Physical Properties required for Good Cement: o Sets in 5-9 minutes

1. biocompatible o DO NOT add another drop of liquid

 should be harmless to the pulp during mixing!
2. should have adhesive property  Why?: The current mix is
 should be maintained in tooth tissue already undergoing setting!
3. durability
 ( so discard it and make a
 strong enough to withstand pressures of mastication
new one)
4. dimensionally stable
 this is applicable to all
 no shrinkage/expansion which will lead to secondary
cements!
caries formation
5. low coefficient of thermal expansion
o needs wide area of mixing to
DISSIPATE HEAT
 resistant to hot/cold foods, otherwise, if the patient eats
o Check consistency
hot foods, the cement will undergo shrinkage; if the
patient eats cold foods, the cement will imbide/expand.  Thick and creamy 
6. easy manipulation when the spatula is tapped
7. sufficient strength to adhere to other restorative materials onto the mix, it should be
8. aesthetic suitability able to make a thin strand
 for permanent restorative materials, should be of 1 ½ inch without
translucent! breaking
o Has better cementing
*Depth of Cavities action
Class A – 0.2-0.5 mm beyond DEJ ------------ needs CAVITY  Thick and doughy when
VARNISH the spatula collects the mix,
Class B – greater than 0.5mm beyond DEJ---  needs LINER the glass slab should be
Class C – deep, but still has substantial dentin  needs BASE clean.
Class D – has pinpoint pulp involvement -----  needs PULP stronger
CAPPING AGENT  Uses
o Cementing Medium  thick and
CEMENTS: creamy (thin)
[non-tooth-colored] o Base  thick and doughy (thick);
Class C cavity
I. Zinc Phosphate Cement
 Physical Properties
 “oldest cementing medium”
o pH 3.5  at time of insertion; lasts
 Components:
for 24-48 hours (neutralized by
o Powder
powder component)
 Zinc oxide  90% (main o compressive strength  12,000-
component) 16,000psi
 Magnesium Oxide modifier o tensile strength  700psi
 Bismuth  modifier  Alter setting time
o Liquid o W/P ratio
 Phosphoric acid  main o Pre-cool mixing apparatus 
component; strong acid prolongs setting to have a
 Aluminum phosphate  buffer STRONGER SET and to be LESS
 Magnesium Phosphate buffer SOLUBLE
 Water  controls ionization of II. Copper Cement
liquid
 a.k.a modified Zinc Phosphate cement
 partially controls
setting time (how?)  seldom used; more acidic than Zinc
-gain H20- faster Phosphate (because of copper salts)
setting  same powder-liquid components, but has:
- lose H20- slower o Copper oxide  anti bactericidal
setting (lose H20 by  Uses
evaporation) o Temporary restorative material
 Dispensing form: powder liquid  Types:
 Manipulation o Type I 25% Copper oxide
o Materials: Glass Slab and cement spatula  65% Zn oxide
o Ratio: 1.4 gm powder per 0.5 ml liquid
o Divide the powder into 6 small increments
 25% Copper oxide
and mix into the liquid one by one (15-20  10% Mg oxide
sec per increment)  pH 0.8
 o Type II  2-5% Copper oxide Very acidic, but kind to the Pulp
 85-88% Zn oxide  Components:
o Powder
 2-5% Copper oxide
 Zinc oxide  main
 10% Mg oxide component; opaque color
 pH 2.5  Magnesium oxide 
o after 28 days, Type I & II’s pH becomes modifier
pH 5.3
 Calcium hydroxide
 (still acidic because of copper
modifier
salts)
 Flouride  anti cariogenic
III. Zinc Oxide Eugenol (ZOE) agent
 “most versatile cement”  can
remineralize
 pH 7
demineralized enamel
 Components: (as long as there
o Powder aren’t any cavities yet)
 Zinc oxide o Liquid
o Liquid
 aqueous solution of
 Eugenol
polyacrylic acid
 Dispensing form
• very big
o 2 paste form
molecules, can’t
o powder-liquid pass through open
 ADA Classification Accdg. To Usage: dentinal tubules
Additional Comp Tensil manip Uses
components streng e ulatio (that’s why it’s
th streng n biocompatible)
th
Type I -- 800- 200psi Powde *temporary  50% by weight  WATER
Conventio 1200 r- cementing
nal ZOE psi liquid- medium  + Co-polymer
Thick *Obtundent
and material in RC
 Chelation Process
creamy therapy o Chemical bonding to tooth tissue
2
paste o Bonding of the free carboxyl group
– 1:1 of polyacrylic acid liquid and
homog
enous Calcium ions of enamel and dentin
color
Type II • Ethoxybenz 9320 1030ps Thick *permanent
• The mix should be readily packed
EBA- oic acid psi i and cementing after mixing!
Allumina Alumina cream medium
ZOE y o Why?
Type III Polymethyl 7308 603 psi *powde *Temp.
Polymer methacrylat psi r is Restoration
 To allow chelation
Modified e heavily *Base process to occur ( diba
coated
1 sa FREE carboxyl
scoop, group lang nagbbond
1 drop
Thick yung enamel and
and dentin? :D pag
dough
y pinatagal mo pa yun,
Type IV -- 798 psi 62.3psi 2 *liner (on areas wala nang bond na
ZOE Liner paste not on direct
form masticatory mangyayari! :D)
-1:1 forces)  Shiny surface- pack it
homog
enous while it looks like this!
color
* Non- -- -- -- -- *impressions
 Dull surface- indicates
eugenol initial setting (can’t
Zinc oxide
pack on this state
anymore)
 Check consistency
o Thick & doughy be able to roll mix  Dispensing form
o powder-liquid
into rope-like
o single powder component
 How to prolong storage life of Liquid
 just add water (haha!)
o Use plastic container that doubles as
 why is it possible?
dropper
o Use amber-colored bottles Liquid component has been freeze-dried
* not compatible to resin restoration! (complete dehydration)
 eugenol will alter polymerization of resin!  Manipulation
o Materials: Glass Slab and cement
IV. Zinc Polycarboxylate/ Zinc Polyacrylate spatula
 o Divide the powder into 2-3 large • developed to
increments and mix into the liquid one by compensate for
one ( for a slower set!) very fast setting
 Mixing time: 45-60 sec time of 2 paste
o Sets in 4-5 minutes form
o Check consistency • before: uses UV
light (but causes
 Thick and creamy  thin skin irritations)
strand (1 ½ inch w/o breaking) • now: uses Halogen
 Thick and doughy when the light ( safer! Can
spatula collects the mix, the glass cure thicker
slab should be clean. cement)
o stronger  Manipulation
 Uses o For paste forms:
o Luting Agent thick and creamy (thin)  Use: ball tip spatula &
 don’t need varnish! mixing pad
-why?  Mix till homogenous color
-*this blocks enamel and dentin walls, thus,  Uses
chelation isn’t possible anymore! o Pulp capping agent direct
o Base  thick and doughy (thick); Class C o Liner  Class B cavity
cavity
 Physical Properties
 Physical Properties
o pH 11.5-13  biocompatible
o pH 1.7  but biocompatible since it’s
molecules are very big to fit into dentinal
o compressive strength  <1200psi
tubules
o compressive strength  8000psi
Cavity Varnish
o tensile strength  1030-2250psi o Components:
 more inferior strength than Zinc
Phosphate, but more preferred  Natural gum- copal, rosin, synthetic
because of it’s chemical bonding resin
o biocompatible  Organic solvent – acetone, ether,
chloroform
 if >1mm of dentin is left,
• just like nail
 but, if <1mm of dentin is left polish! :D
(pinkish dentin), use a pulp o Uses
capping agent before using Zinc
 Prevents galvanism
Polycarboxylate ( din a sya
 By sealing open dentinal
ganun ka biocompatible pag may
tubules
pulp nang kasama)
V. Calcium Hydroxide  Prevents discoloration under amalgam
restoration
Ca(OH)2
 If none, the dentin might be
 Dispensing form gray-ish due to amalgam
o single powder component – just add  Prevents marginal leakage under
water! :D amalgam restoration
o 2 paste – (base & catalyst)  Prevents chemical irritation from
 Components: acidic cement
• 6% Zinc oxide  By sealing open dentinal
• 6% Calcium Hydroxide tubules
• suspended in  Cavity liner
chloroform solution of  Upon double application
resinous material o How to apply?
• common solvent:  Paint with camel hair brush (most
aqueous methyl cellulose preferable!)
• volatile substance!  Use a pellet of cotton
• If this evaporates, the mix  Wire loop
will set. * not applicable to resin restoration  varnish
• Responsible for the very alters proper polymerization
short setting time ( not
even 30 sec!)
o single paste – light-curing system; light
activated