Chapter #30: The War to End War Big Picture Themes 1.

. President Wilson outlined the wars objectives with his Fourteen Points. They set the goals o ree seas! sel "determination a ter the war! and establishing a body to #revent uture wars. $. % military dra t was instituted! the irst since the &ivil War. '. Women went to wor( more than theyd ever done and blac( soldiers were dra ted into the military into segregated units. ). The %mericans ocussed their military e ort in #rotecting Paris rom the *ermans. +. %t the Treaty o ,ersailles! Wilson agreed to allow England and France to #unish *ermany or the war. -n return! they agreed to start Wilsons ./eague o 0ations.1 2. 3owever! the 45 5enate rejected the Treaty6/eague. They didnt wish to turn over %mericas decision"ma(ing to a oreign body li(e the /eague o 0ations. Chapter #30 -denti ications *eorge &reel Journalist; Head of the Committee on Public Information; sold the world on Wilsonian war aims. Bernard Baruch Head of the War Industries oard; later a !" dele#ate for the !$ durin# the cold war. 3enry &abot /odge "enator from %assachusetts; introduced the &iterac' (est bill; led a #roupd of )epublicans a#ainst the &ea#ue of $ations. 7ames 8. &o9 *emocratic nominee to run for the presidenc'; +ice,presidential mate was -*). 5el ":etermination Idea that the people can ha.e their own independence and #o.ernment; part of the /0 points. &ollective security *escribed what the lea#ue of nations tried to do 0ormalcy (o return to the wa' thin#s were before WWI. ;immerman 0ote 1 messa#e proposin# an alliance for 2erman' and %e3ico; intercepted b' the !"; proposed to #i.e %e3ico (e3as4 1ri5ona4 and $ew %e3ico. Fourteen Points Introduced b' Wilson; desi#ned to pre.ent future wars; each appealed to a specific #roup.

/eague o 0ations 6n.isioned b' Wilson as an 1ssembl' with seats for all the nations and a special council; con#ress couldn7t decide on if the' should #o to war. &ommittee on Public -n ormation Headed b' 2eor#e Creel; was a propa#anda for people about war; emplo'ed /804000 people Es#ionage and 5edition %cts )eflected current fear about 2ermans and antiwar 1mericans; enacted durin# WWI. -ndustrial Wor(ers o the World 191 :wobblies;; radical labor union a#ainst the war. War -ndustries Board 1ppointed aruch to head; intended to restore economic order 0ineteenth %mendment 2a.e women the ri#ht to .ote; #uaranteed the ri#ht to .ote. Food %dministration 1n administration created to feed wartime 1merica; led b' Hoo.er; most successful of the wartime administrations -rreconcilables people who we a#ainst the !" <oinin# the &ea#ue of $ations; e3treme isolationists. Treaty o ,ersailles Created to sol.e problems made b' WWI; punished 2erman' Chapter #30 2uided )eadin# =uestions War by %ct o *ermany <now= >Peace without ,ictory!> 4nlimited 5ubmarine War are! %rthur ;immermann 1. What events led Woodrow Wilson to as( &ongress to declare war? 2erman' sa'in# that the' would return to unrestricted submarine warfare was one of the thin#s that led to the war. (he >immerman note between %e3ico and 2erman' as well. -inall'4 Wilson said there would be a Peace without +ictor'. Wilsonian -dealism Enthroned <now= 7eannette @an(in $. 0ame Wilsons twin war aims. 3ow did these set %merica a#art rom the other combatants? (o ma?e the world safe for democrac' and to pre.ent a h'per,destructi.e war. It #a.e 1merica idealism4 because the other combatants were after territories or riches.

Wilsons Fourteen Potent Points <now= Fourteen Points '. /ist several o Wilsons Fourteen Points. $o more secret treaties. -reedom of the seas. 1 remo.al of economic barriers. )eduction of armament burdens. 1d<ustment of colonial claims. "elf,determination. 1 &ea#ue of $ations. &reel 8ani#ulates 8inds <now= &ommittee on Public -n ormation! *eorge &reel! Four"minute 8en! The 3un! Aver There ). 3ow were %mericans motivated to hel# in the war e ort? (he' became passionate about defendin# democrac' for 1merica and the world. En orcing /oyalty and 5ti ling :issent <now= /iberty &abbage! Es#ionage %ct! 5edition %ct! Eugene ,. :ebs! William :.3aywood +. 3ow was loyalty orced during WW-? &o'alt' was e.er' sacred and those who went a#ainst it were punished. If someone spo?e of bein# a#ainst the war was sent to prison. The 0ations Factories *o to War <now= Bernard Baruch! War -ndustries Board 2. Why was it di icult to mobiliBe industry or the war e ort? 1mericans were not full' prepared4 there was i#norance of how to build weapons and machiner' for a war effort4 and states did not want economic control b' the federal #o.t. Wor(ers in Wartime <now= >Wor( or Fight!> 0ational War /abor Board! Wobblies C. 3ow did the war a ect the labor movement? Con#ress made it so that an' man who doesn7t wor? will be forced to <oin the arm'. (here were still labor problems after the 1- of &. "teel wor?ers went on stri?e and 1frican 1mericans were sent to brea? the stri?e. 5u ering 4ntil 5u rage <now= 0%W5%! 1Dth %mendment! Womens Bureau E. 3ow did the war a ect women? Women went to wor? after the men went off to war. (he' wor?ed so that the' could #ain their suffra#e. (he %aternit' act was passed so that women could #o bac? home. Forging a War Economy <now= Food %dministration! 3erbert 3oover! 8eatless Tuesdays! Eighteenth %mendment! 3eatless 8ondays! /iberty Bonds D. :id government become too intrusive in #eo#les lives during the war? *ive e9am#les to su##ort your answer.

@es4 the #o.ernment called for .oluntar' measures but the war propa#anda was so stron# that people were pressured into conformin#. 8a(ing Plowboys into :oughboys 1F. Was the governments e ort to raise an army air and e ective? (he #o.ernment let soldiers ha.e a sa' in decisions but also started wor?,out sessions to sta' in shape. (he soldiers were runnin# out of mone' want wanted more that is how the' came to be ?nown as the dou#hbo's. Fighting in France""Belatedly 11. 3ow were %merican troo#s used in @ussia? 1merican troops were used to fi#ht with the )ussians so that )ussian ammunitions wouldnAt fall into 2erman hands. %merica 3el#s 3ammer the 3un <now= 8arshal Foch! 7ohn 7. Pershing! 8euse"%rgonne A ensive! %lvin Gor( 1$. :escribe the e ect o the %merican troo#s on the ighting. (he troops that were pro.ided were 'oun# men. (he' didn7t ha.e enou#h time to train so man' of them didn7t ?now how to use their #uns. The Fourteen Points :isarm *ermany <now= %rmistice 1'. What role did %merica #lay in bringing *ermany to surrender? (he /0 points pla'ed a role in brin#in# 2erman' to surrender. 1merica made 2erman' thin? that the !" had unlimited reser.es of soldiers to help the 1llies continue fi#htin# a#ainst them. (he da' the surrendered came to be ?nown a .eterans da'. Wilson 5te#s :own rom Alym#us <now= 3enry &abot /odge 1). What #olitical mista(es hurt Wilson in the months ollowing the armistice? Wilson bro?e his promise of BPolitics 1d<ournedB b' bac?in# *emocrats in the con#ressional elections. He went to 6urope to o.ersee peace proceedin#s. He didn7t include an' of the )epublicans. The -dealist Battles the -m#erialists in Paris <now= ,ittorio Arlando! :avid /loyd *eorge! *eorges &lemenceau! /eague o 0ations 1+. 3ow did Wilsons desire or the /eague o 0ations a ect his bargaining at the #eace con erence? He bar#ained with the idea that the 1llies would not ta?e the conCuered colonies. ut the lea#ue of $ations would appoint countries to be BtrusteesB of these territories. 3ammering Aut the Treaty <now= William Borah! 3iram 7ohnson! -rreconcilables 12. What com#romises did Wilson ma(e at the #eace con erence?

Wilson a#reed to the B"ecurit' (reat'B which promised -rance that both 1merica and ritain would come to its aid if 2erman' attac?ed4 Wilson an#ered the Italians b' #i.in# a .aluable seaport to @u#osla.ia instead of Ital'4 Wilson an#ered China4 b' bowin# to Japanese pressure and #i.in# Japan temporar' ownership of ChinaAs "handon# Peninsula. The Peace Treaty That Bred a 0ew War <now= Treaty o ,ersailles 1C. For what reasons did Wilson com#romise his 1) Points? (he treat' of +ersailles that made 2erman' pa' for e.er'thin#. (he treat' didn7t contain man' of the 0 points so it seemed better to #et rid of it. The :omestic Parade o Prejudice 1E. Why was the treaty criticiBed bac( in %merica? Isolationists critici5ed it because the' did not want to be Bentan#ledB with forei#n countries. "ome 1mericans were upset because it either wasnAt harsh enou#h on 2erman' or wasnAt fa.orable enou#h to their nati.e lands. Wilsons Tour and &olla#se H1D1DI 1D. What was the #ur#ose and result o Wilsons tri# around the country when he returned to %merica? He was in support of the &ea#ue of nations. He wanted peace for the future. (he ni#ht of one of his speeches he died of a stro?e. :e eat Through :eadloc( $F. Why was the treaty inally rejected? (he treat' wasn7t passed because it was a deadloc?. Wilson didn7t li?e &od#e and he told the others to not .ote to pass the treat'. When it came to .ote a#ain Wilson #ot the .otes to #o a#ainst it a#ain. The >5olemn @e erendum> o 1D$F <now= Warren 3arding! 7ames 8. &o9! 0ormalcy $1. What did the results o the 1D$F election indicate? It indicated that the countr' didn7t care for the peace. (he republicans were bac? to#ether. Hardin# was swept o.er. The Betrayal o *reat E9#ectations $$. 3ow much should the 4.5. be blamed or the ailure o the Treaty o ,ersailles? (he' should be hold accountable and ta?e some responsibilit' for the failure. (he' hd to ta?e care of the nation. ecause the' were rec?less4 the' were led to WWI. ,arying ,iew#oints= Woodrow Wilson= @ealist or -dealist? <now= @ealism! -dealism! Wilsonianism $'. To what e9tent was Wilson realistic when he called or a world o coo#eration! eJuality and justice among nations?

Wilson was realistic when he reali5ed that the stri.in# of cooperation4 eCualit'4 and <ustice amon# nations was the onl' thin# that would pre.ent future wars.