A FAST SYSTEM OF MATHEMATICAL TYPING FOR MICROSOFT WORD by Len Fellman lenfellman@comcas !

ne INTROD"CTION In #ecen yea#s I $a%e been &'%'n& ma $ema 'cs lec (#es (s'n& a com)( e# *' $ an o%e#$ea+ )#o,ec o#! D(#'n& $'s 'me- I $a%e +e%elo)e+ a sys em of ma $ema 'cal y)'n& 'n M'c#osof Wo#+ $a 's fas eno(&$ o (se *$'le lec (#'n&! E.'s 'n& ools fo# ma $ema 'cal y)'n& /s(c$ as Wo#+0s E1(a 'on E+' o#2 a#e oo slo* fo# $'s- o# fo# mos +ay3 o3+ay e+(ca 'onal (se! T$'s 's beca(se $ey #e1('#e m(c$ mo(se man')(la 'on an+ $e #ansfe# of e1(a 'ons bac4 an+ fo# $ f#om a s)ec'al e+' o# o $e *o#+ )#ocesso#! Wo#+ ' self con a'ns all $e ools nee+e+ o )#o+(ce ele&an ma $ema 'cs5 T$e sec#e 's a s(' e of mac#os /'n%o4e+ by s)ec'al 4ey comb'na 'ons2 *$'c$ $a#ness $e )o*e# of Wo#+0s 6f'el+ co+es7! W' $ my em)la e fo# M'c#osof Wo#+- yo( can y)e ma $ema 'cal e. almos as fas as yo( y)e o#+'na#y e. - )l(s eye3ca c$'n& s)ec'al effec s! Pa# I An O%e#%'e* of $e Ma $ Tem)la e!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!8 C$a) e# 8 Symbols!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!8 A! S()e#sc#') s an+ S(bsc#') s!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!8 9! F#ac 'ons!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!: C! Ra+'cals- In e&#als- an+ o $e# Tem)la es!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!; D! O)e#a 'on an+ Rela 'on symbols!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!< E! Ho* o Selec Te. o be Fo#ma e+!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!< F! Le e# Fo#ms!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!= C$a) e# > D#a*'n&s an+ P'c (#es!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!? A! Wo#+0s D#a*'n& Tools!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!?

Part I
C$a) e# 8 A!

An Overview of the Math Template

Symbols

S()e#sc#') s an+ S(bsc#') s

'! Wo#+0s b('l 3'n s(b3 an+ s()e#sc#') fea (#e A selec 'on can be c$an&e+ o /o# f#om2 s()e#sc#') o# s(bsc#') f#om $e Fo#ma men(Fon ! T$e b('l 3'n s$o# c( 4eys fo# $'s a#e5 Toggle superscript: CTRL SHIFT = Toggle subscript: CTRL = > Fo# e.am)le- o en e# . (s'n& $e No#mal em)la e yo( *o(l+ y)e5 . CTRL SHIFT = 2 CTRL SHIFT = T$e secon+ CTRL SHIFT = b#'n&s $e c(#so# bac4 +o*n o $e base le%el! Ma $Ty)'n&Sys emDemo!+oc )a&e 8 of ?

I $'&$ly #ecommen+ $a yo( memo#'@e $ese s$o# c( 4eys- s'nce yo( can (se $em 'n any %e#s'on of Wo#+ $a +oesn0 $a%e $e Ma $ em)la e! Fo# )eo)le *$o (se s()e#sc#') s f#e1(en ly- $'s 's 1(' e combe#some! Wo(l+n0 ' be n'ce o be able o y)e a single s$o# c( o &e an e.)onen - *$'c$ no only 'nse# s $e s()e#sc#') b( b#'n&s yo( bac4 +o*n o $e base le%el a( oma 'callyA T$'s *as $e 1(es 'on $a be&an my *o#4 on $e Ma $ Tem)la e! In ma $ema 'cal e. *$a )e#cen a&e of s()e#sc#') s +o yo( s())ose cons's of a single digitA A leas B<C- I *o(l+ &(ess! So *$y no $a%e fas s$o# c( s fo# $ese mos common of ma $ema 'cal no a 'onsA A f'#s I c#ea e+ $e follo*'n& s$o# c( s5 superscript 0 through 9, with return to the base level5 CTRL SHIFT n /n D E- F B2 subscript 0 through 9, with return to the base level5 CTRL n /n D E- F B2 Ho*e%e# I *as no $a))y *' $ $'s- beca(se I (se s()e#sc#') s m(c$ mo#e f#e1(en ly $an s(bsc#') s! So I +ec'+e+ o reverse $ese ass'&nmen s- as *ell as $e 6b('l 3'n7 s$o# c( s- as follo*s5 Toggle superscript: CTRL = Toggle subscript: CTRL SHIFT = superscript 0 through 9, with return to the base level5 CTRL n /n D E- F B2 subscript 0 through 9, with return to the base level5 CTRL SHIFT n /n D E- F B2 superscript 1: CTRL numeric !e"pa# $ T#y y)'n& c8.>y:G E@; ''! 6S 'c4y7 fon s yles If yo( +'+ $e las y)'n& e.e#c'se (s'n& $e Ma $ 4eyboa#+ s$o# c( s- yo( *'ll a))#ec'a e $o* m(c$ ' s)ee+s $'n&s () o be #e (#ne+ o $e base le%el af e# y)'n& an e.)onen ! Ho*e%e#- $'s fea (#e $as a l'm' a 'on5 if you go somewhere else in the document and then place the mouse cursor back at the end of the expression c8.>y:G E@; or if you copy and paste this expression!, the cursor will be left at the superscript level: c8.>y:G E@;% Yo( *'ll enco(n e# $'s )$enomenon f#e1(en lyHno ,(s *' $ s(b3 an+ s()e#sc#') s b( *' $ bol+- ' al'c- colo#s- fon names- e c! Fo# $'s #eason- $e Ma $ Tem)la e $as se%e#al mac#os o #e (#n yo( o 6s an+a#+7 fon c$a#ac e#'s 'cs! Fo# s(b3 an+ s()e#sc#') s- (se $e follo*'n& 4ey comb'na 'on ALT & to return the cursor to the base level or to the level preceding the current one! /Mnemon'c5 & 's nea# $e = 4ey- *$'c$ 's )a# of $e b('l 3'n s(bGs()e# 4ey comb'na 'on!2

Ma $Ty)'n&Sys emDemo!+oc

)a&e > of ?

'''! M(l '3c$a#ac e# s(b3 an+ s()e#sc#') s To c#ea e a s(b3 o# s()e#sc#') *' $ one c$a#ac e# o $e# $an a s'n&le +'&' - ,(s y)e $e c$a#ac e# an+ $en y)e ALT SHIFT ' to make the preceding character or the selection! a superscript, CTRL ALT SHIFT ' to make the preceding character or the selection! a subscript" To c#ea e a s(b3 o# s()e#sc#') *' $ more than one c$a#ac e#- selec $e c$a#ac e#s an+ y)e e' $e# of $e abo%e 4ey comb'na 'ons! T#y y)'n& .n%o))! One *ay 's5 . n ALT SHIFT ' % o ) ) /SHIFT ( ( (2 ALT SHIFT ' /Hol+'n& SHIFT *$'le $' 'n& $e lef 3a##o* 4ey selec s one c$a#ac e# a a 'me!2 T$e Ma $ Tem)la e also $as $e ca)ab'l' y of c#ea 'n& m(l '3le%el s(b3 an+ s()e#sc#') s- l'4e e. o# .n ! Yo( may *an o )lay *' $ %a#'o(s comb'na 'ons of $e 4ey comb'na 'ons +'sc(sse+ 'n $'s c$a) e# o see $o* $'s *o#4s!
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8

9! F#ac 'ons C#ea 'n& f#ac 'ons 's easy *' $ $e Ma $ Tem)la e5 ,(s y)e $e f#ac 'on (s'n& e' $e# a 6fo#*a#+ slas$7 /G2 o# a comma /)#efe##e+2 o 'n+'ca e $e f#ac 'on l'ne! T$en selec $e e. an+ y)e ALT SHIFT f! T#y y)'n& T$e comma 's )#efe##e+ o $e slas$ fo# *o #easons5 To y)e *e co(l+ s a# *' $ a I b-c I + o# *' $ a I bGc I +! T$e la e# c$o'ce &'%es $e false 'm)#ess'on $a *e a#e c#ea 'n& $e f#ac 'on bGc! A comma s(&&es a lo*e# 6o#+e# of o)e#a 'ons7 )#'o#' y! To y)e *e can s a# *' $ aGb-cG+! T$e comma a4es )#ece+ence o%e# $e slas$ as 'n+'ca o# of $e f#ac 'on ba#! Com)le. f#ac 'ons a#e ,(s as easy! In o#+e# o &e a *'+e# ba# fo# $e )#'ma#y f#ac 'on- )( one o# *o s)aces on bo $ s'+es of e' $e# $e n(me#a o# o# $e +enom'na o#! T#y y)'n& by follo*'n& $ese s e)s5 a2 8G. ALT SHIFT f /No e5 I +'+n0 nee+ o selec $e e. 68G.75 $e mac#o (ses $e )#ece+'n& 6*o#+7- namely all $e c$a#ac e#s &o'n& bac4 f#om $e c(#so# (n 'l $e )#ece+'n& s)ace c$a#ac e#2! b2 Con 'n(e by y)'n& $e follo*'n& c$a#ac e#s- *$e#e s an+s fo# $e s)aceba#5 I>-.I8 No 'ce *e )( *o s)ace c$a#ac e#s on e' $e# s'+e of . I 8 'n o#+e# o )#o+(ce $e lon& f#ac 'on ba#! Ma $Ty)'n&Sys emDemo!+oc )a&e : of ?

In $e ne. c$a) e# *e *'ll lea#n a s$o# c( fo# y)'n& I an+ s'm'la# ones fo# J K e c! C! Ra+'cals- In e&#als- an+ o $e# Tem)la es To y)e $e s1(a#e #oo of any e.)#ess'on- selec $e e.)#ess'on an+ y)e ALT SHIFT r! T#y $'s5 T$'s can eas'ly be comb'ne+ *' $ f#ac 'on f'el+s5 To y)e s a# *' $ .-.> I y> Selec .> I y> an+ y)e ALT3SHIFT3#- #es(l 'n& 'n .T$en selec $'s en '#e &#o() of c$a#ac e#s an+ y)e ALT SHIFT f o ma4e $e f#ac 'on! To &e a c(be #oo /an+ s'm'la#ly fo# any $'&$e#3o#+e# #oo 2- )#ece+e $e e.)#ess'on *' $ :To y)e - ,(s y)e :-L SHIFT ALT r! /We +'+n0 nee+ o selec $e :-L s'nce $ose $#ee c$a#ac e#s fo#ms one 6*o#+7! Abo%e- *e $a+ o selec .> I y> s'nce $'s &#o() of c$a#ac e#s con a'ns s)aces! If yo( y)e .> I y> ALT SHIFT r *' $o( selec 'n& $e e.)#ess'on f'#s yo( en+ () *' $ .> I 2! In e&#als *o#4 s'm'la#ly5 To y)e +. - ,(s )#o+(ce as abo%e- follo*e+ by ALT SHIFT i! T$e +. can be y)e+ e' $e# befo#e o# af e# $e ALT SHIFT i! To &e +.- y)e a-b- +. H $en ALT SHIFT i! If yo( selec $e 'n e&#al e.)#ess'on an+ y)e ALT SHIFT i again- $e s'&n (#ns 'n o a s'&n! H' ALT SHIFT i a $'#+ 'me- an+ ' becomes . Ho* abo( l'm' sA Yo( s$o(l+ f'#s lea#n $e s$o# c( fo# $e M c$a#ac e#5 Fo# $a - ,(s y)e $y)$en $y)$en N ! T$en o &e ,(s y)e .Ma follo*e+ by ALT SHIFT l! In mo#e +e a'l- y)e . $y)$en $y)$en N ALT SHIFT l! As 'n $e )#ece+'n& +'sc(ss'on- *e &o a*ay *' $ no selec 'n& $e e. .Ma s'nce $a &#o() of c$a#ac e#s fo#ms one 6*o#+7! If yo( s a# e+ *' $ . M a /*' $ s)aces a#o(n+ $e a##o*2yo( *o(l+ nee+ o selec $ese c$a#ac e#s f'#s ! If yo(0#e +o'n& l'm' s- yo( s$o(l+ )#obably also lea#n $e s$o# c( fo# $e 'nf'n' y symbol O5 CTRL SHIFT i! /No e5 'f yo( y)e ALT SHIFT l by ' self- yo( a#e lef *' $ an e#uation field code P EQ RO/l'm- 2 S
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Ma $Ty)'n&Sys emDemo!+oc

)a&e ; of ?

*' $ $e c(#so# 'n $e )os' 'on s$o*n $e#e! T$en yo( can y)e $e %a#'able befo#e $e M an+ 'f necessa#y #e)lace O by any o $e# symbol- an+ f'nally )#o+(ce $e l'm' symbol by )#ess'n& $e FB 4ey! F'el+ co+es a#e +'sc(sse+ 'n a la e# c$a) e#!2 D! O)e#a 'on an+ Rela 'on symbols T$e mos 'm)o# an symbol o lea#n $e#e 's $e m'n(s s'&n / ec$n'cally calle+ an 6n3+as$72)#o+(ce+ *' $ $e Ma $ Tem)la e by y)'n& ALT h"phen! 9'na#y o)e#a 'ons a#e )#o+(ce+ *' $ 4ey comb'na 'ons +es'&ne+ o a( oma 'cally )( a s)ace befo#e an+ af e# $e o)e#a 'on symbol! Yo( *'ll )#obably a&#ee $a a I b $as a mo#e sa 'sfac o#y a))ea#ance $an aIb! P( 'n& $e s)aces 'n man(ally 's 1(' e e+'o(s 'f yo( a#e y)'n& an e.)#ess'on l'4e a.: I b.> I c. I + T$e follo*'n& 4ey comb'na 'ons a#e (se+5 ALT SHIFT ) )#o+(ces I / D s)ace2 ALT SHIFT h"phen )#o+(ces J ALT SHIFT * )#o+(ces K ALT SHIFT t )#o+(ces T ALT SHIFT + )#o+(ces Yo( *'ll )#obably (se $ese 4ey comb'na 'ons %e#y f#e1(en ly! T#y y)'n& Ja I b J c K + e T f A +'ffe#en &#o() of 4ey comb'na 'ons )#o+(ce #ela 'on symbols s(##o(n+e+ by s)aces5 ALT = )#o+(ces D ALT , )#o+(ces N ALT - )#o+(ces U ALT CTRL = )#o+(ces ALT SHIFT , / ac (ally ALT SHIFT perio#! No s$'f 4ey!2 )#o+(ces ALT SHIFT - / ac (ally ALT SHIFT comma! No s$'f 4ey!2 )#o+(ces T#y y)'n&5 If a U b $en a I c U b I c! If a b an+ c E $en a T c b T c! E! Ho* o Selec Te. o be Fo#ma e+ In $e )#ece+'n& +'sc(ss'on- *e sa* $a ' 's of en necessa#y o selec a bloc4 of e. befo#e *e can a))ly one of o(# s$o# c( s! T$'s en+s o slo* +o*n o(# y)'n& s)ee+ an+ 6b#ea4 $e flo*7! In o#+e# o m'n'm'@e $'s 'ncon%en'ence- many of o(# mac#os a( oma 'cally selec $e prece#in. wor# /'!e! )#ece+'n& consec( '%e c$a#ac e#s s o))'n& a a s)ace- ab- o# 6b#ea47 c$a#ac e#2 'f no e. 's selec e+! T$'s enables (s o y)e o# %e#y 1('c4ly! A fe* of $e Ma $Ty)'n&Sys emDemo!+oc )a&e < of ?

mac#os +e)a# f#om $'s )a e#n by selec $e prece#in. 'in.le character 'f no e. 's selec e+! T$e s(bGs()e#sc#') mac#os /CTRL0 ALT SHIFT ' *o#4 $'s *ay! T$'s ma4es ' %e#y fas o y)e e.)#ess'ons l'4e .n /by y)'n& . n ALT SHIFT '2 o# an /by y)'n& a n CTRL ALT SHIFT '2 9( 'n many s' (a 'ons yo( *'ll $a%e o selec e. befo#e (s'n& one of $e mac#os! Ho* can $'s be +one 1('c4ly an+ smoo $lyA Mos )eo)le *'ll +o $'s by +#a&&'n& $e mo(se o%e# $e +es'#e+ e. ! T$'s 's of en $e 1('c4es me $o+- es)ec'ally 'f $e e. 's lon&! Fo# s$o# e# e. - $e s an+a#+ Wo#+ 4eys #o4es SHIFT)Left arrow !e" to select one character at a time, working backwards o# CTRL SHIFT)Left arrow !e" to select one word at a time, working backwards *'ll of en be sa 'sfac o#y!

F!

Le e# Fo#ms Many ma $ema 'cal symbols a#e a%a'lable 'n $e $ymbol font! To access ' - &o o Inse# Men(- Symbol- an+ /'f necessa#y2 sc#oll +o*n $e l's of fon s o 6Symbol7! /No e5 T$e Symbol +'alo& bo. 's m(c$ 'm)#o%e+ 'n Wo#+ >EE>- be'n& a f(ll3sc#een *'n+o*$(s ma4'n& $e symbols m(c$ eas'e# o #ea+!2 T$e#e a#e also a &#ea many ma $ema 'cal symbols 'n $e %ucida $ans &nicode font*$'c$ comes b(n+le+ *' $ W'n+o*s BL- W'n+o*s NT- an+ la e# %e#s'ons of W'n+o*s /loo4 'n $e Symbol +'alo& bo. fo# $e S(bse 6Le e#l'4e Fo#ms7!2 Loo4 also 'n 'rial &nicode ($- *$'c$ comes *' $ Wo#+ >EEE an+ Wo#+ >EE>- b( no *' $ Wo#+ B?! So symbols f#om $ese *o fon s *on0 *o#4 'f yo( s$a#e yo(# +oc(men s *' $ (se#s of W'n+o*s B< o# of Wo#+ B?- #es)ec '%ely! Ho*e%e# yo( c#ea e a *eb )a&e o# an A+obe Ac#oba +oc(men - an+ selec $e o) 'on 6(se local fon s7! T$en 'f $e fon s a#e a%a'lable on yo(# *eb s' e- $ey *'ll *o#4! Fo# fas ma $ema 'cal y)'n& of co(#se- yo( *'ll *an o (se $e Inse# Symbol +'alo& bo. as l' le as )oss'ble! Common ma $ema 'cal symbols $a%e $e'# o*n s$o# c( s! He#e a#e some of $e mos 'm)o# an ones5 G#ee4 le e#s5 V X Z SHIFT CTRL a SHIFT CTRL m SHIFT CTRL p W Y 1 SHIFT CTRL ' SHIFT CTRL t SHIFT CTRL # /See *$a $a))ens *$en yo( $' $'s 4ey comb'na 'on twice2! )a&e = of ?

Ma $Ty)'n&Sys emDemo!+oc

T$e follo*'n& c$a#ac e#s a#e 6A( oco##ec en #'es75 . .b[ y yb[ ) )\ 1 1\ C$a) e# > D#a*'n&s an+ P'c (#es

A! Wo#+0s D#a*'n& Tools M'c#osof Wo#+ $as an e. ens'%e b( l' le34no*n se of ools fo# ma4'n& +#a*'n&s! 9y $emsel%es $ey can +o m(c$ o en$ance yo(# ma $ema 'cal +oc(men s! T$e Ma $ Tem)la e e.)an+s on $'s ca)ab'l' y o ma4e ' )oss'ble o c#ea e elabo#a e- acc(#a e- labele+ +#a*'n&s 'n a Wo#+ +oc(men 'n a *ay $a 's eff'c'en an+ e%en f(n! W$en a +oc(men $as $e Ma $ Tem)la e a ac$e+- $e D#a*'n& Toolba# 's +'s)laye+ *' $ $e follo*'n& b( ons5 D#a* /+#o)3+o*n men(2 Sna) o G#'+ Selec Ob,ec s Selec M(l ')le Ob,ec s G#o() "n&#o() Re&#o() 9#'n& o F#on Sen+ o 9ac4 9#'n& 'n F#on of Te. Sen+ 9e$'n+ Te. F#ee Ro a e Ro a e Ho#'@on al Ro a e ]e# 'cal Fl') Ho#'@on al Fl') ]e# 'cal E+' Po'n s A( oS$a)es /D#o)3 +o*n men(2 C(#%e L'ne A##o* Do(ble A##o* Rec an&le O%al A#c Te. 9o. Inse# Wo#+ A# Inse# Cl') A# D'sassemble P'c (#e E+' Wo#+ P'c (#e F'll Colo# L'ne Colo# Fon Colo# L'ne S yle Das$ S yle A##o* S yle S$a+o* :3D Ma $Ty)'n&Sys emDemo!+oc )a&e ? of ?