Environmental Science.

11e (Wright) Chapter 21 Municipal Solid Waste: Disposal and Recovery 1) Which of the following would be included in the general definition used by the federal government to define municipal solid waste (MSW)? A) substances, such as gasoline, that can catch fire easily ) household and restaurant garbage !) substances such as ammonia and pesticides, which can in"ure human health #) agricultural and mining residues $) %he responsibility for the wee&ly collection and disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) from households largely falls under the "urisdiction of A) local governments' ) states' !) the federal government' #) international treaties' () #espite its many problems, one of the advantages of open burning of municipal solid waste (MSW) is A) the generation of natural gas to warm buildings' ) a reduction in air pollution' !) a reduction in the volume of MSW' #) the generation of agricultural fertili)er' *) +ining a landfill with a waterproof barrier is a good way to address problems related to A) methane production' ) settling' !) incomplete decomposition' #) groundwater contamination' ,) More than *,- landfills in the .nited States now use biogas to A) generate electricity and heat homes' ) produce gasoline and oil products' !) grow vegetables and other commercially raised plants' #) promote the decomposition of the wastes buried in the landfills' /) %he main problem with constructing new landfills in the .nited States is that A) nobody wants one built near them' ) the cost of building a new landfill is too e0pensive' !) the costs of running a new landfill are too e0pensive' #) once a region has a landfill, it cannot be used for anything else' $) 1ne of the greatest drawbac&s of using incinerators to burn MSW is that incinerators A) add to air pollution in the region' ) increase the mass of MSW entering the landfills' !) generate large volumes of to0ins that otherwise would not need to be managed' #) re2uire large amounts of coal to burn the MSW' 3) About half of all .'S' municipal solid waste consists of A) food wastes' ) plastics and metals' !) glass, rubber, and wood' #) paper products and yard waste' 4) 5n very broad terms, as the cost of a manufactured good increases, A) the longer it lasts, and less MSW is generated' ) the longer it lasts, but more MSW is generated' !) the shorter it lasts, but less MSW is generated' #) the shorter it lasts, and more MSW is generated' 1-) 6ou have a bicycle accident' Although you are 17, the bi&e is a mess' %he rear wheel is bent, it will need a new chain, and the front tire is punctured' %he estimated cost of repair is about 8 1--' 6ou can buy a new bi&e for about 8 19-' What is 1
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the most environmentally friendly option? A) repair the bi&e ) buy a new bi&e and toss the old one !) "ust drive your car instead #) toss the old bi&e and buy a cheap used one at a garage sale 11) 6ou want to purchase , pounds (3- ounces) of potato chips for your group=s party' 6ou can buy the chips pac&aged in many different ways' Which of the following represents the best way to reduce e0cessive pac&aging and the MSW burden on the environment? %o reduce the greatest amount of pac&aging, you should purchase A) two *->ounce bags' ) four 9->ounce bags' !) si0 1,>ounce bags' #) ten 3>ounce bags' 19) 5n general, buying in bul& is environmentally friendly because it A) reduces the total amount of MSW that is generated' ) recycles materials that would otherwise wind up in a landfill' !) encourages people to eat or use "ust a little bit more than smaller si)es' #) encourages people to eat less or use less of a product' 1() 5n general, recycling materials found in MSW A) uses more natural resources but decreases pollution and saves energy' ) uses more natural resources, increases pollution, but saves energy' !) conserves natural resources, decreases pollution, but uses more energy' #) conserves natural resources, decreases pollution, and saves energy' 1*) Which of the following products is difficult to recycle, clogs sewer pipes, and &ills thousands of marine mammals and turtles every year? A) aluminum cans ) maga)ines !) glass containers #) thin plastic grocery bags 1,) Which of the following demonstrates the greatest stewardship in addressing the production and disposal of MSW? A) promote strategies that reduce the generation of MSW ) compost organic components of MSW !) recycle MSW as much as possible #) promote strategies that reduce the generation of MSW, compost organic components, and recycle as much MSW as possible'

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?ree @esponse

The city of Fremont operates a municipal solid-waste landfill. As represented in the diagram above, the annual precipitation in Fremont is 200 mm/year: 50 percent of this water infiltrates through the landfill cover soil into the waste, and 50 percent drains off the landfill. A drainage system withdraws 90 percent of the leachate generated within the landfill for treatment. The rest of the leachate travels through the bottom liner of the landfill into the surrounding soil. Most of the cadmium disposed of in the landfill remains in the landfill; the leachate withdrawn from the landfill by the drainage system has an average cadmium concentration of 2.0 g/m3. Pumped to a treatment station, the leachate is treated at a cost of $10/m3. (a) Calculate the volume, in m3, of each of the following: (i) The water infiltrated through the landfill per year

(ii) The leachate that is treated per year

(b) Given that the cadmium concentration in the water draining from the landfill is 2.0 g/m3, calculate the mass, in kg, of cadmium that is released into the surrounding soil per year.

(c) What is the annual cost of treating the leachate from the drainage system?

a)

(i) 1,--- m3 (

(ii) 4-- m3

b) -'9 &g !dCyear

AASW<@SB c) 84,---Cyear

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1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

B A C D A

6. A 7. A 8. D 9. A 10. A 11. A 12. A 13. D 14. D 15. D

(9--3 9)

*
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$9) 5n addition to the sheer volume, one of the greatest ris&s of adding e>wastes into landfills is A) the generation of large volumes of biogas' ) a danger that !@%s will result in huge e0plosions' !) the leaching out of heavy metals into groundwater' #) the tremendous amounts of heat generated when e>waste decays' AnswerB ! #iffB 9 %opicB 91'(

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