Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
1.3 The USM 25 family ................................... 1-9 The different instrument versions ............... 1-9 Special features ........................................1-10 1.4 How to use this manual .......................... 1-11 For a quick grasp of the operating manual ...................................... 1-11 1.5 Layout and presentation in this manual ......................................... 1-12 Attention and Note symbols ......................1-12 Listings ..................................................... 1-12 Operating steps ........................................1-12
Krautkramer USM 25
0-1
Contents
4.4 Operational concept ................................ 4-7 Setting the functions .................................. 4-7 4.5 Important basic settings .......................... 4-9 Selecting the language ............................... 4-9 Selecting units ........................................... 4-9 Setting the backlight .................................4-10
5.2 Setting the gain ........................................ 5-5 V Defining the dB incrementation for gain ..................................................... 5-5 5.3 Adjusting the display range (function group BASE) ............................ 5-6 RANGE (Display range) ............................. 5-7 MTLVEL (Material velocity) ........................ 5-8
Krautkramer USM 25
0-2
Contents
D-DELAY (Display starting point) ............... 5-9 P-DELAY (Probe delay) ............................ 5-10 5.4 Adjusting the pulser (function group PULS) ............................5-10 DAMPING (Probe matching) .....................5-11 POWER (Intensity) ................................... 5-11 DUAL (Pulser-receiver separation) ............5-12 PRF-MOD (Pulse repetition frequency) ..... 5-12 5.5 Adjusting the receiver (function group RECV) ...........................5-13 FINE G (fine adjustment of gain) ...............5-13 dBSTEP ...................................................5-14 REJECT ...................................................5-14 FREQU (Frequency range) ........................5-15 RECTIFY (rectification) ............................. 5-15 5.6 Setting the gates (function groups aGAT and bGAT) ......... 5-16 Tasks of the gates ....................................5-16 aLOGIC / bLOGIC (Evaluation logic of the gates) ...................5-17
Krautkramer USM 25
aSTART / bSTART (Starting points of the gates) ..................... 5-18 aWIDTH / bWIDTH (Width of the gates) ..................................5-18 aTHRSH / bTHRSH (Response and measurement threshold of the gates) .............................. 5-18 5.7 Calibrating the USM 25 ........................... 5-19 Calibrating the display range ..................... 5-19 Choosing the measuring point ...................5-19 Calibration with straight- and angle-beam probes.................................... 5-20 Calibration with dual-element (TR) probes ............................................... 5-23 5.8 Measuring ................................................ 5-26 General notes ...........................................5-26 5.9 Measurement of dB difference (function group REF) .............................. 5-27
0-3
Contents
5.10 Calculation of flaw position (function group TRIG) .............................5-30 ANGLE (angle of incidence) ......................5-31 X-VALUE (X-value of the probe) ...............5-31 THICKNE (material thickness) ..................5-32 DIAMET (outside diameter of the test object) ..........5-32 5.11 Data saving (function group MEM) .............................5-33 Storing a data set .....................................5-34 Deleting a data set ....................................5-34 Recalling a stored data set ....................... 5-35 5.12 Dataset management (function group DATA).............................5-36 TESTINF (storing additional information) ...5-37 Editing additional information ....................5-38 Storing additional information ....................5-39 PREVIEW (dataset preview) .....................5-39 DIR (dataset directory) ..............................5-40 SETTING (function list) .............................5-40
0-4
5.13 Configuring the USM 25 for a test application ..............................................5-41 TOF (selecting the measuring point) .........5-42 S-DISP (zoomed display of reading) .........5-42 MAGNIFY (gate spreading) ....................... 5-44 A-Scan (setting the A-scan) ......................5-44 Configuring the measurement line .............5-45 Setting the display ....................................5-46 FILLED (Echo display mode) .................... 5-47 LIGHT (LCD backlight) .............................. 5-47 CONTR (LCD contrast) ............................. 5-48 SCALE (configuring the measurement line) ........... 5-48 5.14 General configuration ............................. 5-49 UNIT (Selecting units of measurement) ....5-49 DIALOG (Selecting the language) .............5-50 PRINTER (Printer for test report) .............. 5-51 COPYMOD (assignment of the Y key) ....5-51 TIME / DATE (setting the time and date) ........................5-52
Krautkramer USM 25
Contents
HORN .......................................................5-53 ANAMOD .................................................. 5-53 EVAMOD (echo evaluation) ......................5-54 5.15 Other functions with special keys .............................................5-55 W Freeze ................................................ 5-55 X Enlarged echo display .........................5-55 5.16 Status symbols and LEDs ......................5-56 Status symbols ......................................... 5-56 LED ..........................................................5-56 5.17 Distance-amplitude curve (only USM 25 DAC and USM 25S) ........... 5-58 DACMOD (activating DAC/TCG) ...............5-59 DACECHO (recording reference curve) ..... 5-60 T-CORR (sensitivity correction) ................5-61 OFFSET (distance of multiple DAC) .........5-62 Echo evaluation with DAC.........................5-62 5.18Evaluation according to the DGS method (only USM 25S) ................. 5-63 Measuring with DGS ................................. 5-63 Selecting the DGS mode .......................... 5-64 Default settings for the DGS measurement ................................... 5-65 Recording the reference echo and displaying the DGS curve ...................5-67 Evaluation of reflectors ............................. 5-68 Transfer correction .................................... 5-69 Sound attenuation .....................................5-70 Locks, error messages ............................. 5-73 Validity of the DGS method ......................5-73
Contents
Other remote control codes ....................... 8-13 Control codes for the function keys ........... 8-14
10 Changes ........................................... 10-1 11 Index ................................................. 11-1 Option Data Logger .......................... O-1 Technical Specifications according to EN 12668-1 Assembly Instructions, Spare Parts List
Krautkramer USM 25
Introduction
Krautkramer USM 25
1-1
Introduction
Safety information
A Attention:
The USM 25 is an instrument for materials testing. Any use for medical applications or other purposes is not allowed! The USM 25 may only be used in industrial environments!
1-2
Krautkramer USM 25
Safety information
Introduction
Batteries
The USM 25 can be operated with NiCd, AlMn or NiMH batteries or a power supply unit. Please only use the products recommended by us for the battery operation. If you want to use NiCd or NiMH batteries, you have to charge them in an external battery charger. As soon as you connect the power supply unit to the USM 25, the power supply to the batteries is interrupted. For information on how to handle the batteries, please refer to chapter 7 Maintenance and care.
Software
According to the current state of the art, software is never completely free from errors. Before using any software-controlled test equipment, please make sure that the required functions operate perfectly in the intended combination. If you have any questions about the use of your Krautkramer test equipment, please contact your nearest representative of Krautkramer Ultrasonic Systems.
Krautkramer USM 25
1-3
Introduction
Operator training
The operation of an ultrasonic test device requires a proper training in ultrasonic test methods. A proper training comprises for example adequate knowledge of: the theory of sound propagation the effects of sound velocity in the test material the behavior of the sound wave at interfaces between different materials the propagation of the sound beam the influence of sound attenuation in the test object and the influence of surface quality of the test object. Lack of such knowledge could lead to false test results with unforeseeable consequences. You can contact for example NDT societies or organizations in your country (DGZfP in Germany; ASNT in the USA), or also Krautkramer Ultrasonic Systems, for information concerning existing possibilities for the training of ultrasonic inspectors as well as on the qualifications and certificates that can finally be obtained.
Krautkramer USM 25
Introduction
Limits of testing
The information obtained from ultrasonic tests only refers to those parts of the test object which are covered by the sound beam of the probe used. Any conclusions from the tested parts to be applied to the untested parts of the test object should be made with extreme caution. Such conclusions are generally only possible in cases where extensive experience and proven methods of statistical data acquisition are available. The sound beam can be completely reflected from boundary surfaces within the test object so that flaws and reflection points lying deeper remain undetected. It is therefore important to make sure that all areas to be tested in the test object are covered by the sound beam.
Krautkramer USM 25
Introduction
test object. In test objects made of steel, even with varying alloying constituents, this condition is mostly fulfilled. The variation in sound velocity is so slight that it is only of importance for high-precision measurements. In other materials, e.g. nonferrous metals or plastics, the sound velocity variations may be even larger and thus affect the measuring accuracy.
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Krautkramer USM 25
Introduction
Introduction
The ultrasonic wave is attenuated in any material. This sound attenuation is very low, e.g. in parts made of fine-grained steel, likewise in many small parts made of other materials. However, if the sound wave travels larger distances through the material, a high cumulative sound attenuation can result even with small attenuation coefficients. There is then a danger that echoes from natural flaws appear too small. For this reason, an estimate must always be made of the effects of attenuation on the evaluation result and taken into account if applicable. If the test object has a rough surface, part of the incident sound energy will be scattered at its surface and is not available for the test. The larger this initial scattering, the smaller the flaw echoes appear, and the more errors occur in the evaluation result. It is therefore important to take the effect of the test objects surfaces on the height of the echo into account (transfer correction).
1-8
Krautkramer USM 25
Introduction
Krautkramer USM 25
1-9
Introduction
Special features
Special features
low weight (1.6 kg including batteries) and compact size handy equipped with a non-slip, ratcheting prop-up stand, also used as handle rotary knobs for direct adjustment of gain as well as for changing the currently selected function two independant gates for accurate wall thickness measurements from the workpiece surface up to the first echo, or between two backwall echoes, including measurement on coated workpieces with a resolution of 0.01 mm (up to 100 mm), referred to steel Magnify gate: spreading of the gate range over the entire screen width fast, high-contrast LCD to display the digitized echo signals (320 240 pixels, 96 72 mm) data memory: 200 data sets, including alphanumeric description, documentation possibility via a printer increased calibration range: up to 9999 mm (steel), depending on the frequency range semiautomatic two point calibration
1-10
pulse repetition frequency variable in ten steps to avoid phantom echoes when testing large workpieces choice of frequency range for the connected probe. signal display mode: full-wave rectification, positive half-wave or negative halv-wave and radio frequency display of 4 readings plus 1 reading zoomed in the A-scan, user-configurable
Krautkramer USM 25
Introduction
The Data Logger option, which can be applied to all USM 25 versions, is described in a chapter of its own at the end of the operating manual. All functions referring to the Data Logger and the tolerance monitor are described here. At the same time, the standard operating manual applies to all other functions.
Krautkramer USM 25
1-11
Introduction
Listings
Listings are presented in the following form: Variant A Variant B ...
Operating steps
Operating steps appear as shown in the following example: Loosen the two screws at the bottom. Remove the cover. ...
A Attention:
The Attention symbol indicates peculiarities and special aspects in the operation which could affect the accuracy of the results. H Note: Note contains e.g. references to other chapters or special recommendations for a function.
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Krautkramer USM 25
Krautkramer USM 25
2-1
2-2
Krautkramer USM 25
Standard package
Order number
35 050 35 052
USM 25 DAC
35 049 35 051
USM 25S
UM 20
Standard package
2-4
Krautkramer USM 25
Recommended accessories
Order number 25 274 34 910 18 673 25 255 35 254 35 268 32 291 34 943 18 495 34 944 16 121 35 455
2-5
Recommended accessories
Order number
Matrix printer for mains operation, single sheet and continuous stationary Thermal printer for mains and battery operation UltraDOC data communication software for USM Test certificate according to EN 12668-1
2-6
Krautkramer USM 25
Initial start-up
Krautkramer USM 25
3-1
Initial start-up
Power supply
Connecting the instrument Use the corresponding power supply unit to connect the USM 25 to the mains socket-outlet. The socket-contact is at the top left of the USM 25.
The power supply unit is automatically set to any nominal voltage between 100 VAC and 240 VAC.
A Attention:
Always press the U key in order to switch the instrument off correctly. If power is interrupted (battery
Krautkramer USM 25
Power supply
Initial start-up
Insert the four C-size cells one by one into the battery compartment, with the positive pole to the left. Notice the information on the instrument back. After that, close the battery compartment by tightening the Bayonet lock up to the limit stop again. Charge indicator The measurement line of the USM 25 indicates an inverted B if the battery voltage is too low. H Note: If the symbol for low battery voltage appears, you should urgently end your test job and exchange the batteries. Please take spare batteries with you if you aim to carry out measurements on site. Charging NiCd or NiMH batteries NiMH batteries can be charged in the instrument (using the NiMH battery pack UM 23) or using an external battery charger (single NiCd or NiMH batteries). open closed
Issue 07, 07/2003 3-3
compartment cover open, mains plug pulled) the instrument will not correctly switch off, therefore the last A-scan will remain on the display for about 10 minutes.
Krautkramer USM 25
Initial start-up
Internal charging H Note: Internal charging option will be available for instruments from serial number 2501. Requirements: NiMH battery pack, product code UM 23 Plug-in power supply unit Operation: A check is made at each charging start to find out whether a battery pack has been inserted or not. If not, the three LEDs on the USM 25 (A, R, D) flash at a slow pace. If the battery pack UM 23 is in the instrument, charging will start automatically: with the instrument turned off if you connect the plug-in power supply unit with the plug-in power supply unit connected if you turn the instrument off During charging, the three LEDs are constantly lit. On
3-4
Power supply
completion of the charging process, the three LEDs flash at a quick pace. Carging time: The charging time is < 3 hours at an ambient temperature ranging from 25 C to 30 C. Please note that the batteries are not recharged to their full capacity at higher temperatures. Interruption of charging: 1. Normal case: monitoring after gradual temperature rise 2. Safety precaution: Interruption at an excess temperature (approx. 50 C) 3. Saftey precaution: Interruption approx. 6 hours after charging start. After each interruption of charging, the timer is restarted. H Note: If the USM 25 is turned on during the charging process, charging is interrupted and the timer is reset. The temperature monitoring is maintained.
Krautkramer USM 25
Connecting a probe
Initial start-up
If this is not taken into account, the consequence would be a mismatching which may lead to considerable power losses or even to echo waveform distortions. Receiver Transmitter
3-5
Initial start-up
Reset
If any functions can no longer be operated after a warm start, or if you want to reset the instrument to the basic setup, then you should carry out a cold start by simultaneously pressing the Y and the U key. The cold start message Basic Initialization is displayed. The instrument is initialized and reset to its basic setup (dialog language: English, for more details on how to select the language, please refer to chapter 4).
A Attention:
All saved data are deleted.
3-6
Krautkramer USM 25
Principles of operation
Krautkramer USM 25
4-1
Principles of operation
Operators controls
On/Off key
4-2
Krautkramer USM 25
Screen display
Principles of operation
A-scan in the zoom mode The zoom mode is activated using the X-key.
The screen display always shows the gain and the adjusted dB step value. All other functions are locked.
Krautkramer USM 25
4-3
Principles of operation
Indicated at the right of the display, next to the A-scan, are the functions of the corresponding function group. The display of the functions disappears in the zoom mode.
4-4
Krautkramer USM 25
Other displays
Principles of operation
Other displays
A line below the screen display indicates settings and readings as well as status symbols.
H Note: Every measurement value can also be shown in an enlarged display at the top right corner of the A-scan (setting in the function group MEAS, function S-DISP).
H Note: You can configure the four positions of the measurement line for set and measured values as required (function group MSEL). Please refer to chapter 5.12, section Configuring the measurement line on this subject.
Principles of operation
Keys
4.3 Keys
Function keys for changing between operation levels (below), for selection of the function groups (below) and for selection of the functions (right). Special keys for direct activation of particularly important instrument functions: Key Function Step size for gain setting Storage (freezing) of screen display Enlarged echo display over the entire screen Printing/transferring data Switching instrument on/off
Issue 07, 07/2003 Krautkramer USM 25
Operational concept
Principles of operation
Krautkramer USM 25
4-7
Principles of operation
Function RANGE MTLVEL D-DELAY aSTART aWIDTH bWIDTH S-REF1 S-REF2 ANGLE THICKNE Function group BASE BASE BASE aGAT aGAT bGAT CAL CAL TRIG TRIG
Operational concept
Rotary knobs for function adjustment In addition, the USM 25 is equipped with two rotary knobs. You can use the left-hand rotary knob to directly adjust the gain; use the right-hand rotary knob to adjust the current function selected. The rotary knobs also enable an accelerated adjustment. You can make an adjustment step by step by slightly turning the rotary knob, it will lock into place with the next adjustment. In the case of functions having a larger adjustment range, you can quickly bridge major differences between values by turning the rotary knob correspondingly faster.
For more details on the adjustment possibilities, please read from page 5-5 onward.
4-8
Krautkramer USM 25
Principles of operation
Operation: Use E to change over to the third operating level.
Use u to select the function group CFG1 and v to select the function DIALOG. Select the required language by means of the righthand rotary knob.
Selecting units
In the function UNIT (function group CFG1) you can choose your favorite units between mm or inch. Operation: Use E to change over to the third operating level. Use u to select the function group CFG1 and then use v to select the function UNIT Set the required unit by means of the right-hand rotary knob.
4-9
Principles of operation
A Attention:
Select your units immediately when you start working with the USM 25 because if you change the unit, all current settings are deleted, and the basic setup is loaded again. In order not to delete anything by accident, a safety prompt is displayed in the measurement line: Change unit? If you are sure that you want to change the unit, press the v key belonging to the function UNIT one more time. The unit is now changed, the current data are deleted. If you want to abort the process, press any other key. The previous setting is kept in that case.
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Krautkramer USM 25
Principles of operation
H Note: The higher the ambient temperature, the lower you have to set the contrast. With extremely intense sunlight, the screen display is inverted. You can now set the display using the contrast setting so that you will see the A-scan as well as all functions and values appearing white against a black background. The screen inversion with high ambient temperatures is typical of LCD displays. The effect vanishes at normal temperatures and is no risk to the screen.
Or: Press the two keys u + u on the left both at the same time in order to switch the backlight on and off:
Krautkramer USM 25
4-11
4-12
Krautkramer USM 25
Operation
Krautkramer USM 25
5-1
Operation
H Note: If the instrument is equipped with the Data Logger option, a fourth operating level is added. For this, refer to the corresponding chapter Option Data Logger.
5-2
Krautkramer USM 25
Operation
REF
DAC
DGS
TRIG
Krautkramer USM 25
5-3
Operation
MEM DATA These functions serve for storing, loading and deleting of data sets. The functions of this group serve for the dataset management and documentation.
MSEL
LCD
CFG1
CFG2
5-4
Krautkramer USM 25
Operation
Krautkramer USM 25
5-5
Operation
The display on the screen must be adjusted for the material to be tested (function MTLVEL) and for the probe used (function P-DELAY). In addition, you must choose the range for your measurement and the display start point. H Note: In order to accurately adjust the material velocity and the probe delay, please read the section Calibrating the USM 25, chapter 5.7, beforehand.
5-6
Krautkramer USM 25
Operation
Fine adjustment: up to 99.9 mm in steps of 0.1 mm up to 999 mm in steps of 1 mm up to 9999 mm in steps of 10 mm Operation: Use v to select the function RANGE and adjust the required value by means of the right-hand rotary knob. Toggle between coarse and fine adjustment by repeatedly pressing v. The function value is always marked with an asterisk in the fine adjustment. H Note: The range limits are also dependent on the set sound velocities (function MTVEL): with small values for c, the range limits are shifted downwards, with large values upwards.
You can select between coarse and fine adjustment of the values. Coarse adjustment: from 0.5 mm to 1400 (9999) mm in even steps
Krautkramer USM 25
5-7
Operation
Operation: Use v to select the function MTLVEL and adjust the required value by means of the right-hand rotary knob. Toggle between coarse and fine adjustment by repeatedly pressing v. The function value is always marked with an asterisk in the fine adjustment.
A Attention:
Always ensure that the function MTLVEL is correctly set. The USM 25 calculates all range and distance indications on the basis of the value adjusted here.
5-8
Krautkramer USM 25
Operation
up to 9.999 in steps of 0.001 from 10 in steps of 0.01 Operation: Use v to select the function D-DELAY and adjust the value for the display starting point by means of the right-hand rotary knob. Toggle between coarse and fine adjustment by repeatedly pressing v. The function value is marked with an asterisk in the fine adjustment.
5-9
Operation
5-10
Krautkramer USM 25
Operation
POWER (Intensity)
The function POWER allows you to adjust the intensity of the initial pulse. Choose low if you need a higher resolution and high if you are mainly interested in the penetration (with large components). Operation: Use v to select the function POWER and set the required value by means of the right-hand rotary knob.
Krautkramer USM 25
5-11
Operation
5-12
Krautkramer USM 25
Operation
H Note: Double assignment of the function FINE G / dBSTEP. For operation (changeover), please see the operation of the corresponding function.
Krautkramer USM 25 Issue 07, 07/2003 5-13
Operation
dBSTEP
Use this function to set a step size for the gain variation by means of the key V. The value set here is subsequently available to you as the sixth step for the stepwise gain variation. You have a free choice of the value within the setting range. Operation: Setting range: 6.5 to 20 dB The function FINE G / dBSTEP has a double assignment (icon >). Toggle between the two functions by repeatedly pressing the corresponding key v. Use v to select the function dBSTEP and set the value for the gain by means of the right-hand rotary knob.
REJECT
The function REJECT allows you to suppress unwanted echo indications, for example structural noise from your test object. The % screen height setting indicates the minimum height that the echoes should attain in order for them to be displayed on the screen at all. The Reject setting cannot be higher than the lowest threshold setting (minus 1 %) of any gate. Operation: Use v to select the function REJECT and set the required percentage value by means of the right-hand rotary knob.
A Attention:
You should handle this function with great caution, as it may of course happen that you suppress echoes from flaws as well. Many test specifications expressly forbid using the Reject function. The LED R is therefore lit with active REJECT function.
5-14
Krautkramer USM 25
Operation
RECTIFY (rectification)
You can select the rectification mode of the echo pulses according to your application in the function RECTIFY. You have the following options to choose from: full-w (= full-wave) All half-waves are displayed above the baseline. pos hw (= positive half-wave) Only positive halfwaves are displayed. neg hw (= negative half-wave) Only negative halfwaves are displayed. rf (= radio frequency). Only applies to the display range up to 50 mm (steel). Operation: Use v to select the function RECTIFY, and then use the right-hand rotary knob to adjust the required setting.
Krautkramer USM 25
5-15
Operation
H Note: If you have an instrument equipped with the Data Logger option at your disposal, youll be additionally able to use the C gate including all corresponding functions.
5-16
Krautkramer USM 25
Operation
neg Anticoincidence The alarm (LED A) is on if the preset response threshold of the gate is not reached within the displayed range. a trig Triggering by interface echo When using gate A as echo-start gate (setting of the evaluation logic for gate B) Operation:
The gates A and B are independant of one another. Gate A can also have the function of an echo-start gate. The gate chooses the echo for the digital time-offlight or amplitude measurement. The measured value is indicated in the measurement line.
Use v to select the function aLOGIC or bLOGIC and set the required alarm logic by means of the right-hand rotary knob. Then determine the position of the gate. This is defined by means of three parameters:
5-17
Operation
5-18
Krautkramer USM 25
Operation
A Attention:
In any case, the setting of the measuring point must always be identical for the calibration and for the subsequent test application. Otherwise measurement errors might occur.
Krautkramer USM 25
5-19
Operation
Example: You are carrying out the calibration for the calibration range of 100 mm / 5 via the function group BASE using the calibration block V1 (thickness 25 mm/1 ) which is laid flatwise. Set RANGE to 100 mm/5. Set the known material velocity of 5920 m/s (233 /ms) in MTLVEL. Set the gate so that it is positioned on the first calibration echo (from 25 mm/1). Read the sound path in the measurement line. If this value is not equal to 25 mm/1, change the adjustment for the function P-DELAY until it is at 25 mm/1. This completes the calibration of the USM 25 to the material velocity of 5920 m/s (233 /ms) with a calibration range of 100 mm / 5 for the probe used.
5-20
Krautkramer USM 25
Operation
Calibration process Set the required display range in RANGE (function group BASE). The two calibraion echoes selected must be displayed on the screen. Set the range so that the second calibration echo is located on the right edge of the screen. Select the function group CAL using u. Enter the distances of the two calibation echoes in S-REF1 and S-REF2. Position the gate (function aSTART) on the first calibration echo. Press Y to record the first calibration echo.
Case B: With unknown material velocity Use the semiautomatic calibration function of the USM 25 via the function group CAL for this calibration case.
The distances between 2 calibration echoes must be entered as default data. The USM 25 will then carry out a plausibility check, calculate the material velocity and the probe delay, and automatically set the parameters.
The recording of the first calibration echo is confirmed by the message Echo is recorded, and the function CAL indicates the value 1. Move the gate to the second calibration echo. Press Y to record the second calibration echo. The correct calibration is confirmed by the message Calibration is done. The material velocity and probe
Krautkramer USM 25
5-21
Operation
delay are calculated and set. The value of the CAL function goes back to 0. H Note: If the instrument is not able to carry out any valid calibration on the basis of the input values and the echoes recorded, a corresponding error message is displayed. In that case, please check the values of your calibration lines and repeat the process of recording the calibration echoes. Example
Position the gate on the first calibration echo. Press Y to record the first calibration echo.
Position the gate on the second calibration echo: Enter the distances (thicknesses) of the two calibration lines S-REF1 (20 mm) and S-REF2 (40 mm).
Press Y.
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Krautkramer USM 25
Operation
The second echo is stored, the calibration is carried out, and the CAL function is reset to 0. The valid calibration is briefly confirmed and carried out. If you select the function group BASE, you can read the material velocity and probe delay.
Krautkramer USM 25
5-23
Operation
Higher material velocity Due to the V-path error, a higher material velocity than that of the test material is given during calibration, especially with small thicknesses. This is typical of dual-element (TR) probes and serves for compensation of the V-path error. With small wall thicknesses, the above-described effect leads to an echo amplitude drop which has to be especially taken into account with thicknesses less than 2 mm / 0.08. A stepped reference block having different wall thicknesses is required for calibration. The wall thicknesses must be selected so that they cover the expected readings. Calibration process: We recommend to use the semiautomatic calibration function for the calibration with T/R probes. Set the required test range. Increase the probe delay (P-DELAY) until the two calibration lines are displayed within the range.
5-24
Set the pulser and receiver functions according to the probe used and the test application. Set the function TOF (function group MEAS) to flank. Vary the gain so that the highest echo reaches approximately the full screen height. Set the gate threshold to the required height for measuring the sound paths at the echo flanks. Select the function group CAL using u. Enter the distances of the two calibration echoes in S-REF1 and S-REF2. Position the gate (function aSTART) on the first calibration echo. Press Y to record the first calibration echo. Couple the probe to the calibration block containing the second calibration line, and set the height so that its about as high as the first calibration echo. Move the gate to the second calibration echo.
Krautkramer USM 25
Operation
Press Y to record the second calibration echo. The correct calibration is confirmed by the message Calibration is done. The material velocity and probe delay are set. The value of the CAL function goes back to 0. If necessary, check the calibration on one or several known calibration lines, e.g. using the stepped reference block VW. H Note: Always keep in mind that the measured value is determined at the intersection point of gate and echo flank when the function TOF was set to flank. A correct setting of the echo height and gate threshold is therefore decisive for accurate calibration and measurement! Calibrations or measurements in the peak mode are mostly not possible when using dual-element (TR) probes. As the echoes are often very broad and jagged, a clear echo peak cannot always be found in these cases.
Krautkramer USM 25
5-25
Operation
Measuring
5.8 Measuring
General notes
Please pay attention to the following notes when measuring with the USM 25. Condition for measurements is the correct instrument calibration (sound velocity, probe delay). All amplitude measurements are carried out at the highest signal in the gate. All distance measurements are carried out at the intersection point of gate and the first echo flank (TOF = flank), or at the peak of the highest echo (TOF = peak). The following example shows the dependency of distance measurement on the echo waveform, i.e. on the height of the gate threshold and thus on the selection of the intersection point at the signal. H Note: The point of measurement is marked with a small triangle on the corresponding gate bar.
5-26
Operation
H Note: Depending on the instrument version used, the function group DAC or DGS may also be displayed at this point. Please also see chapter 5.14 General configuration. You will find the following function: REFECHO Storing or deleting the reference echo REFMOD aSTART Activating the measurement of dB difference Positioning the A gate
The functions are described in the order in which you need them during your work.
Krautkramer USM 25
5-27
Operation
Recording a reference echo Before using the measurement of dB difference, you have to first record a reference echo.
The reference echo is now recorded. An inverted R is shown in the measurement line.
A Attention:
When recording a reference echo, an already stored reference echo is overwritten after a corresponding warning. Peak the reference echo according to the test specification. Position the A gate over the reference echo using the function aSTART. Use v to select the function REFECHO. Turn the right-hand rotary knob upward in order to store the echo in gate A as a reference echo. If necessary, confirm the warning message in order to overwrite a stored reference echo.
5-28
Krautkramer USM 25
Operation
Use v to select the function REFMOD. Activate the function by means of the right-hand rotary knob. The dB difference between the reference echo and the reflector echo is now displayed as the measured value.
Deleting a reference echo You can delete stored reference echoes. Use v to select the function REFECHO. Turn the right-hand rotary knob downward in order to delete the reference echo. If necessary, confirm the warning message in order to delete the stored reference echo.
Echo comparison You can compare the echo of any reflector of your choice with the reference echo. The displayed result is the dB difference of the two echoes. H Note: The dB difference is independent of any possible gain variation. Choose Ha dB or Hb dB as measured value. Position the A gate over the echo.
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Operation
depth of the flaw in addition to the sound path S, and to digitally display them in the measurement line. Projection distance PD: distance of probe index (sound exit point) from the position of the flaw, projected on the surface Reduced projection distance rPD: distance of the probes leading face from the position of the flaw, projected on the surface Depth d: Distance between flaw position and surface
The functions in the group TRIG enable to automatically calculate the (reduced) projection distance and the real
5-30
Krautkramer USM 25
Operation
When using angle-beam probes, the instrument can additionally calculate the sound path section or socalled leg L up to the next reflection point. This sound path section or leg can be displayed as the measured value La, Lb, or Lc.
Operation
Operation: Use v to select the function X-VALUE, and then use the right-hand rotary knob to set the required value.
5-32
Krautkramer USM 25
Operation
A data set contains all instrument settings as well as the A-scan. This means that whenever you recall a stored data set, your instrument is again set up exactly the same as it was at the moment when the data set was stored. This makes each one of your tests reproducible. You will find the following functions: SET-# RECALL STORE DELETE selecting number of a data set recalling a stored data set storing a data set deleting a data set
The functions are described in the order in which you need them during your work.
Krautkramer USM 25
5-33
Operation
Krautkramer USM 25
Operation
The data set is now loaded and the current setup is overwritten. When the loading process is completed, the function RECALL is automatically reset to off. H Note: The gate for surveying the echo can be moved in the recalled A-scan. However, as the evaluation is made in the frozen A-scan, the measurement resolution is only 0.5 % of the adjusted calibration range.
A Attention:
Please observe this safety prompt as the current setup is overwritten if a stored data set is loaded. Confirm by pressing the v key of the function RECALL one more time (all other keys would abort the process).
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Operation
The following functions are available: TESTINF You can save a lot of additional information for every data set, e.g. data on the test object, on the flaw detected, or comments. In this dataset preview you will see the A-scan, the dataset name and the storage date of each data set. This function enables you to display a list of all stored data sets, including the corresponding dataset names. This is where you will see a list of functions including all settings of the current data set.
PREVIEW
DIR
SETTING
The functions in the function group DATA enable you to easily manage the data sets stored in the USM 25.
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Krautkramer USM 25
Operation
You can save the current settings - together with the edited additional information - at a new and still empty dataset number (analogously to function STORE in the function group MEM), subsequently enter and save additional information for an already stored data set, overwrite the already saved additional information of a data set. Operation: Use u to select the function group DATA. Use v to select the function TESTINF. The table will now show the additional information saved for the currently selected data set (please see field SET-#). Use u (INFO 3) and v to select the field SET-#. You can now use the right-hand rotary knob to view the additional information for other data sets and to edit this information if required.
COMMENT Comments You can enter numerical values in these fields: FLAWLEN X-POS Y-POS Flaw length x-position coordinate y-position coordinate
Krautkramer USM 25
5-37
Operation
transferred. However, the data in the numerical fields FLAWLEN, X-POS and Y-POS are deleted. This means that you only have to edit the variable fields in test applications which include continuous saving of results. All alphanumerical field data are automatically transferred but can also be edited if necessary.
A Attention:
As long as the field data edited in this table have not been saved, the previous entries remain valid. Please keep this in mind, e.g. before selecting a new dataset number: all changes in the current data set are lost! Use u and v to select the required field.
Use the left-hand rotary knob to mark the required character position. Use the right-hand rotary knob to select the character for this position. You only need the righthand rotary knob to enter the numerical values in FLAWLEN, X-POS and Y-POS.
Krautkramer USM 25
Operation
The function STO-INF is automatically reset to off at the end of data storage. If necessary, press one of the keys V, W or X to go back to the A-scan without storing the data.
H Note: You cannot edit the field SET-#. The number of the current data set is displayed here.
A Attention:
If you have edited already existing additional information, all previous additional information is overwritten when the data are stored. In the case of previously empty data sets, all instrument settings and the current A-scan are stored simultaneously with the edited field data.
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5-39
Operation
Use v to to select the RECALL function, and then use the right-hand rotary knob to set the function to on. The selected data set is displayed. If necessary, press one of the keys V, W or X to go back to the currently active A-scan.
Turn the right-hand rotary knob to have other data sets displayed. The list always advances by one line each. If necessary, press one of the keys V, W or X to go back to the currently active A-scan.
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Krautkramer USM 25
Operation
If necessary, use E to change the operating level. Use u to select the function group MEAS.
Krautkramer USM 25
5-41
Operation
A Attention:
In any case, the adjustment of the measuring point for calibration and for the subsequent test use must always be identical. Otherwise measurement errors may occur. Operation: Use v to select the TOF function, and then use the right-hand rotary knob to select the required setting.
5-42
Operation
General: Alarm Al Choice of gates for alarm triggering: Gate A, B or A+B
La Lb Lc
La Lb Lc
Only for flaw position calculation: Da Db Pa Pb Ra Rb Da Db Pa Pb Ra Rb Depth for gate A Depth for gate B Projection distance for gate A Projection distance for gate B Reduced projection distance for gate A Reduced projection distance for gate B
Operation: Use v to select the function S-DISP, and then use the right-hand rotary knob to select the required value for the zoomed display. H Note: You can likewise configure all readings to be displayed below the A-scan at the four corresponding positions. Please refer to Configuring the measurement line, page 5-45, on this subject.
Only for DGS: ERS Gt dB ER Gt Equivalent reflector size DGS test sensitivity
Only for DGS and DAC: Ha %crv Ca Hb %crv Cb DGS-Crv Dc Echo height gate A in % referred to curve Echo height gate B in % referred to curve Diameter of the DGS curve
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5-43
Operation
compare (A-scan comparison) You can compare a current echo display with a stored one. The display last stored using W either from the current application or from a stored data set is displayed in the background as a dotted line. H Note: Read chapter 5.11 to learn how to load a saved data set. As a restored data set is displayed with a frozen A-scan, press the W key first. envelop (echo dynamics) The echo envelope is shown as a dotted line additionally to the A-scan. peak b (maximum display) You can use this function to record and document (as well as to save if required) the peaked, maximum echo display. With the B gate active, the A-scan with the highest echo amplitude (recording of maximum display) is shown as a dotted line additionally to the live Ascan when peaking an echo display (in B gate). This A-scan becomes the statically frozen A-scan by pressing the W key, and it can then be evaluated accordingly.
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5-44
Operation
afreeze / bfreeze (automatic freeze) Whenever you select this function, an echo display connected with the A or B gate will automatically switch over to A-scan freeze (automatic freeze). This setting is especially well suited e.g. for hightemperature measurements, for measurements involving difficult coupling conditions, or for spot weld testing. H Note: If you are using a Data Logger option, you also have the function cfreeze (for C gate) at your disposal.
Operation: Use v to select the function A-SCAN. Use the right-hand rotary knob to choose the required setting. Pay attention to the additional information referring to the corresponding setting options (see preceeding page).
Functions of the function group MSEL: MEAS-P1 MEAS-P2 MEAS-P3 Measured values at positions 1 to 4 MEAS-P4
5-45
Krautkramer USM 25
Operation
All measured values which have also been described for the zoomed display of the function S-DISP (please refer to page 5-42) are availabe to you at each position. Operation: Use v to select the function MEAS-P1 to MEAS-P4. Use the right-hand rotary knob to set the required measured value for each position in the corresponding function. H Note: As an alternative, you can display a scale in the measurement line (ref. function SCALE).
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Krautkramer USM 25
Operation
Krautkramer USM 25
5-47
Operation
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Krautkramer USM 25
General configuration
Operation
H Note: Double assignment of the function EVAMOD / ANAMOD. For operation (changeover), please see the operation of the corresponding function.
Functions of CFG1 Unit Dialog language Printer selection Assignment of the Y key
Krautkramer USM 25
A Attention:
You should always make your decision on the units immediately when starting to work with the USM 25. If you change the unit, all current settings are deleted, and the basic setup is loaded.
Issue 07, 07/2003 5-49
Operation
To avoid any accidental deleting of values, the measurement line will display a safety prompt: Change unit? If you are sure that you want to change the unit of measurement, press the corresponding v key of the function UNIT (any other key would abort the process). The unit of measurement is now changed; the current data are deleted. Spanish Portuguese Dutch Swedish Slovakian Polish
General configuration
H Note: More dialog languages can be added on request. Operation: Use v to select the function DIALOG.
General configuration
Operation
Krautkramer USM 25
5-51
Operation
store The current instrument setting is stored to the selected (free) data set, and the data set number (DAT-#) is automatically increased. datalog (only with Data Logger option) The selected job is printed out as a report including all measured values. off The Y key is deactivated. special as setting hardopy. After printout of the screen contents no form feed, every press on the Y key prints out the next hardcopy on the same page (three or four hardcopies depending on the printer). H Note: Please also refer to chapter 6 Documentation. Operation: Use v to select the function COPYMOD. Use the right-hand rotary knob to set the required assignment for the Y key.
5-52 Issue 07, 07/2003
General configuration
A Attention:
Always make sure that you are using correctly set time and date values. Otherwise test results might be corrupted. Be aware that the USM 25 displays the year as a two digit number! Operation: Use v to select the function TIME. Use the left-hand rotary knob to highlight the value that you want to change, e.g. the hour. Use the right-hand rotary knob to change the highlighted value. Use v to select the function DATE, and then use the right-hand rotary knob to select the required setting.
Krautkramer USM 25
General configuration
Operation
in instrument operation occuring when the instrumet is used, i.e. when function parameters are changed. Possible alarms occuring during instrument operation (setting of functions) are to be ignored.
Use the left-hand rotary knob to highlight the value that you want to change, e.g. the day. Use the right-hand rotary knob to change the highlighted value.
HORN
In this function, you can decide whether or not an acoustic alarm should be given in addition to the visual alarm (LED A). Operation:
ANAMOD
You can output results of measurements at the analog output for external further processing. Use the function ANAMOD to configure the analog output in case there is no echo in the evaluation gate and the analog voltage has been selected for the sound path at the output. You have the following setting options:
Use v to select the function HORN. Use the left-hand rotary knob to set the horn to on or off. H Note: Error alarms can be triggered unter certain circumstances. These are caused by intermediate conditions lo volt The analog output supplies 0 volt. hi volt The analog output supplies 5 volts.
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5-53
Operation
Operation: The function ANAMOD / EVAMOD has a double assignment (icon >). Toggle between the two functions by repeatedly pressing the corresponding key v . Use v to select the function ANAMOD. Use the right-hand rotary knob to choose the required value. DGS (only USM 25S) Evaluation using the DGS method Operation:
General configuration
The function ANAMOD / EVAMOD has a double assignment (icon >). Toggle between the two functions by repeatedly pressing the corresponding key v . Use v to select the function EVAMOD. Use the right-hand rotary knob to choose the required method.
Operation
W Freeze
The W key enables you to store (freeze) the displayed image on the screen. Gate parameters may still be changed in order to evaluate any signal being displayed in the frozen screen. The measurement resolution is only 0.5 % of the displayed range. Operation: Press W if you want to store (freeze) a current display. Press W again in order to return to normal mode.
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5-55
Operation
T R A
Function T-CORR is active. Reference echo has been recorded. Function ATT-OBJ / ATT-REF (sound attenuation) is active.
A R D
Gate alarm. Function REJECT is active. Function DUAL (pulser-receiver separation) is active.
Display memory is enabled (freeze), display is stored. Data transfer active, (printing or remote control). Battery indicator, an inverted blinking B indicates that the batteries are empty and must be charged. Function TOF is set to flank. Function TOF is set to peak.
!
B
H Note: Error alarms can be triggered unter certain circumstances. These are caused by intermediate conditions in instrument operation occuring when the instrumet is
F P
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Krautkramer USM 25
Operation
used, i.e. when function parameters are changed. Possible alarms occuring during instrument operation (setting of functions) are to be ignored. H Note: If you are using the Data Logger option, youll find more status symbols, see chapter Option Data Logger.
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5-57
Operation
You will find the functions for the distance-amplitude curve in the function group DAC. If necessary, use E to change the operating level. If necessary with the USM 25S, switch the function EVA-MOD (function group CFG2) over to the setting DAC using the right-hand rotary knob. Use u to select the function group DAC.
H Note: Double-allocation of the lower function T-CORR / OFFSET. For information on the operation (switchover), please see following pages.
Krautkramer USM 25
Operation
reference echoes recorded are brought (lifted or lowered) to the same echo height. H Note: No reference echoes can be recorded with DACMODE = TCG. TCG can only be activated if the reference echoes recorded are situated within a dynamic range of 40 dB. Otherwise an error message is output. If the TCG setting should be nevertheless be used in this case, then the DAC must be reduced (by deleting the last reference points) until TCG can be switched on.
TCG
Operation: Use v to select the function DACMOD, and then use the right-hand rotary knob to select the DAC setting. If there is a DAC stored, it will now be active. Use v to select the TCG setting. The TCG function is activated so that the DAC becomes a horizontal recording threshold. This means: all Use v to select the function DACMOD, and then use the right-hand rotary knob to select the setting off in order to deactivate the DAC again.
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Operation
A Attention:
Before starting to record a reference curve, the instrument must be correctly calibrated (ref. section 5.7 Calibrating the USM 25). The moment a new curve is recorded, a possibly already existing curve must be deleted. If necessary, make sure that the old curve has been stored in a free data set before starting to record a new curve! Operation: Use v to select the function DACMOD, and then use the right-hand rotary knob to set the function to DAC. The function DACECHO is set to 0 since there is no previously recorded echo. Couple the probe to the reference block, and peak the first reference echo. Use the left-hand rotary knob to bring the echo to approx. 80% screen height.
Use v to select the function aSTART, and then move the gate so that the selected echo is the highest of the echo sequence within the gate range. Press Y to record the first reference echo. Peak the next reference echo, and repeat the recording process for other curve points. The number in the function DACECHO is increased by 1 with each recording. H Note: If the message Echo is not valid appears, the reference point could not be recorded. Check the gate position as well as the height of the reference echo and repeat the recording. As soon as you have recorded at least two curve reference points. Your DAC is already acive (please see previous section). You can record a maximum of 10 curve reference points; the more echoes you record, the more accurate the DAC will be.
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Krautkramer USM 25
Operation
Deleting reference points or the complete DAC You can delete the reference point which was recorded last in each case, or the complete DAC. Operation: Use v to select the function DACECHO. Turn the right-hand rotary knob downward (counterclockwise). The message Do you want to delete the DAC echo? appears in the measurement line. Press the v key for DACECHO now in order to delete the last echo, or press another key in order to cancel the process of deleting. In this way, you can record one or several new reference points. In order to delete the complete DAC, all curve points are successively deleted one by one.
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Operation
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Operation
Distance D between the probe and circular diskshaped equivalent reflector. Difference in gain G between various large circular disk-shaped equivalent reflectors and an infinitely large backwall. Size S of the circular disk-shaped equivalent reflector. The influencing variable S always remains constant for one curve of the set of curves. The advantage of the DGS method lies in the fact that you can carry out reproducible evaluations of small discontinuities. The reproducibility is most of all important, for example, whenever you aim to carry out an acceptance test. Apart from the influencing variables already mentioned, there are other factors determining the curve shape: sound attenuation transfer losses amplitude correction value probe.
A Attention:
You are comparing the reflecting power of a natural flaw with that of a theoretical flaw. No definite conclusions may be drawn on the natural flaw (roughness, inclined position, etc.). The so-called DGS diagram forms the basis for this comparison of the reflecting power. This diagram consists of a set of curves showing the correlation of three influencing variables:
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5-63
Operation
The following probe parameters affect the curve shape: element or crystal diameter frequency delay length delay velocity You can adjust these parameters on the USM 25S in such a way that you can use the DGS method with many different probes and on different materials. H Note: Before setting the DGS function, the instrument must first be calibrated because all functions affecting the DGS evaluation mode (MTLVEL, P-DELAY, DAMPING, POWER, FINE G, FREQU, RECTIFY) can no longer be changed after the reference echo has been recorded. Please also refer to chapter 5.7 Calibrating the USM 25 on this subject.
Use the E key to change the operating level, and then use v to select the function group DGS.
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Krautkramer USM 25
Operation
Define your settings: PROBE-#: probe number Fixed-programmed probes with all settings (PRBNAME, DEL-VEL, D eff and PRBFREQ cannot be changed in the case of these probes); PROBE-# = 0 is user-programmable with reference to all parameters. PRBNAME: probe name The name belongs to the selected probe number and cannot be changed; the individual probe name can be entered only with PROBE-# = 0. DGS-CRV: recording curve for DGS evaluation This enables you to select the circular disk-shaped equivalent reflector diameter to be used for displaying the DGS curve and used as recording threshold for echo evaluations. DEL-VEL: delay material velocity of the probe; predefined with programmed probes. D eff: effective element diameter of the probe used; predefined with programmed probes.
Double allocation of functions: DGSMEN> Calling the DGS menu T-CORR> Setting the transfer correction DGSMEN> Switching on/off the DGS evaluation mode OFFSET> Activating the multi-curve display mode
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5-65
Operation
PRBFREQ: probe frequency Frequency of the transducer; predefined with programmed probes. REFECHO: type of the reference reflector used BW: backwall SDH: side drilled hole FBH: flat bottom hole REFSIZE: size of the reference reflector ATT-REF: sound attenuation in the reference block ATT-OBJ: sound attenuation in the test object AMPLCOR: value for the amplitude correction. This is required whenever you are using an angle probe and the quadrant echo from the calibration standards K1 or K2 as a reference reflector.
Example
In this example, the probe MB 4 S is selected. Reference reflector = backwall, the 3mm circular disc is to be displayed as curve. The sound attenuation corrections ATT-REF and ATT-OBJ and the amplitude correction AMPLCOR (for angle probes and calibration standard K1 / K2) remain at 0. To return to the A-scan, press one of the following keys: en: E, V, W oder X.
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Krautkramer USM 25
Operation
Confirm by pressing v again. After the successful recording of the reference echo, a highlighted R will be displayed in the measurement line. Switch the DGS curve on now by using v to select the function DGSMOD> and by using the right-hand rotary knob to set the function to on.
Taking the general DGS diagram as a basis, the instrument calculates the required test sensitivity for displaying the 3mm curve with its maximum at 80% screen height, and sets this value. The current gain is set to 0 during this. In the case of subsequent gain variations, the curve is automatically adapted.
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5-67
Operation
Evaluation of reflectors
Every echo situated within the gate can be immediately evaluated:
S-DISP = Ha%, i.e. echo height evaluation as a percentage. At the same time, the multiple-curve display mode is also active with a curve distance of OFFSET = 6 dB.
The measurement line has been configured in such a way that the sound path S, the echo height in dB referred to the DGS curve, the equivalent reflector size (ERS) of the flaw echo and the calibration range are displayed. The measured value to be zoomed in the A-scan is chosen by means of the function S-DISP in the function group MEAS. ERS was chosen in the above example. Also refer to Configuring the measurement line, p. 5-45.
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Krautkramer USM 25
Operation
S-DISP = Ha%Crv, the evaluation result is now the value exceeding the curve in %.
Transfer correction
The transfer correction is activated by means of the function T-CORR. The test sensitivity is varied by this value without recalculating the curve.
S-DISP = Gt is a special case: the value displayed is the DGS test sensitivity with which the maximum of the specified curve is at 80%. This value serves for the purpose of checking and documenting. This means that the test sensitivity is increased by 6 dB in the example in order to compensate for a possibly existing surface roughness. The echo is consequently drawn higher by 6 dB on the left, i.e. evaluated with ERS 3.2. Status indicator in the measurement line: a highlighted T.
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Operation
Sound attenuation
If necessary, the DGS curve can take the components effective sound attenuation (ATT-OBJ) into account. With the value set here, the curve shape is recalculated so that the effect of sound attenuation is now taken into consideration when evaluating reflectors.
made to change the value because, in fact, a valid reference echo already exists. In addition, a different reference reflector type has been used in the DGS menu below: instead of a backwall, a circular disk (flat-bottom hole) having a diameter of 3 mm has been set in this case. In this case, of course, the reference echo has to be received from a 3mm circular disk.
The DGS curve now includes the effect of sound attenuation. An active sound attenuation correction is indicated in the measurement line by a highlighted A. The sound attenuation in the reference block can only be set prior to recording the reference echo. Therefore, an error message is displayed here if an attempt is
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Krautkramer USM 25
Operation
Conditions for the use of side-drilled holes as reference reflectors in steel. For other materials, the values must be converted accordingly.
After switching on the DGS curve, the reference echo must therefore clearly touch the 3mm curve.
A side-drilled hole can also be used as a further reference reflector with some limitations. It must have a diameter corresponding to at least 1.5 times the wavelength used, and the distance must be 1.5 times the near-field length. The USM 25S will check these conditions if you aim to use a side-drilled hole as reference reflector, and will issue an error message if required. The table on the next page indicates these minimum data for the existing probes in steel:
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Operation
Probe Wavelength in steel [mm] 6.0 3.0 1.5 3.0 1.5 1.2 1.6 0.8 1.6 0.7 3.3 1.6 Minimum Diameter [mm] 9.0 4.5 2.3 4.5 2.3 1.8 2.4 1.2 2.4 1.1 5.0 2.4
B1S B2S B4S MB 2 S MB 4 S MB 5 S MWB ...-2 MWB ...-4 SWB ...-2 SWB ...-5 WB ...-1 WB ...-2
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Operation
Krautkramer USM 25
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Documentation
Krautkramer USM 25
6-1
Documentation
In order to ensure a perfect communication, set the printer to the parameters of the USM 25.
6-2
Krautkramer USM 25
Documentation
Use v to select the function COPYMOD, and then use the right-hand rotary knob to select the setting: hardcpy, report, meas P1 (measured value at position 1), pardump (function list), datalog (Data Logger job including measured values), special (3 - 4 hardcopies on one page). H Note: The setting PCX generates a PCX-format file which you can transfer to a PC by means of a suitable program capable of receiving and storing data.
Printing
If you have connected, prepared and activated the printer, just press the Y key. The report is printed out. If you have selected the setting special, press the Y key again for each hardcopy that you want to print out.
Krautkramer USM 25
6-3
Documentation
6-4
Krautkramer USM 25
Krautkramer USM 25
7-1
Care
7.1 Care
Care of the instrument
Clean the instrument and its accessories using a moist cloth. Use water or a mild household cleaner.
Attention:
Do not use any solvents! The plastic parts can be damaged or embrittled by this.
7-2
Krautkramer USM 25
Care
Charging of partially discharged NiCd batteries If NiCd batteries are only partially discharged (less than 50 % of operating time), the full capacity is not reached by normal charging. Start by fully discharging the NiCd batteries. You can use the discharging function of the charger for this. For more details, please read the notes on the operation of the battery charger. The NiCd batteries are automatically charged after that. Charging of exhausted NiCd batteries If NiCd batteries are exhausted, e.g. after a prolonged storage time in empty state, they often reach their full capacity only after repeated discharge/charge cycles. The charger identifies defective batteries. In that case, replace the batteries by a new set. Otherwise there is the danger that individual cells have different capacities so that you will no longer obtain the normal operating time with the instrument in battery operation.
Krautkramer USM 25
7-3
Maintenance
7.2 Maintenance
The USM 25 requires basically no maintenance.
A Attention:
Repair work may only be carried out by members of authorized Service staff of Krautkramer Ultrasonic Systems.
7-4
Krautkramer USM 25
Krautkramer USM 25
8-1
RS 232 interface
Ground
Issue 07, 07/2003
Data exchange
View of the 9-way Sub-D socket RS 232 RS 232 RS 232 RS 232 RS 232 RS 232
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
H Note: Switch off the instrument before connecting a cable to the RS232 socket or before withdrawing any plugs.
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Data exchange
Printing data
The USM 25 enables a direct printout of data, for example a report including the echo display and the instrument settings. To do this, select the printer driver in the function PRINTER (function group CFG1) and just press the Y key after having initialized and activated the printer. The data selected by you in the function COPYMOD (function group CFG1) are printed. For more details on this, please refer to chapter 6.
The data transmission parameters are fixed in the USM 25 and cannot be changed: Baud rate: 9600 Word length: 8 data bits Parity: none The settings on the USM 25 apply to most of the printers and PCs. To ensure a perfect communication, please check the settings of the connected peripherals and adjust them to the parameters of the USM 25.
8-4
Krautkramer USM 25
Remote control
All values are entered or transmitted by the USM 25 without a comma or a point. The resolution of the function should therefore be observed with all values. The resolution of a function applies to the entire value range of that function. A resolution of 0.01 means: The USM 25 transmits the value of a function multiplied by the factor of 100. The entry of a value must be done multiplied by the factor of 100. Examples Setting of the display delay to 72.39 mm: <ESC>dd 7239 <RETURN>
8-5
Remote control
8-6
Remote control Function aLOGIC Code Range / Default M 0 = off 1 = pos 2 = neg -25 to +25 dB / 0 0 = 0 volt 1 = 5 volts 0 - 90 / 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 = stndard = compare = envelop = peak b = afreeze = bfreeze = cfreeze*** 0.1 bSTART A-SCAN AS 1 bTHRSH 2T 2D Resolution 1 Function ATT-OBJ** aWIDTH 0.1 bLOGIC ANAMODE AQ 2L
AMPLCOR** AC
ANGLE
PA
0.01 0.001 1
bWIDTH
2W
0.01 0.001
aSTART
AD
0.01 0.001 1
CAL COMMENT
CA CO CP
aTHRSH
AT
COMPARE 0.1
ATT-REF**
AR
Krautkramer USM 25
8-7
DELETE
EA
DACMOD *
TM
10 - 2000 mm / 0.4 - 800 800.01 = flat 0.5 - 35 mm / 3.0 0.02 - 1.400 / 0.1 0 = off 1 = on 0 = off 1 = on
0.1 / 0.01
DU DS
0.01 0.001 1
DATNAME DATE
DN DE
DGS-REF**
DR
DBSTEP 8-8
ST
Krautkramer USM 25
Remote control Function DIALOG Code Range / Default DG 0 = German 1 = English 2 = French 3 = Italian 4 = Spanish 5 = Portuguese 6 = Dutch 7 = Swedish 8 = Slovenian 9 = Romanian 10 = Finnish 11 = Czech 12 = Danish 13 = Hungarian 14 = Croatian 15 = Russian 16 = Slovakian 17 = Norwegian 19 = Polish 0 = off 1 = on 0 = DAC 1 = DGS 2 = REF Resolution 1 Function FILLED
FG FB FL
FREQU
FR
DB HO
0.1 1
DUAL
DM
LT
EVA-MOD
EM
MA
Krautkramer USM 25
8-9
1000 - 15000 m/s / 5920 40 - 600 /ms / 233 alphanumerical input 0 - 14 dB / 0 alphanumerical input 0 - 199.99 s / 0 0 = low 1 = high 0.5 - 10.0 MHz alphanumerical input
1 0.1
OB TO PE PD PI
PRBFREQ** XF PRBNAME** PN
0.04
0 = variable / alphanumerical input 1 = B1-S 15 = SWB70-2 2 = B2-S 16 = SWB45-5 3 = B4-s 17 = SWB60-5 4 = MB2-S 18 = SWB70-5 5 = MB4-S 19 = WB45-1 6 = MB5-S 20 = WB60-1 7 = MWB45-2 21 = WB70-1 8 = MWB60-2 22 = WB45-2 9 = MWB70-2 23 = WB60-2 10 = MWB45-4 24 = WB70-2 11 = MWB60-4 12 = MWB70-4 13 = SWB45-2 14 = SWB60-2
8-10
Krautkramer USM 25
Remote control Function PRINTER Code Range / Default PR 0 1 2 3 = Epson = HP Laserjet = HP Deskjet = DPU-41x Resolution 1 Function REFMODE
RS RJ SE
RANGE
DW
0.5 - 4 MHz / 0.2 - 1 MHz: 0.5 - 9999 mm / 250 0.02 - 390 / 10 2 - 20 / 0.8 - 8 MHz: 0.5 - 1420 mm / 250 0.02 - 56 / 10
0.01 0.001 1
S-DISP
VS
RECALL
RD
RECTIFY
RF
REFECHO
RC
REFECHO** RE
Krautkramer USM 25
8-11
S-REF2
R2
STO-INF
SC
STORE
SD
SU DC TH
TIME TOF
TI AF
8-12
Krautkramer USM 25
Remote control Function UNIT Code UN Range / Default 0 = mm 1 = inch 0 - 999 mm / 0 0 - 40 / 0 0 - 30 mm / 0 0 - 40 / 0 0 - 999 mm / 0 0 - 40 / 0 Resolution 1
X-POS
XP
X-VALUE
XV
Y-POS
YP
Read alarm LED status: 0 = no alarm 1 = alarm in A 2 = alarm in B 3 = alarm in A+B Editable header data from report transferred as ASCII-format data Set information line in the startup screen Set information line in the startup screen (up to 39 characters)
HD
I1 I2
Krautkramer USM 25
8-13
Remote control
increment decrement increment decrement 0 = 0.0 1 = 0.5 2 = 1.0 3 = 2.0 4 = 6.0 5 = 6.5 - 20 off / on off / on off / on 1st/2nd operation level
Krautkramer USM 25
TZ
UD UR SL
W X Y E
F Z C 10
BASE PULS RECV aGAT bGAT CAL DAC/DGS TRIG MEM DATA MEAS
u u u u u u u u u u u
5 6 7 8 9 5 6 7 8 9 5
u u u u
6 7 8 9
Function
Key
Code
v v v v
1 2 3 4
Krautkramer USM 25
8-15
Remote control
A Attention:
In rare cases concerning remote control sequences, reading measurement values directly after changing a function value in the USM 25, there could be errors as long as the instrument has not ended setting the value. In such cases, additional commands must be inserted into the remote control sequence before the measurement values are read. Example: If you create a remote control sequence, by which the sound path of an echo is read after freezing the A-scan, the command chain would be as follows:
Command <ESC>F<RETURN> <ESC>E3<RETURN> <ESC>F<RETURN> ... Answer Description A-scan freeze Read sound path Disable A-scan freeze
In the interests of security, insert additional read commands before reading the sound path, e.g.:
Command ... <ESC>F<RETURN> <ESC>DB<RETURN> <ESC>DB<RETURN> <ESC>DB<RETURN> <ESC>DB<RETURN> <ESC>E3<RETURN> <ESC>F<RETURN> ... Answer Description
A-scan freeze Read dB setting Read dB setting Read dB setting Read dB setting Read sound path Disable A-scan freeze
50,74
With these measures you ensure that sufficient time has passed in order to completely execute the previous command (display freeze) before transferring the sound path. Finally, check your remote control sequence to see that the measurement values can be correctly read, and add further read commands if necessary.
8-16
Krautkramer USM 25
Appendix
Krautkramer USM 25
9-1
Appendix
Function directory Function ATT-OBJ** Function group DGS Description Sound attenuation in the test object Width of the gate A Evaluation logic in the gate B Starting point of the gate B Starting point of the gate B Width of the gate B Semiautomatic calibration Setting the LCD contrast Assignment of the Y key Recording of a reference echo for the DAC Activating/deactivating DAC Damping of the probes oscillating circuit
Starting point of the gate A Threshold of the gate A Sound attenuation in the reference block DACMOD * DAMPING DAC PULS
9-2
Krautkramer USM 25
Function directory Function DATE dBSTEP D-DELAY D eff** Function group CFG2 RECV BASE DGS Description Current date User-programmable gain step EVA-MOD Setting of the display start FILLED Effective element diameter of the probe used FINE G DELETE DEL-VEL** DGS-CRV** MEM DGS DGS Deleting a stored data set steps Material velocity for prbe delay FREQU Recording curve for DGS evaluation mode GAIN DGS-REF** DGS Recording of DGS reference echo HORN DIALOG DIAMET CFG1 TRIG Selecting the language Change between plane-parallel and circular curved test components Dataset directory LIGHT MAGNIFY LCD MEAS left-hand rotary knob CFG2 RECV RECV LCD CFG2 Function DUAL Function group PULS Description
Appendix
Separation of pulser and receiver Switchover REF DAC DGS Selecting the echo display mode (filled or normal) Fine adjustment of gain within a range of approx. 4 dB in 40
Selecting the frequency range for the connected probe Setting of the gain
Switching the acoustic alarm signal on/off Switching the backlight on/off Gate spreading
DIR
DATA
Krautkramer USM 25
9-3
Appendix
Function MEAS-P1 MEAS-P2 MEAS-P3 MEAS-P4 MTLVEL Function group MSEL Description Selection of measured values at four positions of the measurment line Function RANGE Function group BASE Description
Function directory
Setting of the range in which the measurement is made. Retrieving a stored data set Selection of rectification For storing a reference echo for the measurement of dB difference Type of the reference reflextor used Activation of echo comparison Size of the reference reflector Suppression of unwanted or spurious echo indications Choice of display mode for the measurement line Zoomed display of a selected parameter
RECALL BASE Setting of the material sound velocity Compensating for the probe delay line Setting the power of the initial pulse Probe frequency Dataset preview with A-scan Setting the pulse repetition frequency Probe number Selecting the printer for the test report REFECHO** RECTIFY REFECHO
P-DELAY
BASE
POWER
PULS
DGS
PROBE-#** PRINTER
DGS CFG1
SCALE
LCD
S-DISP
MEAS
9-4
Krautkramer USM 25
Function directory Function SET-# SETTING S-REF1 S-REF2 STORE T-CORR * Function group MEM Data CAL CAL MEM DAC Description Number of the data set Display of a function list X-VALUE Reference echo 1 for calibration Reference echo 2 for calibration Saving the data set Sensitivity correction, e.g. to compensate for transfer losses Saving additional information Entry of workpiece thickness for calculation of real flaw depth Current time Selection of the measuring point for the gate TRIG Function UNIT Function group CFG1 Description
Appendix
Selecting the unit of measurement mm or inch Entry of the distance between probe index (sound exit point) and leading face of the angle-beam probe
TESTINF THICKNE
DATA TRIG
TIME TOF
CFG2 MEAS
Krautkramer USM 25
9-5
Appendix
EC declaration of conformity
9-6
Krautkramer USM 25
Manufacturer/Service addresses
Appendix
If there is anything special that you would like to know about the use, handling, operation and specifications of the instruments, please contact your nearest Krautkramer Ultrasonic Systems representative or directly: Agfa NDT GmbH Krautkramer Ultrasonic Systems Service-Center Robert-Bosch-Str. 3 D 50354 Hrth or: Postfach 1363 D 50330 Hrth Phone +49 (0) 22 33 - 601 111 Fax +49 (0) 22 33 - 601 402 E-Mail Hotline@AgfaNDT.de
9-7
Appendix
France Agfa NDT S.A. SAC Sans Souci 68, Chemin des Ormeaux F 69760 Limonest Phone +33 4 72 - 17 92 20 Fax +33 4 78 - 47 56 98 USA
Manufacturer/Service addresses
Agfa NDT Inc. 50 Industrial Park Road USA Lewistown, PA 17044 Phone +1 717 - 242 03 27 Fax +1 717 - 242 26 06
Great Britain Agfa NDT Ltd. Milburn Hill Road University of Warwick Science Park GB Coventry CV4 7HS Phone +44 24 - 7669 00 69 Fax +44 24 - 7669 30 32
9-8
Krautkramer USM 25
Changes
10
Krautkramer USM 25
10-1
Changes
This chapter contains the latest changes or additions if any. Otherwise this chapter remains empty.
10-2
Krautkramer USM 25
Index
11
Krautkramer USM 25
11-1
Index
A
a trig triggering by an interface echo ............................5-17 A-Scan setting the A-scan ..............................................5-44 Accessories ............................................................ 2-5 Addresses............................................................... 9-7 Adjustment range function directory ................................................. 9-2 Adustment coarse and fine .................................................... 4-7 aGAT (function group) ............................................5-16 aLOGIC evaluation logic gate A .......................................5-17 Analog output ................................................. 5-54, 8-2 ANAMOD ...............................................................5-53 ANGLE angle of incidence ..............................................5-31 Anticoincidence .....................................................5-17
11-2
aSTART ................................................................. 5-27 starting point of gate A .......................................5-18 aTHRSH Threshold of gate A ............................................ 5-18 aWIDTH width of gate A ...................................................5-18
B
Backlight ................................................................5-47 BASE (function group) ............................................ 5-6 Basic settings ......................................................... 4-9 Batteries ................................................................. Care .................................................................... Charging the NiCd batteries ................................. Inserting batteries ................................................ 1-3 7-2 7-2 3-3
bGAT (function group) ............................................ 5-16 bLOGIC evaluation logic gate B ....................................... 5-17 bSTART starting point of gate B .......................................5-18
Krautkramer USM 25
Index
bTHRSH Threshold of gate B ............................................ 5-18 bWIDTH width of gate B ...................................................5-18 Codes Codes for function keys ...................................... 8-14 Function codes .................................................... 8-6 Remote control .................................................... 8-5 Coincidence ........................................................... 5-17
C
CAL semiautomatic calibration ......................... 5-21, 5-24 Calibration .............................................................. 5-19 Dual-element (TR) probes ................................... 5-23 Straight-beam probes ......................................... 5-20 with unknown materials ...................................... 5-21 Care ........................................................................ 7-2 CFG1 (function group) ............................................ 5-49 CFG2 (function group) ............................................ 5-49 Changes ................................................................10-1 Charge indicator ...................................................... 3-3 Charging batteries ................................................... 3-3
Configuration ..........................................................5-49 for test applications ............................................ 5-41 Connecting a probe ................................................. 3-5 CONTR ................................................................... 3-6 LCD contrast ...................................................... 5-48 Controls .................................................................. 4-2 COPYMOD ...................................................... 6-3, 8-4 assignment of the COPY key ............................. 5-51
D
D-DELAY (Display starting point) ............................ 5-9 DAC (function group) ..............................................5-58 DACECHO recording reference curve ................................... 5-60
11-3
Krautkramer USM 25
Index
DACMOD activating DAC/TCG ...........................................5-59 DACMOD (activating DAC) ....................................5-58 DAMPING (Probe matching) ..................................5-11 DATA (function group) ............................................5-36 Data exchange ........................................................ 8-4 Data saving ............................................................5-33 Data set Deleting ..............................................................5-34 Management ......................................................5-36 Storing ................................................................5-34 Data transfer ........................................................... 6-4 DATE setting the gate ..................................................5-52 Date set Recalling ............................................................5-35 dBCORR (sensitivity correction) .............................5-61 DBSTEP ................................................................5-14 Defects ................................................................... 1-3
11-4 Issue 07, 07/2003 Krautkramer USM 25
Deleting a reference echo ...................................... 5-29 Depth .....................................................................5-30 DGS evaluation (USM 25S) ....................................5-63 DIALOG selecting the language ......................................... 4-9 DIALOG (Selecting the language) .......................... 5-50 DIR directory of stored data sets ...............................5-36 DIR (dataset directory) ...........................................5-40 Display .................................................................... 4-3 Backlight ............................................................ 4-10 Display range .......................................................... 5-6 Display starting point .............................................. 5-9 Distance-amplitude curve .......................................5-58 DUAL pulser-receiver separation ................................... 5-12 DUAL (Pulser-receiver separation) .........................5-11
Index
E
EC declaration ........................................................ 9-6 Echo display ..........................................................5-47 Enlarged echo display ........................................5-55 Zoom mode ......................................................... 4-3 Enlarged display of measurement value ......................................... 4-5 Errors ...................................................................... 1-3 Evaluation logic of the gates .................................. 5-17 EVAMOD ...............................................................5-54
Freeze function ...................................................... 5-55 FREQU Frequency range .................................................5-15 Frequency range ....................................................5-15 Function directory ................................................... 9-2 Function groups ....................................... 4-4, 4-7, 5-3 Functions ................................................................ 4-4 Function directory ................................................ 9-2 Overview ............................................................. 5-2 Setting the functions ........................................... 4-7 Special keys ...................................................... 5-55
F
FILLED echo display .......................................................5-47 FILLED (Echo display mode) .................................5-47 FINE G (fine adjustment of gain) ............................5-13 Flaw evaluation ....................................................... 1-7 Flaw position calculation ........................................5-30
Krautkramer USM 25
G
Gain ........................................................................ 5-5 Fine adjustment .................................................. 5-13 Incrementation ..................................................... 5-5 Gate setting ........................................................... 5-16 Gates ..................................................................... 5-16 starting point ...................................................... 5-18 width ...................................................................5-18
11-5
Index
H
HORN acoustic alarm ....................................................5-53
L
Language ................................................................ 4-9 LCD (function group) ..............................................5-46 LCD contrast ........................................................... 3-6
I
Instrument versions ................................................ 1-9 Intefaces RS232 interface ................................................... 8-3 Interface echo ........................................................5-17 Interfaces I/O interface ........................................................ 8-2
Lemo socket ........................................................... 8-2 LIGHT LCD backlight ..................................................... 5-47 switching the backlight .......................................4-10 Limits ...................................................................... 1-5
M
MAGNIFY gate spreading ....................................................5-44 Maintenance ........................................................... 7-4 Manufacturer ........................................................... 9-7 Material velocity ...................................................... 5-8 MEAS-P1 to P4 ...................................................... 4-5
K
Keys ....................................................................... 4-6 Special keys ......................................................5-55
11-6
Krautkramer USM 25
Index
Measurement line ........................................... 4-5, 5-42 configuration .......................................................5-45 Measuring .............................................................. 5-26 Measuring point ..................................................... 5-19 MEM (function group) .............................................5-33 MSEL (function group) ...........................................5-45 MTLVEL (Material velocity) ..................................... 5-8 Multiple DAC ..........................................................5-61
P
P-DELAY (Probe delay) ......................................... 5-10 POWER (Intensity) ................................................ 5-11 Power supply .......................................................... 3-2 PREVIEW dataset preview ........................................ 5-36, 5-39 PRF-MOD pulse repetition frequency ................................... 5-12 PRF-MOD (Pulse repetition frequency) .................. 5-12
O
OFFSET distance of multiple DAC ....................................5-62 OFFSET (distance of multiple DAC) ......................5-61 Operating levels overview .............................................................. 5-2 Operator training ..................................................... 1-4 Operator's controls .................................................. 4-2
PRINTER selecting the printer driver ..................................5-51 Printer preparing ............................................................. 6-2 PRINTER (Printer for test report)............................5-47 Printer connection ................................................... 8-4 Printing ................................................................... 8-4 Printing data ............................................................ 6-2 Probe connection .................................................... 3-5
Krautkramer USM 25
11-7
Index
Probe delay ............................................................5-10 Probe matching ......................................................5-11 Projection distance ................................................5-30 PULS (function group) ............................................5-10 Pulse repetition frequency ......................................5-12 Pulser adjustment ..................................................5-10 Pulser-receiver separation ......................................5-12 REFECHO .............................................................5-27 REFMOD ...............................................................5-27 REJECT ................................................................5-14 Remote control ........................................................ 8-5 Reset ...................................................................... 3-6 Rotary knobs........................................................... 4-8
S R
RANGE (Display range) .......................................... 5-7 Recalling a data set ...............................................5-35 Receiver adjustment ..............................................5-13 RECORD (recording reference curve) .....................5-59 RECTIFY ...............................................................5-15 RECTIFY (rectification) ..........................................5-15 RECV (function group) ...........................................5-13 Reduced projection distance ..................................5-30
11-8 Issue 07, 07/2003 Krautkramer USM 25
S-DISP ................................................................... 4-5 S-DISP (zoomed display of reading) ......................5-42 Safety information ................................................... 1-2 SCALE ...................................................................5-48 Screen .................................................................... 4-3 Semiautomatic calibration ............................ 5-21, 5-24 Sensitivity correction .............................................5-61 Service ................................................................... 9-7
Index
SETTING function list .........................................................5-40 setting function list .........................................................5-36 Sound attenuation (DGS) .......................................5-70 Standard package ................................................... 2-3 Start-up ................................................................... 3-6 Storing a data set ...................................................5-34 Sub-D socket .......................................................... 8-3 SVEL1 (fixed sound velocity) .................................5-43 Switching on/off ...................................................... 3-6 Symbols in this manual ..................................................... 1-12 LED .................................................................... 5-56 Status symbols .......................................... 4-5, 5-56
T
T-CORR sensitivity correction (DAC) ................................ 5-61 transfer correction (DGS) .................................... 5-69 TCG ....................................................................... 5-59 Temperature ............................................................ 1-6 Test report .............................................................. 6-3 Test requirements ................................................... 1-5 TESTINF additional information for stored data sets ..........5-36 THICKNE material thickness ..............................................5-32 Threshold of the gates ........................................... 5-18 TIME setting the time .................................................. 5-52 TOF selecting the measuring point ............................. 5-42 Transfer correction (DGS) ...................................... 5-69 TRIG (function group) ............................................. 5-30
Krautkramer USM 25
11-9
Index
U
Ultrasonic testing .................................................... 1-4 UNIT Units of measurement ........................................5-49 Units ....................................................................... 4-9
W
Wall thickness ........................................................ 1-6 Width of the gates ..................................................5-18
X
X-position ...............................................................5-38 X-VALUE of the probe ........................................................ 5-31
Z
Zoom mode ............................................................. 4-3
11-10 Issue 07, 07/2003 Krautkramer USM 25
O-1
Contents
2.2 Recording measured values (LOGG) .... O-16 Choosing a test job (JOB) ........................ O-16 Choosing a location (LOCAT) ................... O-16 Choosing a result (COMMENT) ................ O-16 Saving a measured value (MEASVAL) ..... O-17 2.3 Displaying measured values (VIEW) ..... O-20 Choosing a test job (JOB) ........................ O-20 Choosing a location (LOCAT) ................... O-20 Reading the result (COMMENT) ............... O-21 Reading the measured value (MEASVAL) ............................................. O-21 2.4 Clearing or deleting all jobs .................. O-21 Clearing all jobs (CLR-ALL) ...................... O-21 Deleting all jobs (DEL-ALL) ...................... O-22
O-2
Contents
Activating the tolerance monitor (TOL-MON) .............................................. O-26 Activating the minimum reading capture mode (MIN-CAP) ......................... O-27 3.2 Setting the gate (cGAT) .......................... O-28 Evaluation logic of the gate C (cLOGIC) .. O-28 Starting point of the gate (cSTART) ......... O-29 Width of the gate (cWIDTH) ..................... O-29 Response and measuring threshold of the gate (cTHRSH) .............................. O-29
O-3
Contents
O-4
Introduction
O-5
Introduction
O-6
Introduction
O-7
Introduction
Function groups of the 4th operating level JOBS This is where youll find functions required for setting up and for editing your test jobs. LOGG This menu serves for the logging or recording of measured values in a test job. VIEW This menu serves for the representation of all measured values of a test job, including A-scan. TOL Functions for monitoring the measured values.
Besides the function groups of the Data Logger, there are two more function groups at the 4th operating level. The functions of the group TOL serve for the monitoring of measured values by means of a tolenrance monitor and a minimum reading capture mode. You can use the functions of the group cGAT to configure a third gate.
cGAT All functions for setting the gate C are to be found in this function group.
O-8
O-9
O-10
You can create and save the test jobs by means of the JOBEDIT screen panel. You can provide the test jobs with additional information in order to selectively access individual test jobs at a later date. This will offer you an easy way of data management. You have 9 data input fields at your disposal for creating test jobs. Enter numerical values in these fields: JOB-# ROW Number of the current test job Number of rows
H Note: Detailed information about entering charactes into field is given in chapter 5.11 or 5.12 in the operating manual of your ultrasonic flaw detector USM.
COLUMN Number of columns You can enter a maximum of 24 alphanumerical characters each in the following fields: JOB-NAM LOC-NAM Name of the current test job Name of the test location
O-11
You can file a maximum of 10 result texts at the result numbers 1 ... 10 for every test job. Every measured value can be linked to one of the result texts existing for this job. Proceed as follows in order to define a new test job: H Note: Please check that the job number is not occupied. Occupied jobs cannot be overwritten with new test jobs. If necessary, choose another job number. Adjust the required job number in the field JOB-#. Adjust the required job name in the field JOB-NAM. Choose the number of rows for the present test job in the field ROW. Choose the number of columns for the present test job in the field COLUMN.
O-12
H Note: The maximum number of rows is 5,000 if no test job exists as yet and if the number of columns is set to A (= 1 column). The maximum number of columns is 26 (COLUMN = Z) with the product from the number of rows and the number of columns not being larger than the remaining free memory space. All inputs are checked immediately, and if the memory capacity is exceeded, there is a warning message No more free locations. Select a result number in the field COM-#. Enter the result text for the result number previously selected in the field COM-NAM. Type in the texts for other result numbers if necessary. Select the data set that you want to assign to this job in the field DATA-#. Keep DATA-# = 0 if you dont want to have any linking.
O-13
This message indicates that the memory capacity would be exceeded with the specified values for ROW and COLUMN. Change the values or delete single or all jobs in order to obtain more free memory space.
You can now edit the names of the test locations as required. If one of the following error messages is shown, the test job could not be successfully created. CREATE blocked by JOB-# = *n This message indicates that a test job is already stored at the selected job number. Assign a free job number to the current test job, and create the test job. CREATE blocked by DAT-LOG = row (column) This message indicates that you can not create a new test job when the data logger is active. Switch off the data logger at first (DAT-LOG = off).
After clearing a job, you will not obtain any new memory location. This will continue to be reserved for the job. The reserved memory location will not be enabled again until after deleting the test job. Choose the option on in the field CLEAR in order to delete all readings from the test job. Clear job? is displayed. Confirm by pressing the corresponding function key once again.
O-14
O-15
O-16
O-17
Number of free locations in the current test job Last stored measurement value Number of legs in gate A Number of legs in gate B Number of legs in gate C
Attention!
When saving measured values, already stored values of the same location are overwritten after previous warning and confirmation with the storage key. H Note: After storing a measured value, the next test location is selected automatically. When reaching the last location of a test job this location will remain selected. You can store additional measured values by selecting new test locations with the function LOCAT coming from the last test location. Activate the function DAT-LOG in the function group JOBS.
O-18
Use
Select the desired test job in the function JOB. If necessary choose the test location for saving the measured value in the function LOCAT. Carry out the measuring. If necessary choose the result saved with the measured value in the function COMMENT. To save the measured value only press the storage key (key at USM 25 and USM 23, key in at USM 35). or Keep the storage key pressed down for more than 1 second in order to save the measured value and the A-scan (key at USM 25 and USM 23, key in at USM 35).
O-19
O-20
H Note: You can only read the result in this menu, but not edit it.
You have the possibility of clearing all test jobs. In this process, all measured values are removed from all test jobs. The test jobs themselves are maintained.
Attention!
If you use the function CLR-ALL, youll delete all measured values from all test jobs. Use the key Use the key to go to the 4th operating level. to select the function group JOBS.
Choose the option on in the function CLR-ALL in order to delete all measured values. Clear all jobs? is displayed. Confirm by pressing the corresponding function key once again.
O-21
Attention!
If you use the function DEL-ALL, youll irrevocably delete the test jobs. Before deleting, you should therefore check if all test jobs really should be deleted. Use the key Use the key to go to the 4th operating level. to select the function group JOBS.
Choose the option on in the function DEL-ALL in order to delete all test jobs. Delete all jobs? is displayed. Confirm by pressing the corresponding function key once again.
O-22
Other functions
O-23
Other functions
Sc-a Sound path difference between gate C and gate A Sc-b Sound path difference between gate C and gate B Sb-a Sound path difference between gate B and gate A
O-24 Issue 03, 06/2003 Krautkramer Option Data Logger (USM family)
Other functions
O-25
Other functions
The choice of the option Alarm in the function S-DISP or MEAS-Px additionally enables the display of the undertolerance (Al = L) or overtolerance (Al = H) values. Set the required option in the function TOL-MON.
O-26
Other functions
If the minimum reading capture mode should be used in a test job that has a data set linked to it, the corresponding settings must be saved to the linked data set. Set the required option in the function MIN-CAP. The activated minimum value capture is indicated by the status indicator M (inverted) to the right in the measurement row.
O-27
Other functions
O-28
Other functions
Determine the position of the gate at this point. The position is defined by means of three parameters: start, width and threshold.
O-29
O-30
Documentation
O-31
Documentation
If necessary, select other test jobs, as described above, in order to print them out.
Select datalog in the function COPYMOD. Use the key Use to go to the 4th operating level.
Deactivate the function DAT-LOG in the function group JOBS. Use to select the function group LOGG.
Select the test job that you want to print out in the function JOB.
O-32
Fernbedienung
Remote control
O-33
Remote control
Attention!
Some functions use the same names. You should therefore make sure that you enter the correct codes. You should pay special attention to the correct entry of the codes for the following functions: LJ DJ JC JD for clearing the current test job (screen panel JOBEDIT) for deleting the current test job (screen panel JOBEDIT) for clearing all test jobs (function group JOBS) for deleting all test jobs (function group JOBS)
O-34
Functions and remote control codes Function A-scan CLR-ALL Code Settings/Description D$ JC A-scan in menu VIEW (binary) 0 = off 1 = on 0 = off 1 = on number of columns in menu EDIT 1 (JOBEDIT) 1 ... 10 result no. in menu EDIT 2 (JOBEDIT) 1 ... 10 result no. in menu VIEW 1 ... 10 result no. in menu LOGG alphanumerical entry in menu EDIT 2 (JOBEDIT) 0 = off 1 = on 1 Resolution Function cLOGIC
Remote control
Code Settings/Description 3L 0 1 2 3 4 = = = = = off pos neg A trig B trig Resolution 1
CLEAR
LJ
3D 3T 3W D# DL
0 ... 9999 mm 10 - 90 % / 30 0.02 ... 9999 mm 1 ... 200 0 = off 1 = row 2 = column 0 = off 1 = on 0 = off 1 = on job no. in menu VIEW job no. in menu LOGG
0.01 1 0.01 1
COLUMN
CL
COM-#
R#
1 DATA-# DAT-LOG
COMMENT
R$
COMMENT
R_
DEL-ALL
JD
COM-NAM
RN
DELETE
DJ
CREATE
CJ
JOB JOB
J$ J_
1 1
O-35
Remote control
Function JOB-# Code Settings/Description J# job no. in menu EDIT 1 (JOBEDIT) 0 = off 1 = on alphanumerical entry in menu EDIT 1 (JOBEDIT) ROW LOC-# L# location no. in menu EDIT 2 (JOBEDIT) alphanumerical entry in menu EDIT 2 (JOBEDIT) location no. in menu VIEW location no. in menu LOGG 1 1 1 TOL-MON LOC-NAM LN TN RW Resolution 1 Function MIN-CAP
Functions and remote control codes Code Settings/Description MC 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 = = = = = = = off Sa Sb Sc Sc-a Sc-b Sb-a 1 Resolution
JOBEDIT
T6
JOB-NAM
JN
L$ L_ JV T+ E$ T
reading in measured value (menu LOGG) 0 ... 5000 mm reading out measured value (menu VIEW) 0 ... 5000 mm
O-36
Krautkramer
USM 25S_TM035041005_D - 1
Transmitter
Shape Spectrum Spectrum Spectrum Spectrum Damping 342 45 1000 50 Capacity Pulse Repetition Frequency PRF Mode PRF step Operating Modes Characteristics of Transmitter Pulse Pulse voltage V Hz pF Hz 20% -288 220 1000 4-1000 4 100 -261 20% -235 1000 Hz DAMPING = low POWER = high
Krautkramer
DUAL = off DAMPING = low DAMPING = high DUAL = on DAMPING = low DAMPING = high POWER = low POWER = high Manual, automatically linked to range in 10 steps >1,5m <1,5m Single-, dual mode
USM 25S_TM035041005_D-2
Pulse rise time Pulse duration Effective output impedance Pulse voltage Pulse rise time Pulse duration Effective output impedance Pulse voltage Pulse rise time Pulse duration Effective output impedance Pulse voltage Pulse rise time Pulse duration Effective output impedance
ns ns V ns ns V ns ns V ns ns
16,93 172 50 -150 18,22 125 40 -155 12,03 52 95 -93 11,57 40 42 1000 Hz DAMPING = high POWER = low 1000 Hz DAMPING = low POWER = low 1000 Hz DAMPING = high POWER = high
Krautkramer
USM 25S_TM035041005_D-3
Receiver
Amplifier Setting Range Increments dB dB 110 0,5 1 2 6 12 4 0 ~0,1 0,197 1,253 0,496 1,057 0,514 >110 25,0 90 -
Attenuator uncal. range Accuracy of calibrated attenuator Uncalibrated increments Amplifier Frequency Frequency spectrum (-3dB) Frequency ranges Lower frequency range Upper frequency range Center frequency Bandwidth Maximum frequency Dynamic range Noise level Gain for 80% SH Minimum input voltage
0,6 (-3dB) 0,2 - 1 MHz Filter 4 0,216 1,378 0,521 1,162 0,592 80 26,0 120
0,2 - 20 -
USM 25S_TM035041005_D-4
Krautkramer
Maximum input voltage Frequency ranges Lower frequency range Upper frequency range Center frequency Bandwidth Maximum frequency Gain for 80% SH Minimum input voltage Maximum input voltage Dynamic range Noise level Frequency ranges Lower frequency range Upper frequency range Center frequency Bandwidth Maximum frequency Gain for 80% SH Minimum input voltage Maximum input voltage Dynamic range
V MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz dB V V dB nV MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz dB V V dB
0,352 3,913 1,239 3,560 1,141 23,5 90 1 0,669 9,707 2,690 9,037 2,288 24,0 130 -
0,391 4,347 1,304 3,956 1,426 24,5 110 >110 0,744 10,785 2,832 10,042 2,692 25,0 165 >105
40 0,431 4,782 1,370 4,351 1,711 25,5 120 40 80 0,818 11,864 2,973 11,046 3,096 26,0 200 40 0,8 - 8 MHz Filter 3 0,5 - 4 MHz Filter 1
Krautkramer
USM 25S_TM035041005_D-5
Noise level Frequency ranges Lower frequency range Upper frequency range Center frequency Bandwidth Maximum frequency Gain for 80% SH Minimum input voltage Maximum input voltage Dynamic range Noise level Deadtime after transmitter pulse Receiver input impedance
80 2,250 23,221 6,899 20,972 14,297 26,5 320 40 80 1nF,125 Ohm,0,5-4MHz Single mode 2 - 20 MHz Filter 2
Single probe (combined transmitter and receiver) Rmax Rmin Cmax Cmin pf pf 343 343 36 36 516 516 -
Dual mode
USM 25S_TM035041005_D-6
Krautkramer
Signal Mode Full Wave Negative Halfwave Positive Halfwave RF Suppression Adjustable
pf pf
To 50 mm steel -
Krautkramer
USM 25S_TM035041005_D-7
Monitor
Number of Gates Alarm logic 2 off, pos, neg, trigger 0 to 9999 0,2 to 9999 10 - 90 flank, peak Yes LED, horn Yes Yes -
Start
mm
Width
mm
Threshold Measurement points Magnifier Alarm Interface echo start Switch output
Display of A-scan on full screen width Horn switchable Control of Gate B by Gate A See interface
USM 25S_TM035041005_D-8
Krautkramer
Display
Type Dimensions of the Display Resolution Backlight A-scan display Linearity of time base Sampling error Display jitter Amplitude Position Measurement resolution Sound path mm % % % % -0,5 -5 -2 -1 0,01 0 0 0 0,5 5 2 1 1 0,01: 0 to 99 mm 0,1: 100 mm to 999 mm 1: From 1000 mm At 2 MHz mm acitve LCD 72 x 96 240 x 320 Yes (HxW) Number of pixels Switchable
Amplitude ,
% ns ns
Krautkramer
USM 25S_TM035041005_D-9
Display width
mm
0,5 to 9999 55 -10 to 900 0 to 199,99 Yes 1000 to 15000 mm, inch 0 0 - 90 0,1 0 - 100
mm mm
Display start
Probe delay
Unit of measurement Linearity of time base Trigonometry Angle of incidence Increments X-value Object thickness mm mm %
0,5 -
0,5 Distance: index point to probe front edge To calculate Sound Reflection Resolution 0,1
1 - 9999 -
USM 25S_TM035041005_D-10
Krautkramer
Diameter Image processing Readings to be displayed Time of flight Sound path difference Surface distance Red. surface distance Depth position Amplitude in % Amplitude in dB
mm/inch -
10 - 2000 flat 0,40 - 800 flat 5 Yes B-A Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes --
mm inch
For Gate A,B For Gate A,B For Gate A,B For Gate A,B For Gate A,B For Gate A,B to gate threshold to reference (REF) for USM 25 DAC/S to reference curve * Only USM 25 DAC and S for gate A,B to reference curve * Only USM 25 S for gate A For Gate A,B * only for USM 25 S * only for USM 25 S Number of legs
Amplitude in % curve
Yes
Amplitude as ERS Alarm Evaluation curve (DGS) Test sensitivity Number of legs
Krautkramer
USM 25S_TM035041005_D-11
Signal display mode Signal processing Screen freeze Auto freeze A-scan Compare Envelope mode Peak Freeze Zoom Status information Dialog languages Function lock
standard,filled Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes -Yes Yes 19 Yes In zoom mode Echo envelope For Gate B A-scan on full screen width Freeze Auto freeze
USM 25S_TM035041005_D-12
Krautkramer
Amplitude evaluation
DAC Number of reference echoes Dynamic range Slope maximum DGS Number of probes Free programmable probe Reference reflectors dB dB/s Yes 10 40 6 Yes 24 Yes SDH BE FBH * Only USM 25 DAC and S Distance amplitude curve Reference echoes For TCG For TCG * Only USM 25 S In memory One probe for data set
Attenuation correction Transfer correction Quadrant correction DAC Mode Curve TCG Additional curves Curve offset dB
0,1 - 14 0,1 - 14 0,1 - 14 0,1 - 14 0,1 - 14 0,1 - 14 4 Multicurve 0,1 - 14 * Only USM 25 DAC and S display of curve Evaluation curve Depth compasation
Krautkramer
USM 25S_TM035041005_D-13
Data processing
Analog-to-Digital Conversion Sample frequency Storage of data Number of datasets Contents of datasets Dataset description String Length (Dataset name) Notes, No. of fields Memo, No. of characters Date and time Measurement results Sound path (TOF) Trigiometric values Amplidute Hardcopy Function list Test Report Yes For Gate A and B selectable selectable Yes Yes Yes Format PCX MHz 30 ja 200 24 9 24 Yes 240 6 alphanumerical + 3 numerical A-scan + instrument setup Numerical and alphanumerical From internal memory
USM 25S_TM035041005_D-14
Krautkramer
Interfaces
Outputs Alarms Horn Alarm gate A/B Switching voltage Max. switching current Hysteresis Accuracy of the threshold Hold time Analog output Amplitude Gate A or B Time of flight Gate A or B Max. switch current Output impedance Linearity Rise time Fall time Hold time Digital input U U V= V= mA % V/s V/s ms 0,5 0-5 0-5 0,5 100 0 2,5 2,5 8 - 250 0,5 Depending on PRF 8 Bit +/- 1/2 LSB Corresponding to 100% SH Corresponding to gate width t U I V= mA % % ms 0,5 2 20% TTL Yes Yes 3 6 0 500 0,5 2 20% Correspondig to actual threshold Hold time Logical OR HCT level with 100 Ohm serial
Krautkramer
USM 25S_TM035041005_D-15
Control Test data release Digital interface Types RS-232 Printer Output/type Driver Data Time of flight Amplitude Alarms A-Scan Trigger Remote control Yes Yes Yes ja TTL RS 232 A-Scan RS 232 Epson HP Seiko Redable about RS232 Yes Yes TTL
USM 25S_TM035041005_D-16
Krautkramer
General
Instrument Size (HxWxD) Weight Storage temperature Temperate range for mains operation Temperature range for battery operation Warm-up period Possible power supplies Voltage range for battery operation Voltage range with power supply Power consumption Low battery warning Environmental Protection Shock resistivity V= V= VA mm kg C C C h -20 0 0 4,2 8 2,5 Yes IP 54 1,6 +60 50 50 6 12 4,5 -Shock resistance according to DIN IEC 68, 6 ms, 60g shocks per axis Vibration resistance according to DIN IEC 68, 1-150 Hz, 2g, 20 cycles per axis Min(without lights) Max(with lights) Status display 10 minutes at 25 C Battery, mains (external power supply) incl. Batteries 176 x 255 - x 65
Vibration
Krautkramer
USM 25S_TM035041005_D-17
Amplitude Echo position Stability against voltage change Amplitude Time of flight Power supply Battery operation time Stability after warm-up time Low battery display Amplitude Time of flight Change in amplitude over time base position with battery c Types of Sockets Probe connection I/O interface RS-232 External power supply Case Documentation
%/10 C %/10 C % % h
-5 -1 -2 -1 -
0 0 0 0 6 0 0 -
5 1 2 1 2 1 Battery NiMH 3/Ah After 30 minutes Status symbol +/-0,5% +/- 0,5mm
%/10 C % %
-2 -1 -
USM 25S_TM035041005_D-18
Krautkramer
Other
Software update procedure Options Download via RS 232 Data logger
Krautkramer
USM 25S_TM035041005_D-19
USM 25S_TM035041005_D-20
Krautkramer
Krautkramer
USM 25S_TM035041005_D-21
USM 25S_TM035041005_D-22
Krautkramer
Krautkramer
USM 25S_TM035041005_D-23
Krautkrmer USM 25
Issue 04.09/03
13-1
13-2
Krautkrmer USM 25
Krautkrmer USM 25
13-3
13-4
Krautkrmer USM 25
Krautkrmer USM 25
13-5
13-6