Pediatric Community Acquired Pneumonia

-is a infectious disease of the lung parenchyma in which individuals ages from birth to 18yrs old acquired infection from normal social contact (that is, in the community), or acquired outside the hospital -is a type of pneumonia that occurred within 48 hours after admission

2. Assess the rate/depth of rate of respiration and chest movement 3. Auscultate lung fields, noting areas of decreased/absent

airflow and adventitious breath sounds, e.q crackles, wheezes

4. Assist with/monitor effects of nebulizer treatments and other respiratory physiotherapy, e.g., incentive spirometer, percussion, postural drainage. Perform treatments between meals and limit fluids when appropriate 5. Administer medications as prescribed 6. Elevate head of bed, change position frequently 7. Assist patient with frequent deep-breathing exercises. Demonstrate/help patient learn to perform activity 8. Force fluids to at least 3000 mL/day (unless contraindicated, as in heart failure). Offer warm, rather than cold, fluids

Sign and Symptoms

Poor feeding Irritability Cough Fever retraction Tachypnea Nasal flaring Hypoxemia

Health Teachings
1. 2. 3.

Prevent exposure to tobacco smoke Discuss the importance of hand washing Discuss the benefit that infants may receive pneumococcal immunization

Treatment
Antibiotics Oxygen therapy Intravenous fluids Physiotherapy

Pathophysiology
Entry of microorganism via nasal cavity Invasion of the respiratory tract Activation of immune response Ineffective immune response Invading lung parenhyma Release of endotoxins and exotoxins Continuous mucus production Massive inflammation Altered gas exchange consolidation Dyspnea cough

Antibiotics
Cephalosporins macrolide azithromycin ampicillin gentamicin cefotaxime

Vaccines
The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) is recommended for all children younger than 59 months old.

Nursing Responsibility
1. Assess vital signs