Exam 2 review Biology I, Fall 2013 Chapter 4: Cells (the extra credit worksheet has 19 questions more are

e posted on Moodle than I handed out in class) 1. How are prokaryotes and eukaryotes alike? How are they different? (Austin)

2. Which eukaryotic organelle packages and sorts proteins? (Conor) a. Ribosome b. Nucleus c. Vesicle d. Golgi apparatus e. Cytoskeleton 3. Which of these eukaryotic organelles is NOT part of the endomembrane system? a. Endoplasmic reticulum b. Golgi apparatus c. Lysosome d. Mitochondria e. Vesicle 4. Fill the blanks: DNA is located in the ______ of eukaryotic cells and in the ______ of prokaryotic cells. a. Nucleoid region nucleus b. Nucleus cell wall c. Nucleus nucleoid region d. Mitochondria ribosomes e. Mitochondria flagella 5. How are plant cells different from animal cells? List three or more differences.

6. Match the eukaryotic organelle with its function in cells. Also be able to match organelle names to figures like the ones below. a. Cell wall b. Chloroplast c. Cilia d. Cytoplasm e. Gap junctions f. Mitochondria ___ Protein synthesis happens here ___ ATP is synthesized with energy released by oxidizing food molecules ___ Hold cells so close together that even water cannot pass between them ___ Sunlight energy is captured and used to synthesize sugars ___ Water and waste products of metabolism are stored here ___ Protection against cellular damage from the entry of excess water by osmosis ___ Movement of the cell ___ Proteins are modified, for example, sugars are attached to form glycoproteins ___ Many metabolic reactions, such as glycolysis, occur here ___ Allow small molecules to move between the cytoplasm of adjacent cells

g. Ribosome h. Rough ER i. j. Tight junctions Vacuole

Chapter 5: Cell membranes, transport, and cell signaling 7. What would happen to cell membranes if phospholipids were not hydrophobic? (Caroline)

8. What will happen if cells are placed in a hypertonic solution? (Sierra)

9. In one sentence, distinguish between: a. Facilitated diffusion and active transport

b. Primary active transport and secondary active transport

c. Endocytosis and exocytosis

10. How do scientists differentiate between paracrine and endocrine chemical signaling? (Kevin)

11. Compare and contrast diffusion and osmosis. How are they similar? How are they different? (Austin)

Semipermeable membrane

Solute molecules in water (pale blue)

12. What distinguishes a target cell from a cell that does not respond to a particular chemical signal?

13. What is one thing that tyrosine kinase receptors, G protein-linked receptors, and ion channel receptors have in common?

14. Which kind of chemical signal receptor acts by producing an intracellular second messenger? a. b. c. d. e. Intracellular receptor Tyrosine kinase receptor G protein-linked receptor Ion channel receptor All of these receptors produce second messengers

Chapter 6: Pathways that harvest and store chemical energy 15. How do we know that plants absorb different wavelengths of visible light? (Kevin)

16. How does hydroelectric power generation help us to understand ATP Synthesis? (Kevin)

17. Why are there two photosystems in the electron transport chain of photosynthesis? (Christian) a. Two photons of light are needed to boost the energy of an electron enough to reduce NADP+ to NADPH. b. Two photons of light are needed to boost the energy of an electron enough to produce ATP. c. Two photons of light are needed to boost the energy of an electron enough to pump H+ across a cell membrane. d. Two photons of light are needed to boost the energy of an electron enough to reduce O2 to H2O. e. Two photons of light are needed to boost the energy of an electron enough to produce O2 from H2O.

18. What are the implications of alcoholic fermentation for organisms that do it? What are implications for people? (Caroline)

19. Compare and contrast the Calvin Cycle and the Citric Acid Cycle? How are the Calvin Cycle and the Citric Acid Cycle similar? How are the Calvin Cycle and the Citric Acid Cycle different? (Sierra)