is Ravi.
79.nqT lqT.`He is Srinu.
80.nqT ydT.`He is Vasu.
81.nqT eTTs].`He is Murari.
82.yT {T.`She is Tabu.
83.yT jT.`She is Sriya.
84.yT w-She is Kushbhu.
85.n~ @$T?`What is that?
86.~ @$T{?`What is this?
87.yesT?`Who are you?
88.HHesT?`Who am I?
89.yTeTT mesT?`Who are we?
90.ysesT?`Who are they?
91.nHesT?`Who is he?
92.yT mesT?`Who is she?
93.seTT&esT?`Who is Rama?

94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
113.
114.
115.
116.
117.
118
119.
120.
121.

seTT&T <e&T.
w&T mesT?
n& mesTHsT?
n& me&TH&T?
me&T e{&TTH&T?
e @$T{?
e e @$T{?
n e @$T{?
yT e @$T{?
nqT n\dbj&T.
nqT |sT d+b~+#&T.
nqT <qe+T&j&T.
nqT eTTd*y&j&T.
nqT <bj&T.
mesT VsT <T?
@$T{ |
m+ (>=|) #T?
m+ neeqy!
m+ C!
m+ eTsT&!
\dyTq~.
~ eTT+<T> eq~.
~ eT<V+.
~ <jT+.
~ kjT+\+.
~ nss.
y&> eq~.
#\> eq~.

`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`

Rama is God.
Who is Krishna?
Who are there?
Who is there?
Who is speaking?
What are you?
What are we?
What is he?
What is she?
He got tired.
He became famous.
He became rich.
He grew old.
He fell asleep.
Who are absent?
What is wrong?
What a tree?
What a shame!
What a pity!
What a fool!
It is late.
It is early.
It is noon.
It is morning.
It is evening.
It is midnight.
It is hot.
It is cold.

+^w |<q+> 7 y\T q$. n$.

Active Voice -

s] |j>eTT

HqT (|&T / sp) q&TkqT.

2. I am walking.
HqT q&TdTHqT.
3. I have walked.
HqT (|&) q&#qT.
4. I have been walking. HqT (#d|{>) q&TdH HqT.
Passive Voice ` sD |j>eTT
5. I am advised
H (sE) d\V #sT.
6. I am being advised.
H d\V d HsT.
7. I have been advised.
H (|&) d\V #sT.
| y\ Past tense, Future tense q y{ L& nu d+#*.
+ q n+<] s +&T >|\T> $u +#&+ ]+~. | y
2 >| eq e\+<]# |*d +^w e{&&eTT u>
edT+~. 2 >| duT\T) :
A Group: I `HqT, we`yTeTT, you`MTsT/e, they`yfifl/(n$), (the
1.

I walk.

students, the books, the problems, my parents, your friends,

etc), boys`u\TsT.
B Group: He`nqT, she`yT, it`n~/~ (chain, dog, India, the
Rajadhani Express, the TDP, December, cricket, house, gold,
etc.) Rama, Sita

+^w e{&{ e\dq d y\T

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

I am walking. HqT q&TdTHqT.(Present Continuous tense)

I walked. HqT q&#qT. (Past Simple Tense)
I will walk. HqT q&TkqT. (Future Simple Tense)
I was walking. HqT q&Td e+{. (Past Continous Tense)
I will be walking. HqT q&Td +{qT (Future Continous Tense)
I walk. HqT (sp) q&TkqT. (Present Simple Tense)

|q q 6 y\qT u> nu dd @ d+<s e TTHH eTq uy\qT

sT\ dT\u+> *jTCjT>\eTT. nq> +^wt @ deTjT+HH
ds #> e{&eTT eTq #qeT+~. 6 y\ |
yeTTqT H\T>T y\T> #|e#TqT. <:
I. 1.I am walking. HqT q&TdTHqT. (Affirmative sentence)
2.I am not (Im not) walking. HqT q&e&+<T.
(Nagative sentence)

3.Am I walking? HqT q&TdTHH? (Interrogative sentence)

4.Arent I walking? HqT q&e&+ <?
(Negative Interrogative sentence)
II

1.I walked. HqT q&#qT. (Affirmative sentence)

2.I didnt (&+{) walk. HqT q&e<T. (Negative sentence)
3.Did I walk? HqT q&#H? (Interrogative sentence)
4.Didnt (&+{) I walk? HqT q&e<?
(Negative Interrogative sentence)

III

1.I will walk. HqT q&TkqT. (Affirmative sentence)

2.I wont walk. HqT q&eqT. (Negative sentence)

3.Will I walk? HqT q&TkH? (Interrogative sentence)

4.Wont I walk? HqT q&eH?(Negative Interrogative sentence)
IV. 1.I was walking. HqT q&Td e+{. (Affirmative sentence)
2.I wasnt walking. HqT q&Td e+&< T .(Nagative sentence)
3.Was I walking? HqT q&Td e+{H? (Interrogative sentence)
4.Wasnt I walking? HqT q&Td e+&<?
(Negative Interrogative sentence)
V.

1.I will be walking. HqT q&Tde+{qT. (Affirmative sentence)

2.I wont be walking. HqT q&Tde+&qT. (Nagative sentence)
3.Will I be walking? HqT q&Tde+{H?

(Interrogative sentence)
4.Wont I be walking? HqT q&Tde+&H?
(Negative Interrogative sentence)
VI 1.I walk. HqT (sp) q&TkqT. (Affirmative sentence)
2.I dont walk. HqT (sp) q&eqT. (Negative sentence)
3.Do I walk? HqT (sp) (sp) q&TkH?

Interrogative sentence)

4.Dont I walk? HqT (sp) q&eH?

(Negative Interrogative sentence)

M{ u> HsT=q+&.
1.
a)
b)
2.
a)

Shall/Will ` u$wTqT ddT+~.

Shall I walk? HqT q&TkH?
I will walk. HqT q&TkqT.
Do/Does sp #d |qT\ me> y&sT.
Do I go to school? HqT d\T (sp) yfiH?

b)
3.
a)
4.
a)
5.
a)
b)
6.
a)

Does he go to school? nqT d\T (sp) yfi&?

Did ` ]q| *|~.
Did I walk? ` HqT q&#H?
Am/Are/Is ` |dT+ eq d *|~
I am here ` HqT & eHqT.
Have+V3/Has+V3 ` |& ]q| *|~
I have written a letter. HqT (|&) s+ yXqT.
He has come here. nqT (|&) & e#&T.
Will have+V3 - u$
wT deTj nsTTbjT | *|~
I will have beaten him tomorrow at this time.

s| deTj n =fd jTT+{qT.

7. Might have + V3

>+ | ]jTT+&e#T n #||&T ~ y&*.

a) He might have given him Rs.100/- yesterday.

q n nqT s. 100/` e+&e#TqT.

8. Should have+V3/must have+V3

|d]> | >+ ]e+T+~ n #||&T

a) He should have beaten Ravi yesterday.

nqT s$ q | ={ e+f u>T+&TqT.

b) She must have married him yesterday.

yT n q | |[fl #dT= e+T+~.

9. Had+V3. >+ s+&T |qT\T ]q|&T yTT<{> ]q |
Past Perfect qT s +&ek] ]q | Past Simple qT #b*.
ex He had slept last night before I went his home.

n +{ HqT yfifl+f eTT+<T nqT <bj&T.

10. May ` s>e#T nqTq|&T #b* |<

ex My friend Venkatesh may come here.

H dVT&T y+fwt & se#T

11. Have to/Has to ` #j* n #||&T
ex a)

I have to go to Vijayawada tomorrow by 6:00 pm

HqT s| kjT++ 6 >+\ $jTy& #s*.

b)
He has to dance here ` nqT & H+ #j*.
12 Going to / about to ` #jTue#THqT.
a)

I am going to give you Rs. 100/-

HqT s.100 eue#THqT.

b)

I am about to give you Rs. 100/-

HqT s.100 eue#THqT.

13. Can ` #jT>\qT n #||&T
I can run there ` HqT n& |sT> yfifl>\qT.
14. Could ` #jT>\&T
a)
I could eat well ` HqT < u> q>*>qT.
15. Let ` #jT
a)
Let me explain about it. ` < >T]+ qqT
$esD ejT+&
16. I saw him singing a song yesterday.

q nqT b b&+ HqT #XqT.

There are 23 helping verbs.
1. Am - I am walking. HqT

q&TdTHqT.
2. Is - He is walking. nqT q&TdTH&T.
3. Are - We are walking. yTeTT q&TdTHeTT.

4. Was - I was walking in the morning.

HqT <j+ q&Td e+{.

5. Were - We were walking in the morning.

yTeTT <jT+ q&Td e+{$T.

6. Being - I am being advised. H ( sE) d\V d eHsT.
7. Been - I have been scolded. qqT |& {sT.
8. Be - I shall be eating a mango tomorrow.

HqT s| e$T&jT qT# e+{qT.

9. Have - I have eaten a mango. HqT (|&) e$T&jT HqT.
10. Has - He has eaten a mango. n|& e$T&jT H&T
11. Had - I had eaten a mango yesterday before you came.

q e e#eTT+< HqT e$T&jT +{.

12. Do - Do you go there. e / MTsT n& (sp) yfis?
13. Does - Does he read here today?

nqT (sp) & #<Te&?

14. Did - Did he go there yesterday?

q nqT n& yfifl&?

15. Shall - Shall I take it. HqT < rdTH?
16. Should - You should come here.

e |&T & | sy*.

17. Will - He will come here tomorrow.

s| nqT & ek&T.

18. Would - Would you mind opening the window.

{ se& MTsMT nqTsT>!

19.
20.
21.
22.

May - He may help me. nqT H kjT+ #jT e#TqT (VQX)

Might - He might be coming here.nqT & ed e+{&T.
Must - You must go there. e | n& yfifl*.
Can - I can do it alone. HqT B +{]> #jT>\qT.

23. Could - I could lift this chair. HqT |>*>qT.

Verbs 3 s\T
1. Action verbs - Subject #d | *|~
walk, talk, run, dance, sit, etc.
2. Helping verbs - Verbs dVjT+ #d$
can, may, have, shall, will, must
3. Linking verbs - Subject object nqTd+<q+> e+&$
am, are, is become, feel, look, seen, etc.
Active Voice + Passive Voice (40 Sentences)

HqT q&Td e+{.

I wasnt walking.
HqT q&Td e+&<T.
I am walking.
HqT q&Td eHqT.
Im not walking.
HqT q&Td qT / HqT q&e&+ <T.
I will be walking. HqT q&Td e+{qT.
I wont be walking. HqT q&Td e+&qT.
I had walked.
HqT (n|&) q&.
I hadnt walked.
HqT (n|&T) q&e<T.
I have walked.
HqT (|&) q&#qT.

1. I was walking.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

HqT (|&T) q&e<T.

11. I will have walked. HqT (n|{) q&e+{qT.
12. I wont have walked.HqT (n|{) q&e+&qT.
13. I had been walking. HqT (#d|) q&Td e+{.
14. I hadnt been walking. HqT (#d|) q&d qT.
15. I have been walking. HqT (#d|{>) q&d eHqT.
16. I havent been walking. HqT (#d|{>) q&e&+ <T.
17. I will have been waking. HqT (#d|) q&Td e+{qT.
18. I wont have been walking. HqT (#d|) q&Td e+&qT.
19. I walked.
HqT q&.
20. I didnt walk.
HqT q&e<T.
21. I walk.
HqT (sp) q&TkqT.
22. I dont walk.
HqT (sp) q&eqT.
23. I will walk.
HqT q&TkqT.
24. I wont walk.
HqT q&eqT.
25. I was scolded.
qqT (q) {].
26. I wasnt scolded.
qqT (q) <T.
27. I am scolded.
qqT ( sE) {sT.
28. I arent scolded.
qqT ( sE) <T.
29. I will be scolded.
qqT &sT.
30. I wont be scolded.
qqT {sT.
31. I was being scolded.
qqT &T +{].
10. I havent walked.

32. I wasnt being scolded.

33. I am being scolded.
34. Im not being scolded.
35. I had been scolded.
36. I hadnt been scolded.
37. I have been scolded.
38. I havent been scolded.
39. I will have been scolded.
40. I wont have been scolded.

qqT &TsT.
qqT T#THsT.
qqT &+ <T
qqT (n|&T) {sT.
qqT (n|&T) <T.
qqT (|&) {sT.
qqT (|&T) <T.
qqT (n|{) { e+{sT.
qqT (n|{) { e+&sT.

A few sentences
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.

I walk.
HqT q&TkqT.
I will walk.
HqT q&TkqT.
I shall walk.
HqT q&TkqT.
I should walk.
HqT q&TkqT.
I do walk.
HqT (sp) q&TkqT.
I dont walk.
HqT (sp) q&eqT.
I wont walk.
HqT q&eqT.
I shant walk.
HqT q&eqT.
I shouldnt walk.
HqT q&eqT.
I wouldnt walk.
HqT q&eqT.
Do I walk?
HqT (sp) q&TkH?
Shall I walk?
HqT q&TkH?
Should I walk?
HqT q&TkH?
I can walk.
HqT q&e>\qT.
I may walk.
HqT (VQX) q&ee#T.
I must walk.
HqT (|) q&y*.
I could walk.
HqT q&e>*>qT.
I couldnt walk.
HqT q&e bjqT
I didnt walk.
HqT q&e<T.
I cant walk.
HqT q&eqT.
I may not walk.
HqT (VQX) q&ebe#TqT.
I am walking.
HqT q&Td eHqT.
He might be walking there.nqT n& q&Td e+{&T.
I am not walking. HqT q&e&+ <T.
Am I walking?
HqT q&Td eHH?
Arent I walking.
HqT q&e&+ <?
I have been walking .HqT (#d|{>) q&Td eHqT.

28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.

Have I been walking?

HqT (#d|{>) q&e&+ <?
I havent been walking. HqT (#d|{>) q&e&<T?
Havent I been walking. HqT (#d|{>) q&e&+ <?
I have walked.
HqT (|&) q&#qT.
Have I walked?
HqT (|&T) q&#H?
I havent walked.
HqT (|&T) q&e<T?
Havent I walked?
HqT (|&T) q&e<?
I walk.
HqT (sp) q&TkqT.
I dont walk.
HqT (sp) q&eqT.
Do I walk?
HqT (sp) q&TkH?
Dont I walk?
HqT (sp) q&eH?
If I invite him to the party, he will attend.

HqT n b Vd, nqT ek&T.

40. If you read well, you will pass.

e u> #~$, e rsT&e nee.

41. If I were a bird, I would fly home.

HqT | nsTT, +{ m] yfiqT (nk< $wjT+)

42. If you meet the minister, he may help you.

e eT+ *d, nqT kjT+ #jTe#TqT.

43. If he had worked hard, he would have passed.

nqT u> w|&e+f, nqT bdsTT e+&y&T.

44. If I had gone there, I would have got the job.

HqT n& y[fle+f, <>+ H ee+&~.

45.Ramesh is the cleverest boy in the class. (Superlative Degree)

s> syTwt u> *$ >\ u\T&T.

46. Ramesh is clever than any other boy in the class.

syTwt s>, u\Ts+<]+f *$>\y&T. (Comparative Degree)

47. No other boy in the class is as cleverer as Ramesh

s> @ u\T& syT wt n+ *$>\y&T<T.(Positive Degree)

48. Ramesh is one of the cleverest boys in the class (SD)

syTwt s> *$>\ yfifl &T.

49. Very few boys in the class are as clever as Ramesh.

s> # e eT+~ u\TsT syTwt n+ *$>\ysT.

50. I saw him to minutes ago.|~ $Tc\ + HqT n #XqT.
51. I pray for your success. $jT+ d+ HqT b]kqT.
52. A blind man needs help. >T&y kjT+ neds+.
53. I have no money to spare.

{sTT+#{/KsT #jT{ H <>Zs &T<T.

54. He is too weak to stand.

nqT \&q+ \Vq+> H&T.

55. She is a university student. yT $X$<\jT $<].
56. Steel is a metal. d\T VeTT.
57. I visited Kashmir last April. > @| HqT osY #XqT.
58. I believe you. HqT qT qeTTqT.
59. I bought three dozen oranges.

HqT 3 &q eT\T =HqT.

60. None of the girls is coming to the picnic.

| @ u* se&+@<T.
61. He and I are twins. nqT HqT e\\T.
62. Both his sons are doctors. n <sT esT\T y<T\T.
63. I wrote to him yesterday. q HqT n sXqT.
64. I saw the film a week ago.

ys+ + HqT deqT #XqT.

65. I have been waiting here for a long time.

HqT #d|{> & m<TsT #dTHqT.

66. I have been waiting for you since 6 Oclock

d+ qqT 6 >+\ qT+& m<TsT#dTHqT.

67. Vijayawada as well as Hyderabad is a city.

$jTy& n+> V<su< q>seTT.

68. I like to listen to the radio. H s&j $q&+ w+.
69. She is my cousin. yT H TTe.
70. Neither of us was present at the meeting.

eTq &T deyX VsT <T.

71. I am thirty five years old. H 35 d+es\ ejTdT.
72. He is brilliant neither at language nor science.

nqT uw, dH yT<$&T.

73. Owing to his illness he was absent.

nHs>+ e\ nqT s<T.

74. What is the price of that book. |d+ y\
75. I can help you. HqT dVjT+ #jT>\qT.

m+?

Some more sentences

1.
2.
3.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.

What do you do everyday?

What will you do tomorrow?
What did you do yesterday?
I tell you everything.
I can do anything.
I know nothing.
I did something.
Somebody came.
Everyone knows.
Anybody can do this.
Nobody took that.
I went somewhere.

e sp @$T #ke?
e s| @$T #ke?
e q @+ #ke.
HqT n+ #T.
HqT @<H #jT>\qT.
H @MT *jT<T.
HqT @< #kqT.
mes e#sT.
| ] \TdT.
B mesH #jTe#T.
< mes rdT<T.
HqT m& yfiflqT.

14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.

I went everywhere.
I can go anywhere.
I went nowhere.
Switch on the TV.
Switch on the radio.
Switch on the fan.
Switch on the light.
Switch on the gas.
Turn on the TV.
Turn on the radio.
Turn on the fan.
Turn on the light.
Turn on the gas.
Switch off the TV.
Switch off the radio.
Switch off the fan.
Switch off the light.
Switch off the gas.
Turn off the TV
Turn off the radio.
Turn off the fan.
Turn off the light.
Turn off the gas.
Turn up the TV.
Turn up the radio.
Turn up the fan.
Turn up the gas.
Turn down the TV.

HqT n# yfiflqT.
HqT m&H yfiqT.
HqT m& yfifl<T.
{$ |T.
s&j |T.
bH ysTT.
{ ysTT.
>dt ysTT.
{$ |T.
s&j |T.
bH ysTT.
{ ysTT.
>dt y*+#T.
{$ fjYT.
s&j fjYT.
bH sTT.
{ sTT.
>dt fjYT.
{$ fjYT.
s&j fjYT.
bH fjYT.
{ sTT.
>dt fjYT.
{$ k+& |+#T.
s&j k+& |+#T.
>dt |+#T.
{$ k+& Z+#T.
s&j k+& Z+#T.

42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.

Turn down the radio.

s&j k+& Z+#T.
Turn down the fan.
bH d& Z+#T.
Turn down the gas.
>dt Z+#T.
Put on your shoes.
T ydT.
Put on your dress.
\T ydT.
Put on your shirt.
#= ydT.
Take off your shoes.
T rdjYT
Take off your dress.
\T rdjYT.
Take off your shirt.
#= rdjYT.
Get on/into the bus.
dT m.
Get on/into the train.
s\T m.
Get on/into the auto.
{ m.
Get off/out of the bus.
dT ~>T.
Get off/out of the train. s\T ~>T.
Get down from the auto. { ~>T.
Please turn on the light. d { yjT+&.
Shall I turn down the fan?HqT bH d&T Z+#?
I am putting on my shoes. HqT H T ydT=+THqT.
I took off my shoes.
HqT T rkqT.
Every man, woman and child was present.

| eT>y&T, &~ eT]jTT |\y&T Vsj&T.

* y T+{y?

EXERCISES

(nudeTT\T)

|sp $<sT\T = y yeTT\qT nud+#>\sT :

LEVEL-1
1. I am (Im) here.
HqT & HqT.
2. Am I here?
HqT & HH?
3. I am not ((Im not) here.
HqT & qT.
4. Arent I here?
HqT & H?
Note: we, you, they, boys, he, she, it, Rama, sita nqT

|<\ y\T #b*.

LEVEL-2
5. I was here yesterday?
HqT q & +{.
6. Was I here yesterday?
HqT q & +{H?
7. I was not (wasnt) here yesterday? HqT q & qT?
8. Wasnt I here yesterday?
HqT q & H?
Note: we, you, they, boys, he, she, it, Rama, sita nqT

|<\ y\T #b*.

LEVEL-3
9. I will (Ill`) be there tomorrow.s| HqT n& +{qT.
10. Will I be there tomorrow? s| HqT n& +{H?
11. I will not (wont`y+{) be there tomorrow.

HqT s| n& +&qT.

12. Wont I be there tomorrow? s| HqT n& +&H?

Note: we, you, they, boys, he, she, it, Rama, sita nqT

|<\ y\T #b*.

1.
2.
3.
4.

LEVEL-4
I am (Im`yT) walking.
Am I walking?
I am not (Im not) walking.
Arent I walking?
HqT

HqT q&TdTHqT.
HqT q&TdTHH?
HqT q&ef<T.
q&ef<?

Note: we, you, they, boys, he, she, it, Rama, sita nqT

|<\ y\T #b*.

LEVEL-5
5. I was walking yesterday.
HqT q q&Td
6. Was I walking yesterday?
HqT q q&Td
7. I was not (wasnt`eC+{) walking yesterday?

e+{.
e+{H?

HqT q q&Td e+&<?

8. Wasnt I walking yesterday?

HqT q q q&Td e+&<?

Note: we, you, they, boys, he, she, it, Rama, sita nqT
|<\ y\T #b*.
LEVEL-6
9. I will (Ill`) be walking tomorrow.s | HqT q&Td +{qT.
10. Will I be walking tomorrow? s| HqT q&Td +{H?
11. I will not be walking tomorrow. HqT s| q&Td +&qT.
12. Wont I be walking tomorrow? s| HqT q&Td +&H?
Note: we, you, they, boys, he, she, it, Rama, sita nqT

|<\ y\T #b*.

LEVEL-7
1. I advise.
HqT (sp) d\V kqT.
2. Do I advise?
HqT d\V kH?
3. I do not (dont &H) advise.
HqT d\V eqT.
4. Dont I advise?
HqT d\V eH?
5. He advises.
nqT (sp)d\V k&T.
6. Does he advise?
nqT d\V k&?
7. He does not (doesnt) advise. nqT d\V e&T.
8. Doesnt he advise?
nqT d\V e&?
Note: we, you, they, boys, he, she, it, Rama, sita nqT

|<\ y\T #b*.

LEVEL-8
1. I advised.
HqT d\V #qT.
2. Did I advise?
HqT d\V #H?
3. I did not (didnt &+{) advise. HqT d\V e<T.
4. Didnt I advise?
HqT d\V e<?
Note: we, you, they, boys, he, she, it, Rama, sita nqT

|<\ y\T #b*.

LEVEL-9
1. I shall advise.
HqT d\V kqT.
2. Shall I advise?
HqT d\V kH?
3. I will not (wont y+{) advise. HqT d\V eqT.
4. Wont I advise?
HqT d\V eH?
Note: we, you, they, boys, he, she, it, Rama, sita nqT

|<\ y\T #b*.

LEVEL-10
1. I have (Ive) walked.
HqT (|&) q&#qT.
2. Have I walked?
HqT (|&) q&#H?
3. I have not (havent`Ve+{) walked. HqT (|&T) q&e<T.
4. Havent I walked?
HqT (|&T) q&e<?
Note: we, you, they, boys, he, she, it, Rama, sita nqT

|<\ y\T #b*.

LEVEL-11

(>+ s+&T |qT\T ]q|&T yTT<> ]q | bdt |sY|

fHqT sTy ]q | d+| bdt fHqT #|eqT)
1. I had jogged in the morning before he came my home.

nqT e +{ e#eTT+< HqT C+> #XqT.

2. Had I jogged in the morning before he came my home?

nqT e +{ e#eTT+< HqT C+> #XH?

3. I hadnt jogged in the morning before he came my home.

nqT e +{ seTT+< HqT C+> #jT<T.

4. Hadnt I jogged in the morning before he came my home?

nqT e +{ e#eTT+< HqT C+> #jT<?

Note: we, you, they, boys, he, she, it, Rama, sita nqT
|<\ y\T #b*.
LEVEL-12
1. I shall have advised tomorrow at this time.

s| b{ HqT d\V +{qT.

2. Shall I have advised tomorrow at this time?

s| b{ HqT d\V +{H?

3. I wont have advised tomorrow at this time.

s| b{ HqT d\V +&qT.

4. Wont I have advised tomorrow at this time?

s| b{ HqT d\V +&H?

Note: we, you, they, boys, he, she, it, Rama, sita nqT
|<\ y\T #b*.
LEVEL-13
1. I have (Ive) been walking.

HqT (#d|{>) q&TdH HqT.

2. Have I been walking?

HqT (#d|{>) q&TdH HH?

3. I have not (havent) been walking.

HqT (#d|{>) q&ef<T?

4. Havent I been walking? HqT (#d|{>) q&ef<?
Note: we, you, they, boys, he, she, it, Rama, sita nqT
|<\ y\T #b*.
LEVEL-14
1. I had been walking yesterday at this time.

HqT q b{ >& q&TdH HqT.

2. Had I been walking yesterday at this time?

HqT q b{ >& q&TdH HH?

3. I hadnt been walking yesterday at this time.

HqT q b{ >& (#d|) q&Td +&<T.

4. Hadnt I been walking yesterday at this time?

HqT q b{ >& q&Td +&<?

Note: we, you, they, boys, he, she, it, Rama, sita nqT
|<\ y\T #b*.
LEVEL-15
1. I shall have been walking tomorrow by this time.

HqT s| b{ L& q&TdH +{qT.

2. Shall I have been walking tomorrow by this time?

HqT s| b{ L& q&TdH +{H?

3. I wont have been walking tomorrow by this time.

HqT s| b{ (#d|{>) q&Td +&qT.

4. Wont I have been walking tomorrow by this time?

HqT s| b{ (#d|{>) q&TdH +&H?

Note: we, you, they, boys, he, she, it, Rama, sita nqT
|<\ y\T #b*.
LEVEL-16
PASSIVE VOICE sD |j>eTT
1. I am (Im) advised.
H sE d\V #sT.
2. Am I advised today.
H sE d\V #s?
3. I am not (Im not) today advised. H sE d\V e<T .
4. Arent I advised today? H sE d\V e<?
Note: we, you, they, boys, he, she, it, Rama, sita nqT

|<\ y\T #b*.

LEVEL-17
1. I was advised yesterday. H q d\V
2. Was I advised yesterday? H q d\V
3. I was not (wasnt) advised yesterday.

H q d\V e<T.

#sT.
#s?

4. Wasnt I advised yesterday? H q d\V e<?

Note: we, you, they, boys, he, she, it, Rama, sita nqT

|<\ y\T #b.

LEVEL-18
1. I shall be advised.
s| H d\V ksT.
2. Shall I be advised tomorrow? s| H d\V ks?
3. I wont be advised tomorrow. s| H d\V esT.
4. Wont I be advised tomorrow? s| H d\V es?
Note: we, you, they, boys, he, she, it, Rama, sita nqT

|<\ y\T #b*.

LEVEL-19
1. I am being advised.
H d\V d HsT.
2. Am I being advised?
H d\V d Hs?
3. I am not being advised today. sE H d\V ef<T.
4. Arent I being addvised today? sE H d\V ef<?
Note: we, you, they, boys, he, she, it, Rama, sita nqT

|<\ y\T #b*.

LEVEL-20
1. I was being advised yesterday. q H d\V d +&].
2. Was I being advised yesterday? q H d\V d +&s?
3. I was not (wasnt) being advised yesterday.

q H d\V d +&<T.

4. Wasnt I being advised yesterday?q H d\V d +&<

?
Note: we, you, they, boys, he, she, it, Rama, sita nqT

|<\ y\T #b*.

1.
2.
3.
4.

LEVEL-21
I have been advised.
H (|&) d\V #sT.
Have I been advised.
H (|&) d\V #s?
I have not (havent) been advised. H (|&) d\V e<T .
Havent I been advised? H (|&) d\V e<?

Note: we, you, they, boys, he, she, it, Rama, sita nqT

|<\ y\T #b*.

LEVEL-22
1. I had been advised yesterday before my friend came.

H dVT&T e#eTT+< q H d\V #sT.

2. Had I been advised yesterday before Ramesh came.

q syTwt e#eTT+< H d\V d\V #s?

3. I had not (hadnt) been advised yesterday before she came.

q yT e#eTT+< H d\V e<T.

4. Hadnt I been advised yesterday before Venkatesh came?

q y+fwt e#eTT+< H d\V e<?

Note: we, you, they, boys, he, she, it, Rama, sita nqT

|<\ y\T #b*.

LEVEL-23
1. I shall have been advised tomorrow.

s| H d\V ksT.
2. Shall I have been advised tomorrow?

s| H d\V ks?
3. I wont have been advised tomorrow?

s| H d\V esT.
4. Wont I have been advised tomorrow?

s| H d\V es?
Note: we, you, they, boys, he, she, it, Rama, sita nqT
|<\ y\T #b*

Sentences for practice

PRESENT TENSE
(Active Voice & Passive Voice)
1. I walk.
HqT (sp) q&TkqT.
2. Do I walk?
HqT (sp) q&TkH?
3. I dont walk.
HqT (sp) q&eqT.
4. Dont I walk?
HqT (sp) q&eH?
5. He walks.
nqT (sp) q&Tk&T.
6. Does he walk?
nqT (sp) q&Tk&?
7. He doesnt walk.
nqT (sp) q&e&T.
8. Doesnt he walk?
nqT (sp) q&e&?
9. I am walking.
HqT q&Td HqT.
10. Am I walking?
HqT q&TdTHH?
11. Im not walking.
HqT q&e&+ <T.
12. Arent I walking?
HqT q&e&+ <?
13. I have (Ive) walked.
HqT (|&) q&#qT.
14. Have I walked?
HqT (|&) q&#H?
15. I havent walked.
HqT (|&) q&#H?
16. Havent I walked?
HqT (|&) q&e<?
17. He has walked.
nqT (|&) q&#&T.
18. Has he walked?
nqT (|&) q&#&?
19. He hasnt walked.
nqT (|&) q&e<T.
20. Hasnt he walked?
nqT (|&) q&e<?
21. I have been walking. HqT (#d|{>) q&TdHeHqT.
22. Have I been walking?HqT (#d|T+) q&TdH
eHH?
23. I havent been walking. HqT (#d|T+) q&e&+<T.
24. Havent I been walking?HqT (#d|T+) q&e&+ <?
25. He has been walking. nqT (#d|T+) q&TdTH&T.

26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.

Has he been walking? nqT (#d|T+) q&TdTH&?

He hasnt been walking.nqT (#d|T+) q&e&+<T.
Hasnt he been walking. nqT (#dT+) q&e&+<?
I am advised.
H (sEq) d\V #sT.
Am I advised?
H (sEq) d\V #s?
Im not advised
H (sEq) d\V e<T.
Arent I advised?
H (sEq) d\V e<?
I am being advised.
H d\V d HsT.
Am I being advised?
H d\V d Hs?
I am not being advised.
H d\V d +&<T.
Arent I being advised?
H d\V d +&<?
I have been advised?
H (|&) d\V #sT.
Have I been advised?
H (|&) d\V #s?
I havent been advised.
H (|&) d\V e<T.
Havent I been advised?
H (|&) d\V e<?
PAST TENSE`u\eTT

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.

I walked.
Did I walk?
I didnt walk.
Didnt I walk?
He walked.
Did he walk?
He didnt walk.
Didnt he walk?
I was walking.
Was I walking?
I wasnt walking.

HqT q&#qT.
HqT q&#H?
HqT q&e<T.
HqT q&e<?
nqT q&#&T.
nqT q&#&?
nqT q&e<T.
nqT q&e<?
HqT q&Td +{.
HqT q&Td +{H?
HqT q&Td +&<T.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Wasnt I walking?
HqT q&Td +&<T.
I had walked before he came.nqT e#eTT+< HqT q&#qT.
Had I walked before he came? nqT e#eTT+< HqT q&#H?
I hadnt walked before he came. nqT e#eTT+< HqT q&e<T .
Hadnt I walked before he came?nqT e#eTT+< HqT q&e<?
I had been walking.
HqT (#d|) q&Td +{.
Had I been walking?
HqT (#d|) q&Td +{H?
I hadnt been walking.
HqT (#d|) q&Td +&<T.
Hadnt I been walking? HqT (#d| q&Td) +&<?
I was advised.
H (q) d\V #sT.
Was I advised.
H (q) d\V #s?
I wasnt advised.
H (q) d\V e<T.
Wasnt I advised?
H (q) d\V e<?
I was being advised.
H d\V d +&].
Was I being advised?
H d\V d +&s?
I wasnt being advised.
H d\V d +&<T.
Wasnt I being advised?
H d\V d +&<?
I had been advised.
H (n|&) d\V #sT.
Had I been advised?
H (n|&) d\V #s?
I hadnt been advised.
H (n|&) d\V e<T.
Hadnt I been advised?
H (n|&) d\V e<?
FUTURE TENSE
I shall walk.
HqT q&TkqT.
Shall I walk?
HqT q&TkH?
I wont walk.
HqT q&eqT.
Wont I walk?
HqT q&eH?
I will be walking.
HqT q&Td +{qT.

6.

Will I be walking?

12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.

HqT q&Td +{H?

7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.

HqT q&Td +&qT.

Wont I be walking?
HqT q&Td +&H?
I shall have walked.
HqT (n|{) q&+{qT.
Shall I have walked?
HqT (n|{) q& +{H?
I wont have walked.
HqT (n|{) q&+&qT.
Wont I have walked?
HqT (n|{) q& +&H?
I will have been walking.
HqT q&Td +{qT.
Will I have been walking?
HqT q&Td +{H?
I wont have been walking.
HqT q&Td +&qT.
Wont I have been walking?
HqT q&Td +&H?
I shall be advised.
H (s|) d\V ksT.
Shall I be advised?
H (s|) d\V ks?
I wont be advised?
H (s|) d\V esT.
Wont I be advised?
H (s|) d\V es?
I wont be walking.

21. I shall have been advised.H (s| b{) d\V +{sT.

22. Shall I have been advised?H (s| b{) d\V +{s?

23. I wont have been advised.H (s| b{) d\V +&sT .

24. Wont I have been advised?H (s| b{) d +&sT.

$<+ > we, you, they, boys, he she, it, Rama, Sita nqT |<\
yeTT\T ]+#* | sE.
(yTT+ y\T 40G32G24R96). 10I96R960 y\T sp #b*.

(Its {)

It is

(Shes wC)

She is

(Hes VC )

He is

(Theyre <sY)

They are

(Youre jsY)

You are

(Were $jTsY)

We are

(Im yT)

I am

Yes

I arent (+{)

No

(HqT HqT)

It isnt (C+{)

She isnt (C+{)

He isnt (C+{)

They arent (+{)

You arent (+{)

We arent (+{)

I m not (yT H{)

Present - |dT+

It will be

She will be

He will be

They will be

You will be

We will be

I will (Ill)be

Yes

Future - u$wY

It wont be

She wont be

He wont be

They wont be

You wont be

We wont be

I wont be

No

It was

She was

He was

They were

You were

We were

I was

Yes

It wasnt

She wasnt

He wasnt

They werent

You werent

We werent

I wasnt

No

(HqT +{qT) Past - >+ HqT +{)

Be Table

$XwDeTT\ yeTT\T
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.

He is brave/courageous.
She is beautiful.
It is big.
He is benefited.
It is cheap.
It is costly.
He is clever.
It is cold.
It is curved.
She is careful.
He is cheerful.
It is changeable.
Its clear.
It is difficult.
He is dangerous.
It is dirty.
It is easy.
It is eatable.
He is foolish.
It is fine.
You are faithful.
He is famous.
Its far.

nqT <seTT>\y&T.
yT n+<yTq~.
n~ |<~.
nqT ueTT b+<&T.
n~ #q~.
n~ K<q~.
nqT *yqy&T.
n~ #\Hq~.
n~ e+s> qTq~.
yT C>> q~.
nqT d+> H&T.
n~ esT #+<>\<T.
n~ dweTT> q~.
n~ ]qyTq~.
nqT nbjTsyTqy&T.
n~ eTT]> q~.
n~ dT\Tyq~
n~ q<q~.
n&T *$ey&T.
n~ u>Tq~.
e $XdeTT >\y&$.
nqT |sT |UT\T >\y&T.
n~ <seTT>qTq~.

24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.

Its good.
Its great.
He is gifted.
It is heavy.
Its hot.
Its hard.
She is happy.
He is junior.
He is luckless.
He is lucky.
Its long.
Its little.
Its light.
Its lower.
Its lengthy.
Its loaded.
Its large.
You are late.
Its much.
Its new.
Its noble.
Its near.
Its old.
Its pale.

n~ eT+~.
n~ >=|~.
nqT | >\y&T.
n~ sTe> q~.
n~ y&> q~.
n~ weTT> q~.
yT d+w+> q~.
nqT qy&T.
nqT n<w+ y&T.
nqT n<weTT>\y&T.
n~ b&yq~.
n~ e.
n~ *q~.
n~ +< q~.
n~ b&yq~.
n~ sTe yjT&q~.
n~ |<~.
MTsT \deTT #XsT.
n~ me.
n~ =~.
n~ qyTq~.
n~ <>Zs> q~.
n~ b~.
n~ b*bsTTq~.

48.
49
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.

Its proper.
Its round.
Its strong.
Its small.
He is sad.
He is bad.
Its straight.
Its superior.
He is senior.
He is talkative.
Its thick.
Its thin.
Its tall.
He is timid.
Its ugly.
He is virtuous.
He is vicious.
He is very proud.
Time is valuable.
Its wide.
You are weak.
He is quick.
Its worthy.
Its well.
He is young.

n~ dsq~.
n~ >T+&eTT> q~.
n~ \yTq~.
n~ q~.
nqT $#seTT> H&T.
nqT #&y&T.
n~ q> qTq~.
n~ XwyTq~.
nqT |<y&T.
nqT e{&T due+ >\y&T.
n~ eT+<eTT> q~.
n~ |\T#> q~.
n~ b&yq~.
nqT |]y&T.
n~ $syTq~.
nqT >\y&T.
nqT #&TT~ >\y&T.
nqT n >seTT >\y&T.
deTjTeTT $\Tyq~.
n~ y&\T> q~.
e \VqeTT> He.
nqT =+<s> H&T.
n~ j> >\~.
n~ u>T> q~/n~ eT+> eq~.
nqT qy&T.

PASSIVE VOICE SENTENCES:

Verbs & Passive Voice |j+#\+f n verbs Passive
Voice y\ |j>|&e. = eyT |eksTT. #
d+<s\ qqT < H n eTq+ #|ujT verb C&d, e#
yeTT ysD<+> +f nTe+{y{ eyT Passive Voice

y sDeTTq y&*.
<VsD: I cook HqT (sp) e+&TqT n nseTT. yeTTH
Passive voice yeTT> es\qT+f I am cooked n ese\d
e+T+~. yeTT d]> <T. Te+{ jT\qT Passive
voice y&s<T
I advise. HqT d\V kqT n #|q|&T I am advised H d\V
#sT. advised nH |<eTTqT passive voice > |j+#e#TqT.
{ qqT H n verbs |j+ eTq+ eTT+<T> =+{
HsT= +&*.
n$:
1. Advise
` d\V#T
2. Beat
` =T
3. Call
` |\T#T
4. Doubt
` d+<V+#T
5. Encourage
` bV+#T
6. Give
` #T
7. Great
` n_q+~+#T
8. Invite
` V+#T
9. Imitate
` nqT]+#T
10. Intimate
` *jTCjTT
11. Kick
` qT
12. Kill
` #+|
13. Like
` w|&T

|$T+#T
|[fl#dT=qT
y>qeTT#jTT
#*+#T
>+T
>s$+#T
rdT=qT
#|
u~+#T
#|
D #T
V#]+#T
jT\ jTT 3e (V3) s|eTTq+<Tq Past Past Participle
edT+~.
Helping Verbs dVjT jT\T : They help the main verb, so
they are called helping verbs. M{ eT]= |sT q$. n$
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.

Love
Marry
Promised
Pay
Push
Respect
Take
Say
Teach
Tell
train
Warn

`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`

Auxiliary verbs, peculiars, special verbs, weak verbs,

Anomalous verbs.
1.
2.
3.
4.

Be forms: Is, am, are, was, were, be, been, being.

Do forms: do, does, did
Have forms: have, has had
Models: will, would, shall, should, can, could, may,
might, must, need, dare, ought to, used to n $<+>
heping verbs 4 s\T> q$.

Main verbs chief verbs. Principle verbs, strong verbs,

ordinary verbs n n+{sT

Yoou dont have

You have (Youve)

Boys will have

Boys dont have

He doesnt have

She doesnt have

It doesnt have

Rama doesnt have

Sita doesnt have

Boys have

He has (Hes Vdt)

She has (Shes wC)

It has (Its {)

Rama has

Sita has

Sita will have

Rama will have

(Itll {)

It will have

(Shell w)

She will have

(Hell V)

He will have

(Theyll <)

They will have

(youll j)

You will have

We will (Wll M)

I will have (ill )

Yes

Sita wont have

Rama wont have

It wont have

She wont have

He wont have

Boys wont have

They wont have

You wont have

We wont have

I wont have

No

Future u$wT (* +{qT)

(Theyve <y)

They have

They dont have

We dont have

We have (weve My)

(jTy)

I dont have

No

I have (Ive y)

Yes

Present |dT+ (* HqT)

Have Table

You didnt have

We didnt have

I didnt have

No

Sita had

Rama had

It had (Itd {&)

She had (Shed w&)

He had (Hed V&)

Boys had

Sita didnt have

Rama didnt have

It didnt have

She didnt have

He didnt have

Boys didnt have

They had (Theyd <&) They didnt have

You had (youd jT&)

We had (wed M&)

I had (Id &)

Yes

Past >+ (* +{)

Simple Present

Present Cont.

Present Perfect

Simple past

Past Cont.

Past Perfect

Simple Future

Future Perfect

Can/May

Imperative

Wh, Qs

Yes/No Qs

02.

03.

04.

05.

06.

07.

08.

09.

10.

11.

12.

Tense

01.

S.No
Sita
They
Anil
We
She
many students
Keats
They
Kiran
Some girls
Raman
They
She
We
She
They
we
They
Do it
Please
Who
Where
Do
Have you

Plural
*
*
*
*
Singular
Plural
Singular
Plural

Sub

Singular
Plural
Singular
Plural
Singular
Plural
Singular
Plural
Singular
Plural
Singular
Plural
Singular
Plural
Singular

No.

Verb
Sings
Sell
is driving
are staging
has known
have helped
wrote
built
was drawing
Were practising
had won
had defeated
will note
will(shall) arrange
will have
completed
will have fulfilled
can do
may win
immediately.
remove
wrote
did you keep
you know
returned

ACTIVE VOICE

the Shoes.
this poem?
my glasses?
her?
the books?

a song.
Radios.
a car.
plays.
the fact.
them.
this poem.
many houses.
a new Picture.
dance.
The title.
the English.
the points.
a seminar.
her project
report.
the conditions.
it.
the Match.

Object

Be Form
is
Sold
is being
are being
has been
have been
Was
Were
Was being
Practised
had been
had been
Will be
will be
Will have been
will have been
Can be
may be
be
requested
was
Were my
to you?
the books

Sub Agent

A song
Radios are
A car
Plays
The fact
They
The Poem
Many houses
A New picture
DanceWas being
The title
The english
The Points
A Seminar
Her Project report
The Conditions
It
The match
Let it
You are
By whom
Where
Is she Known
Have
by
by
by
by
by
by
by
by
immediately.
the shoes.
written?
(by you)?
(by you)?

been returned

by
them
by
by
to
by
by
by
by

Preposition

Sung
by
driven
Staged
known
helped
Written
built
drawn
won
defeated
noted
arranged
Complted
fulfilled
done
Won
done
to remove
this Poem
glasses kept

Verb (PP)

PASSIVE VOICE

Anil
us.
her.
many students.
Keats.
them.
Kiran.
Ramana.
them.
her.
us.
her.
them.
us.
them.

Sita

Obj Agent

ess y\T
HqT qe<T.

HqT q$H?

HqT q$.

HqT qe +&<T.
HqT qe +&qT.
HqT (|&T) qe<T.
HqT(n|&) qe<T.

HqT qe +{H?

HqT (|&) qyH?

HqT (n|&) q$H?

HqT qe +{qT.

HqT (|&) qyqT.

HqT (n|&) q$.

Shall I have laughed?

Had I laughed?

Have I laughed?

Will I be laughing?

I wont have laughed.

I hadnt laughed.

I havent laughed.

I wont be laughing.

Wont I have laughed?

HqT (n|&) qe<?

Hadnt I laughed?

HqT (|&) qe<?

Havent I laughed?

HqT qe +&H?

Wont I be laughing?

HqT qe +&<?

Wasnt I laughing?

HqT qe H?

Arent I laughing?

HqT qeH?

Wont I laugh?

HqT qe<?

Didnt I laugh?

HqT qeH?

Dont I laugh?

es |Xs y\T

NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
SENTENCES

HqT (n|&T) q$ +{qT HqT (n|&T)q$ +{H? HqT (n|&T) q$ +{qT. HqT (n|&T) q$ +{H?
Have I been laughing?
I have been laughing.
I havet been laughing. Havent I been laughing?
HqT #d|{> qe HqT #d|{> qe HqT #d|{> qe HqT # d|{> qe
<?
HH?
<T .
HqT.
Hadnt I been laughing?
I
hadnt
been
laughing.
Had
I
been
laughing?
I had been laughing.
HqT # d|{> qe
H
q
T
#
d
|
{

>

qe

HqT #d|{> qe HqT # d|{> qe

+&<?
+&

<

T
.
+{H?
+{.

I will have laughed.

I had laughed.

I have laughed.

I will be laughing.

I wasnt laughing.

HqT qe +{H?

Was I laughing?

HqT qe +{.

I was laughing.

HqT qe qT.

Im not laughing.

HqT qeqT.

I wont laugh.

HqT qe HH?

Am I laughing?

HqT qeH?

Shall I laugh?

HqT qe HqT.

I am laughing.

HqT qeqT.

I shall laugh.

I didnt laugh.

HqT qeqT.

Did I laugh?

HqT qeH?

I laughed.

HqT qeqT.

I dont laugh.

|Xs y\T

Do I laugh?

k<sD y\T

I laugh.

NEGATIVE
SENTENCES

INTERROGATIVE
SENTENCES

AFFIRMATIVE
SENTENCES

ACTIVE VOICE

` s] |j>eTT

Have I been told?

H #|# +{s?

Was I being told?

H #T Hs?

Am I being told?

H (s|) #Ts?

Had I been told?

H (n|{) #|d
+{sT.

H (n|{) #|d
+{s?

I shall have been told. Shall I have been told?

H (n|&) #bsT. H (n|&) #bs?

had been told.

H (|& ) #bsT H (|&) #bs?

I have been told.

H #|# +{].

I was being told.

H#T HsT.

I am being told.

H (s|) #TsT.

Shall I be told?

H (q) #bs?

H (q) #bsT.

I shall be told.

Was I told?

I was told.

H (sE) #bsT H (sE) #bs?

Am I told?

|Xs y\T

k<sD y\T

I am told.

INTERROGATIVE
SENTENCES

AFFIRMATIVE
SENTENCES

H sE #|<?
Was not I told?

H (q) #|<.
Shall I not be told?

H (s|) #|s?
Am I not being told?

H #T +&<?
Was I not being told?

H #|# +&<?
Havent I been told?

H(|&) #|<?
Hadnt I been told?

H (n|&) #|<?

H ( sE) #|<T.
I was not told.

H (q) #|<T.
I shall not be told.

H (s|) #|sT.
I am not being told.

H #T +&<T
I was not being told.

H #|# +&<T
I have not been told.

H (|&) #|<T.
I had not been told.

H (n|&) #|<T
H (n|{) #|d
+&sT.

H (n|{) #|d
+&sT.

I shall not have been told. Shall I not have been told?

Am I not told?

es |Xs y\T

ess y\T
I am not told.

NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
SENTENCES

` sD |j>eTT
NEGATIVE
SENTENCES

PASSIVE VOICE

SIMPLE PAST TENSE

1. I added.
2. I advised.
3. I agreed.
4. I accepted.
5. I absented.
6. I attended.
7. I bathed.
8. I buried.
9. I brought.
10. I beat.
11. We bit.
12. We believed.
13. We came.
14. We called.
15. We crushed.
16. We cursred.
17. We congratulated.
18. We drank.
19. We dug.
20. We did.
21. You dreamt.
22. You doubted.
23. You ate.
24. You encouraged.

keq u\eTT
HqT *bqT.
HqT d\V #qT.
HqT n+^]+#qT.
HqT deT+#qT.
HqT VsT<T.
HqT VsjqT.
HqT kqeTT #XqT.
HqT b|{qT.
HqT rdT=#qT.
HqT ={qT.
yTeTT =]eTT.
yTeTT qeeTT.
yTeTT e#eTT.
yTeTT |*#eTT.
yTeTT q\>>={eTT.
yTeTT X|+#eTT.
yTeTT n_q+~+#eTT.
yTeTT >eTT.
yTeTT yeTT.
yTeTT #XeTT.
MTsT \>HsT.
MTsT d+<V+#sT.
MTsT HsT.
MTsT bV+#sT.

25.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.

You fought (b{).

You filled.
You forgot.
You feared.
You went.
They enjoyed.
They gave.
They guessed.
They gained.
They greeted.
They hanged.
They held.
They invited.
They irritated.
They imitated.
Boys intimated.
Boys jumped.
Boys knew.
Boys kicked.
Boys killed.
Boys looked.
Boys left.
Boys led.
Boys liked.
Boys laughed.

MTsT b{&sT.
MTsT +bsT.
MTsT eT]bjsT.
MTsT ujT|&sT.
MTsT yfiflsT.
ysT q+~+#sT.
ysT #sT.
ysT }V+#sT.
ysT ueTT b+<sT.
ysT n_q+~+#sT.
ysT y&BXsT.
ysT |T=HsT.
ysT V+#sT.
ysT |+ |+#sT.
ysT nqT]+#sT.
u\TsT *bsT.
u\TsT <sT.
u\TsT *bsT.
u\TsT HsT.
u\TsT #+bsT.
u\TsT #XsT.
u\TsT e~*|{sT.
u\TsT <]#bsT.
u\TsT w|&sT.
u\TsT qysT.

51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.

He lived.
He loved.
He married.
He promised.
He paid.
He proved.
He pained.
He prepared.
He pushed.
He preserved.
She read (s&).
She ran.
She respected.
She rent.
She sat.
She stood.
she spoke.
She slept.
She spent.
She sold.
It sang.
It shook.
It stole.
It sent.
It smelt.

nqT ed+#qT.
nqT |$T+#qT.
nqT |[fl#dT=HqT.
nqT y>q+ #X&T.
nqT #*+#&T.
nqT s|+#&T.
nqT u<|&&T.
nqT jsT#dqT.
nqT >+{&T.
nqT C> #dqT.
yT #~yqT.
yT |sT>qT.
yT >s$+#qT.
yT N*+~.
yT LsT+~.
yT \&+~.
yT e{&+~.
yT <bsTT+~.
yT KsT #d+~.
yT n$T+~.
n~ b&+~.
n~ ~|+~.
n~ <=+*++~.
n~ |+|+~.
n~ ydq#|+~.

76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.

It swept.
It said.
It sought.
It swore.
It swam.
Rama studied.
Rama showed.
Rama started.
Ravi starved.
Rama took.
Rama threw.
Rama taught.
Rama thought.
Rama told.
Rama trained.
Sita tried.
Sita understood.
Sita wrote.
Sita walked.
Sita washed.
Sita won.
Sita wore.
Sita wanted.
Sita warned.
Sita worried.

n~ T&+~.
n~ #|+~.
n~ y~+~.
n~ |eD+ #d+~.
n~ ~+~.
seTT&T #~y&T.
seTT&T #|qT.
seTT&T jT\T<sqT.
s$ * +&qT.
seTT&T rdT=HqT.
seTT&T $d]ydqT.
seTT&T u~+#qT.
seTT&T +#qT.
seTT&T #|qT.
seTT&T D#qT.
d |jT+#qT.
d nseTT #dT=HqT.
d ydqT.
d q&#qT.
d &>qT.
d >*#qT.
d <]+#qT.
d sT=HqT.
d V#]+#qT.
d +>sT|&qT.

QUESTION TAGS
HELPING
VERBS

POSITIVE
Q.TAG

NEGATIVE
Q.TAG

Am

Am I ?

Arent I ?

Is

Is she/he/it

Are

Are they /we / you ?

Arent - they /we / you ?

Do

Do you / I / they / we ?

Dont you / I / they /we ?

Does

Does she/he /it ?

Was

was she / he /you / I ?

wasnt - she / he /you / I ?

Were

were they / we / you ?

werent - you / they/you?

Have

Have you / I /we/ they?

Havent they /we / you ?

Has

has she /he/it ?

Hast - she/he/it ?

Will

will she / he/it ?

Wont she / he / it?

Would

would you / she / he /it ?

Isnt She / He ?

Doesnt /she/he/it?

wouldnt you / she/he/it?

9.

My, our, your, his, her, its, their

pronouns noun

possessive case

noun

e.g : This is my book

10.

mine, ours, yours, his, hers, their

case pronouns

possessive

noun

e.g : This book is mine

11.

Pronouns

Adjectives

VERBS(
Blow =

gK
"
H#
`K
~OaOK
H
H@
`=fi
K
`Q
Q

H)

gK#
Bore
= "#
Bought= H<#
Brought= `K #
Began = ~OaOK#
Burnt = H#
Built
= H>#

Dug
= `"fi#
Did
= K#
Drank = `Q#
Drew = Q#

Blew =

Bear

Buy

Bring

Begin

Burn

Build

Dig

Do

Drink

Draw

Drive

Drove

Fight

Fought =

Blown
Born/ borne
Bought
Brought
Begun
Burnt
Built
Dug
Done
Drunk
Drawn
Driven
Fought

Do

Did

Done

Drink

Drank

Drunk

Draw

Q
= `
= \_
= H#Q#
= `
= +OK
= ZQ~
= _
= Q@H#
= q_z@
= ~ Q
@
= fisK
= "yOK
= K^=
= LOK
= `eH#
= u#
=
= x~OkOK
= <` ~
H~
= P*O
K
= H@
= H~
= H#
= HH#
= x=OK
= KK
= =\_
= Y~K

Q#
Drove = `#
Fought = \_#

Found = H#Q<#
Felt
= `H#
Fed
= +OK#
Flew
73 = Zy~#
Fell
= _#

Lost
= Q@H<#
Left
= q_z>#

Ran
= ~ Q
>#
Rode = fisK#
Rang = "yOK#
Read = Kk"#
Kept
= LOK#
Knew = `eH<#
Ate
= u<#
Crept = H#
Bound = x~OkOK#
Bled
= <`~H~#
Bade = P*OK#
Beat
= H>#

Bit
= HiH#
Bred
= H<#
Dreamt = HH<#
Dwelt = x=OK#
Saw
= KK#
Spoke = =\_#

Spent = Y~K#

Drive
Fight
Find
Feel
Feed

Fly
Fall
Lose
Leave
Run
Ride
Ring
Read
Keep
Know
Eat
Creep
Bind
Bleed
Bid
Beat
Bite
Bread
Dream
Dwell
See
Speak
Spend

Drew

Drawn
Driven
Fought
Found
Felt
Fed

Flown
Fallen
Lost
Left
Run
Ridden
Rung
Read
Kept
Known
Eaten
Crept
Bound
Bled
Bidden
Beaten
Bitten
Bred
Dreamt
Dwelt
Seen
Spoken
Spent

Sell

Sold

Sold

Sit

Sat

Sat

Dwell

Dwelt

Dwelt

See

Saw

Seen

Speak

Spend

Sell

Sit

Sink

Sing

Shake

Spring

Steal

Sting

Strike

Send

Sleep

Smel

Spell

Sweep

Take

Tear

Throw

Teach

Think

Win

Weave

Wear

Write

Tell

Say

Seek

Shrink

Slay

Spin

=\_
Y~K

J=
~#
=#Q
_
H^

^
^OyeOK
@
H@
O
xkOK
"#KK
=~ H= =K
`_K
fH#
zOK
q~
kOK
PzOK
Q K
<
^iOK
"
K
K
"^
=_Kx=
KO

=\_#
Spent = Y~K#
Sold
= J"#
Sat
= ~<#
Sank
= =xQ#
Sang = _#
74
Shook = H^
#
Sprang = ^H
#
Stole = ^OyeOK#
Stung = >#
Struck = H>#

Sent
= O#
Slept = xkOK#
Smelt = "# KK#
Spoke =

Spelt

=~ H= = K#

Spoken
Spent
Sold
Sat
Sunk
Sung
Shaken
Sprung
Stolen
Stung
Struck
Sent
Slept
Smelt
Spelt

`_K#
Took
= fH<#
Tore
= zOK#
Threw = q~#
Taught = kOK#
Thought= PzOK#
Won
= Q
eK#
Wove = <#
Wore = ^iOK#
Wrote = "#
Told
= K#
Said
= K#
Sought = "^H#

Sought

Swept =

Swept
Taken
Torn
Thrown
Taught
Thought
Won
Woven
Worn
Written
Told
Said

Shrank

=_K#

Shrunk

Slew

KO#

Slain

Spun

Spun

Seek

Sought =

Sought

Shrink

Shrank

Shrunk

Swear

KO
= ^~=f
= q~
= H@
= JuHOK
= =
}=K

Stride

Swim

Strive

Slay
Spin
Sling
Smite
Stick

KO#
Slain
Spun = ^~=f# Spun
Slung = q~#
Slung
75
Smote = H>#

Smitten
Stuck = JuHOK#
Stuck
S w o r e = =
}= K# Sworn
^~=Q J_Q Strode = ^~=Q J_Q
" K #_K
" #_K#
Stridden
D^
Swam = D^#
Swum
Q\Q
uflOK Strove / Strived =Q\Q
uflOK#
Slew

Striven/ Strived
Swing

Sew

Become =
Beseech =
Beget

Behold

Deal

Fling

Forbid

Forbear =
Forsake =
Forget

Hang

TQ
@
JQ
|u=H#
H#
KK
=~H= K
q~
=^#
OK
q_z@
=~z=
"_

TQ#
Swung
Sewed = >#
Sewn
Became = J#
Become
Besought = |u=H<#
Besought
Begot = H<#
Begotten
Beheld = KK#
Beheld
Dealt
= =~H
= K# Dealt
Flung = q~#
Flung
Forbode= =^<#
Forbidden
Forbore= OK#
Forborne
Forsoke = q_z>#
Forsaken
Forgot = =~z# Forgotten
Hung/ hanged
= "_# Hung/
Swung =

hanged
Hold

Hide

Kneel

@H#
^QH#
"H =OQ

(When death is casused by

hanging)

Held

Hid

Knelt

76

@H<#
^QH<#
"H =OQ#

held
Hidden
Knelt

Overcome =
Rend

Understand=
Understood
Mean

Lead

Stand

Love

Like

Laugh

Live

Link

Load

Fill

Fail

Fear

Fire

Free

Found

Guess

Gift

Gain

Jump

Judege =
Move

Merge

JkQq OK
p
J~= KH #

JkQq OK#
Rent
= p#
Understood=J~=
KH <#

J~= Q
^iK
xK
qOK
W+ _
#=fi
x=OK
=_@
|~="
xO
`
|_
H
q_O K
OK
TOK
|HiOK
= O^
^
f~K
H^

H=

J~=#
Led
= ^iK#
Stood = xK#
Loved = qOK#
Liked = W+
_ #
Laughed= #"fi#
Lived = x=OK#
Linked = =_>#
Loaded = |~="#
Filled = xO#
Failed = `#
Feared = |_#

Fired
= H#
Fred
= q_OK#
Founded = O
K#
Guessed = TOK#
Gifted = |HiOK#
Gained = =
O^#
Jumped= ^H
#
Judged = f~K#
Moved = H^
#
Merged = He#

Overcame =

Meant =

77

Overcome
Rent

Meant
Led
Stood
Loved
Liked
Laughed
Lived
Linked
Loaded
Filled
Failed
Feared
Fired
Freed
Founded
Guessed
Gifted
Gained
Jumped
Judged
Moved
Merged

Miss

Melt

Mow

Manage =
Mend

Mind

Mint

Call

Care

Curse

Consult =
Cane

Crush

Chide

Clothe

Cease

Content =
Contribute =
Convince=
Crown

Credit

Converse =
Converge =
Consecrate=

`=
H~ Q
H
#_OK
QK

\OKH#
<}=#
=^"

K
H=K
OK
fH#
`= ` H@
#Q H@
u@
|@"H #
x
`$KO^
KO^WK
XOK
\a +H=
K
[=H@
=@_
XHK@_
q`= K

` #
Melted = HiQ
#
Mowed = H#
Managed = #_O
K#
Mended = QK#
Minded = \OKH<#
Minted = <}=#
=^" #
Called = K#
Cared = H=K#
Cursed = OK#
Consulted = fH<#
Caned = `=
` H>#
Crushed = #QH@|_#
Chided = u>#

Clothed = |@ "H
<#
Ceased= x K#
Contented= `$K
O ^#
Contributed=KO^ WK#
Convinced= XOK#
Crowned = \a +H=
K#
Credited = [=H>#

Conversed= =\_#

Converged= XHK@_#
Consecrated =q`=
K#
Missed =

78

Missed
Melted
Mowed
Managed
Mended
Minded

Minted
Called
Cared
Cursed
Consulted
Caned
Crushed
Chided
Clothed
Ceased
Contented
Contributed
Convinced

Crowned
Credited
Conversed
Converged
Consecrated

_LO_
Congratulate=Ja#OkOK
_#@O_
Connive = KK
Comprise= HeyO_
Compromise= ~r_
Deliver = JO^K

Consist =

_LO_#
Congratulated=Ja#OkOK#
Consisted =

Connived =

KK _#@O_#

Delayed

P=K

Delayed = PO K#

Decide

x~~OK
KiOK
^iOK
J#=xOK
H#K
q_z"

O_K
qxyOK
O^@
x~OK
=iOK
x~KO ^
^=K
`_

=~= #O_
`
J==xOK
OQ= K
`eK

Decided =

Doubt

Design

Desert

Deprive =
Devote =
Derive

Determine=
Describe =
Disappoint =
Differ

Drench

Deviate

Disgrace =
Foil

Inform

Connived
Comprised

Dress

Congratulated

HeyO_#
Compromised=~r_#

Delivered=JO^K#
Comprised=

Delay

Discuss =

Consisted

Compromised
Delivered

x~~OK# Decided
Discussed=KiOK#
Discussed
Dressed= ^iOK#
Dressed
Doubted= J#=xOK# Doubted
Designed=H# K# Designed
Deserted=q_z>#
Deserted
Deprived= O_K# Deprived
Devoted=qxyOK# Devoted
Derived= O^#
Derived
Determined= x~OK#
Determined
Described= =iOK#
Described
Dissappointed=x~KO
^# Disappointed
Differed= ^=
K# Differed
Drenched=`_#
Drenched
Deviated = =~=
#O_
Deviated
`#
Disgraced = J==xOK#
Disgraced
Foiled = OQ=K# Foiled
Informed = `eK#
Informed
79

Invite

Invent

Interfere

Injure

Inhabit =
Ignore

Inherit

Irritate

imitate

Intimate

Inquire =
Induce

Inspire

Implicate =
Impose =
Incline

Indulge =
Intrude

Involve

Invade

Intend

Instruct

Insure

Interrupt =
Issue

PfixOK
H#K
*eH =
Q~K

x=OK
\O KH#O_
"~` fi ==#
O^
H= \O K
J#HiOK
`eK
qKiOK
~OK
~}HQ*

z @
qkOK
"QK , "
O`$~K
KKH#=
HeOKH#
^O_`
L^t OK
L^t OK
c= K
J_y OK
|@ =K

PfixOK# Invited
Invented = H#K#
Invented
Interfered = *eH#
Interfered
Injured = Q~K
#
Injured
Inhabited= x=OK#
Inhabited
Ignored = \O
KH#O_# Ignored
Inherited = "~`
fi ==#
Inherited
O^#
Irritated = H= \O
K# Irritated
imitated= J#HiOK#
imitated
intimated = `e*#
Intimated
Inquired= qKiOK#
Inquired
Induced = ~OK#
Induced
Inspired = ~} HQK # Inspired
Implicated= z >#
Implicated
Imposed = qkOK#
Imposed
Inclined = "QK
# Inclined
Indulged = O`$ ~K
# Indulged
Intruded = KKHx" #
Intruded
Involved = HeOKH<#
Involved
Invaded= ^O_`#

Invaded
Intended = L^t
OK#
Intended
Instructed= L^t
OK#
Instructed
Insured= c= K#
Insured
Interrupted= J_y
OK#
Interrupted
Issued = |@ =K# Issued
Invited =

80