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RESILIENCY OF NAVOTAS CITY DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT

A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of Department of Public Administration College of Political Science and Public Administration Polytechnic University of the Philippines Sta. Mesa, Manila

In Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor in Public Administration and Governance

By Bautista, Ryan A. De Guzman, Ferjan Christian T. De la Torre, Earl Lewis L. Pimentel, Rehom P.

Prof. Antonius C. Umali Adviser

27 November 2013
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CERTIFICATION This thesis entitled Resiliency of Navotas City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management in Times of Calamities prepared and submitted by Ryan A. Bautista, Ferjan Christian T. de Guzman, Earl Lewis L. De La Torre, and Rehom P. Pimentel in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor in Public Administration and Governance has been examined and recommend for Oral Examination.

Prof. Antonius C. Umali Adviser APPROVAL Approved by the Panel on Oral Examination on December 2013 with the grade of_______.

Chairperson Florenda S. Frivaldo Chairman

Prof. Fidel Esteban Member

Dr. Isagani O. Sta. Maria Member

Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor in Public Administration and Governance

Dr. Sanjay P. Claudio Dean, CPSPA

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This study would not be possible without the help of Dr. Florenda S. Frivaldo, the researchers adviser for Research Methodology in Public

Administration and Prof. Antonius C. Umali, the researchers adviser for Research Writing with Defense for providing the researchers the necessary guidelines and measures in writing the thesis. The researchers would like also to acknowledge Dr. Sanjay P. Claudio, the College Dean, for giving assistance especially in the formulation of the proper questionnaire to be used in the survey. The effort of Prof. Ernest Vera-Cruz, the researchers professor in Public Policy, is also recognized for trying to influence the researchers mind in choosing a topic and for providing the researchers the concept of thesis. The researchers would also like to acknowledge Hon. Edgardo J. Ollet, the Regional Director for Office of Civil Defense National Capital Region and Senior Vice-Chairman for Metro Manila Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council, for giving assistance and for providing the recommendation letter in facilitation of the survey. In relation to this, the researchers would like also to appreciate the effort of Hon. John Reynald M. Tiangco, the City Mayor of Navotas for permitting the researchers to conduct survey in respective Barangays of Navotas City and so with Hon. Paul Ross Bryan S. Felix, the Chairman of Navotas City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council, in response to the request of the researchers to conduct a qualifying survey before the actual survey in the respective Barangays. Most of all, the help of the researchers parent is very much appreciated for providing the financial and moral support in the accomplishment of the study and,

above all, the guidance of Almighty God for making everything available and possible to the researchers.

ABSTRACT Title: Resiliency of Navotas City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management in Times of Calamities Researchers: Bautista, Ryan Asi De Guzman, Ferjan Christian T. De La Torre, Earl Lewis L. Pimentel, Rehom P. Adviser: Prof. Antonius C. Umali Institution: Polytechnic University of the Philippines Sta. Mesa, Manila Degree Program: Bachelor in Public Administration and Governance Introduction: The study is all about the implementation of plans, programs and projects of the government to its citizens especially the local government units with which is the first unit of the government to its citizenry. The study in general aims to ascertain the level of resiliency of Navotas City with regards to Disaster Risk Reduction and Management. Four main categories were being set to be used as the standard namely, Programs and Projects, Facilities, Equipments and Rescue and Reliefs. Statement of the Problem: Generally, Navotas City was being rated based on the following specifications: 1. Preparedness of Navotas City Government with regards to the implementation of their programs and projects in terms of: a. Prevention and Mitigation
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b. Preparedness c. Response d. Recovery and Rehabilitation

2. Preparedness of Navotas City Government with regards to the availability and capacity of their facilities to respond to the needs of the people.

3. Preparedness of Navotas City Government with regards to the availability and capacity of their equipments to respond to the needs of the people.

4. Preparedness of Navotas City with regards to the capacity and responsiveness of the Rescue and Relief operations in times of Calamities. Research Method: Aside from being a descriptive type of research, a research questionnaire was also formulated in lieu of the set of standards listed by NDRRMC (National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council) Summary of Findings: On the level of resiliency of Navotas City with regards to the implementation of Programs and Projects, Navotas City garnered weighted mean of 4.01 out of 5 which is equivalent to an interpretation of very satisfactory. On the other hand, in terms of the Level of Resiliency of Navotas City with regards to the availability and capacity of their Facilities to respond to the needs of the people, findings showed the weighted mean of 3.36 out of 5 which is tantamount

to satisfactory. On the level of Resiliency of Navotas City with regards to the availability and capacity of their equipments to respond to the needs of the people, the weighted mean is 3.47 out of 5 which denotes that the level of resiliency is satisfactory. Lastly, on the level of Resiliency of Navotas City with regards to the capacity and responsiveness of their Rescue and Relief, it showed a weighted mean of 4.26 out of 5 to finally show that their rescue and relief is very satisfactory. Conclusion: Based on the following findings, the researchers conclude that the level of Resiliency of Navotas City with regards to the Implementation of their Programs and Projects, are relatively capable to prevent and mitigate the possible effects of calamities with regards to casualties and damage to properties, to be prepared for the possible harmful effects, to be responsive enough in times of calamity, and to recover and rehabilitate after the calamities had struck the City. The Navotas City has provided the enough evacuation areas to the citizens where the relief goods, enough space, electricity, water supply, sanitation and other vital requirements are almost available, and there is none yet a functional hospital in the City which is now under construction. The availability and capacity of the equipments to respond to the needs of the people in times of calamity, with regards to light equipments such as power saw, generator, rubber boat, oxygen tank, tower light, command tent and other light equipments as well as the heavy equipments such as dump truck, water tanker, road graders, telescopic crane and other heavy equipments, are not absolutely available and capacitated.

The Navotas City has enough manpower to employ in times of rescue and reliefs such as the police department which is already devolved to Barangay level, the fire department is relatively capacitated and responsive to needs of the people, and the city has enough volunteers to be employed in times of relief operations. Recommendation: On the onset of conclusions, these recommendations were being formulated: First, the City shall continuously implement their existing programs and projects accompanied by efficient and effective implementation with proper fund allocation thereof; second, the City Government of Navotas shall provide additional facilities especially the hospitals since there is none yet provided with enough medical facilities and medical experts; third, additional budget shall be allocated to the Citys disaster risk reduction and management in order to purchase additi onal equipments to be used in times of calamities; fourth, further research shall be conducted for the purpose of more comprehensive Citys Disaster Risk Reduction and Management focusing on specific calamity such as earthquake, tsunamis, typhoons, storm surge, tornados and other calamities; and lastly, other local government units may replicate the existing Disaster Risk Reduction and Management of Navotas City or even improve it depending on how it suit their existing situation for the development of their own disaster preparedness measure.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page ... 1 Approval Sheet ..... 2 Acknowledgment .. 3 Abstract .. 5 Table of Contents . 9 List of Tables ... 15 List of Figures . 18 CHAPTER I Introduction . 19

Background of the Study ............. 20 Conceptual Framework ..... 27 Theoretical Framework .. 28 Statement of the Problem . 31 Significance of the Study .. 32 Scope and Limitation ..... 33 Definition of Terms . 35

CHAPTER II

Review of Related Literatures and Studies 37

Foreign Literatures . 37 Foreign Studies .. 39 Local Literatures 48 Local Studies .. 52

Synthesis and Relevance to the Study ... 63

CHAPTER III

Research Design and Methodology .... 65

Research Design .... 65 Sampling Technique .. 66 Population and Respondents of the Study . 66 Locale of the Study .... 67 Instrumentation ... 67 Data Gathering Procedure .... 69 Statistical Tool .... 70 Statistical Treatment of Data .... 71

CHAPTER IV

Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data .... 73

Table 1 Data Gathered with Regards to the Implementation of their Programs and Projects under the Category of Prevention and Mitigation in Terms of Regular Declogging of Drainage and Canals 73 Table 2 Data Gathered with Regards to the Implementation of their Programs and Projects under the Category of Prevention and Mitigation in Terms of Dredging and Desilting Activities in Coordination with other Agencies 74

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Table 3 Data Gathered with Regards to the Implementation of their Programs and Projects under the Category of Prevention and Mitigation in Terms of Proper Waste Disposal .. 74 Table 4 Data Gathered with Regards to the Implementation of their Programs and Projects under the Category of Preparedness in Terms of Identification of Appropriate Location for Food Preparation .... 75 Table 5 Data Gathered with Regards to the Implementation of their Programs and Projects under the Category of Preparedness in Terms of City wide Community-based Early Warning System. 76 Table 6 Data Gathered with Regards to the Implementation of their Programs and Projects under the Category of Preparedness in Terms of Provision of Whistle, Flashlight and Compass .. 76 Table 7 Data Gathered with Regards to the Implementation of their Programs and Projects under the Category of Preparedness in Terms of Public Information Dissemination 77 Table 8 Data Gathered with Regards to the Implementation of their Programs and Projects under the Category of Preparedness in Terms of Trainings and Seminars on Calamity Preparedness 78 Table 9 Data Gathered with Regards to the Implementation of their Programs and Projects under the Category of Response in Terms of Proper Documentation of Damage, Needs, and Assessment . 79 Table 10 Data Gathered with Regards to the Implementation of their Programs and Projects under the Category of Recovery and

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Rehabilitation in Terms of Coordination with Neighboring Local Governments Regarding Rivers and Roads Clean-up Drives. 79 Table 11 Data Gathered with Regards to the Implementation of their Programs and Projects under the Category of Recovery and Rehabilitation in Terms of Stress Debriefing for the Community and Government Employee Involved .. 80 Table 12 Data Gathered with Regards to the Availability and Capacity of their Facilities in Terms of Evacuation Centers.. 81 Table 13 Data Gathered with Regards to the Availability and Capacity of their Facilities in Terms of Hospitals ... 81 Table 14 Data Gathered with Regards to the Availability and Capacity of their Equipments in Terms of Light Equipments (Like power saw, Generator, Rubber Boat, Oxygen Tank, Tower Light, Command Tent, etc.) ... 82 Table 15 Data Gathered with Regards to the Availability and Capacity of their Equipments in Terms of Heavy Equipments ( Like dump truck, Water Tanker, Road Graders, Telescopic Ring, etc.)... 83 Table 16 Data Gathered with Regards to the Capacity and Responsiveness of their Rescue and Relief in Terms of their Police Department.. 84 Table 17 Data Gathered with Regards to the Capacity and Responsiveness of their Rescue and Relief in Terms of their Fire

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Department ..84 Table 18 Data Gathered with Regards to the Capacity and Responsiveness of their Rescue and Relief in Terms of their Rescuers/Volunteers. .85 Table 19 Data Gathered with Regards to Programs and Projects in Terms of Prevention

Mitigation.86 Table 20 Data Gathered with Regards to Programs and Projects in Terms of

Preparedness.8 6 Table 21 Data Gathered with Regards to Programs and Projects in Terms of

Response8 7 Table 22 Data Gathered with Regards to Programs and Projects in Terms of Recovery and

Rehabilitation....87 Table 23 Data Gathered with Regards to Programs and Projects in Terms of Prevention Mitigation, Preparedness, Response and Recovery and

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Rehabilitation.. 88 Table 24 Data Gathered with Regards to

Facilities..89 Table 25 Data Gathered with Regards to

Equipments.89 Table 26 Data Gathered with Regards to Rescue and

Relief.90 Table 27 Data Gathered with Regards to Programs and Projects, Facilities, Equipments and Rescue and

Relief..90 Table 28 Ranking of the Perceived Suggestions and

Recommendations by the Fourteen Barangays of the City for the Betterment of their Disaster Risk Reduction

Management91

CHAPTER V

Summary of Findings, Conclusions, and

Recommendations..92 Summary of Findings ....92 Conclusions ....94 Recommendations

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....95

Bibliography ...97

Appendices... 100 A Copy of RA 10121 ...101 B Request Letter to NDRRMC....139 C Request Letter to Navotas City ..141 D Endorsement Letter from Metro Manila DRRMC ...143 E NDRRMC Assessment Tool ...144 F Survey Questionnaire ..150 G Navotas City Map 153 H Navotas City Profile .....156

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I Curriculum Vitae ....157 Bautista, Ryan A. .157 De Guzman, Ferjan Christian T. ...158 De La Torre, Earl Lewis L. .159 Pimentel, Rehom P. ....160

List of Tables

Table 1 Data Gathered with Regards to the Implementation of their Programs and Projects under the Category of Prevention and Mitigation in Terms of Regular Declogging of Drainage and Canals Table 2 Data Gathered with Regards to the Implementation of their Programs and Projects under the Category of Prevention and Mitigation in Terms of Dredging and Desilting Activities in Coordination with other Agencies Table 3 Data Gathered with Regards to the Implementation of their Programs and Projects under the Category of Prevention and Mitigation in Terms of Proper Waste Disposal

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Table 4 Data Gathered with Regards to the Implementation of their Programs and Projects under the Category of Preparedness in Terms of Identification of Appropriate Location for Food Preparation Table 5 Data Gathered with Regards to the Implementation of their Programs and Projects under the Category of Preparedness in Terms of City wide Community-based Early Warning System Table 6 Data Gathered with Regards to the Implementation of their Programs and Projects under the Category of Preparedness in Terms of Provision of Whistle, Flashlight and Compass Table 7 Data Gathered with Regards to the Implementation of their Programs and Projects under the Category of Preparedness in Terms of Public Information Dissemination Table 8 Data Gathered with Regards to the Implementation of their Programs and Projects under the Category of Preparedness in Terms of Trainings and Seminars on Calamity Preparedness Table 9 Data Gathered with Regards to the Implementation of their Programs and Projects under the Category of Response in Terms of Proper

Documentation of Damage, Needs, and Assessment Table 10 Data Gathered with Regards to the Implementation of their Programs and Projects under the Category of Recovery and Rehabilitation in Terms of Coordination with Neighboring Local Governments Regarding Rivers and Roads Clean-up Drives

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Table 11 Data Gathered with Regards to the Implementation of their Programs and Projects under the Category of Recovery and Rehabilitation in Terms of Stress Debriefing for the Community and Government Employee Involved Table 12 Data Gathered with Regards to the Availability and Capacity of their Facilities in Terms of Evacuation Centers Table 13 Data Gathered with Regards to the Availability and Capacity of their Facilities in Terms of Hospitals Table 14 Data Gathered with Regards to the Availability and Capacity of their Equipments in Terms of Light Equipments (Like power saw, Generator, Rubber Boat, Oxygen Tank, Tower Light, Command Tent, etc.) Table 15 Data Gathered with Regards to the Availability and Capacity of their Equipments in Terms of Heavy Equipments ( Like dump truck, Water Tanker, Road Graders, Telescopic Ring, etc.) Table 16 Data Gathered with Regards to the Capacity and Responsiveness of their Rescue and Relief in Terms of their Police Department Table 17 Data Gathered with Regards to the Capacity and Responsiveness of their Rescue and Relief in Terms of their Fire Department Table 18 Data Gathered with Regards to the Capacity and Responsiveness of their Rescue and Relief in Terms of their Rescuers/Volunteers Table 19 Data Gathered with Regards to Programs and Projects in Terms of Prevention Mitigation Table 20 Data Gathered with Regards to Programs and Projects in Terms of Preparedness

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Table 21 Data Gathered with Regards to Programs and Projects in Terms of Response Table 22 Data Gathered with Regards to Programs and Projects in Terms of Recovery and Rehabilitation Table 23 Data Gathered with Regards to Programs and Projects in Terms of Prevention Mitigation, Preparedness, Response and Recovery and Rehabilitation Table 24 Data Gathered with Regards to Facilities Table 25 Data Gathered with Regards to Equipments Table 26 Data Gathered with Regards to Rescue and Relief Table 27 Data Gathered with Regards to Programs and Projects, Facilities, Equipments and Rescue and Relief Table 28 Ranking of the Perceived Suggestions and Recommendations by the Fourteen Barangays of the City for the Betterment of their Disaster Risk Reduction Management List of Figures Figure 1 Conceptual Framework

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CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction In the world of ours, there are different mysteries or phenomena that happen in our everyday lives. We cannot assume that our life is safe even if we're inside home. There is still the presence of danger and disturbance not only from those perpetrators but also from our surroundings most likely from our nature. There is

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what we call the revenge of nature. What we did to our environment will be reflected back to us. From the beginning of time, different catastrophes had struck not only the face of the earth but also its darkest sides. Since creatures are living to the parts of the earth that are livable, mankind took the chance of recording and studying these natural phenomena in order to at least lessen the destruction that it may bring to mankind. In the advent of 1950s, these natural phenomena became more rapid because of the climate change in cause of greenhouse effect that is emitted through the depletion of Ozone layer in the southern hemisphere. Even those places that have been hit by typhoon then are now getting worse because of these destructive disasters and changing calamities. Until now, typhoons, earthquakes and flash floods are very prone and these are sending thousands or even millions of individual to death and damage to properties as well. Truly, we are now in the state of over reactive nature which urges drastic calamities. In the Philippines, we are struggling hard every year to fight such natural calamities like typhoons and flash floods that often resulted to failure and bring a high average of death and destruction to mankind.

Background of the Study Over the years, the Philippines had been devastated by strong typhoons which led to massive flooding in low lying areas particularly in the cities of Metro Manila. As time passed by, these typhoons got stronger and stronger that even the

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prepared citizens were shocked by the catastrophic damage it brought about. Because of this, the national government and different local government units were alarmed. At this state, disaster preparedness for risk reduction is required in order to address the problem. On the 26th of September 2009 at about 6:00 pm, Typhoon Ondoy hit Metro Manila and dumped one month's rainfall in less than 24 hours. Along with flooding along other river systems, 80 percent of the National Capital Region became flooded and 25 nearby provinces were flooded. In Metro Manila alone, 20 feet (6.1 m) of dirty water forced people to evacuate their homes. By the 30th of September at least 450,000 inhabitants had been displaced, with at last 380,000 forced into makeshift shelters. Two hundred forty six people were reported dead. It is believed that blocked pipes and a poorly maintained sewerage system, along with uncollected domestic waste, were major contributory factors in the speed with which the flood waters were able to engulf the surrounding area. A State of National Calamity was declared by President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, and a task force was set up to rescue the inhabitants, however the government was forced to admit that resources were in short supply, and called for world assistance. After all, good efforts have been made to make the drainage system better for the whole city by fixing the sewers together with the new trademarked "Red Sidewalks". This is the worst storm on record that Metro Manila has experienced since 1967. On 24th of June 2011, heavy rains of Severe Tropical Storm Meari affected Luzon including Metro Manila. The water level in Marikina River reached its critical level, flooding beside its riverbanks, just near along the river. Fortunately, the water

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level did not reach its higher banks, into the streets and communities. No casualties were reported but the mud and debris from the river was left by overflowed riverbanks. On 27th of September 2011, Typhoon Pedring dumped heavy rains like Ondoy over Luzon including Metro Manila and nearby provinces. Marikina's water level reached a higher level than 24 June 2011, reaching 20.1 meters (66 ft) by 5pm. The flood submerged houses in several Barangays of Marikina City and San Mateo. SM Marikina Basement Parking submerged in muddy water. No deaths were recorded in Marikina, but in San Mateo, there is one. The day after, the Marikina River returned in critical level. On 29 September 2011, 5 am, water subsided in the banks of the river and the residents started to clean. Six o'clock in the morning, water reaches the 15.2 meters. Although located hundreds of kilometers away from the Philippines, the southerly flow from Typhoon Haikui enhanced the southwest monsoon across much of Luzon. As a result, widespread heavy rains impacted regions still recovering from deadly floods triggered by Typhoon Saola less than a week earlier. During a 22 hour span from 67 August, 687 mm (27.0 in) of rain fell in parts of Metro Manila, leading local media to compare the event to Typhoon Ketsana in 2009, which killed 464 in the city. Some of the most severe flooding took place along the Marikina River, which swelled to near-record levels. During the afternoon of 7 August, the river reached a height of 20.6 m (68 ft), well beyond the flood level of 16 m (52 ft) and about 3 m (9.8 ft) below the record level set during Typhoon Ketsana. About 70 percent of Metro Manila was affected by flooding. Some areas were submerged

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in up to 3 m (9.8 ft). Due to the expanding floods, officials in the city evacuated more than 23,000 residents from flood-prone areas and relocated them to shelters set up across the area. According to a reporter from the British Broadcasting Corporation, many residents were reluctant to leave their belongings behind, and some traveled back through flood waters to retrieve their belongings. Officials feared the flooding could worsen as the La Mesa Dam continued to overflow at the time. At least nine people were killed and four others were injured in a landslide in Quezon City. More than fifty people died on this day. This was the worst rain in non-direct typhoon or tropical storm on record that Metro Manila has experienced since 2009, surpassing the accumulated amount of rain brought by Typhoon Ketsana. The 2012 Philippine Floods, informally known as

Typhoon Habagat (monsoon), was an 8-day period of intense raining and thunder storms in the Philippines from August 1 to August 8, 2012. It affected particularly the National Capital Region, the provinces and of the the CALABARZON Region, Region 3,

namely, Quezon, Cavite, Laguna and Rizal,

provinces of

namely, Bulacan, Pampanga and Bataan. It is not actually a typhoon, but a strong movement of the Southwest Monsoon (Tagalog: Habagat) caused by the pull of the Typhoon Saola (Gener) from August 1 to August 3 and was further enhanced and strengthened by the Typhoon Haikui. However, it is often considered as a typhoon because of the damage it caused, which is yet the heaviest damage done by intense raining since the intense raining in September 2009, when Typhoon Ketsana hit Metro Manila. The intense, nonstop rains caused the Marikina River to overflow, and destroyed the same places that were ruined by Typhoon Ketsana in 2009. Moreover,

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it also caused a landslide in the Commonwealth Area, and also caused the collapse of the North bound side of the Marcos Highway. The damage was almost as massive as Typhoon Ketsana, although there is no typhoon when the heavy rains reached its peak in August 7. Due to the storm-like damage it had caused, the period from August 18 was also referred to as, Ang Hagupit ng Habagat(The Wrath of the Monsoon) and also the Bagsik ng Habagat (Worst of Monsoon). The intense flooding and raining it caused left 95 people dead and 8,428 homes destroyed and 6,706 damaged. Losses throughout the country amounted to at least 604.63 million (US$14.31 million). The enactment of Republic Act 10121 otherwise known as the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010 has laid the basis for a paradigm shift from just disaster preparedness and response to disaster risk reduction and management (DRRM).The National DRRM Plan serves as the national guide on how sustainable development can be achieved through inclusive growth while building the adaptive capacities of communities; increasing the resilience of vulnerable sectors; and optimizing disaster mitigation opportunities with the end in view of promoting peoples welfare and security towards gender responsive and rights-based sustainable development. Over the past several years, the country has gained a lot of attention and momentum in the area of disaster risk reduction. Numerous projects and activities have been undertaken by various Philippine stakeholders and agencies in DRRM. However, sustaining the positive results and scaling them up to effect rippling positive changes in the lives of the people have been constant challenges. Threats

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remain; Disasters and peoples risk to disasters are still present. This is because the underlying cause of peoples vulnerability has yet to be fully recognized and addressed. For years, DRR has focused more on efforts around disaster preparedness and response and not so much in identifying the hazard-prone areas and other factors which contribute to peoples exposure to disasters; incorporating risk analysis to development plans; building peoples capacities towards sustainable livelihood options; and the like. Although DRR has been gaining attention among peoples and institutions, complete paradigm shift from disasters as an immedi ate product of hazards to disasters as a function of peoples vulnerability has not yet fully happened. Also, converging DRR and CCA remains to be a challenge, both in understanding, mainstreaming into plans and policies, including institutional mechanisms. Lastly, gaps in terms of increased knowledge, understanding and capacities remain and cause a big challenge for the country in terms of DRRM. The NDRRMP outlines the activities aimed at strengthening the capacity of the national government and the local government units (LGUs) together with partner stakeholders, to build the disaster resilience of communities and to institutionalize arrangements and measures for reducing disaster risks, including projected climate risks and enhancing disaster preparedness and response capabilities at all levels. It highlights, among others, the importance of mainstream DRRM and CCA in the development processes such as policy formulation, socioeconomic development planning, budgeting and governance particularly in the area of environment, agriculture, water, energy, health, education, poverty reduction,

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land-use and urban planning and public infrastructure and housing among others. Mainstreaming also puts to forth the need to develop common tools to analyze the various hazards and vulnerability factors which put our communities and people into harms. The NDRRMP also highlights the need for institutionalizing DRRM policies, structures, coordination mechanisms and programs with continuing budget appropriation on DRR from national down to local levels. Through permanent mechanisms, competency and science-based capacity building activities can be done, alongside the nurturing of continuous learning through knowledge

development and management of good DRRM practices on the ground. Last but not least, the NDRRMC adheres to the principles of good governance within the context of poverty alleviation and environmental protection. It is about partnerships and workings together engaging the participation of CSOs, the private sector and volunteers in the governments DRRM programs towards complementation of resources and effective delivery of services to the citizenry. As of now, with respect to the initiative of the government to address the issue of disaster preparedness throughout the country, the project NOAH or the Nationwide Operational Assessment of Hazards of the Department of Science and Technology is launched. It is the national governments newest project designed to serve as sentinel that will address the serious challenges brought by extreme hazard events. The said project aims to give local government units; private companies and individuals information that can help them make informed decisions in times of disasters. It has seven components designed to address major needs in disaster situations.

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These include hydrometer sensors development, DREAM-Lidar, FloodNET, hazards information media, landslide hazards mapping, Doppler system development, and storm surge inundation mapping.

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INPUT Programs and projects of Navotas City on Disaster Preparedness o Prevention and Mitigation o Preparedness o Response o Recovery and Rehabilitation

PROCESS

OUTPUT

o o Questionnaire

Effective implementation of their programs and projects;

o Facilities use to respond in times of Calamities o Evacuation Areas o Hospitals

Survey

Availability and capacity of their facilities to respond to the needs of the people;

Dialogue with the Navotas City DRRMO personnel o Availability and capacity of their equipments to respond to the needs of the people;

Equipments use to respond in times of Calamities o Heavy Equipments o Light Equipments

Physical Site Survey and Photographic Record o Capacity and responsiveness of the Rescue and Relief Operations in times of Calamities.

Rescue and reliefs operations in times of Calamities o Police Department o Fire Department o Rescuer/ Volunteer

Key informant Interviews

FEEDBACK

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Figure 1. Conceptual Framework Theoretical Framework This study is in accordance with the mandate of Republic Act No. 10121 also known as "Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010". On the section 11 of the said Act, it states that there shall be City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council. The council is mandated to approve, monitor, and evaluate the implementation of the Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plans and regularly review and test the plan consistent with other national and local planning programs; ensure the integration of disaster risk and climate change adaptation into local development plans, programs and budgets as strategy in sustainable development and poverty reduction. Aside from the two, CDRRMC is also required to recommend the implementation of forced or preemptive evacuation of local residents if necessary; and lastly, convene the local council once every three (3) months or as necessary. Section 12 (c) of the act further provides for the specific functions of the City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office to be performed with impartiality as the condition may require due to disaster particularly typhoons and floods. The office shall consolidate local disaster risk information which includes natural hazards, vulnerabilities, and climate change risk reduction and management at the local level; operate a multi hazard early warning system, linked to risk reduction to provide accurate and timely advice to national or local emergency response organizations and to the general public, diverse mass media, particularly radio, landline communications and technologies for communication within rural communities;

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formulate and implement a comprehensive and integrated LDRRMP in accordance with the national, regional and provincial framework and policies on disaster risk reduction in close coordination with the local development councils (LDCs); conduct continuous disaster monitoring and mobilize instrumentalities and entities of the LGUs, CSOs, private groups and organized volunteers, to utilize their facilities and resources for the protection and preservation of life; properties during emergencies in accordance with existing policies and procedures. Furthermore, section 12 empowers the CDRRMO to identify, assess, and manage the hazard vulnerabilities and risks that may occur in their locality. It also requires them to disseminate information and raise public awareness about those hazards, vulnerabilities and risks, their nature, effects, early warning signs and counter-measures; maintain a database of human resource, equipment, directories, and location of critical infrastructures and their capacities such as hospitals and evacuation centers; and recommend through the LDRRMC the enactment of local ordinances consistent with the requirements of this act. The above cited powers are provided to uphold t he peoples constitutional rights to life and property by addressing the root causes of vulnerabilities to disasters. Moreover, it recognize the local risk patterns across the country and to strengthen the capacity of LGUs for disaster risk reduction and management through decentralized powers, responsibilities, and resources at the regional and local levels. Overall, Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management act of 2010 is promulgated to ensure that the government agencies and LGUs give top priority and take adequate and appropriate measures in disaster risk reduction and

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management. Aside from R.A 10121, this study is also based on the idea of Anticipatory Government stating that prevention is better than cure. This is one of the ten principles of Reinventing Government advanced by Osborne and Gaebler in 1992 which makes use of business model prescriptions for government using private sector innovation, resources, and organizational ideas to improve the public sector. As it says, prevention rather than cure, LGUs particularly City government of Navotas must be able to provide a holistic, comprehensive, integrated, and proactive disaster risk reduction and management approach in lessening the socioeconomic and environmental impacts of disasters for the safety and security of life and property of all its citizens. A disaster preparedness plan is needed to make all citizens capable, to adhere to the challenges brought about by typhoons and floods. Preparedness measures and techniques will lessen and prevent any further damage from such calamities.

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Statement of the Problem This study aims to assess the capacity of Navotas City Disaster Risk Reduction Management based on the framework, or guidelines and standards set by the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council. Specifically, this sought to answer the following questions: 1. What is the level of satisfaction of the respondents on the performance of Navotas City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management in implementation of their programs and projects on the following areas: 1.1 Prevention and Mitigation; 1.2 Preparedness; 1.3 Response; and 1.4 Recovery and Rehabilitation 2. What is the level of satisfaction of the respondents on the adequacy of the equipments and facilities of the Navotas City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management? 3. What is the level of responsiveness of the Rescue and Relief of Navotas City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management in times of calamities on the following areas: 3.1 Police Department 3.2 Fire Department 3.3 Rescuer/Volunteer 3.4 Barangay 4. What are the programs and projects which can be recommended for the

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betterment of the Navotas City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management?

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Significance of the Study This Study will be of great help to the citizens of Navotas, being known as the Catch Basin of Metro Manila, in order for them to be more prepared when floods occur on their area on the onslaught of a typhoon. Such preparedness will lead them to be more secured for themselves, families, love ones and properties as well. In addition to this, the City Government of Navotas will be able to know the necessary adjustments they must perform on their disaster preparedness measures and techniques so that it will be more effective and responsive to the needs of their community. As the local government whose prime duty is to serve and protect its people, it is a must that the way of the city government of Navotas in dealing with typhoons and floods are truly effective, for this natural calamity has a big effort into the lives and properties of the citizens. When the assessment has proven that Navotas Citys capability to cope up with typhoons and floods is really effective, it is recommendable that it can be replicated by other local government units. In such way, they can be as prepared as Navotas City and they can even still improve it for their benefit. The study will enable the authorities in the city to lessen the casualty during a typhoon and even make it to zero. Furthermore, damage to property will be lessening as well. In times of typhoons and floods, it is a mandate that everybody is prepared. As a model city, Navotas Citys disaster preparedness measures and techniques must be effective and responsive for it to be able to save the lives and properties of its citizens. Such effectiveness and responsiveness will be determined through this

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study.

Scope and Limitation This study is limited on the determination of the level of resiliency of Navotas City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management in times of Calamities especially on the delivery of service to the people. A pre-survey was conducted on November 22, 2013 to the selected citizens of Navotas City with twenty five respondents chosen randomly in order to test the accuracy, appropriateness and reliability of the questionnaires. In relation to this, the researchers found that the ordinary citizens are not qualified to be the respondents because most of them are not aware to the existing programs and projects of the City. If the researchers would still use the ordinary citizens as the respondents in determining the resiliency of the City, it would lead to the bias or misappropriate result because of the ignorance to their Citys disaster preparedness measure. The gathering of information from the City Government of Navotas on the their Disaster Risk Reduction Management Office, using an assessment tool provided by the Office of the Civil Defense, National Capital Region Metropolitan Manila, National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council, which serves a qualifying survey, was conducted on October 29, 2013 in order to determine their programs and project, the adequacy of their facilities to respond to the victims of calamities, the availability and capacity of their equipments, the responsiveness of their rescue and relief operation and their capability to recover and rehabilitate in times of calamities.

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The researchers also gathered information in the form of survey questionnaire on the same day to the Officials of respective Barangays in Navotas City namely San Rafael Village, North Bay Blvd. South, North Bay Blvd. North, Bangculasi, Bagumbayan South, Bagumbayan North, Navotas West, Navotas East, SipacAlmacen, San Jose, Daanghari, San Roque, Tangos, and Tanza, being the heads of every Barangay who have the absolute knowledge regarding the Citys action for disaster preparedness, which also, in the same manner, represent their constituent, as the respondents to the City Governments Preparedness measure in order to measure their level of satisfaction to the said measures in validation of recently conducted qualifying survey.

Definition of Terms

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The following terms are defined according to their operational use in the conduct of the study: Calamities This refers to natural disasters like typhoons, floods and earthquakes, tsunamis, and others. Efficiency This refers to the capability of the Navotas City Government to implement their programs and projects regarding disaster preparedness responsibly obtaining the best services with the limited resources. Effectiveness This refers to the capability of the Navotas City Government to properly implement their programs and projects regarding disaster preparedness. Preparedness This refers to preventive measures that should be undertaken before natural calamities occur and the feasibility of such policies to the citizens. Availability This refers to the resources that can be used and consumed in times of emergency and relief. Facilities This refers to structures that can be used and in times of emergency and relief. Equipments This refers to materials that can be used and consumed in times of emergency, rescue and relief. Disaster Risk Reduction and Management This refers to the systematic approach to deal with natural calamities and disasters, how to prevent or lessen the damage and how to accommodate the casualties. Resiliency refers to the capability of Navotas City Government Disaster Risk Reduction and Management, with regards to their programs and projects, to prevent and mitigate the possible harmful effects of calamities, to be prepared for the

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possible effects of calamities before reaching the city, to be responsive to the harmful effects or damages brought by the calamities, and to rehabilitate and recover after the calamities had struck the city; the adequacy of facilities and equipments of Navotas City Government to respond in times of calamities; and the responsiveness of the police department, fire department and volunteers to act in times of calamities. Excellent the rating given when all the programs and projects for disaster preparedness are operating and the implementation of such is outstanding Very Satisfactory the rating given when most of the programs and projects for disaster preparedness are operating and the citizens are very satisfied with its implementation Satisfactory the rating given when the existing programs and projects for disaster preparedness are just enough and the citizens are satisfied with its implementation Poor the rating given when the programs and projects for disaster preparedness are not enough thus, the citizens are not satisfied with its implementation Very Poor the rating given when the programs and projects for disaster preparedness are absolutely not being implemented.

CHAPTER II

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REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES AND STUDIES

Foreign Literatures Over the years, different parts of the world had been victims of natural calamities. Almost all parts of the world witnessed how massive the destruction would be when the force of nature takes its arms against the citizens. Since then, different nations have allot their resources and effort on how they can make themselves prepared so that the negative impacts of such disasters will be lessened or even prevented. This issue has been crucial since then, for it involves both the life and property of every citizen. As its prime duty to serve and protect the people, every government of such country should undertake measures to prepare their citizens so that they can cope up with such disasters. Such preparedness measure involves the establishment of evacuation sites, packing up relief goods, and emergency rescue response teams. All of these factors are essential for an effective disaster risk reduction and management. Even though a disaster preparedness plan had been established, still, massive disaster can prevail. Thus, the effectiveness of the disaster preparedness and techniques should be given the top priority. As in the case of Taiwan in 2001, where it had been struck by two powerful and intensifying typhoons, Nari and Toraji, hundreds of people were left dead and over 1,700 people were left homeless. The government of Taiwan, despite of its disaster measures and preparedness skills, were left helpless at all because of poor coordination within each branches that holds the responsibility of keeping its citizens

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safe and sound within such disasters that may occur. As a result, after the occurrence of the two typhoons, they immediately initiate to reform their policy regarding disaster preparedness and management. They in turn give emphasis in empowering basic communities to train them in responding in such calamities and disasters. They somehow realized that by disseminating these functions to the community, it would give more resistance to reduce the fatality and destruction of such calamity. In the United States, the devastating Hurricane Katrina is the worst disaster ever struck in economical basis. With a whooping $200 Billion of economic loss, 1,200 fatalities and evacuees in all 50 states, it is quite difficult to believe that although they have an impressive master disaster management plan, the risk and the destruction would even more worsen. Bureaucracy, meet catastrophe. The generalization of this was that no matter how complex your management planning is all about, it all entails to the effectiveness of it. The results of disaster management all relies to the efficiency of contingency planning and the decision-making processes of those people involved in the management procedure. In line with this, US Government improved more of their information dissemination about such possibilities including the more updated weather data and forecast for such calamities and disaster. The very important matter here is citizens participation and the willingness to rely its safety and security to the authority. Meanwhile, the Super Typhoon Usagi last September 2013 gave Hong Kong atleast 25 fatalities in the Province of Guangdong only and hundreds of evacuees.

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The storm track of the typhoon should have been tracked down to Mainland China but the typhoon changed its path heading to Hong Kong. It really means to say that even if there is the forecasts made by such Meteorological agencies, preparedness and alertness measures should be the prime responsibility. For the record, Cyclone Nargis, the deadliest Cyclone ever recorded in the North Indian Ocean Basin, leaving almost 200,000 deaths and up to $ 10 Billion damage to property put the issue of Climate Change that was became visible in the early 1970s to brought the issue of Global warming in a global perspective. Lastly, in the case of 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, the government should shoulder a policy on effective and efficient mobilization of information and communication in order to enhance the disaster preparedness and management plan. Contingency planning should also be at stake in order to foster a vibrant and cooperative manner in which every part of the organizational plot of response and retrieval could be achieved.

Foreign Studies The massive effects of disaster have been a problem throughout the whole world. Several studies had been done and continuous research to address such phenomenon had been conducted. Probability assessment of flood and sediment disasters in Japan using the Total Runoff-Integrating Pathways model To address many of the problems faced in hydrological engineering planning, design, and management, a detailed knowledge of flood event characteristics, such

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as flood peak, volume, and duration is required. Flood frequency analysis often focuses on flood peak values and provides a limited assessment of flood events. To develop effective flood management and mitigation policies, estimation of the scale of potential disasters, incorporating the effects of social factors and climate conditions, is required along with quantitative measures of flood frequency. The Japanese flood risk index, the flood disaster occurrence probability (FDOP), was established based on both natural and social factors. It represents the expectation of damage in the case of a single flood occurrence, which is estimated by integrating a physical-based approach as a Total Runoff Integrating Pathways (TRIP) model with Gumbel distribution metrics. The resulting equations are used to predict potential flood damage based on gridded Japanese data for independent variables. This approach is novel in that it targets floods based on units of events instead of a longterm trend. Moreover, the FDOP can express relative potential flood risk while considering flood damage. The significance of the present study is that both the hazard parameters (which contribute directly to flood occurrence) and vulnerability parameters (which reflect conditions of the region where the flood occurred), including residential and social characteristics, were shown quantitatively to affect flood damage. This study examined the probability of flood disaster occurrence using the TRIP model for Japan (J-TRIP), a river routing scheme that provides a digital river network covering Japan. The analysis was based on floods from 1976 to 2004 associated with flood inundation and sediment disasters. Based on these results, we estimated the probability of flood damage officially reported for the whole

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region of Japan at a grid interval of 0.1 degrees. The relationship between the magnitude of the rain hazard expressed as the probability of exceedance and the probability of flood damage officially reported was expressed as an exponential function by equalizing the whole region of Japan based on excess probability. Moreover, the probabilities of flood damage occurrence according to social factors and changes in climate conditions were also examined. The probability of flood damage occurrence is high, especially in regions of high population density. The results also showed the effect of the dam maintenance ratio on extreme flooding and flood damage frequency. The probability of flood damage occurrence was expected to increase during extreme weather events at the end of this century. These findings provide a sound foundation for use in catchment water resources management. Community Base Disaster Risk Management in India Creating awareness is the most challenging, when dealing with a multilingual, multi-cultural population with varying levels of literacy. However in doing so it is crucial for strengthening the capacity by improving infrastructure and providing trainings to people, and finally marshalling resources of every kind to cope with natural or human-induced hazards and to prevent them from turning into disasters. In the pursuit of this objective, a steering committee was constituted at the national level by the Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India, with representation of experts from a diverse stream of communication including advertising and media. Under the Government of India - United Nation Development Program Disaster Risk Management Programme, the states have evolved specific awareness campaign strategies involving multiple media. Some of the initiatives have been fairly intensive.

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Awareness Strategies Holistic disaster management necessitates multistakeholder approach involving all segments of society. Apart from the print and electronic media, places with high public visibility such as hospitals, schools, airports, railway stations, bus terminals, post offices, commercial complexes and municipality offices are being used to spread the desired messages among the common masses on the need to adopt and integrate disaster risk reduction measures to secure their lives, livelihoods and property as sine qua non for comprehensive disaster risk reduction. Slides in cinema halls are being shown regularly for mass awareness and for taking up various steps against earthquake risks. Information, Education and Communication In order to assist the State Governments in capacity building and awareness generation activities and to learn from past experiences including sharing of best practices, the Ministry of Home Affairs has compiled/prepared a set of resource materials developed by various organizations/institutions to be replicated and disseminated by State Governments based on their vulnerabilities after translating it into the local languages. The voluminous material which runs into about 10000 pages has been divided into 4 broad sections in 7 volumes. These sections cover planning to cope with disasters; education and training; construction toolkit; and information, education and communication toolkit including multi-media resources on disaster mitigation and preparedness. The Planning section contains material for analyzing a communitys risk, development of Preparedness, Mitigation and disaster management plans, coordinating available resources and implementing measures

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for risk reduction. Model bye-laws, DM Policy, Act and model health sector plan have also been included. Education and Training includes material for capacity building and upgradation of skills of policy makers, administrators, trainers, engineers etc. in planning for and mitigating against natural disasters. Basic and detailed training modules in disaster preparedness have been incorporated along with training methodologies for trainers, for community preparedness and manuals for training at district, block, and village levels. For creating a disaster-resistant building environment, the Construction Toolkit addresses the issue of seismic resistant construction and retrofitting of existing buildings. BIS Codes, manuals and guidelines for RCC, Masonry and other construction methodologies as also for repair and retrofitting of masonry and low-rise buildings have been included. The IEC material seeks to generate awareness to induce mitigation and preparedness measures for risk reduction. Material and strategies used by various States and international organizations, including tips on different hazards, have been incorporated along with multi-media CDs on disasters. The material has been disseminated to all the State Governments/UT Administrations with the request to have the relevant material, based on the vulnerability of each district, culled out, translated into local languages and disseminate widely down to the village level. Folk Troupes Reaching out to the rural population and in a way they can best comprehend is the main challenge Disaster Risk Reduction in Southern Africa of communication.

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The very purpose of communication is to simplify the information and make people understand. The challenge comes when you are dealing with the rural population with a very high level of illiteracy. In the rural areas of Uttar Pradesh (UP), such as Gorakhpur, Siddhant Nagar, Bahraich, Gazipur, Deoria, Rampur, Gonda, Balrampur and Saharanpur, the literacy level is only 42% as against the national average of 65%. The Disaster Management Authority of UP decided to turn to local media to inform, educate and entertain people. Various training programme of local troupes was organized and puppet shows, magic shows, and street plays (locally called as nukkad natak), were performed by these local troupes in different places. These troupes through the medium of traditional folk forms and in the local dialect made people aware of various issues related to disaster management. In addition, the cadence of ancient folk songs was used to convey new, crucial messages of safety when dealing with disasters. These songs were composed in local languages such as Hindi, Bhojpuri, Bundelkhandi and Awadhi. Supported by the District Administration, the folk troupes fan out through the rural and semi-urban areas of the state, creating awareness about disaster preparedness and mitigation. The songs and skits of these troupes have also been compiled into a manual for wider dissemination. Indeed, translation of the manual into other languages, would aid in spreading awareness about disaster management techniques in rural and semiurban areas throughout the country. Agriculture Fair, Maharashtra An Agriculture Fair, with a demonstration of earth quake construction

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structures is organized every year in Satara district in Maharashtra and is visited by several lakhs of people including both rural as well as urban population. In rural areas earthquake resistant features are hardly used in houses, due to lack of awareness and expertise. In order to create awareness amongst the masses, a demonstration unit depicting earthquake resistant features and a stall is set up in the Agriculture fair. Through the stalls and the demonstration unit, visitors are not only exposed to the earthquake resistant features, but are also explained that usage of this technology is cost effective too. National Service Scheme Volunteers The NSS volunteers are active in Maharashtra as they carry out Information Education Communication (IEC) activities on various social themes. A street play on disaster awareness covering both natural (flood, earthquake, cyclone) as well as human-induced (road accidents and fire) disasters and also capturing information about five methods of handling the injured persons, has been prepared in Ratnagiri district, Maharashtra by involving NSS volunteers and by using local musical instruments. The play also gives information about the district disaster helpline number 1077 and dos and donts related to various disasters. This play has been enacted at 22 places, including bus stops, government offices and various other public places. Public Transport System One of the key initiatives for preparedness is creating mass awareness regarding disasters. In order to create mass awareness, autorickshaws are being used in Maharashtra as carriers for disaster awareness messages. Regional Traffic

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Office (RTO) in Maharashtra has the updated records of different types of vehicles. Therefore it was decided to select auto-rickshaws which are the most popular way of commuting by local people. Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation (MSRTC), volunteers and other civilians prepared the slogans for the Auto-rickshaws regarding earthquakes, like Bhukampratirodhak GharSurakshit Ghar. Various stakeholders which include District Publicity Officer, Local Urban Bodies, representatives of educational institutions, Lions Club, Rotary Club and other civil groups have collaborated in this initiative. This unique initiative has gained a lot of success in awareness generation about DRM. During this awareness Programme, various stakeholders involved are District Publicity Officer, local urban bodies, representatives of educational institutions, lions club, Rotary club and other civil group. This method has gained a lot of success in awareness generation about DRM. Disaster Preparedness Month A burgeoning city like Delhi underscores the need for enhanced levels of disaster mitigation and preparedness in view of its high vulnerability profile, with a complex interplay of factors. As part of the awareness generation activities, the city has embarked upon the observance of the Disaster Preparedness Month. The month long activities were designed to convert the challenge of making Delhi a safer city by actively involving every stakeholder in disaster mitigation and preparedness. Disaster Risk Reduction and management through effective institutional linkages, the case study of Pakistan The impact of a hazard can be reduced by applying proper disaster

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management tools such as preparedness and mitigation measures. In Pakistan, the 2005 earthquake that brought massive destruction at the national level was mismanaged by government agencies. Lack of linkage between authorities and the slow response from the government have contributed to more human losses in the disastrous event. Hence, there is need to re-organize the system at all tires of government to cope with disastrous events. Disaster management in Pakistan The history of disaster management can be divided into two phases: before and after the 2005 earthquake. It was a significant incident in the history of Pakistan, killing over 70,000 people and leaving over one million homeless. The media and other agencies reported that the government was not ready for such an incident as they were not prepared at all, and not at any level. In case of floods, early warning is issued and provides the time to accomplish tasks but the earthquake presented a different situation. In 1970 when a cyclone struck Pakistan, policymakers established the Federal Relief Commission (FRC) in the Prime Minister Secretariat. It was the start of the disaster management system in the country and the mandate was allocated to the FRC by the Calamity Act 1958. Thus, there was a system available but this commission has a reactive approach. The FRCs job was to provide assistance in case of disaster but they never planned any activity for hazardous events. When the 2005 earthquake struck, the government institutions responded slowly. This event provided an impetus to institutionalize a new system for disaster management. Thus, the Disaster Management Ordinance 2006 was promulgated and under this

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ordinance the NDMC was constituted. NDMC comprised the elected people while the NDMA was established under NDMC. The NDMC chairman is the Prime Minister of the Country and this commission is meant to take the key decision and allocation of the funds. Whereas the NDMAs function is to implement the decisions of the commission, the NDMA is comprised of the employees of the federal government and heads of line agencies. Further, the Ordinance also provided the mandate to establish the disaster management authority at the provincial level which is the lower tier in the government system that can be called region. In the same way, it provides guidelines to constitute the disaster management authority at the local government level. The system is constituted but still their approach is reactive rather than proactive.

Local Literatures At present the need for disaster preparedness has become one of the major concerns of the Philippine Government. Massive damage on both life and property remains to occur when typhoons struck the archipelago an inevitable event due to the geographic location of the Philippines bounded by the Pacific Ocean in the east where weather disturbances are formed. At rate, 20 typhoons hit the country every year. It has been said that typhoons and floods had been our ancient curse so protecting the citizens from its consequences should be the number one concern of the Republic. Here in Metro Manila, when a typhoon hits accompanied by heavy rains, it

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can easily cause flash floods to rise. Flood waters easily fill up the esteros, creeks, and canals. Drainage system can no long accommodate the waters allowing it to overflow on the streets making it impassable to vehicles. As it continue to rise, it extends to commercial establishments until it reach residential areas. Low lying areas suffer the worst damage since floods can rise up to knee level, waist level, chest level, and worst, it can out height houses. Worst damage starts damage starts when flash floods reach residential areas. The strong water current can wipe away houses. High water level can cause citizens to drown. Strong wind can take down trees and blow away houses roofs. Damages to agriculture and infrastructure are also inevitable. This scenario calls for an effective and efficient disaster risk reduction and management plan. The safety and security of the citizens life and property depends on its efficiency and effectiveness. On September 2009, Typhoon Ondoy devastates the Philippines. Tropical cyclone Ondoy with international name Ketsana was classified by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) as a tropical storm (TS). It entered the PAR on 24 September, caused unforeseen damages on 26 September and exited on 27 September. According to the PAGASA Science Garden Station in Quezon City, Ondoy poured 455 millimeters of rain for 24 hours straight last September 26, 20097. This 24-hour downpour on September 26, 2009 is almost one-and-a-half times the historical average for 1993-2008 for the entire month of September. It enhanced the southwest monsoon leading to widespread flooding in almost all parts of Metro Manila, Central and Southern Luzon,

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and some parts of Visayas and Mindanao with 1,786 Barangays flooded in 154 municipalities and 30 cities of 26 provinces of Regions I, II, III, IV-A, IV-B, V, VI, IX, XII, ARMM, CAR, and NCR. On the aftermath of the typhoon, it leaves 464 people Dead, 529 Injured and 37 Missing. Estimated cost of damage to infrastructure and agriculture amounted to PhP11 Billion (Infrastructure PhP4.299 Billion to include school buildings and health facilities and agriculture PhP6.669 Billion). On an article by Steven Rood, the Asia Foundations Country Representative for the Philippines and Pacific Island Nations published on the website of the Asia Foundation, it is stressed out that the residents of the Philippines are inured to copious amounts of rain, which can lead to complacency. One theme of post-storm conversations was that many did not realize the extent of flooding and damage until it was too late. Certainly the strength of the early morning rain did serve as a warning to preemptively charge cell phones and the like, but many ventured out as normal and became caught in the flooding. Light rail lines operated as normal, so people waded across avenues turned into rivers in order to reach the mass transit. Traffic jams, on the other hand, became permanent as vehicles were flooded and unable to move. One innovation had to do with the use of new mapping technologies that aggregated calls for assistance and reports of flooding into an overall picture of what was happening. Zooming into a map clearly shows where the prosperous community of Provident Village, inside a loop of the Marikina River, was flooded. In Metro Manila it is the area which suffered the worst damage. The worse than Ondoy catastrophe was experienced by Metro Manila on August 7-11, 2012 when the south-east monsoon locally known as habagat brings

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continuous heavy rains. Many of the people who battled the killer floods observed that the cataclysm that hit the National Capital Region (NCR) and other provinces in Luzon was far worse because while Ondoy killed hundreds, the area affected by the particular weeks disaster was wider and the number of victims far higher. Filipinos were once again shock when the south-west monsoon (habagat) continuously pours heavy rains for almost a week. From August 7-11, 2012 heavy rains continue to pour affecting the Northern, Central, and the Western section of Southern Luzon. It leads to massive flooding in the National Capital Region (in the cities of Caloocan, Malabon, Novatas, Valenzuela, Pasig, Manila, Malabon, and Quezon), Region I (Pangasinan), Region III (Bulacan, Pampanga, Tarlac, Bataan, and Zambales), Region IV-A (Cavite, Laguna, and Rizal), and Region IV-B (Oriental Mindoro). A total of 61 municipalities and cities in NCR, Regions III, and IV-A were submerged with flood waters: Region III (7 in Bulacan, 15 in Pampanga, and 3 in Tarlac), and Region IV-A (11 in Rizal and 21 in Laguna). Most thoroughfares in the cities of Manila, Valenzuela, Taguig, Muntinlupa, Malabon, Makati, Pasig, and Municipality of Pateros were under water with flood waters ranging from gutter deep to waist level. A total of 992, 562 families/ 4, 451, 711 persons were affected in 2, 764 Barangays/ 181 municipalities, 36 cities in 17 provinces of Regions I, III, IV-A, IV-B, VI, and NCR. The calamity which is considered by many as worse than Ondoy ends with 130 casualties: 112 dead, 14 injured, and 4 missing. In terms of the number of deaths, Region III has the most number, 48 followed by NCR, 41 and Region IV-A, 15. The cause of death was mostly due to drowning (70), landslides (12), and the rest were due to other causes. Damage to property have amounted to

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PhP 3.182 billion with PhP 777.828 million on infrastructure and PhP 2.404 billion on agriculture. These facts and figures are from the Final Report on the Effects of Southwest Monsoon and Emergency Response Management released by Usec. Benito T. Ramos, Executive Director, NDRRMC and Administrator, OCD. On December 4, 2012, the second deadliest typhoon since 1947 hit the southern island of Mindanao- NDRRMC Usec. Benito Ramos. Despite the early warnings given by responsible authorities such as PAG-ASA and NDRRMC on how strong the typhoon would be, still citizens in Mindanao werent able to prepare. With the massive destruction brought about by the typhoon, Pres. Benigno Aquino III declared a state of national calamity thru Proclamation no. 522. About 711,682 families/6,243,998 persons were affected in 3,064 Barangays/ 312 municipalities/ 40 cities in 34 provinces of Regions IV-B, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, CARAGA, and ARMM. The disaster left 1047 dead, 2,662 injured, and 841 missing. A total of 168,227 damaged houses were reported in Regions I, IV-B, VI, VII, X, XI, XII, and CARAGA of which 101, 758 were partially damaged and 66,469 were totally damaged. Damage to property have amounted to Php 24.223 billion pesos with Php 7.823 billion to infrastructure, Php 16.351 billion pesos to agriculture, and Php 49.231 million pesos to private property.

Local Studies In the Case Study conducted by Fouad Bendimerad, Chairman of the Board, EMI, Quezon City, Philippines et. al. on Brgy. Rizal, Makati City, it emphasized the challenge of reducing the impacts of disasters in the urban poor. Yet, the

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vulnerability of the urban poor is escalating due to pressure from urbanization, the competition for scarce resources, and weaknesses in governance structures. In most cases, vulnerability reduction action resolves to displacing communities from high risk areas. However, these approaches are not always viable. This project attempts to find an approach through Risk-Sensitive Urban Redevelopment. This approach combines in a single solution the reduction of risk and the improvements of emergency management capacity, with the improvement of the socio-economic and the living conditions of the residents. Risk-sensitive urban redevelopment requires a different planning approach that is little known and largely untested elsewhere by planners. The Risk Sensitive Urban Redevelopment Plan of Barangay Rizal demonstrates how a long-term plan can be developed to guide future development within the ultimate goal of reducing exposure to hazards. The plan was developed using a participatory approach by an integrated team consisting of technical experts, Barangay leaders, representatives of the community, and Makati city officials. The Barangay Rizal Risk-Sensitive Urban Redevelopment Planning Project was undertaken by the Earthquakes and Megacities Initiative (EMI) in partnership with the Makati City Government, the community representatives of Barangay Rizal, and the Philippines Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS). It involves the urban redevelopment planning of selected zones in the Barangay to modify and lessen the physical, social, and economic vulnerability of the community to earthquake-related hazards, while at the same time improving the livelihood and living conditions of the residents.

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Barangay Rizal is one of the 33 Barangays of Makati City. The Barangay was chosen as pilot area for the project because of the negative combination of its susceptibility to earthquake hazards and its socio-economic conditions. Makati is one of the 17 cities and municipalities that comprise Metro Manila. It is considered as the countrys financial and business center, being home to the headquarters of 40 percent of the top 1,000 multinational and local corporations. It has a total resident population of 510,383 (2007 Census) but this balloons to almost 3.7 million during weekdays because of people who come here to work, do business, or shop. Barangay Rizal in Makati City Philippines sits on an active fault, which makes it highly vulnerable to earthquake hazards such as surface rupture, ground shaking, land subsidence, liquefaction and fire following earthquake. The West Valley Fault runs along the northwestern portion of the Barangay. According to the Metro Manila Earthquake Impact Reduction Study (MMEIRS 2004), rupture of the fault can cause a magnitude 7.2 earthquake, which has the potential to cause severe damage to approximately 40% of the total number of residential buildings within Metro Manila, with an estimated 34,000 deaths and 114,000 injuries. Certain portions of the Barangay are expected to suffer serious damage due to ground rupture. A rapid visual screening of buildings for seismic vulnerability revealed that at least 1 out of every 3 of the inspected structures may not withstand a seismic event of magnitude 7.2 or higher Buildings along the fault trace are particularly vulnerable. Factors that contribute to vulnerability of structures include old age, weak structural systems, irregularities in building form, and poor construction with substandard materials.

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The planning process used a highly participatory approach. A single integrated Project Implementation Team was put together that included technical specialists and officials from Barangay Rizal, Makati City and PHIVOLCS. Stakeholders were involved in all stages of the planning process. The project involved the preparation of a plan with the goal of transforming the high risk community into a safer, disaster-resilient neighborhood while simultaneously enhancing its urban fabric, economic vibrancy, social cohesion, public safety, and environmental quality. The challenge is to work with the stakeholders to develop options to reduce these risks and to have these options understood and accepted by the community. The redevelopment plan for the site needs to consider how to reduce risk for these three major aspects: physical vulnerability, social and economic vulnerability; at the same time, it needs to improve the emergency management potential. For physical vulnerability, the main concern pertains to the structures built on top of the fault zone and the other highly vulnerable structures scattered throughout the area. For social and economic vulnerability, the high density and increasing population is a concern, as well as vulnerable households who may not have the economic capacity to cope when disaster strikes, and those with vulnerable members, such as those with disabilities, chronic sickness, female heads, and children and the elderly. Related to emergency management is how to improve the mobility in the site, given the narrow and often blocked roads. The need for evacuation areas and temporary shelter is a concern given that twenty percent (20%) of the structures in the area have more than 10 people living inside.

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The project confronted the core issues of mainstreaming DRR in land use planning and urban (re)-development. It doing so, it has to tackle an area that has not been explored so far and, thus has to address it through all its phases. The project has generated valuable knowledge in terms of both the substantive content and redevelopment planning process for addressing the earthquake risks of a highrisk community. The fact that the project site is virtually all built-up, with small lots and narrow streets, and occupied by predominantly low-income households place extreme limitations on the range of redevelopment options. While the project is a pilot application in a very limited planning area, the methodology used has high potential to be adapted or replicated in other localities. It was shown that formulating an acceptable redevelopment plan is possible if the planning process is systematic, transparent, participatory and consensus-based. The systematic approach in data gathering, analysis, and presentation at the stakeholder workshops helped significantly in developing a deeper appreciation of the risks that the community faces. A strong multi-disciplinary technical team is needed to collect the detailed data and integrate the many parameters driving the redevelopment while at the same time pursuing the participatory approach. The sensitivity of the City Government representatives and technical experts to the particular culture, socioeconomic circumstances, and constraints on the part of the affected households was especially helpful in maintaining a spirit of collaboration and cooperation throughout the planning process. The project demonstrates that land use and redevelopment planning can be powerful tools to lessen the physical, social, and economic vulnerability of high-risk communities.

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Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation of Albay Province Disaster risk reduction and climate action are components of the central economic strategy, not the contingency plan. We have learned in the long run, Albay is depended on calamity funds for disaster response and DRR initiatives while drawing on the national government and international aid for extreme calamities. Albay pursues a zero casualty goal during disaster and practices preemptive evacuation as its principal strategy for disaster response proving successful in three recent cases. Albay is practitioner of climate change adaptation and has integrated DRR and CRR in all its programs. There is a 70% overlap between adaptation and disaster risk reduction in the Albay context. Disaster & Development lessons (these are things that have worked in Albay). 1) Disaster Recovery and Development; this includes humanitarian resources that can be considered as resources for development. This means also that rehabilitation should be pursued in the context of a development strategy. 2) Building back better and possibly building back elsewhere? This is a basic tenet. 3) Disaster proofing of development. A. Disaster risk reduction must be a basic input to the Regional Master Plan B. CLUP or zoning policy is key DRR instrument C. ECC/EIA is second line of defense D. Engineering intervention should be last recourse. Key Elements of Albay DRR Strategy are Risk Reduction: This includes risk mapping, geostrategic intervention, adjusting the Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP), and climate change adaptation, Disaster Preparedness: This requires close work with warning agencies and installing workable community-based

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warning systems, Disaster Response: They use an info board, they have organized preemptive evacuation, and they are prepared to undertake the necessary damage and needs assessment, Relief Operations: This is undertaken based on needs and a demand-side approach, Recovery: They use a basic principle of building back better, and using a cluster approach PHIVOLCS can provide earthquake mapping and Volcanic Hazard Mapping as well as REDAS training for LGUs, PAGASA - flood mapping, Mines and Geo-Sciences Bureau - landslide mapping, the Manila Observatory for mudflow (Lahar) mapping and the LGU for population and resource mapping and the Comprehensive Land Use Plan. Risk mapping is a common resource to all phases of DRR-risk mitigation, preparedness, damage assessment, response, relief and recovery. Risks can also be reduced by both structural (hard) and non-structural (soft) interventions such as: Structural (Geostrategic Interventions, Dike construction, Levees, Slope protection, Roads and Bridges, River control) and Non-Structural (Comprehensive Land Use Plan, Environmental protection including Coastal Resource Management). In Albay, the Guicadale Business Platform is also both an economic strategy as much as it is a disaster risk reduction strategy. This includes household relocation and resettlement, a new airport, additional road networks and a new Government Centre, all funded from various sources over the coming years. In short, investments in disaster risk reduction have a positive economic expansion impact in times without a disaster, and to reduce losses on times of

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disaster. They have also embarked on a comprehensive early warning system with DOST PHIVOLCS, PAGASA, the DCCs, the broadcast media and of course all the way to the communities themselves. This can be one of the most useful exercised for long-term disaster risk reduction to incorporate DRR into the main body of the CLUP for all development sectors. DRR info can inform planning and vice versa. They have trained 18 municipalities in preparing their CLUPs and this is integrated also at Provincial level. They have found it necessary to carry out soil analyses to provide a firm basis of development planning and to avoid underlying risks. Some basic principles for the CLUPs are no investment or selective investment in High Risk Zone, Maximum Protection in the low to moderate risk zone, Safe zone as the site for new development investments (GUICADALE Platform in Albay) Eventually the CLUP and soils analyses will be integrated into a comprehensive GIS mapping when funds are available. This will be an important baseline of information for the Rapid Earthquake Damage Assessment System (REDAS) software in partnership with PHIVOLCS. Continuous training and education is possible one of the most important preparedness needs. This would include for example: Household, Community and LGU preparedness, Updating of Contingency Plans, Skills development for government and volunteers, Warning System Communication Protocol and Evacuation Procedures, Mountain Survival and compass reading, Critical Incidence Stress Debriefing, Community Risk Mapping and Contingency Planning, Education-On-Air with local broadcast media, Conduct of drills and exercises in

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schools, hospitals, hotels, malls and communities to pre-test the hazard specific contingency plan on volcanic eruption, earthquake typhoon and fire, Review of policies and regulations with LGUs. They have started the INFOBOARD where over 15000 free SMART SIM cards have been issued to officials for the Disaster and Climate Risk Monitoring system. It is a SMS broadcast facility for early warning. Already we have undertaken training workshops in 720 Barangays. They have also dedicated energy and time to prepare for critical response needs such as evacuation centers, relief supplies, search and rescue retrieval, security, price monitoring of basic and prime commodities, water health sanitation and nutrition needs, and management of the disaster Operations Centre. Preemptive evacuation is a big issue in Albay with our active volcanoes. Climate change adaptation is going to be more and more important to the province and local governments. "The province has also recently entered to a memorandum of agreement with the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) for the P2 million joint projects on mangrove plantations and development in hundreds of hectares of swamp areas in various provincial coastlines," Salceda said. A risk assessment during the pre-disaster phase will establish the before situation. This can be done during normal season. It then enables the well-targeted damage assessment (time, manpower and MOOE) and will also determine size and location of the threatened population (area and hazard specific) as well as allowing them to determine critical resource needs (area and hazard specific). In the immediate Post Disaster Phase damage assessment (often completed within 5

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days of the calamity) will allow them to: determine potential location of problem, determine the magnitude of problem and determine the immediate priorities There are protocols to be observed: While PHO secures on-the-ground data and provides basic information on casualties; DOH is the sole source of official source of this data. PEO concentrates on provincial facilities and DPWH on national infrastructure. Apsemo coordinates the aggregation and reconciliation of data on physical damages. PAS relies mainly on LGU submissions and aggregates data for reporting to DA RFU. Disaster Risk Preparedness of Bulacan Province In the province of Bulacan, they have adopted a Community-Based Flood Mitigation Management Program. It is a non-structural flood mitigating means that encompasses hydrological monitoring, information exchange and flood warning, and the disaster preparedness and response phases as applied to a locality or a subbasin area within the Pampanga River Basin area, particularly the river systems within the Bulacan province. It was conceived by the Pampanga River Flood Forecasting and Warning Center (PRFFWC) and generally funded by the Provincial Government of Bulacan. The system is composed of a network of rainfall and water level monitoring stations and flood markers located strategically within the subject area and a local (dedicated) communication system for data and information transfer between the monitoring stations, the municipal/Barangay disaster action teams, and the operations center (provincial capitol and PRFFWC). The system shall be manned by trained volunteer personnel of the municipality and/or Barangay area concerned.

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The social and moral responsibilities of the LGUs as well as of the local inhabitants in terms of disaster mitigation aspects shall be enhanced through continued exchange of information, dry-runs and drills, and regular disaster information (PIDs, etc.) activities and the positive attitude of the PDCC personnel. This hopes to ensure the sustainability aspect of the program. The cost of the system, amounting to some P 250,000 worth of monitoring instruments, field surveys and installations included, and partly some local communications lines have been shouldered by the Province of Bulacan through the PDCC with FFB, PRFFWC in particular, providing the technical aspect of the program and training. The system is composed of 7 water level monitoring stations that have been set-up along the Angat River (will act as a main back-up monitoring and warning points during excess reservoir releases from Angat & Ipo Dams). Three other river monitoring stations cover the other active tributaries within the province and one in a major channel of the Pampanga River. Four rain gages were installed at strategic locations within the province particularly in the eastern sections of the area close to the Sierra Madre mountain range. Some 12 flood markers were placed in the flood-prone areas of Hagonoy and Calumpit municipalities to complement the system. River cross-sectioning for river dynamics to handle flood warnings were carried out as part of the programs early warning stage. The training of the volunteer municipal/Barangay observers immediately followed after the hydrographic works. This is, actually, the most critical part of the program. The effectiveness of the system will rely mainly on the observers training comprehension.

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The program augments the present monitoring system of the PRFFWC, particularly in the mid-eastern parts of the basin. It practically provides additional data support for the Candaba swamp and other flood-prone areas of the Province of Pampanga. Although the program does not have any of that state-of-art technology being used nowadays, except probably the means of communication, its sustainability and continued operations shall mainly be dependent on the dedication, commitment and trust of the province on a non-structural flood mitigating system that they can operate and call their very own and the continued support of the PRFFWC and its interaction with the PDCC-Bulacan. The project, Community-Based Flood Mitigation Management Program or CBFMMP for Bulacan was actually carried out from November 2005 to February 2006 with the purpose of implementing an early warning monitoring system for the province in terms of its flood disaster mitigation activities. However, planning and conditioning of the planned program for the province started out as early as late quarter of 2004. It was an off-shoot of the flood events that affected the Pampanga River Basin as a result of Tropical disturbances Marce, Winnie and Yoyong, in August, November and December 2004, respectively, in which a large part of the province was inundated. The project was mainly funded by the Provincial Government of Bulacan through its Provincial Disaster Coordinating Office. Technical aspects of the program, particularly determination of location of monitoring sites, river assessment levels, methods of observation, and other related activities were carried out by personnel of the Pampanga River Flood Forecasting and Warning Center (PRFFWC) of the Flood Forecasting Branch of PAGASA.

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The nature of the program was to have a non-structural, community-based, holistic approach to flood disaster mitigation aspects. Practically, the program encompasses hydrological monitoring, information exchange and flood warning, and the disaster preparedness and response activities as applied to a certain community or to the sub-basin concerned. Deviant and localized flood events have also been considered in the program. It was designed and carried out with one main purpose in mind a flood disaster-resilient and disaster-prepared People of the Province of Bulacan. The program was made possible through the contributory efforts of the following government agencies, primarily the Provincial Government of Bulacan, the Provincial Administrators Office, Provincial Disaster Coordinating Office, the Liga ng mga Barangay of Bulacan Province, the PRFFWC of FFB, PAGASA, and other local government agencies of the province of Bulacan. It is through this program that the true essence of flood disaster mitigation was realized, and that is, not only to keep the floodwaters away from the people but also to keep the people away from the floodwater.

Synthesis and Relevance to the Study Foreign readings have focused on the effective application of the disaster preparedness measures. It is not enough that a government of a nation has a disaster risk reduction management plan. What matters more is the way the plan will be carried-out so that the citizens will be kept safe and sound with such disasters that may occur. It is important to empower basic communities so that they will be

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trained to respond in such calamities and disasters. The results of disaster management all relies to the efficiency of contingency planning and decision-making processes of those people involved in the management procedure. It is also important to conduct an information dissemination regarding the disasters that may occur so that citizens will know what they will do in times of emergencies. Yes it is necessary to have a preventive measure but once the calamity happen, a recovery plan must also be established. In the accumulated local literature, it is proven that the Philippines is very susceptible to disasters. Every year strong typhoons visit the country and it carries with it the massive damage which Filipinos can experience. With this fact, it is important that we are all prepared. Obedience to the authorities on what should be done before, during, and after a calamity should be observed. Both of the cited studies here and abroad focused on how to lessen the risks associated with different disasters. Transforming the high-risk communities into safer, disaster-resilient neighborhood is its ultimate goal. Stakeholders should work to develop options acceptable to the community. Training and education is one of the most important preparedness needs. There is a need to adopt and integrate disaster risk reduction measures to secure peoples lives, livelihoods, and property.

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CHAPTER III RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

The researchers conducted a survey to the fourteen Barangays of Navotas City with regards to the resiliency of their city in times of calamities. There was also a conduct of initial survey to their Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office using the assessment tool used by the Metro Manila Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council in order to determine whether they are complying with the standards set by National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council. The result of such initial survey will be further validated when the fourteen Barangays through their respective officials prepared by the researchers. Research Design The descriptive method of research was used in this study. Descriptive method of research is a fact-finding study with adequate and accurate interpretation of the findings. It illustrates present conditions, practices, situations, or any phenomena based on impressions or reactions of respondents. In this method, the respondents answered the survey questionnaire in the easiest way that they could understand the questions well on the level of their comprehension. The survey techniques employed were through questionnaires, review of related literature, and key informant interview with the Head of Navotas City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office and the respective Barangays of the city represented by their official and purok leaders. The interview was focused on the perception of the and purok leaders answer the questionnaire

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fourteen Barangays regarding the implementation of their programs and projects to combat the harmful effects of disasters, the availability and capacity of their facilities to respond to the needs of their citizens, the availability and capacity of their equipments to respond to the needs of the people, and the capacity and responsiveness of their rescue and relief in times of disasters. Sampling Technique The researchers used the purposive sampling method wherein all the barangays of Navotas City represented by their respective official, purok leaders and personnel of their Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office were the respondents chosen according to a set criteria. It was for the researchers to gather the accurate status of the citys resiliency in time of calamities. The respondents were selected through the following criteria set by the researchers: 1. Direct involvement in the implementation of the citys disaster preparedness measures and techniques; 2. Technical know-how on the mechanisms which are needed to be employed for the city to be disaster resilient; 3. Degree of instruction with regards to the harmful effects of calamities and how they can be prepared for these; 4. Possession of direct authority and responsibility for the protection of lives and property of their citizens during a disaster; and 5. Direct benefits obtain from the effective and efficient implementation of those programs and projects for a disaster resilient community

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Population and Respondents of the study The population were composed of the fourteen Barangays of Navotas City namely: San Rafael Village, North Bay Boulevard South, North Bay Boulevard North, Bangculasi, Bagumbayan South, Bagumbayan North, Navotas East, Navotas West, Sipac-Almacen, San Jose, Daanghari, San Roque, Tangos, and Tanza with their respective barangay official as well as their purok leaders and the personnel of their Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office. It was presumed by the researchers that they were the most capable to provide a reliable assessment on the level of resiliency of their city in times of calamities which can further contribute to the improvement of their disaster preparedness measures.

Locale of the study Since the study is focused on the level of resiliency of Navotas City in times of Calamities, the researchers were able to conduct their quantitative and qualitative method within the whole city of Navotas. Instrumentation The main source of data used in the study was the survey questionnaire given to the respondents. Secondary sources will include the review of related literature and studies and those data taken from the Metro Manila Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council as well as from the Navotas City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office.

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Development of the Instrument The researchers accumulate all the necessary information and data in order to come up with preliminary draft of the questionnaires. These include the accumulation of information from the Metro Manila Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council and Navotas City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office. Sample survey questionnaires from other researches also serve as guide for the researchers. From the various references, the researchers were able to develop an outline of the questionnaire. Validation of the Survey Questionnaire In order to test the reliability, appropriateness, and accuracy of the survey questionnaire, a pre-test was conducted in Navotas City. The researchers utilized 25 questionnaires given and answered by the common residents of the city. Through this, the researchers realized that only those persons who are familiar with the implementation of the programs and projects of the city for Disaster Risk Reduction and Management can give the right assessment required by the study. The Barangay officials and their purok leaders are the ones who can give that reliable assessment. Description of the Survey Questionnaire The survey questionnaire was composed of five parts. The first part dealt with the programs and projects of Navotas City for disaster preparedness. It is then broken down into different categories such as prevention and mitigation,

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preparedness, response, and recovery and rehabilitation. Under each category, specific programs and projects were included. The second part dealt with the facilities available in the city which can be used in times of disasters specifically evacuation areas including relief goods, water, enough space, sanitation, electricity, etc. and hospitals covering the availability of doctors, equipments, medicines, etc. The third part dealt with the available equipments both light and heavy which can be used to respond to the needs of the people in times of calamities. On the fourth part, the efficiency of rescue and relief operations involving the police department, fire department, and their Rescuers/Volunteers was being assessed. On the last part, the respondents were given a set of suggestions and recommendations for the betterment and improvements of the Navotas City Government Disaster Preparedness. From the set options, the respondents were to choose on what they can suggest and they can further give their own recommendation not included in the list of suggestions. Data Gathering Procedure The researchers gathered the necessary data from the Metro Manila Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council as well as from the Navotas City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office in the form of dialogue and discussion with their personnel. The researcher also conducted survey in the form of questionnaire to the respective Barangays of the city represented by their respective official and purok leaders.

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The use of other research study as a guideline in the conduct of the study was also done for the purpose of knowing the proper steps and procedure that is needed to be observed. The researchers also use the help of the internet for the broader gathering of the latest data that would support the further realization of the study. Statistical Tool The type of measurement scale is interval because categories are ordered using equality of distance. The Likkert Scale as type of attitude scale was used to measure the perceptions of the respondents. Each relative value has an assigned descriptive equivalent base on the issues that were raised in the study. It used the method of summated ratings.

Rating Scale for the Level of Resiliency of Navotas City in Times of Calamities with regards to the: 1. Implementation of their Programs and Projects in terms of: 1.1 Prevention and Mitigation 1.2 Preparedness 1.3 Response 1.4 Recovery and Rehabilitation 2. Availability and Capacity of their Facilities to respond to the needs of the people in terms of: 2.1 Evacuation Centers

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2.2 Hospitals 3. Availability and Capacity of their Equipments to respond to the needs of the people in terms of: 3.1 Light Equipments 3.2 Heavy Equipments 4. Capacity and Responsiveness of their Rescue and Relief in times of Calamities composed of their: 4.1 Police Department 4.2 Fire Department 4.3 Rescuers/Volunteers

Relative Value

Verbal Description

Symbol

Statistical Limit

5 4

Excellent Very Satisfactory

E VS

4.6-5.0 3.6-4.5

3 2 1

Satisfactory Poor Very Poor

S P VP

2.6-3.5 1.6-2.5 1.0-1.5

Statistical Treatment of Data 1. Percentage. It is employed to determine the frequency in percentage form of the respondents responses.
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Percentage =

x 100

2. Weighted Mean. It is used to determine the extent to which the respondents assessed the rated various categories along variables. It is the mean where there is some variation in the relative contribution of individual data values to the mean. Each data value (Xi) has a weight assigned to it (Wi). Data values with larger weights contribute more to the weighted mean and data values with smaller weights contribute less to the weighted mean.

W=

3. Ranking Method. This method allowed the relative position of an item in the group to be numbered consecutively based on the responses of the respondents. Rank 1 Rank 2 numbers for others Rank for the variable with the same frequency Variable with the Highest Frequency Variable with the second highest frequency and succeeding

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CHAPTER IV PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents the data gathered from the fourteen Barangays of Navotas City namely San Rafael Village, North Bay Blvd. South, North Bay Blvd. North, Bangculasi, Bagumbayan South, Bagumbayan North, Navotas West, Navotas East, Sipac-Almacen, San Jose, Daanghari, San Roque, Tangos, and Tanza. This aims to determine the level of preparedness of Navotas City in times of Calamities in terms of Programs and Projects, Facilities, Equipments, and Rescue and Reliefs. The first twenty-eight (28) tables present the data gathered from the Barangay Implementers and table 29-57 show the data obtained from the Purok leaders of every barangay. Table 1 This table presents the data gathered from the respective Barangays of Navotas City with regards to implementation of their Programs and Projects under the category of Prevention and Mitigation in terms of regular declogging of drainage and canals. RATING RELATIVE PREVENTION AND MITIGATION VALUE f % Excellent 5 3 21.43 Very Satisfactory 4 10 71.43 Satisfactory 3 0 0 Poor 2 1 7.14 Very Poor 1 0 0 GRAND TOTAL 14 100 WEIGHTED MEAN 4 INTERPRETATION Very Satisfactory From the 14 Barangays, only 3 or 21.43% said that the implementation of drainage and canals regular declogging project was excellent, more than half or 10 Barangays (71.43%) affirmed that it was very satisfactory, none have said that it was satisfactory, only 1 or 7.14% declares that it was poor, and none have stated that it was Very Poor.

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The computed weighted mean was 4 which means that the implementation of the regular declogging of drainage and canals as one way to prevent and mitigate the harmful effects of disasters was very satisfactory. It only asserts that the declogging of drainage and canals are actually happening in their Barangay but there is no assurance that it is regularly and effectively implemented or whether there is enough facilities and equipments for such program.

Table 2 This table presents the data gathered from the respective Barangays of Navotas City with regards to implementation of their Programs and Projects under the category of Prevention and Mitigation in terms of dredging and desilting activities in coordination with other agencies. RATING RELATIVE PREVENTION AND MITIGATION VALUE f % Excellent 5 2 14.29 Very Satisfactory 4 3 21.43 Satisfactory 3 5 35.71 Poor 2 3 21.43 Very Poor 1 1 7.14 GRAND TOTAL 14 100 WEIGHTED MEAN 3.14 INTERPRETATION Very Satisfactory Out of the 14 Barangays, only 2 or 14.29% said that the conduct of dredging and desilting activities in coordination with other agencies was excellent, 3 or 21.43% affirmed that it was very satisfactory, 5 or 35.71 have said that it was satisfactory, there are 3 or 21.43 who declared that it was poor, and there is 1 who affirmed that it was Very Poor.

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The computed weighted mean was 3.14 which means that the conduct of dredging and desilting activities in coordination with other agencies as one way to prevent and mitigate the harmful effects of disasters was very satisfactory. It only shows that not all the citizens are aware of this activity since there is diverse opinion with respect to the proper implementation of it and not all Barangays receive the same treatment coming from the City Government.

Table 3 This table presents the data gathered from the respective Barangays of Navotas City with regards to implementation of their Programs and Projects under the category of Prevention and Mitigation in terms of proper waste disposal. RATING RELATIVE PREVENTION AND MITIGATION VALUE f % Excellent 5 3 21.43 Very Satisfactory 4 8 57.14 Satisfactory 3 3 21.43 Poor 2 0 0 Very Poor 1 0 0 GRAND TOTAL 14 100 WEIGHTED MEAN 4 INTERPRETATION Very Satisfactory From the 14 Barangays, only 3 or 21.43% said that proper waste disposal was excellent, 8 (57.14) or more than half of the Barangays affirmed that it was very satisfactory, 3 or 21.43 have said that it was satisfactory, none of them declared that it was poor or very poor. The computed weighted mean was 4 which means that proper waste disposal as one way to prevent and mitigate the harmful effects of disasters was very satisfactory.

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There is a unanimous answer with regards to its proper implementation which asserts that there is a regular collection and proper disposal of garbage throughout the whole Barangays.

Table 4 This table presents the data gathered from the respective Barangays of Navotas City with regards to implementation of their Programs and Projects under the category of Preparedness in terms of Identification of appropriate location for food preparation. RATING RELATIVE PREPAREDNESS VALUE f % Excellent 5 2 14.29 Very Satisfactory 4 5 35.71 Satisfactory 3 3 21.43 Poor 2 3 21.43 Very Poor 1 1 7.14 GRAND TOTAL 14 100 WEIGHTED MEAN 3.29 INTERPRETATION Satisfactory Out of 14 Barangays, only 2 or 14.29% said that the identification of appropriate location for food preparation was excellent, 5 or 35.71% of the Barangays affirmed that it was very satisfactory, 3 or 21.43% have said that it was satisfactory, the same was true for poor, and only 1 declares that it was very poor. It has a computed weighted mean of 3.29 which means that the identification of appropriate location for food preparation as a measure to be prepared for the harmful effects of disasters was satisfactory. Some are saying that the program implementation is excellent but some are saying that it was poor and some are even saying it was very poor. It is just an indication that the program is selective and only few citizens benefited from it.

Table 5
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This table presents the data gathered from the respective Barangays of Navotas City with regards to implementation of their Programs and Projects under the category of Preparedness in terms of City wide-community based early warning system. RATING RELATIVE PREPAREDNESS VALUE f % Excellent 5 5 35.71 Very Satisfactory 4 7 50.00 Satisfactory 3 2 14.29 Poor 2 0 0 Very Poor 1 0 0 GRAND TOTAL 14 100 WEIGHTED MEAN 4.21 INTERPRETATION Very Satisfactory From the 14 Barangays, 5 or 35.71% said that the presence of city-wide community based early warning system was excellent, half of the Barangays affirmed that it was very satisfactory, 2 or 14.29% have said that it was satisfactory, none of them gave a rating of poor, and very poor. It has a computed weighted mean of 4.21 which shows that the presence of city-wide community based early warning system as a measure to be prepared for the harmful effects of disasters was very satisfactory. It only concludes that the citizens are well informed prior to the existence of calamity or disaster.

Table 6 This table presents the data gathered from the respective Barangays of Navotas City with regards to implementation of their Programs and Projects under the category of Preparedness in terms of Provision of whistle, flashlight and compass. RATING RELATIVE PREPAREDNESS VALUE f % Excellent 5 3 21.43 Very Satisfactory 4 2 14.29 Satisfactory 3 6 42.86 Poor 2 3 21.43
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Very Poor GRAND TOTAL WEIGHTED MEAN INTERPRETATION

0 14 3.36 Satisfactory

0 100

From the 14 Barangays, 3 or 21.43% said that Provision of whistle, flash light and compass was excellent, only 2 or 14.29 affirmed that it was very satisfactory, almost half or 6 (42.86%) have said that it was satisfactory, there are 3 or 21.43 who gave a rating of poor, and none have declared that it was very poor. The computed weighted mean was 3.36 which shows that the Provision of whistle, flashlight and compass as another measure to be prepared for the harmful effects of disasters was satisfactory. There is proper distribution of whistle, flashlight, and compass to the citizens in times of calamity Table 7 This table presents the data gathered from the respective Barangays of Navotas City with regards to implementation of their Programs and Projects under the category of Preparedness in terms of Public information dissemination. RATING RELATIVE PREPAREDNESS VALUE f % Excellent 5 7 50.00 Very Satisfactory 4 6 42.86 Satisfactory 3 1 7.14 Poor 2 0 0 Very Poor 1 0 0 GRAND TOTAL 14 100 WEIGHTED MEAN 4.43 INTERPRETATION Very Satisfactory Out of 14 Barangays, half or 7 of them said that public information dissemination was excellent, 6 or 42.86% affirmed that it was very satisfactory, only

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1 or 7.14% have said that it was satisfactory, none of them gave a rating of poor, and very poor. It has a computed weighted mean of 4.43 which goes to show that public information dissemination as one of the measures to be prepared for the harmful effects of disasters was very satisfactory. The city has enough measures such as facility or personnel when it comes to public information dissemination prior, during and after the occurrence of calamity or disaster.

Table 8 This table presents the data gathered from the respective Barangays of Navotas City with regards to implementation of their Programs and Projects under the category of Preparedness in terms of Trainings and Seminar on Calamity preparedness. RATING RELATIVE PREPAREDNESS VALUE f % Excellent 5 7 50.00 Very Satisfactory 4 5 35.71 Satisfactory 3 2 14.29 Poor 2 0 0 Very Poor 1 0 0 GRAND TOTAL 14 100 WEIGHTED MEAN 4.36 INTERPRETATION Very Satisfactory Out of 14 Barangays, half or 7 of them said that the conduct of Trainings and Seminars on Calamity preparedness was excellent, 5 or 35.71% affirmed that it was very satisfactory, only 2 or 14.29% have said that it was satisfactory, none of them gave a rating of poor, and very poor.

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The computed weighted mean was 4.36 which goes to show that conduct of Trainings and Seminars on Calamity preparedness as one of the measures to be prepared for the harmful effects of disasters was very satisfactory. The City has provided enough trainings and seminar as reflected in the survey which none of them rated it below satisfactory.

Table 9 This table presents the data gathered from the respective Barangays of Navotas City with regards to implementation of their Programs and Projects under the category of Response in terms of proper documentation of damage, needs and assessment. RATING RELATIVE RESPONSE VALUE f % Excellent 5 5 35.71 Very Satisfactory 4 8 57.14 Satisfactory 3 1 7.14 Poor 2 0 0 Very Poor 1 0 0 GRAND TOTAL 14 100 WEIGHTED MEAN 4.29 INTERPRETATION Very Satisfactory From the 14 Barangays, 5 or 35.71% of them said that the response capability of the city through proper documentation of damage, needs and assessment was excellent, more than half or 8 (57.14%) affirmed that it was very satisfactory, only 1 or 7.14% have said that it was satisfactory, none of them gave a rating of poor, and very poor. The computed weighted mean was 4.29 which means that the capability of Navotas City to respond to calamities through proper documentation of damage, needs and assessment very satisfactory.

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It only asserts that the city is responsive enough in conducting proper documentation as to how much is the damage, what are the needed factors to be improved and to assess the measures used in preparation for the calamity.

Table 10 This table presents the data gathered from the respective Barangays of Navotas City with regards to implementation of their Programs and Projects under the category of Recovery and Rehabilitation in terms of coordination with neighboring local governments regarding rivers and roads clean-up drives. RATING RELATIVE RECOVERY AND REHABILITATION VALUE f % Excellent 5 6 42.86 Very Satisfactory 4 6 42.86 Satisfactory 3 2 14.29 Poor 2 0 0 Very Poor 1 0 0 GRAND TOTAL 14 100 WEIGHTED MEAN 4.29 INTERPRETATION Very Satisfactory Out of 14 Barangays, almost half or 6 (42.86%) said that the citys coordination with neighboring local governments regarding rivers and roads clean-up drives was excellent, 6 or 42.86% affirmed that it was very satisfactory, only 2 or 14.29% have said that it was satisfactory, none of them gave a rating of poor, and very poor. The computed weighted mean was 4.29 which means that the citys coordination with neighboring local governments regarding rivers and roads clean-up drives as one of the measures to recover and rehabilitate their city after a calamity was very satisfactory. This only shows that the City has regular conduct of river and road clean-up drives and the neighboring LGUs are coordinating to such program.
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Table 11 This table presents the data gathered from the respective Barangays of Navotas City with regards to implementation of their Programs and Projects under the category of Recovery and Rehabilitation in terms of stress debriefing for the community and government employee involved. RATING RELATIVE RECOVERY AND REHABILITATION VALUE f % Excellent 5 3 21.43 Very Satisfactory 4 7 50.00 Satisfactory 3 4 28.57 Poor 2 0 0 Very Poor 1 0 0 GRAND TOTAL 14 100 WEIGHTED MEAN 3.93 INTERPRETATION Very Satisfactory From the 14 Barangays, only 3 or 21.43% said that stress debriefing for the community and government employee involved as another measure for recovery and rehabilitation was excellent, half of them affirmed that it was very satisfactory, 4 or 28.57% have said that it was satisfactory, none of them gave a rating of poor, and very poor. The computed weighted mean was 3.93 which means that stress debriefing for the community and government employee involved as another measure for recovery and rehabilitation was very satisfactory. This shows that not all citizens benefited from this program since only few of them have rated this as excellent and most of them rated this as satisfactory. It means that their personnel such as the Psychiatrists, Doctors and Nurses.

Table 12 This table presents the data gathered from the respective Barangays of Navotas City with regards to the availability and capacity of their Facilities in terms of Evacuation Centers
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RATING

RELATIVE VALUE 5 4 3 2 1

Excellent Very Satisfactory Satisfactory Poor Very Poor GRAND TOTAL WEIGHTED MEAN INTERPRETATION

EVACUATION CENTERS f % 2 14.29 7 50 3 21.43 2 14.29 0 0 14 100 3.64 Very Satisfactory

Out of the 14 Barangays, only 2 or 14.29 % says that the availability and capacity of their evacuation centers were excellent, 7 or 50% states that it were very satisfactory, 3 or 21.43% says that it were Satisfactory, 2 or 14.29% states that it were Poor, and none have said that it was Very Poor. The computed waited mean for evacuation centers is 3.64 which means that the availability and capacity of their evacuation areas to respond to the needs of the people in times of Calamities were Very Satisfactory. The City has enough evacuation centers since all classrooms are use for such purpose in times of calamities but the facilities are not well provided since majority of them rated it as very satisfactory but some are saying that it was actually poor.

Table 13 This table presents the data gathered from the respective Barangays of Navotas City with regards to the availability and capacity of their Facilities in terms of Hospitals RATING RELATIVE VALUE HOSPITALS f % Excellent 5 1 7.14 Very Satisfactory 4 4 28.57 Satisfactory 3 4 28.57 Poor 2 5 35.71 Very Poor 1 0 0
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GRAND TOTAL WEIGHTED MEAN INTERPRETATION

14 3.07 Satisfactory

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Out of the 14 Barangays, only 1 or 7.14 % says that the availability and capacity of their hospitals were excellent, 4 or 28.57% states that it were very satisfactory, 4 or 28.57% says that it were Satisfactory, 5 or 35.71% states that it were Poor, and none have said that it was Very Poor. It has a computed waited mean of 3.07 which means that the availability and capacity of their hospitals areas to respond to the needs of the people in times of Calamities were Satisfactory. The citizens rating was actually low since the City has no hospitals yet to be used in times of calamities. They are all just depending on clinics that are available on their areas.

Table 14 This table presents the data gathered from the respective Barangays of Navotas City with regards to the availability and capacity of their Equipments in terms of Light Equipments (like power saw, generator, rubber boat, oxygen tank, tower light, command tent, etc.) RATING RELATIVE VALUE LIGHT EQUIPMENTS F % Excellent 5 2 14.29 Very Satisfactory 4 6 42.86 Satisfactory 3 3 21.43 Poor 2 3 21.43 Very Poor 1 0 0 GRAND TOTAL 14 100 WEIGHTED MEAN 3.5 INTERPRETATION Satisfactory

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Out of the 14 Barangays, only 2 or 14.29% says that the availability and capacity of their light equipments were excellent, 6 or 42.86% states that it were very satisfactory, 3 or 21.43% says that it were Satisfactory, 3 or 21.43% states that it were Poor, and none have said that it was Very Poor. It has a computed waited mean of 3.5 which means that the availability and capacity of their light equipments to respond to the needs of the people in times of Calamities were Satisfactory. It is very evident that the City doesnt have enough light equipments to be used in times of calamities. That notion is actually present to most of all LGUs due to the lack of budget from the National Government. Table 15 This table presents the data gathered from the respective Barangays of Navotas City with regards to the availability and capacity of their Equipments in terms of Heavy Equipments (like dump truck, water tanker, road graders, telescopic crane, etc.) RATING RELATIVE VALUE HEAVY EQUIPMENTS F % Excellent 5 3 21.43 Very Satisfactory 4 4 28.57 Satisfactory 3 4 28.57 Poor 2 2 14.29 Very Poor 1 1 7.14 GRAND TOTAL 14 100 WEIGHTED MEAN 3.43 INTERPRETATION Satisfactory From the 14 Barangays, only 3 or 21.43% says that the availability and capacity of their heavy equipments were excellent, 4 or 28.57% states that it were very satisfactory, 4 or 28.57% says that it were Satisfactory, 2 or 14.29% states that it were Poor, and there is 1 who have said that it was Very Poor.

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It has a computed waited mean of 3.43 which means that the availability and capacity of their heavy equipments to respond to the needs of the people in times of Calamities were Satisfactory. The City doesnt have enough heavy equipment also to be used in times of calamities which is due to the lack of budget coming from the national government. Table 16 This table presents the data gathered from the respective Barangays of Navotas City with regards to capacity and responsive of Rescue and Reliefs in terms of Police Department. RATING RELATIVE POLICE DEPARTMENT VALUE f % Excellent 5 7 50.00 Very Satisfactory 4 6 42.86 Satisfactory 3 1 7.14 Poor 2 0 0 Very Poor 1 0 0 GRAND TOTAL 14 100 WEIGHTED MEAN 4.43 INTERPRETATION Very Satisfactory From the 14 Barangays, half of them said that the capacity of their Police Department as one component of their Rescue and Relief Operations was excellent, 6 or 42.86% affirmed that it was very satisfactory, only 1 or 7.14% have said that it was satisfactory, none of them gave a rating of poor, and very poor. The computed weighted mean was 4.43 which means that the capacity of their Police Department as one component of their Rescue and Relief Operations was very satisfactory. The rating is too high when it comes to Relief and Operations which means that the City has enough personnel and gadgets to be used in times of rescue and relief operations. This is because the Police Department is already devolved into

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Barangay level, thus, establishing a quarter per Barangay bringing the service closer to the people. Table 17 This table presents the data gathered from the respective Barangays of Navotas City with regards to capacity and responsive of Rescue and Reliefs in terms of Fire Department. RATING RELATIVE FIRE DEPARTMENT VALUE f % Excellent 5 7 50.00 Very Satisfactory 4 4 28.57 Satisfactory 3 2 14.29 Poor 2 1 7.14 Very Poor 1 0 0 GRAND TOTAL 14 100 WEIGHTED MEAN 4.21 INTERPRETATION Very Satisfactory From the 14 Barangays, half of them said that the capacity of their Fire Department as one component of their Rescue and Relief Operations was excellent, 4 or 28.57% affirmed that it was very satisfactory, 2 or 14.29% have said that it was satisfactory, only 1 or 7.14 gave a rating of poor, and none have said that it was very poor. The computed weighted mean was 4.21 which means that the capacity of their Fire Department as one component of their Rescue and Relief Operations was very satisfactory. It only shows that the City has enough personnel but still lacking of equipments to be used in times of rescue and relief as reflected in their ratings with regards to heavy and light equipments.

Table 18

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This table presents the data gathered from the respective Barangays of Navotas City with regards to capacity and responsive of Rescue and Reliefs in terms of Rescuer/Volunteer. RATING RELATIVE RESCUER/VOLUNTEER VALUE f % Excellent 5 7 50.00 Very Satisfactory 4 4 28.57 Satisfactory 3 1 7.14 Poor 2 2 14.29 Very Poor 1 0 0 GRAND TOTAL 14 100 WEIGHTED MEAN 4.14 INTERPRETATION Very Satisfactory Out of 14 Barangays, half of them said that the capacity of their Rescuers/Volunteers as one component of their Rescue and Relief Operations was excellent, 4 or 28.57% affirmed that it was very satisfactory, 1 or 7.14% have said that it was satisfactory, 2 or 14.29% gave a rating of poor, and none have said that it was very poor. The computed weighted mean was 4.14 which means that the capacity of their Rescuers/Volunteers as one component of their Rescue and Relief Operations was very satisfactory. The same notion applies to the volunteers and rescuers wherein there is enough manpower but still lacking of sufficient equipments and facilities. Table 19 This table presents the total data gathered from the respective Barangay of Navotas City with regards to Programs and Projects in terms of Prevention and Mitigation. PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS WEIGHTED (PREVENTION AND MITIGATION) MEAN 1.1 Regular declogging of drainage 4 1.2 Dredging and desilting activities in coordination with other 3.14 agencies 1.3 Proper waste disposal 4
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TOTAL MEAN INTERPRETATION

11.14 3.71 Very Satisfactory

From the 14 Barangays, the weighted mean for regular declogging of drainage and canals was 4, in terms of dredging and desilting activities in coordination with other agencies it was 3.14, and for proper waste disposal it was 4. The total weighted mean for the three was 11.14 and it has a mean of 3.71. This goes to show that in terms of prevention and mitigation the implementation of their programs and projects was very satisfactory. We can infer from the given data that the each barangay of the city really appreciates the efforts of their city government for them to be able to prevent and mitigate the bad effects of disasters. They possess a high level of contentment and satisfaction in the implementation of the component programs and projects under this category. Their local authorities obtain a high level of approval in the execution of these programs from each barangay. Table 20 This table presents the total data gathered from the respective Barangay of Navotas City with regards to Program and Projects in terms of Preparedness. PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS WEIGHTED (PREPAREDNESS) MEAN 1.4 Identification of appropriate location for food preparation 3.29 1.5 City wide-communication based early warning system 4.21 1.6 Provision of whistle, flash light and compass 3.36 1.7 Public information dissemination 4.43 1.8 Trainings and seminars on calamity preparedness 4.36 TOTAL 19.65 MEAN 3.93 INTERPRETATION Very Satisfactory From the 14 Barangays, the weighted mean for Identification of appropriate location for food preparation was 3.29, for City wide-community-based early warning
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system it was 4.21, for Provision of whistle, flash light, and compass it was 3.36, for Public information dissemination it was 4.43, and for Trainings and seminars on calamity preparedness it was 4.36. The total weighted mean for the four projects were 19.65 and it has a mean of 3.93. This goes to show that in terms of preparedness the implementation of their programs and projects was very satisfactory. From this data we can inferred that the barangay officials were very much contented on how their city-government mold their LGU to be prepared for the harmful effects of disasters. They perceived that the programs comprising their Preparedness measures were very effective to combat and minimize disasters harmful effects. Table 21 This table presents the total data gathered from the respective Barangay of Navotas City with regards to Program and Projects in terms of Response. PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS WEIGHTED (RESPONSE) MEAN 1.9 Proper documentation of damage, needs and assessment 4.29 TOTAL 4.29 MEAN 4.29 INTERPRETATION Very Satisfactory From the 14 Barangays, the weighted mean for the proper documentation of damage, needs, assessment was 4.29 which means that in terms of their response capability the implementation of their projects was very satisfactory. This data only shows that the barangay implementers were very contented and satisfied with the efforts of their city officials on how they react after the occurrence of a calamity. They view their city government as very responsive to the situation at hand. Table 22
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This table presents the total data gathered from the respective Barangay of Navotas City with regards to Program and Projects in terms of Recovery and Rehabilitation. PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS WEIGHTED (Recovery and Rehabilitation) MEAN 1.10 Coordination with neighbouring local governments 4.29 regarding rivers and roads clean-up drives 1.11 Stress debriefing for the community and government 3.93 employees involved TOTAL 8.22 MEAN 4.11 INTERPRETATION Very Satisfactory From the 14 Barangays, the weighted mean for Coordination with neighboring local governments regarding rivers and roads clean-up drives was 4.29 and for Stress debriefing for the community and government employees involved it was 3.93. The total weighted mean for the two projects were 8.22 and it has a mean of 4.11. This means that in terms of recovery and rehabilitation the implementation of their programs and projects was very satisfactory. With this data, it is clear that the barangays are really contented and happy with what their city authorities are doing in order to overcome the damages arising from calamities and rise again after such bad experience. They perceived such efforts to be really effective to bring back order in their city after the occurrence of a calamity.

Table 23 This table presents the total data gathered from the respective Barangay of Navotas City with regards to Programs and Projects in terms of Prevention and Mitigation, Preparedness, Response and Recovery and Rehabilitation. PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS WEIGHTED MEAN a. Prevention and Mitigation 3.71 b. Preparedness 3.93 c. Response 4.29
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d. Recovery and Rehabilitation TOTAL MEAN INTERPRETATION

4.11 16.04 4.01 Very Satisfactory

From the 14 Barangays of Navotas City, the weighted mean for Prevention and Mitigation was 3.71, for Preparedness it was 3.93, for Response it was 4.29, and for Recovery and Rehabilitation it was 4.11. The total weighted mean for the 4 categories was 16.04 and it has an average of 4.01. The said value means that the overall implementation of their Programs and Projects for Disaster Preparedness was very satisfactory. It is clear that all of the programs and projects of Navotas City for Disaster Resiliency under each category are very effective as perceived by each barangay. It manifests their contentment and high approval in the way those projects are being executed. Table 24 This table presents the total data gathered from the respective Barangay of Navotas City with regards to Facilities. FACILITIES WEIGHTED MEAN 2.1 Evacuation Centers 3.64 2.2 Hospitals 3.07 TOTAL 6.71 MEAN 3.36 INTERPRETATION Satisfactory From the 14 Barangays, the weighted mean for evacuation centers was 3.64 and for hospitals it was 3.07. The total weighted mean for the two categories under facilities was 6.71. The mean of the values was 3.36 which means that the availability and capacity of their facilities to respond to the needs of the people in times of calamities were Satisfactory. It can be inferred from the data shown that the facilities available for the use of citizens in times of calamities are just enough for
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their needs. They are quite satisfied on how their authorities provided them with the needed facilities for disaster resiliency.

Table 25 This table presents the total data gathered from the respective Barangay of Navotas City with regards to Equipments. EQUIPMENTS WEIGHTED MEAN 3.1 Light Equipments (power saw, generator, rubber boat, 3.5 oxygen tank, tower light, command tent, etc.) 3.2 Heavy Equipments (dump truck, water tanker, road graders, 3.43 telescopic crane, etc.) TOTAL 6.93 MEAN 3.47 INTERPRETATION Satisfactory From the 14 Barangays, the weighted mean for light equipments was 3.5 and for heavy equipments it was 3.43. The total of the two values was 6.93 and it has a mean of 3.47. The latter value shows that in terms of the availability and capacity of their equipments to respond to the needs of the people during calamities was satisfactory. The barangays perceived that both light and heavy equipments are just adequate for their needs. Their authorities made them quite satisfied on how they have provided them with those equipments.

Table 26 This table presents the total data gathered from the respective Barangay of Navotas City with regards to Rescue and Reliefs. RESCUE AND RELIEFS WEIGHTED MEAN 4.1 Police Department 4.43 4.2 Fire Department 4.21 4.3 Rescuer/ Volunteer 4.14 TOTAL 12.78 MEAN 4.26
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INTERPRETATION

Very Satisfactory

From the 14 Barangays, the weighted mean for Police Department was 4.43, for Fire Department it was 4.21, and for Rescuers/ Volunteers it was 4.14. The total of the three values was 12.78 which has a mean of 4.26. The mean of the three values shows that the capacity and responsiveness of their Rescue and Relief Operations was very satisfactory. These data at hand manifests that each barangay of Navotas City are very contented and glad on the performance of each component unit of their rescue and relief. They indeed declare that each unit have a high level of capacity and responsiveness.

Table 27 This table presents the total data gathered from the respective Barangay of Navotas City with regards to Programs and Projects, Facilities, Equipments and Rescue and Reliefs. CATEGORY WEIGHTED MEAN I. Programs and Projects (Prevention and Mitigation, 4.01 Preparedness, Response and Recovery) II. Facilities 3.36 III. Equipments 3.47 IV. Rescue and Reliefs 4.26 TOTAL 15.1 TOTAL MEAN 3.78 INTERPRETATION Very Satisfactory From the 14 Barangays, the weighted mean for Programs and Projects was 4.01, for Facilities it was 3.36, for Equipments it was 3.47, and for Rescue and Relief it was 4.26. The total weighted mean for the 4 values was 15.1 which has a mean of 3.78. The mean shows that the Level of Preparedness of Navotas City in times of Calamities was VERY SATISFACTORY. All in all, the barangay implementers have
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a high approval rating to all of the individual efforts of their city authorities in order to make their community a disaster resilient one. It is evident from the high satisfaction they acquire and the high approval they give to each component unit of their disaster resiliency program. Table 28 Ranking of the Perceived Suggestions and Recommendations by the Forteen Barangays of the City for the Betterment of their Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Suggested Programs and Projects Frequency Ranking House Elevation Program 7 3 Establish Evacuation Centers 8 2 Citizens Disaster Handbook 9 1 Equipment Dissemination to Every Barangay 7 3 Established Record of each Family Member in the 7 3 Community This table presents the perceived Suggestions of all Barangays in Navotas City for the Improvement of their Disaster Risk Reduction and Management. Seven (7) respondents said that there must be a House Elevation Program, 7 also said that there must be Equipment Dissemination to Every Barangay, the same was true for the Establishment of Family Record in the Community. Eight (8) affirm that there was still a need for the further Establishment of Evacuation Centers, and nine (9) or most of them declares that the publication of a Citizens Disaster Handbook must be the top priority. From the table above it is clear that the barangays of the city finds the necessity of providing every citizen a disaster handbook. For them, it is ideal that every constituent must be able to avail the handbook. Moreover, they also find that the establishment of additional evacuation centers is still needed so that they further recommended it. It will be more beneficial for them if they will be provided with
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additional ones. For them, a House Elevation Program; Equipment Dissemination to Every Barangay; and the Establishment of a Record of each Family Member in the Community must be given the least priority. Table 29 This table presents the data gathered from the constituents of the respective Barangays of Navotas City with regards to implementation of their Programs and Projects under the category of Prevention and Mitigation in terms of regular declogging of drainage and canals. RATING RELATIVE PREVENTION AND MITIGATION VALUE f % Excellent 5 0 0 Very Satisfactory 4 2 2.86 Satisfactory 3 16 22.86 Poor 2 41 58.57 Very Poor 1 11 15.71 GRAND TOTAL 100 100 WEIGHTED MEAN 2.13 INTERPRETATION Poor From the 70 constituents asked from the 14 Barangays, no one said that the implementation of drainage and canals regular declogging project was excellent, only 2 or 2.86% affirmed that it was very satisfactory, 16 or 22.86 percent said that it was satisfactory, more than half or 41(58.57%) declares that it was poor, and 11 or 15.71% have stated that it was Very Poor. The computed weighted mean is 2.13 which mean that the implementation of the regular declogging of drainage and canals as one way to prevent and mitigate the harmful effects of disasters was very poor. With the data shown here, it only proves that the constituents of the city government are very frustrated on the manner of implementation of the declogging of their drainage and canals. They perceived their local authorities concerned with the implementation of this specific program as

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very ineffective. They are disgusted with this scenario and they will definitely demand for an improvement to this particular program.

Table 30 This table presents the data gathered from the constituents of the respective Barangays of Navotas City with regards to implementation of their Programs and Projects under the category of Prevention and Mitigation in terms of dredging and desilting activities in coordination with other agencies. RATING RELATIVE PREVENTION AND MITIGATION VALUE F % Excellent 5 0 0 Very Satisfactory 4 0 0 Satisfactory 3 5 7.14 Poor 2 11 15.71 Very Poor 1 54 77.14 GRAND TOTAL 70 100 WEIGHTED MEAN 1.3 INTERPRETATION Very Poor Out of the 70 constituents asked from the 14 Barangays, none have said that the conduct of dredging and desilting activities in coordination with other agencies was excellent, the same is true for very satisfactory, 5 or 7.14 have said that it was satisfactory, there are 11 or 15.71% who declared that it was poor, and there were 54 who affirmed that it was Very Poor. The computed weighted mean was 1.3 which means that the conduct of dredging and desilting activities in coordination with other agencies as one way to prevent and mitigate the harmful effects of disasters was very poor. It can be inferred from the given data the high frustration of the constituents in the implementation of dredging and desilting activities in their city. This is not the way they wanted this particular program to be carried-out. For them, there exists a high level of ineffectiveness on the part of the authorities concerned in its implementation.
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Table 31 This table presents the data gathered from the constituents of the respective Barangays of Navotas City with regards to implementation of their Programs and Projects under the category of Prevention and Mitigation in terms of proper waste disposal. RATING RELATIVE PREVENTION AND MITIGATION VALUE F % Excellent 5 2 2.86 Very Satisfactory 4 8 11.43 Satisfactory 3 45 64.29 Poor 2 13 18.57 Very Poor 1 2 2.86 GRAND TOTAL 70 100 WEIGHTED MEAN 2.93 INTERPRETATION Satisfactory From the 70 constituents asked from the 14 Barangays, only 2 or 2.86% said that proper waste disposal was excellent, 8 or 11.43% of them affirmed that it was very satisfactory, more than half or 45(64.29%) have said that it was satisfactory, 13 or 18.57% of them declared that it was poor, and there were 2 or 2.86% who said that it was very poor. The computed weighted mean was 2.93 which means that proper waste disposal as one way to prevent and mitigate the harmful effects of disasters was satisfactory. It is evident that the constituents of the city are quite contented on how their wastes are being disposed. The rating they have given is a manifestation that the implementation of this particular project possesses enough effectiveness.

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Table 32 This table presents the data gathered from the constituents of the respective Barangays of Navotas City with regards to implementation of their Programs and Projects under the category of Preparedness in terms of Identification of appropriate location for food preparation. RATING RELATIVE PREPAREDNESS VALUE f % Excellent 5 0 0 Very Satisfactory 4 1 1.43 Satisfactory 3 5 7.14 Poor 2 24 34.29 Very Poor 1 40 57.14 GRAND TOTAL 70 100 WEIGHTED MEAN 1.53 INTERPRETATION Very Poor Out of the 70 constituents from the 14 Barangays, none have said that the identification of appropriate location for food preparation was excellent, only 1 or 1.43% of them affirmed that it was very satisfactory, only 5 or 7.14% have said that it was satisfactory, 24 or 34.29% declared that it was poor, and more than half or 40(57.14%) declares that it was very poor. It has a computed weighted mean of 1.53 which means that the identification of appropriate location for food preparation as a measure to be prepared for the harmful effects of disasters was very poor. This rating given by the constituents is a clear manifestation that a high level of ineffectiveness is present in the execution of this particular program. There is grave failure on the part of the authorities concerned in determining the proper location where foods shall be stored and prepared which shall be distributed to the affected citizens on the occurrence of a calamity.

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Table 33 This table presents the data gathered from the constituents of the respective Barangays of Navotas City with regards to implementation of their Programs and Projects under the category of Preparedness in terms of City wide-community based early warning system. RATING RELATIVE PREPAREDNESS VALUE f % Excellent 5 0 0 Very Satisfactory 4 5 7.14 Satisfactory 3 21 30 Poor 2 29 41.43 Very Poor 1 15 21.43 GRAND TOTAL 70 100 WEIGHTED MEAN 2.23 INTERPRETATION Poor From 70 constituents of the 14 Barangays, none have said that the presence of city-wide community based early warning system was excellent, only 5 or 7.14% affirmed that it was very satisfactory, 21 or 30% have said that it was satisfactory, 29 or 41.43% of them gave a rating of poor, and there were 15 or 21.43% who declared that it was very poor. It has a computed weighted mean of 2.23 which shows that the presence of city-wide community based early warning system as a measure to be prepared for the harmful effects of disasters was poor. We can infer from the data presented that the constituents find a medium level of ineffectiveness in the method of execution of this program. Even though there exist an early warning system in their city, they were not able to maximize its benefits.

Table 34 This table presents the data gathered from the constituents of the respective Barangays of Navotas City with regards to implementation of their Programs and Projects under the category of Preparedness in terms of Provision of whistle, flash light and compass.
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RELATIVE VALUE Excellent 5 Very Satisfactory 4 Satisfactory 3 Poor 2 Very Poor 1 GRAND TOTAL WEIGHTED MEAN INTERPRETATION

RATING

PREPAREDNESS f 0 0 6 21 43 70 1.47 Very Poor % 0 0 8.57 30 61.43 100

From the 70 constituents of the 14 Barangays, none have said that Provision of whistle, flash light and compass was excellent, there same is true for very satisfactory, only 6 or 8.57% have said that it was satisfactory, there were 21 or 30% who gave a rating of poor, and more than half or 43(61.43%) have declared that it was very poor. The computed weighted mean was 1.47 which shows that the Provision of whistle, flash light and compass as another measure to be prepared for the harmful effects of disasters was very poor. The rating given by the respondents is a clear evidence that they were not able to acquire the gadgets mentioned on this particular program. They are frustrated on the failure of their local officials to provide them with those gadgets which they can surely utilized when a natural calamity happens.

Table 35 This table presents the data gathered from the constituents of the respective Barangays of Navotas City with regards to implementation of their Programs and Projects under the category of Preparedness in terms of Public information dissemination. RATING RELATIVE PREPAREDNESS VALUE f % Excellent 5 0 0 Very Satisfactory 4 5 7.14 Satisfactory 3 19 27.14
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Poor Very Poor GRAND TOTAL WEIGHTED MEAN INTERPRETATION

2 1

36 10 70 2.27 Poor

51.43 14.29 100

Out of the 70 respondent citizens from the 14 Barangays, none of them said that public information dissemination was excellent, only 5 or 7.14% affirmed that it was very satisfactory, 19 or 27.14% have said that it was satisfactory, more than half or 36(51.43%) of them gave a rating of poor, and there were 10 or 14.29% who rate it as very poor. It has a computed weighted mean of 2.27 which goes to show that public information dissemination as one of the measures to be prepared for the harmful effects of disasters was poor. There is a shortcoming on the part of their local authorities in disseminating the needed information to their constituents as reflected on the rating given by the respondents for this specific project. Their constituents are not able to obtain the essential know-hows they must possess so that they know what to do when a calamity comes.

Table 36 This table presents the data gathered from the respective Barangays of Navotas City with regards to implementation of their Programs and Projects under the category of Preparedness in terms of Trainings and Seminar on Calamity preparedness. RATING RELATIVE PREPAREDNESS VALUE f % Excellent 5 0 0 Very Satisfactory 4 2 2.86 Satisfactory 3 7 10 Poor 2 20 28.57 Very Poor 1 41 58.57 GRAND TOTAL 70 100
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WEIGHTED MEAN INTERPRETATION

1.57 Poor

Out of 70 respondent citizens from the 14 Barangays, none of them said that the conduct of Trainings and Seminars on Calamity preparedness was excellent, only 2 or 2.86% affirmed that it was very satisfactory, 7 or 10% have said that it was satisfactory, there were 20 or 28.57% gave a rating of poor, and more than half or 41(58.57%) gave a rating very poor. The computed weighted mean was 1.57 which goes to show that conduct of Trainings and Seminars on Calamity preparedness as one of the measures to be prepared for the harmful effects of disasters was poor. Taking into consideration the rating given by the respondents, it is evident that the city government failed to train their constituents on Calamity Preparedness. City government officials concerned were ineffective in molding the capacity of their citizens to react with catastrophic events like natural disasters.

Table 37 This table presents the data gathered from constituents of the respective Barangays of Navotas City with regards to implementation of their Programs and Projects under the category of Response in terms of proper documentation of damage, needs and assessment. RATING RELATIVE RESPONSE VALUE F % Excellent 5 0 0 Very Satisfactory 4 0 0 Satisfactory 3 6 8.57 Poor 2 15 21.43 Very Poor 1 49 70 GRAND TOTAL 70 100 WEIGHTED MEAN 1.39 INTERPRETATION Very Poor

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From the 70 respondents of the 14 Barangays, none of them said that the response capability of the city through proper documentation of damage, needs and assessment was neither excellent nor satisfactory, only 6 or 8.57% have said that it was satisfactory, 15 or 21.43% of them gave a rating of poor, and the majority of them or 49 (70%) declared that it was very poor. The computed weighted mean was 1.39 which means that the capability of Navotas City to respond to calamities through proper documentation of damage, needs and assessment very poor. With this given data, we can infer that there is a grave shortcoming on the part of their city authorities to respond in the time of occurrence of a calamity. Great frustration exists on the part of the respondent constituents on how their city government reacts to the situation. Table 38 This table presents the data gathered from constituents of the respective Barangays of Navotas City with regards to implementation of their Programs and Projects under the category of Recovery and Rehabilitation in terms of coordination with neighboring local governments regarding rivers and roads clean-up drives. RATING RELATIVE RECOVERY AND REHABILITATION VALUE F % Excellent 5 0 0 Very Satisfactory 4 3 4.29 Satisfactory 3 23 32.86 Poor 2 35 50 Very Poor 1 9 12.86 GRAND TOTAL 70 100 WEIGHTED MEAN 2.29 INTERPRETATION Poor Out of 70 respondent citizens of the 14 Barangays, none have said that the citys coordination with neighboring local governments regarding rivers and roads clean-up drives was excellent, only 3 or 4.29% affirmed that it was very satisfactory,

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23 or 32.86% have said that it was satisfactory, half of them gave a rating of poor, and there were 9 or 12.86% who declared that it was very poor. The computed weighted mean is 2.29 which means that the citys coordination with neighboring local governments regarding rivers and roads clean-up drives as one of the measures to recover and rehabilitate their city after a calamity was poor. It means that the local government of Navotas City should be well coordinated to the constituents especially the leaders of every community to disseminate the information and coordinate to the rivers and clean up drives.

Table 39 This table presents the data gathered from the constituents of the respective Barangays of Navotas City with regards to implementation of their Programs and Projects under the category of Recovery and Rehabilitation in terms of stress debriefing for the community and government employee involved. RATING RELATIVE RECOVERY AND REHABILITATION VALUE F % Excellent 5 0 0 Very Satisfactory 4 0 0 Satisfactory 3 8 11.43 Poor 2 25 35.71 Very Poor 1 37 52.86 GRAND TOTAL 70 100 WEIGHTED MEAN 1.59 INTERPRETATION Poor From the 70 respondents of the 14 Barangays, none have said that stress debriefing for the community and government employee involved as another measure for recovery and rehabilitation was neither excellent nor very satisfactory, 8 or 11.43% affirmed that it was satisfactory, 25 or 35.71% have said that it was poor, and more than half of them or 37(52.86%) declared that it was very poor.
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The computed weighted mean is 1.59 which means that stress debriefing for the community and government employee involved as another measure for recovery and rehabilitation was poor. It implicates that the local governments role of debriefing its constituents after a disaster or natural calamity is very poor. The government should employ more social workers to help the community against the disturbances after a certain calamity. Table 40 This table presents the data gathered from the constituents of respective Barangays of Navotas City with regards to the availability and capacity of their Facilities in terms of Evacuation Centers RATING RELATIVE VALUE EVACUATION CENTERS F % Excellent 5 0 0 Very Satisfactory 4 0 0 Satisfactory 3 9 12.86 Poor 2 50 71.43 Very Poor 1 11 15.71 GRAND TOTAL 70 100 WEIGHTED MEAN 1.97 INTERPRETATION POOR From the 70 constituents asked from the 14 barangays, none or 0% said that the availability and capacity of their evacuation centers were excellent, 0 or 0% stated that it were very satisfactory, 9 or 12.86% said that these were Satisfactory, 50 or 71.43% states that it were Poor, and 11 or 15.71% said that it was Very Poor. The computed weighted mean for evacuation centers is 1.97 which means that the availability and capacity of their evacuation areas to respond to the needs of the people in times of Calamities were Poor.

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It really means that the facilities of the local government are very inadequate and that they should produce more facilities to cater all the constituents. Reconstruction of new evacuation centers is very vital but the repair and improvement of classrooms for future purposes should be the first hand objective of the government to mitigate the problems on evacuation centers.

Table 41 This table presents the data gathered from the constituents of respective Barangays of Navotas City with regards to the availability and capacity of their Facilities in terms of Hospitals RATING RELATIVE VALUE HOSPITALS F % Excellent 5 0 0 Very Satisfactory 4 10 14.29 Satisfactory 3 Poor 2 Very Poor 1 GRAND TOTAL WEIGHTED MEAN INTERPRETATION 36 22 2 70 2.77 Satisfactory 51.43 31.43 2.86 100

From the 70 constituents of the 14 barangays, none or 0 % says that the availability and capacity of their hospitals were excellent, 10 or 14.29% states that it were very satisfactory, 36 or 51.43% says that it were Satisfactory, 22 or 31.43% states that it were Poor, and 2 or 2.86% said that it was Very Poor. The computed weighted mean is 2.77 which means that the availability and capacity of their evacuation areas to respond to the needs of the people in times of Calamities were Satisfactory.

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The Local Government of Navotas City is initiating efforts of reconstruction of their first hospital and it seems that the constituents are satisfied to the programs of the government in terms of its medical services.

Table 42 This table presents the data gathered from the constituents of respective Barangays of Navotas City with regards to the availability and capacity of their Equipments in terms of Light Equipments (like power saw, generator, rubber boat, oxygen tank, tower light, command tent, etc.) RATING RELATIVE VALUE LIGHT EQUIPMENTS F % Excellent 5 5 7.14 Very Satisfactory 4 0 0 Satisfactory 3 20 28.57 Poor 2 42 60 Very Poor 1 3 4.29 GRAND TOTAL 70 100 WEIGHTED MEAN 2.46 INTERPRETATION Poor From the 70 constituents of the 14 Barangays, only 5 or 7.14% says that the availability and capacity of their light equipments were excellent, 0 or 0% states that it were very satisfactory, 20 or 28.57% says that it were Satisfactory, 42 or 60.00% states that it were Poor, and 3 or 4.29% said that it was Very Poor. The computed weighted mean is 2.46 which mean that the availability and capacity of their light equipments to respond to the needs of the people in times of Calamities were Poor. The local government should incorporate more on its light equipments and funds should also be allocated to provide these equipments for a more effective resiliency program. Table 43
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This table presents the data gathered from the constituents of respective Barangays of Navotas City with regards to the availability and capacity of their Equipments in terms of Heavy Equipments (like dump truck, water tanker, road graders, telescopic crane, etc.) RATING RELATIVE VALUE HEAVY EQUIPMENTS F % Excellent 5 5 7.14 Very Satisfactory 4 0 0 Satisfactory 3 Poor 2 Very Poor 1 GRAND TOTAL WEIGHTED MEAN INTERPRETATION 26 37 2 70 2.56 Poor 37.14 52.86 2.86 100

From the 70 constituents of the 14 Barangays, only 5 or 7.14% says that the availability and capacity of their heavy equipments were excellent, 0 or 0% states that it were very satisfactory, 26 or 37.14% says that it were Satisfactory, 37 or 52.86% states that it were Poor, and there is 2 or 2.86% who have said that it was Very Poor. The computed weighted mean is 2.56 which mean that the availability and capacity of their heavy equipments to respond to the needs of the people in times of Calamities were Poor. Heavy equipments should be prioritized because it would be a great help for the constituents but it seems that the local government should prioritize these objectives of the government.

Table 44 This table presents the data gathered from the constituents of respective Barangays of Navotas City with regards to capacity and responsive of Rescue and Reliefs in terms of Police Department. RATING RELATIVE POLICE DEPARTMENT
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VALUE Excellent 5 Very Satisfactory 4 Satisfactory 3 Poor 2 Very Poor 1 GRAND TOTAL WEIGHTED MEAN INTERPRETATION

F 6 40 22 2 0 70

% 8.57 57.14 31.43 2.86 0 100 3.71 Very Satisfactory

From the 70 constituents of the 14 Barangays, 6 or 8.57% said that the capacity of their Police Department as one component of their Rescue and Relief Operations was excellent, 4 or 57.14% affirmed that it was very satisfactory, 22 or 31.43% have said that it was satisfactory, 2 or 2.86% gave a rating of poor, and none gave a rating of very poor. The computed weighted mean is 3.71 which mean that the capacity of their Police Department as one component of their Rescue and Relief Operations was very satisfactory. The constituents are really satisfied on the police department of their city government and this means that the police department is really efficient on its services.

Table 45 This table presents the data gathered from the constituents of respective Barangays of Navotas City with regards to capacity and responsive of Rescue and Reliefs in terms of Fire Department. RATING RELATIVE FIRE DEPARTMENT VALUE F % Excellent 5 4 5.71 Very Satisfactory 4 13 18.57 Satisfactory 3 35 50 Poor 2 18 25.71 Very Poor 1 0 0
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GRAND TOTAL WEIGHTED MEAN INTERPRETATION

70 3.04 Satisfactory

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From the 70 constituents of the 14 Barangays, 4 or 5.71% said that the capacity of their Fire Department as one component of their Rescue and Relief Operations was excellent, 13 or 18.57% affirmed that it was very satisfactory, 35 or 50.00% have said that it was satisfactory, only 18 or 25.71% gave a rating of poor, and none have said that it was very poor. The computed weighted mean is 3.04 which mean that the capacity of their Fire Department as one component of their Rescue and Relief Operations was satisfactory. It only necessitates that the Fire Departments role in promoting rescue and relief in times of calamities is only realized with a fair satisfaction from the constituents.

Table 46 This table presents the data gathered from the constituents of respective Barangays of Navotas City with regards to capacity and responsive of Rescue and Reliefs in terms of Rescuer/Volunteer. RATING RELATIVE RESCUER/VOLUNTEER VALUE F % Excellent 5 5 7.14 Very Satisfactory 4 7 10.00 Satisfactory 3 38 54.29 Poor 2 18 25.71 Very Poor 1 2 2.86 GRAND TOTAL 70 100 WEIGHTED MEAN 2.93 INTERPRETATION Satisfactory

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Out of 70 constituents from the 14 Barangays, only 5 or 7.14% said that the capacity of their Rescuers/Volunteers as one component of their Rescue and Relief Operations was excellent, 7 or 10.00% affirmed that it was very satisfactory, 38 or 54.29% have said that it was satisfactory, 18 or 25.71% gave a rating of poor, and 2 or 2.86% said that it was very poor. The computed weighted mean is 2.93 which mean that the capacity of their Rescuers/Volunteers as one component of their Rescue and Relief Operations was satisfactory. This only means that the constituents perceived a fair and balanced view of the rescuers and volunteers. Efforts should be exerted more to increase the constituents satisfaction towards the response of rescuer/volunteer in times of calamities. Table 47 This table presents the data gathered from the constituents of respective Barangays of Navotas City with regards to capacity and responsive of Rescue and Reliefs in terms of Barangay. RATING RELATIVE BARANGAY VALUE F % Excellent 5 6 8.57 Very Satisfactory 4 9 12.86 Satisfactory 3 41 58.57 Poor 2 12 17.14 Very Poor 1 2 2.86 GRAND TOTAL 70 100 WEIGHTED MEAN 3.07 INTERPRETATION Satisfactory Out of 70 constituents from the 14 Barangays, only 6 or 8.57% said that the capacity of their Rescuers/Volunteers as one component of their Rescue and Relief Operations was excellent, 9 or 12.86% affirmed that it was very satisfactory, 41 or
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58.57% have said that it was satisfactory, 12 or 17.14% gave a rating of poor, and 2 or 2.86% said that it was very poor. The computed weighted mean is 3.07 which mean that the capacity of their Rescuers/Volunteers as one component of their Rescue and Relief Operations was satisfactory. A satisfactory rating would connote large scale improvement on the rescue and relief operations of the city. Furthermore, various strategies should be emphasized to promote the disaster resiliency program of the city for future risks and dilemmas that the city would face.

Table 48 This table presents the total data gathered from the constituents of respective Barangay of Navotas City with regards to Programs and Projects in terms of Prevention and Mitigation. PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS WEIGHTED (PREVENTION AND MITIGATION) MEAN 1.1 Regular declogging of drainage 2.13 1.2 Dredging and desilting activities in coordination with other 1.3 agencies 1.3 Proper waste disposal 2.93 TOTAL 6.36 MEAN 2.12 INTERPRETATION Poor From the 70 constituents 14 Barangays, the weighted mean for regular declogging of drainage and canals was 2.13, in terms of dredging and desilting activities in coordination with other agencies it was 1.3, and for proper waste disposal it was 2.93.

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The total weighted mean for the three is 6.36 and its mean is 2.12. This goes to show that in terms of prevention and mitigation the implementation of their programs and projects was poor. In terms of the prevention and mitigation program of the city, the interpretation of very poor further exacerbates the notion the citys poor prevent ion and mitigation program. It will be related to failing grade to resiliency of the city in times of calamities and natural disaster so it should yield more importance and attention with the citys risk reduction and management program.

Table 49 This table presents the total data gathered from the constituents of respective Barangay of Navotas City with regards to Program and Projects in terms of Preparedness. PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS WEIGHTED (PREPAREDNESS) MEAN 1.4 Identification of appropriate location for food preparation 1.53 1.5 City wide-communication based early warning system 2.23 1.6 Provision of whistle, flash light and compass 1.47 1.7 Public information dissemination 2.27 1.8 Trainings and seminars on calamity preparedness 1.57 TOTAL 9.07 MEAN 1.81 INTERPRETATION Poor From the 70 constituents of 14 Barangays, the weighted mean for Identification of appropriate location for food preparation was 1.53, for City widecommunity-based early warning system it was 2.23, for Provision of whistle, flash light, and compass it was 1.47, for Public information dissemination it was 2.27, and for Trainings and seminars on calamity preparedness it was 1.57.

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The total weighted mean for the five projects were 9.07 and its mean is 1.81. This goes to show that in terms of preparedness the implementation of their programs and projects was poor. The preparedness measures being interpreted as poor by the constituents simply mean that the preparedness measures which is the internal and comprehensive part of the resiliency program of the Navotas City is poor. It should be noted that it is the core responsibility of the local government to intensify its program on the preparedness of Navotas City Local Government.

Table 50 This table presents the total data gathered from the constituents of respective Barangay of Navotas City with regards to Program and Projects in terms of Response. PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS WEIGHTED (RESPONSE) MEAN 1.9 Proper documentation of damage, needs and assessment 1.39 TOTAL 1.39 MEAN 1.39 INTERPRETATION Very Satisfactory From the 70 constituents of 14 Barangays, the weighted mean for the proper documentation of damage, needs, assessment is 1.39 which means that in terms of their response capability the implementation of their projects was very poor. The documentation program is really excellent and it really implies that it should serve as a reference for further study and assessment of the Navotas City Local Government Resiliency Program.

Table 51 This table presents the total data gathered from the constituents of respective Barangay of Navotas City with regards to Program and Projects in terms of Recovery and Rehabilitation.
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PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS (Recovery and Rehabilitation) 1.10 Coordination with neighbouring local governments regarding rivers and roads clean-up drives 1.11 Stress debriefing for the community and government employees involved TOTAL MEAN INTERPRETATION

WEIGHTED MEAN 2.29 1.59 3.88 1.94 Poor

From the 70 constituents of 14 Barangays, the weighted mean for Coordination with neighboring local governments regarding rivers and roads cleanup drives was 2.29 and for Stress debriefing for the community and government employees involved it was 1.59. The total weighted mean for the two projects is 3.88 and its mean is 1.94. This means that in terms of recovery and rehabilitation the implementation of their programs and projects was poor. The recovery and rehabilitation interpretation is poor and that it should be taken into account by the local government. It will be best catered if all the units of the local government would be alert at all times in times calamities and natural disasters.

Table 52 This table presents the total data gathered from the constituents of respective Barangay of Navotas City with regards to Programs and Projects in terms of Prevention and Mitigation, Preparedness, Response and Recovery and Rehabilitation. PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS WEIGHTED MEAN a. Prevention and Mitigation, , and) 2.12 b. Preparedness 1.81 c. Response 1.39 d. Recovery and Rehabilitation 1.94 TOTAL 7.26
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MEAN INTERPRETATION

1.82 Poor

From the 70 constituents 14 Barangays of Navotas City, the weighted mean for Prevention and Mitigation was 2.12, for Preparedness it was 1.81, for Response it was 1.39, and for Recovery and Rehabilitation it was 1.94. The total weighted mean for the 4 categories is 7.26 and its average is 1.82. The said value means that the overall implementation of their Programs and Projects for Disaster Preparedness was poor. The constituents interpretation of poor to the programs and projects means that there should be a more visible implementation of the programs and projects of the Disaster Resiliency of Navotas City. This would be a very valuable reason to promote the resiliency of Navotas City.

Table 53 This table presents the total data gathered from the constituents of respective Barangay of Navotas City with regards to Facilities. FACILITIES WEIGHTED MEAN 2.1 Evacuation Centers 1.97 2.2 Hospitals 2.77 TOTAL 4.74 MEAN 2.37 INTERPRETATION Poor From the 70 constituents of 14 Barangays, the weighted mean for evacuation centers is 1.97 and for hospitals it is 2.77. The total weighted mean for the two categories under facilities was 4.74. The mean of the values was 2.37 which mean that the availability and capacity of their facilities to respond to the needs of the people in times of calamities were Poor.

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The availability and capacity would best be served if the local government would provide more facilities and enforce the efficient utilization of these. It will be a vital help for the resiliency program of the city. Table 54 This table presents the total data gathered from the constituents of respective Barangay of Navotas City with regards to Equipments. EQUIPMENTS WEIGHTED MEAN 3.1 Light Equipments (power saw, generator, rubber boat, 2.46 oxygen tank, tower light, command tent, etc.) 3.2 Heavy Equipments (dump truck, water tanker, road graders, 2.56 telescopic crane, etc.) TOTAL 5.02 MEAN 2.51 INTERPRETATION Poor From the 70 constituents of 14 Barangays, the weighted mean for light equipments is 2.46 and for heavy equipments it is 2.56. The total of the two values was 5.02 and it has a mean of 2.51. The latter value shows that in terms of the availability and capacity of their equipments to respond to the needs of the people during calamities was Poor. The necessity to improve the facilities and equipments is very indispensable to promote the resiliency measures of the city. Furthermore, the local city government would best be accounted for if the government would provide more funds for these. Table 55 This table presents the total data gathered from the constituents of respective Barangay of Navotas City with regards to Rescue and Reliefs. RESCUE AND RELIEFS WEIGHTED MEAN 4.1 Police Department 3.71 4.2 Fire Department 3.04 4.3 Rescuer/Volunteer 2.93 4.3 Barangay 3.07 TOTAL 12.75 MEAN 3.19 INTERPRETATION Satisfactory

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From the 70 constituents of the 14 Barangays, the weighted mean for Police Department is 3.71, for Fire Department it is 3.04, for Rescuers/ Volunteers it is 2.93 and for the barangay is 3.07. The total of the four values is 12.75 which have a mean of 3.19. The mean of the three values shows that the capacity and responsiveness of their Rescue and Relief Operations was Satisfactory. Rescue and relief operations realizing to be satisfactory would promote balance perception but it does end there. The government should not stop of improving its plans and programs for best practices of the government and for the resiliency program of the city government.

Table 56 This table presents the total data gathered from the constituents of respective Barangay of Navotas City with regards to Programs and Projects, Facilities, Equipments and Rescue and Reliefs. CATEGORY WEIGHTED MEAN I. Programs and Projects (Prevention and Mitigation, 1.82 Preparedness, Response and Recovery) II. Facilities 2.37 III. Equipments 2.51 IV. Rescue and Reliefs 3.19 TOTAL 9.89 TOTAL MEAN 2.47 INTERPRETATION Poor

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From the 70 Barangays of the 14 Barangays, the weighted mean for Programs and Projects was 1.82, for Facilities it was 2.37, for Equipments it was 2.51, and for Rescue and Relief it was 3.19. The total weighted mean for the 4 values was 9.89 which has a mean of 2.47. The mean shows that the Level of Preparedness of Navotas City in times of Calamities was POOR. It only means that all in all, the local city government does not correlate its interpretations to the constituents. The governments interpretation to its programs and projects is not congruent to the constituents perception to the plans and programs of the city so it should be cared of, extensively. Table 57 Ranking of the Perceived Suggestions and Recommendations from the constituents by the Forteen Barangays of the City for the Betterment of their Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Suggested Programs and Projects Frequency Ranking House Elevation Program 0 5 Establish Evacuation Centers 24 2 Early Warning System through text 18 3 Citizens Disaster Handbook 1 4 Equipment Dissemination 28 1 Established Record of each Family Member in the 0 5 Community This table presents the perceived Suggestions of all Barangays constituents in Navotas City for the Improvement of their Disaster Risk Reduction and Management. No (0) respondents said that there must be a House Elevation Program, 28 also said that there must be Equipment Dissemination to Every Barangay, while none (0) said of a Establishment of Family Record in the Community. Twenty-four (24) affirm that there was still a need for the further

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Establishment of Evacuation Centers, and only one (1) declares that the publication of a Citizens Disaster Handbook must be the top priority. This only means that the equipment dissemination is vital in the constituents and further establishment of evacuation centers is in dire need also. This finally mean that equipments and facilities are the main aspects that the local government should assimilate in order to improve its disaster program.

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CHAPTER V SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS This chapter presents the summary of all data collected from the conducted survey in the selected respondents of Navotas City, the conclusions made out of the result of this study, and the proposed recommendations in supplement to the development to the Citys Disaster Management and so with progress of upcoming research study with the same purpose. This study was conducted for the purpose of determining the level of resiliency of Navotas City Disaster Risk Reduction Management based on the framework, or guidelines and standards set by the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council. A descriptive method of research and normative survey technique were used for data gathering in order to measure the level of satisfaction of the qualified respondents who were chosen through a purposive sampling method. The questionnaire was used as an instrument in the collection of relevant data in all the Barangays of Navotas City, having their respective Barangay official as the respondents. Summary of Findings (Comparison of the two data Implementers versus Constituents) After all the relevant data were properly recorded and interpreted, the researchers found that the level of resiliency of Navotas City, with regards to the Implementation of their Programs and Projects in terms of Prevention and Mitigation, Preparedness, Response, and Recovery and Rehabilitation, was rated as Very Satisfactory as reflected in their computed weighted mean of 3.71, 3.93, 4.29, and

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4.11 respectively on the part of Implementers. Meanwhile, on the part of the constituents, in terms of the four categories mentioned earlier, they rated the implementation of their Programs and Projects as Poor as reflected in their computed weighted mean of 2.12, 1.81, 1.39 and 1.94 respectively. With regards to the availability and capacity of their Facilities to respond to the needs of the people in terms of Evacuation Centers taking into account the relief goods, enough space, electricity, water supply, sanitation, etc., the weighted mean is 3.64 which are tantamount to Very Satisfactory rating on the implementers. Again, on the part of implementers, considering the Hospitals, covering the availability of doctors, equipments, facilities, medicines, etc., the weighted mean is 3.07 which equivalent to Satisfactory. On the part of the constituents, based on the factors mentioned above regarding Evacuation Centers, the weighted mean is 1.97 and the interpretation is Poor. On the part of the hospitals, it is 2.77 which is Satisfactory. But the weighted mean of the two which comprise the facilities is 2.37 which is Poor. On the availability and capacity of the equipments of Navotas City to respond to the needs of the people in times of calamity in terms of light equipments and heavy equipments, the actual rating is Satisfactory as represented in the computed weighted mean are 3.5 and 3.43 respectively on the part of the implementers. Finally, the capacity and responsiveness of the rescue and reliefs was rated by the implementers as Very Satisfactory having the computed weighted mean of 4.43, 4.21, and 4.14 respectively. Meanwhile, on the part of the constituents, the light and heavy equipments got a computed weighted mean of 2.46 and 2.56 respectively. But the two are interpreted as Poor. On the rescue and relief, the constituents rated

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them as Satisfactory with the weighted mean of 3.71, 3.04, 2.93, and 3.07 respectively. As a whole, the final rating of Navotas City considering the four categories programs and project, facilities, equipments and rescue and reliefs with respect to their individual components, the final rating is Very Satisfactory with a final computed weighted mean of 3.78. Meanwhile, on the constituents, they rated it as Poor with a computed weighted mean of 2.47. Conclusion (Based on the Summary of Findings from the two set of data) After the rigid study conducted in Navotas City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management, the validation of the initial assessment by the qualified respondents both the implementers and the constituents and upon the analyses and

interpretations made from the results of this study, with regards to the resiliency of Navotas City in times calamities, the researchers therefore conclude that: 1. Even though the implementers assert that their implementation of the programs and projects of Navotas City is very satisfactory, it is clear that it is inconsistent with the perception of the constituents who are the direct beneficiaries. 2. Despite the fact that the implementers provided relatively adequate facilities, still the constituents find it inadequate for their needs in times of disasters and natural calamities. 3. Although the implementers had provided slightly adequate equipments, both light and heavy, the constituents find it insufficient for their needs in times of calamities. 4. There is a slight inconsistency on the way the implementers and the

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constituents perceive the capacity and responsiveness of their rescue and relief. 5. The citizens of Navotas City does not attain full benefits from the efforts of their City Government even though their authorities claim that it is well implemented.\ Recommendation For the purpose of further studies to be conducted by future researchers having the purpose or objective and for the benefits of other local government units who may want to replicate or base upon to Navotas City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management, the following recommendations, based on the conclusions made, are hereby proposed: 1. The Navotas City authorities shall make sure that their citizens attain the full benefits of the programs and projects that they implement towards the disaster resiliency of their city. A plain assertion that it is very well implemented is not enough when it is not being realized by the direct beneficiaries. 2. The Navotas City government shall ensure that the facilities for their disaster resiliency are being maximized by their constituents. 3. The City Government of Navotas shall prioritize that the proper dissemination of adequate equipments to all of its barangays. 4. The police, fire department, rescuer/volunteer, as well as the barangay officials shall undergo additional trainings to increase their capabilities to help their citizens during disasters. 5. The Navotas City Government shall allocate more time, knowledge, intelligence, effort, fund, and commitment in making their local government

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unit a disaster resilient community. 6. It is recommended that similar researches should be conducted in other places. Other local government units should also assess the status of their disaster resiliency so that if similar problems and deficiencies are found, concerted efforts may be exerted to make each LGU in our country a disaster resilient one.

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APPENDICE S

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APPENDIX A COPY OF RA 10121 REPUBLIC ACT No. 10121 AN ACT STRENGTHENING THE PHILIPPINE DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, PROVIDING FOR THE NATIONAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK AND INSTITUTIONALIZING THE NATIONAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT PLAN, APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFOR AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES. it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines in Congress assembled: Section 1. Title. - This Act shall be known as the "Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010". Section 2. Declaration of Policy. - It shall be the policy of the State to: (a) Uphold the people's constitutional rights to life and property by addressing the root causes of vulnerabilities to disasters, strengthening the country's institutional capacity for disaster risk reduction and management and building the resilience of local communities to disasters including climate change impacts; (b) Adhere to and adopt the universal norms, principles and standards of humanitarian assistance and the global effort on risk reduction as concrete expression of the country's commitment to overcome human sufferings due to recurring disasters; (c) Incorporate internationally accepted principles of disaster risk management in the creation and implementation of national, regional and local sustainable development and poverty reduction strategies, policies, plans and budgets; (d) Adopt a disaster risk reduction and management approach that is holistic, comprehensive, integrated, and proactive in lessening the socioeconomic and environmental impacts of disasters including climate change, and promote the involvement and participation of all sectors and all stakeholders concerned, at all levels, especially the local community;

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(e) Develop, promote, and implement a comprehensive National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan (NDRRMP) that aims to strengthen the capacity of the national government and the local government units (LGUs), together with partner stakeholders, to build the disaster resilience of communities, and' to institutionalize arrangements and measures for reducing disaster risks, including projected climate risks, and enhancing disaster preparedness and response capabilities at all levels; (f) Adopt and implement a coherent, comprehensive, integrated, efficient and responsive disaster risk reduction program incorporated in the development plan at various levels of government adhering to the principles of good governance such as transparency and accountability within the context of poverty alleviation and environmental protection; (g) Mainstream disaster risk reduction and climate change in development processes such as policy formulation, socioeconomic development planning, budgeting, and governance, particularly in the areas of environment, agriculture, water, energy, health, education, poverty reduction, land-use and urban planning, and public infrastructure and housing, among others; (h) Institutionalize the policies, structures, coordination mechanisms and programs with continuing budget appropriation on disaster risk reduction from national down to local levels towards building a disaster-resilient nation and communities; (i) Mainstream disaster risk reduction into the peace process and conflict resolution approaches in order to minimize loss of lives and damage to property, and ensure that communities in conflict zones can immediately go back to their normal lives during periods of intermittent conflicts; (j) Ensure that disaster risk reduction and climate change measures are gender responsive, sensitive to indigenous know ledge systems, and respectful of human rights; (k) Recognize the local risk patterns across the country and strengthen the capacity of LGUs for disaster risk reduction and management through decentralized powers, responsibilities, and resources at the regional and local levels; (l) Recognize and strengthen the capacities of LGUs and communities in mitigating and preparing for, responding to, and recovering from the impact of disasters; (m) Engage the participation of civil society organizations (CSOs), the private sector and volunteers in the government's disaster risk reduction programs towards complementation of resources and effective delivery of services to the Citizenry; (n) Develop and strengthen the capacities of vulnerable and marginalized groups to mitigate, prepare for, respond to, and recover from the effects of disasters; (o) Enhance and implement a program where humanitarian aid workers, communities, health professionals, government aid agencies, donors, and the media
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are educated and trained on how they can actively support breastfeeding before and during a disaster and/or an emergency; and (p) Provide maximum care, assistance and services to individuals and families affected by disaster, implement emergency rehabilitation projects to lessen the impact of disaster, and facilitate resumption of normal social and economic activities. Section 3. Definition of Terms. - For purposes of this Act, the following shall refer to: (a) "Adaptation" - the adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects, which moderates harm or exploits beneficial opportunities. (b) "Capacity" - a combination of all strengths and resources available within a community, society or organization that can reduce the level of risk, or effects of a disaster. Capacity may include infrastructure and physical means, institutions, societal coping abilities, as well as human knowledge, skills and collective attributes such as social relationships, leadership and management. Capacity may also be described as capability. (c) "Civil Society Organizations" Or "CSOs" - non-state actors whose aims are neither to generate profits nor to seek governing power. CSOs unite people to advance shared goals and interests. They have a presence in public life, expressing the interests and values of their members or others, and are based on ethical, cultural, scientific, religious or philanthropic considerations. CSOs include nongovernment organizations (NGOs), professional associations, foundations, independent research institutes, community-based organizations (CBOs), faithbased organizations, people's organizations, social movements, and labor unions. (d) "Climate Change" - a change in climate that can' be identified by changes in the mean and/or variability of its properties and that persists for an extended period typically decades or longer, whether due to natural variability or as a result of human activity. (e) "Community-Based Disaster Risk Reduction and Management" or "CBDRRM" - a process of disaster risk reduction and management in which at risk communities are actively engaged in the identification, analysis, treatment, monitoring and evaluation of disaster risks in order to reduce their vulnerabilities and enhance their capacities, and where the people are at the heart of decision-making and implementation of disaster risk reduction and management activities. (f) "Complex Emergency" - a form of human-induced emergency in which the cause of the emergency as well as the assistance to the afflicted IS complicated by intense level of political considerations. (g) "Contingency Planning" - a management process that analyzes specific potential events or emerging situations that might threaten society or the environment and establishes arrangements in advance to enable timely, effective and appropriate responses to such events and situations.
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(h) "Disaster" - a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources. Disasters are often described as a result of the combination of: the exposure to a hazard; the conditions of vulnerability that are present; and insufficient capacity or measures to reduce or cope with the potential negative consequences, Disaster impacts may include loss of life, injury, disease and other negative effects on human, physical, mental and social well-being, together with damage to property, destruction of assets, loss of services, Social and economic disruption and environmental degradation.1avvphi1 (i) "Disaster Mitigation" - the lessening or limitation of the adverse impacts of hazards and related disasters. Mitigation measures encompass engineering techniques and hazard-resistant construction as well as improved environmental policies and public awareness. (j) "Disaster Preparedness" - the knowledge and capacities developed by governments, professional response and recovery organizations, communities and individuals to effectively anticipate, respond to, and recover from, the Impacts of likely, imminent or current hazard events or conditions. Preparedness action is carried out within the context of disaster risk reduction and management and aims to build the capacities needed to efficiently manage all types of emergencies and achieve orderly transitions from response to sustained recovery. Preparedness is based on a sound analysis of disaster risk and good linkages with early warning systems, and includes such activities as contingency planning, stockpiling of equipment and supplies, the development of arrangements for coordination, evacuation and public information, and associated training and field exercises. These must be supported by formal institutional, legal and budgetary capacities. (k) "Disaster Prevention" - the outright avoidance of adverse impacts of hazards and related disasters. It expresses the concept and intention to completely avoid potential adverse impacts through action taken in advance such as construction of dams or embankments that eliminate flood risks, land-use regulations that do not permit any settlement in high-risk zones, and seismic engineering designs that ensure the survival and function of a critical building in any likely earthquake. (l) "Disaster Response" - the provision of emergency services and public assistance during or immediately after a disaster in order to save lives, reduce health impacts, ensure public safety and meet the basic subsistence needs of the people affected. Disaster response is predominantly focused on immediate and short-term needs and is sometimes called "disaster relief". (m) "Disaster Risk" - the potential disaster losses in lives, health status, livelihood, assets and services, which could occur to a particular community or a Society over some specified future time period. (n) "Disaster Risk Reduction" - the concept and practice of reducing disaster risks through systematic efforts to analyze and manage the causal factors of disasters,
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including through reduced exposures to hazards, lessened vulnerability of people and property, wise management of land and the environment, and improved preparedness for adverse events. (o) "Disaster Risk Reduction and Management" - the systematic process of using administrative directives, organizations, and operational skills and capacities to implement strategies, policies and improved coping capacities in order to lessen the adverse impacts of hazards and the possibility of disaster. Prospective disaster risk reduction and management refers to risk reduction and management activities that address and seek to avoid the development of new or increased disaster risks, especially if risk reduction policies are not put m place. (p) "Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Information System" - a specialized database which contains, among others, information on disasters and their human material, economic and environmental impact, risk assessment and mapping and vulnerable groups. (q) "Early Warning System" - the set of capacities needed to generate and disseminate timely and meaningful warning information to enable individuals, communities and organizations threatened by a hazard to prepare and to act appropriately and in sufficient time to reduce the possibility of harm or loss. A people-centered early warning system necessarily comprises four (4) key elements: knowledge of the risks; monitoring, analysis and forecasting of the hazards; communication or dissemination of alerts and warnings; and local capabilities to respond to the warnings received. The expression "end-to-end warning system" is also used to emphasize that warning systems need to span all steps from hazard detection to community response. (r) "Emergency" - unforeseen or sudden occurrence, especially danger, demanding immediate action. (s) "Emergency Management" - the organization and management of resources and responsibilities for addressing all aspects of emergencies, in particular preparedness, response and initial recovery steps. (t) "Exposure" - the degree to which the elements at risk are likely to experience hazard events of different magnitudes. (u) "Geographic Information System" - a database which contains, among others, geo-hazard assessments, information on climate change, and climate risk reduction and management. (v) "Hazard" - a dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihood and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage. (w) "Land-Use Planning" - the process undertaken by public authorities to identify, evaluate and decide on different options for the use of land, including consideration of long-term economic, social and environmental objectives and the implications for
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different communities and interest groups, and the subsequent formulation and promulgation of plans that describe the permitted or acceptable uses. (x) "Mitigation" - structural and non-structural measures undertaken to limit the adverse impact of natural hazards, environmental degradation, and technological hazards and to ensure the ability of at-risk communities to address vulnerabilities aimed at minimizing the impact of disasters. Such measures include, but are not limited to, hazard-resistant construction and engineering works, the formulation and implementation of plans, programs, projects and activities, awareness raising, knowledge management, policies on land-use and resource management, as well as the enforcement of comprehensive land-use planning, building and safety standards, and legislation. (y) "National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Framework" or "NDRRMF" provides for comprehensive, all hazards, multi-sectoral, inter-agency and community-based approach to disaster risk reduction and management. (z) "National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan" or "NDRRMP" - the document to be formulated and implemented by the Office of Civil Defense (OCD) that sets out goals and specific objectives for reducing disaster risks together with related actions to accomplish these objectives. The NDRRMP shall provide for the identification of hazards, vulnerabilities and risks to 'be managed at the national level; disaster risk reduction and management approaches and strategies to be applied m managing said hazards and risks; agency roles, responsibilities and lines of authority at all government levels; and vertical and horizontal coordination of disaster risk reduction and management in the pre-disaster and post-disaster phases. It shall be in conformity with the NDRRMF. (aa) "Post-Disaster Recovery" - the restoration and improvement where appropriate, of facilities, livelihood and living conditions. of disaster-affected communities, including efforts to reduce disaster risk factors, in accordance with the principles of "build back better". (bb) "Preparedness" - pre-disaster actions and measures being undertaken within the context of disaster risk reduction and management and are based on sound risk analysis as well as pre-disaster activities to avert or minimize loss of life and property such as, but not limited to, community organizing, training, planning, equipping, stockpiling, hazard mapping, insuring of assets, and public information and education initiatives. This also includes the development/enhancement of an overall preparedness strategy, policy, institutional structure, warning and forecasting capabilities, and plans that define measures geared to help at-risk communities safeguard their lives and assets by being alert to hazards and taking appropriate action in the face of an Imminent threat or an actual disaster. (cc) "Private Sector" - the key actor in the realm of the economy where the central social concern and process are the mutually beneficial production and distribution of goods and services to meet the physical needs of human beings. The private sector
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comprises private corporations, households and nonprofit institutions serving households. (dd) "Public Sector Employees" - all persons in the civil service. (ee) "Rehabilitation" measures that ensure the ability of affected communities/areas to restore their normal level of functioning by rebuilding livelihood and damaged infrastructures and increasing the communities' organizational capacity. (ff) "Resilience" - the ability of a system, community or society exposed to hazards to resist, absorb, accommodate and recover from the effects of a hazard in a timely and efficient manner, including through the preservation and restoration of its essential basic structures and functions. (gg) "Response" - any concerted effort by two (2) or more agencies, public or private, to provide assistance or intervention during or immediately after a disaster to meet the life preservation and basic subsistence needs of those people affected and in the restoration of essential public activities and facilities. (hh) "Risk" - the combination of the probability of an event and its negative consequences. (ii) "Risk Assessment" - a methodology to determine the nature and extent of risk by analyzing potential hazards and evaluating existing conditions of vulnerability that together could potentially harm exposed people, property, services, livelihood and the environment on which they depend. Risk assessments with associated risk mapping include: a review of the technical characteristics of hazards such as their location, intensity, frequency and probability; the analysis of exposure and vulnerability including the physical, social, health, economic and environmental dimensions; and the evaluation of the effectiveness of prevailing and alternative coping capacities in respect to likely risk scenarios. (jj) "Risk Management" - the systematic approach and practice of managing uncertainty to minimize potential harm and loss. It comprises risk assessment and analysis, and the implementation of strategies and specific actions to control, reduce and transfer risks. It is widely practiced by organizations to minimize risk in investment decisions and to address operational risks such as those of business disruption, production failure, environmental damage, social impacts and damage from fire and natural hazards. (kk) "Risk Transfer" - the process of formally or informally shifting the financial consequences of particular risks from one party to another whereby a household, community, enterprise or state authority will obtain resources from the other party after a disaster occurs, in exchange for ongoing or compensatory social or financial benefits provided to that other party. (ll) "State of Calamity" - a condition involving mass casualty and/or major damages to property, disruption of means of livelihoods, roads and normal way of life of
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people in the affected areas as a result of the occurrence of natural or humaninduced hazard. (mm) "Sustainable Development" - development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It contains within it two (2) key concepts: (1) the concept of "needs", in particular, the essential needs of the world's poor, to which overriding priority should be given; and (2) the idea of limitations imposed by the state of technology and social organizations on the environment's ability to meet present and future needs. It is the harmonious integration of a sound and viable economy, responsible governance, social cohesion and harmony, and ecological integrity to ensure that human development now and through future generations is a life-enhancing process. (nn) "Vulnerability" - the characteristics and circumstances of a community, system or asset that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard. Vulnerability may arise from various physical, social, economic, and environmental factors such as poor design and construction of buildings, inadequate protection of assets, lack of public information and awareness, limited official recognition of risks and preparedness measures, and disregard for wise environmental management. (oo) "Vulnerable and Marginalized Groups" - those that face higher exposure to disaster risk and poverty including, but not limited to, women, children, elderly, differently-abled people, and ethnic minorities. Section 4. Scope. - This Act provides for the development of policies and plans and the implementation of actions and measures pertaining to all aspects of disaster risk reduction and management, including good governance, risk assessment and early warning, knowledge building and awareness raising, reducing underlying risk factors, and preparedness for effective response and early recovery. Section 5. National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council. - The present National Disaster Coordinating Council or NDCC shall henceforth be known as the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council, hereinafter referred to as the NDRRMC or the National Council. The National Council shall be headed by the Secretary of the Department of National Defense (DND) as Chairperson with the Secretary of the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) as Vice Chairperson for Disaster Preparedness, the Secretary of the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) as Vice Chairperson for Disaster Response, the Secretary of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) as Vice Chairperson for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, and the Director-General of the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) as Vice Chairperson for Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery. The National Council's members shall be the following: (a) Secretary of the Department of Health (DOH);
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(b) Secretary of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR); (c) Secretary of the Department of Agriculture (DA); (d) Secretary of the Department of Education (DepED); (e) Secretary of the Department of Energy (DOE); (f) Secretary of the Department of Finance (DOF); (g) Secretary of the Department of Trade and Industry (DT!); (h) Secretary of the Department of Transportation and Communications (DOTC); (i) Secretary of the Department of Budget and Management (DBM); (j) Secretary of the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH); (k) Secretary of the Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA); (l) Secretary of the Department of Justice (DOJ); (m) Secretary of the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE); (n) Secretary of the Department of Tourism (DOT); (o) The Executive Secretary; (p)Secretary of the Office of the Presidential Adviser on the Peace Process (OPAPP); (q) Chairman, Commission on Higher Education (CHED); (r) Chief of Staff, Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP); (s) Chief, Philippine National Police (PNP); (t) The Press Secretary; (u) Secretary General of the Philippine National Red Cross (PNRC); (v) Commissioner of the National Anti-Poverty Commission-Victims of Disasters and Calamities Sector (NAPCVDC); (w) Chairperson, National Commission on the Role of Filipino Women; (x) Chairperson, Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council (HUDCC); (y) Executive Director of the Climate Change Office of the Climate Change Commission; (z) President, Government Service Insurance System (GSIS);

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(aa) President, Social Security System (SSS); (bb) President, Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PhilHealth); (cc) President of the Union of Local Authorities of the Philippines (ULAP); (dd) President of the League of Provinces of the Philippines (LPP); (ee) President of the League of Cities of the Philippines (LCP); (ff) President of the League of Municipalities of the Philippines (LMP); (gg) President of the Liga ng Mga Barangay (LMB); (hh) Four (4) representatives from the CSOs; (ii) One (1) representative from the private sector; and (jj) Administrator of the OCD. The representatives from the CSOs and the private sector shall be selected from among their respective ranks based on the criteria and mechanisms to be set for this purpose by the National Council. Section 6. Powers and Functions of the NDRRMC. - The National Council, being empowered with policy-making, coordination, integration, supervision, monitoring and evaluation functions, shall have the following responsibilities: (a) Develop a NDRRMF which shall provide for a comprehensive, all-hazards, multisectoral, inter-agency and community-based approach to disaster risk reduction and management. The Framework shall serve as the principal guide to disaster risk reduction and management efforts in the country and shall be reviewed on a five(5)year interval, or as may be deemed necessary, in order to ensure its relevance to the times; (b) Ensure that the NDRRMP is consistent with the NDRRMF; (c) Advise the President on the status of disaster preparedness, prevention, mitigation, response and rehabilitation operations being undertaken by the government, CSOs, private sector, and volunteers; recommend to the President the declaration of a state of calamity in areas extensively damaged; and submit proposals to restore normalcy in the affected areas, to include calamity fund allocation; (d) Ensure a multi-stakeholder participation in the development, updating, and sharing of a Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Information System and Geographic Information System-based national risk map as policy, planning and decision-making tools; (e) Establish a national early warning and emergency alert system to provide accurate and timely advice to national or local emergency response organizations
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and to the general public through diverse mass media to include digital and analog broadcast, cable, satellite television and radio, wireless communications, and landline communications; (f) Develop appropriate risk transfer mechanisms that shall guarantee social and economic protection and increase resiliency in the face of disaster; (g) Monitor the development and enforcement by agencies and organizations of the various laws, guidelines, codes or technical standards required by this Act; (h) Manage and mobilize resources for disaster risk reduction and management including the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Fund; (i) Monitor and provide the necessary guidelines and procedures. on the Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Fund (LDRRMF) releases as well as utilization, accounting and auditing thereof; (j) Develop assessment tools on the existing and potential hazards and risks brought about by climate change to vulnerable areas and ecosystems in coordination with the Climate Change Commission; (k) Develop vertical and horizontal coordination mechanisms for a more coherent implementation of disaster risk reduction and management policies and programs by sectoral agencies and LGUs; (l) Formulate a national institutional capability building program for disaster risk reduction and management to address the specific' weaknesses of various government agencies and LGUs, based on the results of a biennial baseline assessment and studies; (m) Formulate, harmonize, and translate into policies a national agenda for research and technology development on disaster risk reduction and management; (n) In coordination with the Climate Change Commission, formulate and implement a framework for climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction and management from which all policies, programs, and projects shall be based; (o) Constitute a technical management group composed of representatives of the abovementioned departments, offices, and organizations, that shall coordinate and meet as often as necessary to effectively manage and sustain national efforts on disaster risk reduction and management; (p) Task the OCD to conduct periodic assessment and performance monitoring of the member-agencies of the NDRRMC, and the Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Councils (RDRRMCs), as defined in the NDRRMP; and (q) Coordinate or oversee the Implementation of the country's obligations with disaster management treaties to which it IS a party and see to It that the country's disaster management treaty obligations be incorporated in its disaster risk reduction and management frameworks, policies, plans, programs and projects.
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Section 7. Authority of the NDRRMC Chairperson. - The Chairperson of the NDRRMC may call upon other instrumentalities or entities of the government and nongovernment and civic organizations for assistance In terms of the use of their facilities and resources for the protection and preservation of life and properties in the whole range of disaster risk reduction and management. This authority includes the power to call on the reserve force as defined in Republic Act No. 7077 to assist in relief and rescue during disasters or calamities. Section 8. The Office of Civil Defense. - The Office of Civil Defense (OCD) shall have the primary mission of administering a comprehensive national civil defense and disaster risk reduction and management program by providing leadership in the continuous development of strategic and systematic approaches as well as measures to reduce the vulnerabilities and risks to hazards and manage the consequences of disasters. The Administrator of the OCD shall also serve as Executive Director of the National Council and, as such, shall have the same duties and privileges of a department undersecretary. All appointees shall be universally acknowledged experts in the field of disaster preparedness and management and of proven honesty and integrity. The National Council shall utilize the services and facilities of the OCD as the secretariat of the National Council. Section 9. Powers and Functions of the OCD. - The OCD shall have the following powers and functions: (a) Advise the National Council on matters relating to disaster risk reduction and management consistent with the policies and scope as defined in this Act; (b) Formulate and implement the NDRRMP and ensure that the physical framework, social, economic and environmental plans of communities, cities, municipalities and provinces are consistent with such plan. The National Council shall approve the NDRRMP; (c) Identify, assess and prioritize hazards and risks in consultation with key stakeholders; (d) Develop and ensure the implementation of national standards in carrying out disaster risk reduction programs including preparedness, mitigation, prevention, response and rehabilitation works, from data collection and analysis, planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation; (e) Review and evaluate the Local Disaster risk Reduction and Management Plans (LDRRMPs) to facilitate the integration of disaster risk reduction measures into the local Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP) and Comprehensive Land-Use Plan (CL UP); (f) Ensure that the LG U s, through the Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Offices (LDRRMOs) are properly informed and adhere to the national standards and programs;
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(g) Formulate standard operating procedures for the deployment of rapid assessment teams, information sharing among different government agencies, and coordination before and after disasters at all levels; (h) Establish standard operating procedures on the communication system among provincial, city, municipal, and Barangay disaster risk reduction and management councils, for purposes of warning and alerting them and for gathering information on disaster areas before, during and after disasters; (i) Establish Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Training Institutes in such suitable location as may be deemed appropriate to train public and private individuals, both local and national, in such subject as disaster risk reduction and management among others. The Institute shall consolidate and prepare training materials and publications of disaster risk reduction and management books and manuals to assist disaster risk reduction and management workers in the planning and implementation of this program and projects. The Institute shall conduct research programs to upgrade know ledge and skills and document best practices on disaster risk reduction and management. The Institute is also mandated to conduct periodic awareness and education programs to accommodate new elective officials and members of the LDRRMCs; (j) Ensure that all disaster risk reduction programs, projects and activities requiring regional and international support shall be in accordance with duly established national policies and aligned with international agreements; (k) Ensure that government agencies and LGUs give top priority and take adequate and appropriate measures in disaster risk reduction and management; (l) Create an enabling environment for substantial and sustainable participation of CSOs, private groups, volunteers and communities, and recognize their contributions in the government's disaster risk reduction efforts; (m) Conduct early recovery and post-disaster needs assessment institutionalizing gender analysis as part of it; (n) Establish an operating facility to be known as the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Operations Center (NDRRMOC) that shall be operated and staffed on a twenty-four (24) hour basis; (o) Prepare the criteria and procedure for the enlistment of accredited community disaster volunteers (ACDVs). It shall include a manual of operations for the volunteers which shall be developed by the OCD in consultation with various stakeholders; (p) Provide advice and technical assistance and assist in mobilizing necessary resources to increase the overall capacity of LGUs, specifically the low income and in high-risk areas;

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(q) Create the necessary offices to perform its mandate as provided under this Act; and (r) Perform such other functions as may be necessary for effective operations and implementation of this Act. Section 10. Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Organization at the Regional Level. - The current Regional Disaster Coordinating Councils shall henceforth be known as the Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Councils (RDRRMCs) which shall coordinate, integrate, supervise, and evaluate the activities of the LDRRMCs. The RDRRMC shall be responsible in ensuring disaster sensitive regional development plans, and in case of emergencies shall convene the different regional line agencies and concerned institutions and authorities. The RDRRMCs shall establish an operating facility to be known as the Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Operations Center (RDRRMOC) whenever necessary. The civil defense officers of the OCD who are or may be designated as Regional Directors of the OCD shall serve as chairpersons of the RDRRMCs. Its Vice Chairpersons shall be the Regional Directors of the DSWD, the DILG, the DOST, and the NEDA. In the case of the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM), the Regional Governor shall be the RDRRMC Chairperson. The existing regional offices of the OCD shall serve as secretariat of the RDRRMCs. The RDRRMCs shall be composed of the executives of regional offices and field stations at the regional level of the government agencies. Section 11. Organization at the Local Government Level. - The existing Provincial, City, and Municipal Disaster Coordinating Councils shall henceforth be known as the Provincial, City, and Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Councils. The Barangay Disaster Coordinating Councils shall cease to exist and its powers and functions shall henceforth be assumed by the existing Barangay Development Councils (BDCs) which shall serve as the LDRRMCs in every Barangay. (a) Composition: The LDRRMC shall be composed of, but not limited to, the following: (1) The Local Chief Executives, Chairperson; (2) The Local Planning and Development Officer, member; (3) The Head of the LDRRMO, member; (4) The Head of the Local Social Welfare and Development Office, member; (5) The Head of the Local Health Office, member; (6) The Head of the Local Agriculture Office, member; (7) The Head of the Gender and Development Office, member;
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(8) The Head of the Local Engineering Office, member; (9) The Head of the Local Veterinary Office, member; (10) The Head of the Local Budget Office, member; (11) The Division Head/Superintendent of Schools of the DepED, member; (12) The highest-ranking officer of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) assigned in the area, member; (13) The Provincial Director/City/Municipal Chief of the Philippine National Police (PNP), member; (14) The Provincial Director/City/ Municipal Fire Marshall of the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP), member; (15) The President of the Association of Barangay Captains (ABC), member; (16) The Philippine National Red Cross (PNRC), member; (17) Four (4) accredited CSOs, members; and (18) One (1) private sector representative, member. (b) The LDRRMCs shall have the following functions: (1) Approve, monitor and evaluate the implementation of the LDRRMPs and regularly review and test the plan consistent with other national and local planning programs; (2) Ensure the integration of disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation into local development plans, programs and budgets as a strategy in sustainable development and poverty reduction; (3) Recommend the implementation of forced or preemptive evacuation of local residents, if necessary; and (4) Convene the local council once every three (3) months or as necessary. Section 12. Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office (LDRRMO). (a) There shall be established an LDRRMO in every province, city and municipality, and a Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Committee (BDRRMC) in every barangay which shall be responsible for setting the direction, development, implementation and coordination of disaster risk management programs within their territorial jurisdiction. (b) The LDRRMO shall be under the office of the governor, city or municipal mayor, and the punong barangay in case of the BDRRMC. The LDRRMOs shall be initially organized and composed of a DRRMO to be assisted by three (3) staff responsible for: (1) administration and training; (2) research and planning; and (3) operations
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and warning. The LDRRMOs and the BDRRMCs shall organize, train and directly supervise the local emergency response teams and the ACDVs. (c) The provincial, city and municipal DRRMOs or BDRRMCs shall perform the following functions with impartiality given the emerging challenges brought by disasters of our times: (1) Design, program, and coordinate disaster risk reduction and management activities consistent with the National Council's standards and guidelines; (2) Facilitate and support risk assessments and contingency planning activities at the local level; (3) Consolidate local disaster risk information which includes natural hazards, vulnerabilities, and climate change risks, and maintain a local risk map; (4) Organize and conduct training, orientation, and knowledge management activities on disaster risk reduction and management at the local level; (5) Operate a multi-hazard early warning system, linked to disaster risk reduction to provide accurate and timely advice to national or local emergency response organizations and to the general public, through diverse mass media, particularly radio, landline communications, and technologies for communication within rural communities; (6) Formulate and implement a comprehensive and - integrated LDRRMP in accordance with the national, regional and provincial framework, and policies on disaster risk reduction in close coordination with the local development councils (LDCs); (7) Prepare and submit to the local sanggunian through the LDRRMC and the LDC the annual LDRRMO Plan and budget, the proposed programming of the LDRRMF, other dedicated disaster risk reduction and management resources, and other regular funding source/s and budgetary support of the LDRRMO/BDRRMC; (8) Conduct continuous disaster monitoring and mobilize instrumentalities and entities of the LGUs, CSOs, private groups and organized volunteers, to utilize their facilities and resources for the protection and preservation of life and properties during emergencies in accordance with existing policies and procedures; (9) Identify, assess and manage the hazards vulnerabilities and risks that may occur in their locality; (10) Disseminate information and raise public awareness about those hazards. vulnerabilities and risks, their nature, effects, early warning signs and countermeasures; (11) Identify and implement cost-effective risk reduction measures/strategies;

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(12) Maintain a database of human resource, equipment, directories, and location of critical infrastructures and their capacities such as hospitals and evacuation centers; (13) Develop, strengthen and operationalize mechanisms for partnership or networking with the private sector, CSOs, and volunteer groups; (14) Take all necessary steps on a continuing basis to maintain, provide, or arrange the provision of, or to otherwise make available, suitably-trained and competent personnel for effective civil defense and disaster risk reduction and management in its area; (15) Organize, train, equip and supervise the local emergency response teams and the ACDV s, ensuring that humanitarian aid workers are equipped with basic skills to assist mothers to breastfeed; (16) Respond to and manage the adverse effects of emergencies and carry out recovery activities in the affected area, ensuring that there is an efficient mechanism for immediate delivery of food, shelter and medical supplies for women and children, endeavor to create a special place where internally-displaced mothers can find help with breastfeeding, feed and care for their babies and give support to each other; (17) Within its area, promote and raise public awareness of and compliance with this Act and legislative provisions relevant to the purpose of this Act; (18) Serve as the secretariat and executive arm of the LDRRMC; (19) Coordinate other disaster risk reduction and management activities; (20) Establish linkage/network with other LGUs for disaster risk reduction and emergency response purposes; (21) Recommend through the LDRRMC the enactment of local ordinances consistent with the requirements of this Act; (22) Implement policies, approved plans and programs of the LDRRMC consistent with the policies and guidelines laid down in this Act; (23) Establish a Provincial/City/Municipal/Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Operations Center; (24) Prepare and submit, through the LDRRMC and the LDC, the report on the utilization of the LDRRMF and other dedicated disaster risk reduction and management resources to the local Commission on Audit (COA), copy furnished the regional director of the OCD and the Local Government Operations Officer of the DILG; and (25) Act on other matters that may be authorized by the LDRRMC. (d) The BDRRMC shall be a regular committee of the existing BDC and shall be subject thereto. The punong barangay shall facilitate and ensure the participation of
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at least two (2) CSO representatives from existing and active community-based people's organizations representing the most vulnerable and marginalized groups in the barangay. Section 13. Accreditation, Mobilization, and Protection of Disaster Volunteers and National Service Reserve Corps, CSOs and the Private Sector. - The government agencies, CSOs, private sector and LGUs may mobilize individuals or organized volunteers to augment their respective personnel complement and logistical requirements in the delivery of disaster risk reduction programs and activities. The agencies, CSOs, private sector, and LGUs concerned shall take full responsibility for the enhancement, welfare and protection of volunteers, and shall submit the list of volunteers to the OCD, through the LDRRMOs, for accreditation and inclusion in the database of community disaster volunteers. A national roster of ACDVs, National Service Reserve Corps, CSOs and the private sector shall be maintained by the OCD through the LDRRMOs. Accreditation shall be done at the municipal or city level. Mobilization of volunteers shall be in accordance with the guidelines to be formulated by the NDRRMC consistent with the provisions of this Act. Any volunteer who incurs death or injury while engaged in any of the activities defined under this Act shall be entitled to compensatory benefits and individual personnel accident insurance as may be defined under the guidelines. Section 14. Integration of Disaster Risk Reduction Education into the School Curricula and Sangguniang Kabataan (SK) Program and Mandatory Training for the Public Sector Employees. - The DepED, the CHED, the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA), in coordination with the OCD, the National Youth Commission (NYC), the DOST, the DENR, the DILG-BFP, the DOH, the DSWD and other relevant agencies, shall integrate disaster risk reduction and management education in the school curricula of secondary and tertiary level of education, including the National Service Training Program (NSTP), whether private or public, including formal and nonformal, technical-vocational, indigenous learning, and out-of-school youth courses and programs. The NDRRMC, the RDRRMCs, the LDRRMCs, the LDRRMOs, the BDRRMCs and the SK councils shall encourage community, specifically the youth, participation in disaster risk reduction and management activities, such as organizing quick response groups, particularly in identified disaster-prone areas, as well as the inclusion of disaster risk reduction and management programs as part of the SK programs and projects. The public sector employees shall be trained in emergency response and preparedness. The training is mandatory for such employees to comply with the provisions of this Act.

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Section 15. Coordination During Emergencies. - The LDRRMCs shall take the lead in preparing for, responding to, and recovering from the effects of any disaster based on the following criteria: (a) The BDC, if a barangay is affected; (b) The city/municipal DRRMCs, If two (2) or more barangays are affected; (c) The provincial DRRMC, if two (2) or more cities/municipalities are affected; (d) The regional DRRMC, if two (2) or more provinces are affected; and (e) The NDRRMC, if two (2) or more regions are affected. The NDRRMC and intermediary LDRRMCs shall always act as support to LGUs which have the primary responsibility as first disaster responders. Private sector and civil society groups shall work in accordance with the coordination mechanism and policies set by the NDRRMC and concerned LDRRMCs. Section 16. Declaration of State of Calamity. - The National Council shall recommend to the President of the Philippines the declaration of a cluster of barangays, municipalities, cities, provinces, and regions under a state of calamity, and the lifting thereof, based on the criteria set by the National Council. The President's declaration may warrant international humanitarian assistance as deemed necessary. The declaration and lifting of the state of calamity may also be issued by the local sanggunian, upon the recommendation of the LDRRMC, based on the results of the damage assessment and needs analysis. Section 17. Remedial Measures. - The declaration of a state of calamity shall make mandatory the Immediate undertaking of the following remedial measures by the member-agencies concerned as defined in this Act: (a) Imposition of price ceiling on basic necessities and prime commodities by the President upon the recommendation of the implementing agency as provided for under Republic Act No. 7581, otherwise known as the "Price Act", or the National Price Coordinating Council; (b) Monitoring, prevention and control by the Local Price Coordination Council of overpricing/profiteering and hoarding of prime commodities, medicines and petroleum products; (c) Programming/reprogramming of funds for the repair and safety upgrading of public infrastructures and facilities; and (d) Granting of no-interest loans by government financing or lending institutions to the most affected section of the population through their cooperatives or people's organizations.

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Section 18. Mechanism for International Humanitarian Assistance. - (a) The importation and donation of food, clothing, medicine and equipment for relief and recovery and other disaster management and recovery-related supplies is hereby authorized in accordance with Section 105 of the Tariff and Customs Code of the Philippines, as amended, and the prevailing provisions of the General Appropriations Act covering national internal revenue taxes and import duties of national and local government agencies; and (b) Importations and donations under this section shall be considered as importation by and/or donation to the NDRRMC, subject to the approval of the Office of the President. Section 19. Prohibited Acts. - Any person, group or corporation who commits any of the following prohibited acts shall be held liable and be subjected to the penalties as prescribed in Section 20 of this Act: (a) Dereliction of duties which leads to destruction, loss of lives, critical damage of facilities and misuse of funds; (b) Preventing the entry and distribution of relief goods in disaster-stricken areas, including appropriate technology, tools, equipment, accessories, disaster teams/experts; (c) Buying, for consumption or resale, from disaster relief agencies any relief goods, equipment or other and commodities which are intended for distribution to disaster affected communities; (d) Buying, for consumption or resale, from the recipient disaster affected persons any relief goods, equipment or other aid commodities received by them; (e) Selling of relief goods, equipment or other aid commodities which are intended for distribution to disaster victims; (f) Forcibly seizing relief goods, equipment or other aid commodities intended for or consigned to a specific group of victims or relief agency; (g) Diverting or misdelivery of relief goods, equipment or other aid commodities to persons other than the rightful recipient or consignee; (h) Accepting, possessing, using or disposing relief goods, equipment or other aid commodities not intended for nor consigned to him/her; (i) Misrepresenting the source of relief goods, equipment or other aid commodities by: (1) Either covering, replacing or defacing the labels of the containers to make it appear that the goods, equipment or other aid commodities came from another agency or persons;

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(2) Repacking the! goods, equipment or other aid commodities into containers with different markings to make it appear that the goods came from another agency or persons or was released upon the instance of a particular agency or persons; (3) Making false verbal claim that the goods, equipment or other and commodity m its untampered original containers actually came from another agency or persons or was released upon the instance of a particular agency or persons; (j) Substituting or replacing relief goods, equipment or other aid commodities with the same items or inferior/cheaper quality; (k) Illegal solicitations by persons or organizations representing others as defined in the standards and guidelines set by the NDRRMC; (l) Deliberate use of false at inflated data in support of the request for funding, relief goods, equipment or other aid commodities for emergency assistance or livelihood projects; and (m) Tampering with or stealing hazard monitoring and disaster preparedness equipment and paraphernalia. Section 20. Penal Clause. - Any individual, corporation, partnership, association, or other juridical entity that commits any of the prohibited acts provided for in Section 19 of this Act shall be prosecuted and upon conviction shall suffer a fine of not less than Fifty thousand pesos (Php50,000.00) or any amount not to exceed Five hundred thousand pesos (php500,000.00) or imprisonment of not less than six (6) years and one (1) day or more than twelve (12) years, or both, at the discretion of the court, including perpetual disqualification from public office if the offender IS a public officer, and confiscation or forfeiture in favor of the government of the objects and the instrumentalities used in committing any of herein prohibited acts. If the offender is a corporation, partnership or association, or other juridical entity, the penalty shall be imposed upon the officer or officers of the corporation, partnership, association or entity responsible for the violation without prejudice to the cancellation or revocation of these entities license or accreditation issued to them by any licensing or accredited body of the government. If such offender is an alien, he or she shall, in addition to the penalties prescribed in this Act, be deported without further proceedings after service of the sentence. However, the prosecution for offenses set forth in Section 19 of this Act shall be without prejudice to any liability for violation of Republic Act No. 3185, as amended, otherwise known as the Revised Penal Code, and other civil liabilities. Section 21. Local Disaster Risk" Reduction and Management Fund (LDRRMF). The present Local Calamity Fund shall henceforth be known as the Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Fund (LDRRMF). Not less than five percent (5%) of the estimated revenue from regular sources shall be set aside as the LDRRMF to support disaster risk management activities such as, but not limited to, pre-disaster preparedness programs including training, purchasing life-saving rescue equipment,
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supplies and medicines, for post-disaster activities, and for the payment of premiums on calamity insurance. The LDRRMC shall monitor and evaluate the use and disbursement of the LDRRMF based on the. LDRRMP as incorporated in the local development plans and annual work and financial plan. Upon the recommendation of the LDRRMO and approval of the sanggunian concerned, the LDRRMC may transfer the said fund to support disaster risk reduction work of other LDRRMCs which are declared under state of calamity. Of the amount appropriated for LDRRMF, thirty percent (30%) shall be allocated as Quick Response Fund (QRF) or stand-by fund for relief and recovery programs in order that situation and living conditions of people In communities or areas stricken by disasters, calamities, epidemics, or complex emergencies, may be normalized as quickly as possible. Unexpended LDRRMF shall accrue to a special trust fund solely for the purpose of supporting disaster risk reduction and management activities of the LDRRMCs within the next five (5) years. Any such amount still not fully utilized after five (5) years shall revert back to the general fund and will be available for other social services to be identified by the local sanggunian. Section 22. National Disaster Risk" Reduction and Management Fund. - (a) The present Calamity Fund appropriated under the annual General Appropriations Act shall henceforth be known as the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Fund (NDRRM Fund) and it shall be used for disaster risk reduction or mitigation, prevention and preparedness activities such as but not limited to training of personnel, procurement of equipment, and capital expenditures. It can also be utilized for relief, recovery, reconstruction and other work or services in connection with natural or human induced calamities which may occur during the budget year or those that occurred in the past two (2) years from the budget year. (b) The specific amount of the NDRRM Fund and the appropriate recipient agencies and/or LGUs shall be determined upon approval of the President of the Philippines in accordance with the favorable recommendation of the NDRRMC. (c) Of the amount appropriated for the NDRRM Fund, thirty percent (30%) shall be allocated as Quick Response Fund (QRF) or stand-by fund for relief and recovery programs in order that situation and living conditions of people in communities or areas stricken by disasters, calamities, epidemics, or complex emergencies, may be normalized as quickly as possible. (d) All departments/agencies and LGUs that are allocated with DRRM fund shall submit to the NDRRMC their monthly statements on the utilization of DRRM funds and make an accounting thereof in accordance with existing accounting and auditing rules. (e) All departments, bureaus, offices and agencies of the government are hereby authorized to use a portion of their appropriations to implement projects designed to

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address DRRM activities in accordance with the guidelines to be issued by the NDRRMC in coordination with the DBM. Section 23. Funding of the OCD. - As lead agency to carry out the provisions of this Act, the OCD shall be allocated a budget of One billion pesos (Php1,000,000,000.00) revolving fund starting from the effectivity of this Act. Section 24. Annual Report. - The National Council, through the OCD, shall submit to the Office of the President, the Senate and the House of Representatives, within the first quarter of the succeeding year, an annual report relating to the progress of the implementation of the NDRRMP. Section 25. Implementing Rules and Regulations. - The NDRRMC. through its Chairperson. shall issue the necessary rules and regulations for the effective implementation of this Act within ninety (90) days after approval of this Act. The OCD. in consultation with key stakeholders. shall take the lead in the preparation of the implementing rules and regulations with the active involvement of the technical management group of the NDRRMC. Section 26. Congressional Oversight Committee. - There is hereby created a Congressional Oversight Committee to monitor and oversee the implementation of the provisions of this Act. The Committee shall be composed of six (6) members from the Senate and six (6) members from the House of Representatives with the Chairpersons of the Committees on National Defense and Security of both the Senate and the House of Representatives as joint Chairpersons of this Committee. The five (5) other members from each Chamber are to be designated by the Senate President and the Speaker of the House of Representatives. respectively. The minority shall be entitled to pro rata represent3tion but shall have at least two (2) representatives from each Chamber. Section 27. Sunset Review. - Within five (5) years after the effectivity of this Act, or as the need arises, the Congressional Oversight Committee shall conduct a sunset review. For purposes of this Act, the term "sunset review" shall mean a systematic evaluation by the Congressional Oversight Committee of the accomplishments and impact of this Act, as well as the performance and organizational structure of its implementing agencies, for purposes of determining remedial legislation. Section 28. Repealing Clause. - Presidential Decree No. 1566 and all other laws, decrees, executive orders, proclamations and other executive issuance's which are inconsistent with or contrary to the provisions of this Act are hereby amended or repealed accordingly. Section 29. Separability Clause. - If any provision of this Act shall be held unconstitutional or invalid, the other provisions not otherwise affected shall remain m full force and effect. Section 30. Effectivity Clause. - This Act shall take effect fifteen (15) days following its complete publication in the Official Gazette or in two (2) national newspapers of general circulation.
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Approved,

(Sgd.) PROSPERO C. NOGRALES Speaker of the House of Representatives

(Sgd.) JUAN PONCE ENRILE President of the Senate

This Act which is a consolidation of Senate Bill No. 3086 and House Bill No, 6985 was finally passed by the Senate and the House of Representatives on February 1, 2010.

(Sgd.) MARILYN B. BARUA-YAP Secretary General House of Representatives

(Sgd.) EMMA LIRIO-REYES Secretary of Senate

Approved: May 27, 2010 (Sgd.) GLORIA MACAPAGAL-ARROYO President of the Philippines APPENDIX B REQUEST LETTER TO NDRRMC

POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES College of Political Science and Public Administration Department of Political Science and Public Administration Sta. Mesa, Manila

August 7, 2013

HON. EDUARDO D. DEL ROSARIO Administrator, Office of Civil Defense and Executive Director, National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) Camp Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo, Quezon City, Philippines

Dear Sir: Greetings of Political Excellence and Good Governance!

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We, the undersigned students of Polytechnic University of the Philippines Manila, College of Political Science and Public Administration, are conducting a research study on the Disaster Risk Reduction and Management of Navotas City. The study focuses on the assessment of Navotas Citys DRRM based on the framework, or guidelines and standards set by the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council. In this regard, we are submitting our formal request to allow us to gather, and get a copy as well of information which are relevant to the conduct of this study. Your favourable consideration on this matter would be of great help to the realization of this study.

Respectfully yours,

BAUTISTA, RYAN A.

DE GUZMAN, FERJAN CHRISTIAN T.

DE LA TORRE, EARL LEWIS L.

PIMENTEL, REHOM P.

Noted by:

PROF. ANTONIUS C. UMALI Adviser, Research Writing/ Defense in Public Administration

PROF. HENRY V. PASCUA Chairperson, Department of Political Science and Public Administration

DR. SANJAY P. CLAUDIO Dean, College of Political Science and Public Administration

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APPENDIX C REQUEST LETTER TO NAVOTAS CITY

POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES College of Political Science and Public Administration Department of Public Administration Sta. Mesa, Manila

October 29, 2013 THE HONORABLE MAYOR JOHN REYNALD M. TIANGCO City of Navotas Navotas City Hall, #1052 M. Naval St., Navotas City, Philippines

Dear Sir: Greetings of Political Excellence and Good Governance!

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We, the undersigned students of Polytechnic University of the Philippines Manila, College of Political Science and Public Administration, are conducting a research study on the Disaster Risk Reduction and Management of Navotas City. The study focuses on the assessment of Navotas Citys DRRM based on the framework, or guidelines and standards set by the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council.

In this regard, we are submitting our formal request to allow us to gather information in the form of survey questionnaire, using an assessment tool provided by the Metro Manila Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office, to your City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office. In relation to this, we would like also to ask your permission to allow us to conduct a survey to your respective Barangay Chairmen to assess the level of satisfaction of the Navotas City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office in order to validate the data gathered from the result of the assessment tool used.

Your favourable consideration on this matter would be of great help to the realization of this study. Thank you!

Respectfully yours,

BAUTISTA, RYAN A.

DE GUZMAN, FERJAN CHRISTIAN T.

DE LA TORRE, EARL LEWIS L.

PIMENTEL, REHOM P.

Noted by:

PROF. ANTONIUS C. UMALI Adviser, Research Writing/ Defense in Public Administration

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APPENDIX D ENDORSEMENT FROM METRO MANILA DRRMC


Republic of the Philippines Department of National Defense

OFFICE OF CIVIL DEFENSE


NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION METROPOLITAN MANILA NATIONAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT COUNCIL Camp General Emilio Aguinaldo, Quezon City
August 16, 2013 THE HONORABLE MAYOR JOHN REYNALD M. TIANGCO City of Navotas Navotas City Hall, #1052 M. Naval St., Navotas City THRU: Head, Navotas City DRRO Dear Mayor Tiangco,

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Greetings of Peace! On behalf of the Metro Manila Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council, may I respectfully endorse to the Honorable Mayor the students of PUP-Sta. Mesa to conduct an assessment on the status of DRRM programs / projects of the City of Navotas. We provided them with the assessment tools of this Office to facilitate the gathering of information. Enclosed is the letter request to this Office by these PUP students. We look forward to having your favorable action in this matter. Best regards.

Sincerely,

EDGARDO J. OLLET, MNSA Regional Director, OCD-NCR and Senior Vice-Chair, Metro Manila DRRM Council

APPENDIX E NDRRMC ASSESSMENT TOOL Assessment Tool LOCAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT COUNCILS (LDRRMCs) Province/City/Municipality

I. MITIGATION AND PREVENTION (35 Points) 1. Risk Assessment 1.1 Are there maps available? (hazard, vulnerability, capacity and resource) 1.2 Is there a database on elements at risk? 2. Plans, Policies and Budget 2.1 Is there a local DRRMP?

Yes No

Max Points (7) 4 3 (7) 1


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2.2 Are there disaster mitigation measures integrated/mainstreamed in the local development plan, comprehensive land use plan and annual investment plan? 2.3 Are there updated zoning ordinances or safety regulations? 2.4 Are the following involved in mitigation projects/activities of the DRRMC? (NGOs, Pos, Women, youth, others such as religious, business and basic sectors) 2.5 Are there funds appropriated and utilized for mitigation measures? 3. Early Warning System 3.1 Is there an established EWS for specific hazards in the locality? 4. Risk Financing 4.1 Are there facilities and equipment covered by insurance? 4.2 Do cooperatives, micro finance institutions, etc. extend calamity loans to the DRRMC? 5. Environmental Management 5.1 Is/are there environmental ordinance/s? 5.2 Is/are there environmental policy/ies or program/s? 6. Infrastructure Resilience 6.1 Inspection/Assessment 6.2 Construction 6.3 Maintenance

1 1

2 (5) 5 (5) 3 2

(5) 3 2 (6) 2 2 2

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II. PREPAREDNESS (30 Points) A. Mainstreaming of DRRM Programs and Projects 1. What is the percentage of constituted DRRMCs under your area of responsibility? 80 100% (3) 50 79% (2) 1 49% (1) 2. What is the percentage of institutionalized DRRMOs under your area of responsibility? 75 100% (4) 51 74% (3) 26 50% (2) 1 25% (1) 3. How many programs have been supported by the LDRRMC to strengthen the DRRM-CCA programs of the DRRMCs? (What are these programs?) 5 10% (3) 2 4% (2) 1% (1) B. DRRMC ORGANIZATION 1. Is there a functional LDRRMC? 1.1 Is there an executive order/resolution/ordinance passed organizing the DRRMC? 1.2 Is there an organizational chart of the DRRMC? 1.3 Are the following represented in the DRRMC? a. Non-government Organization b. Peoples Organization c. Women d. Youth e. Others (Religious, Business and Basic Sectors) 1.4 Is the DRRMC meeting regularly? (monthly/quarterly) 1.5 Are the DRRMC meetings attended by the majority of members? 1.6 Do the task units/committees hold meetings regularly? (monthly/quarterly)

Yes No

Max Points (10) 3

3 4

3 (20) (4) 1 .5 .5 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 1 .5 .5

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2. Is there an institutionalized DRRMO? 2.1 DRRM Office 2.2 Permanent Staff 2.3 Budget and Training 2.4 Equipage 2.5 Equipment and/or facility/ies designated for training purposes? 2.6 Operation center manned on a 24-hr basis 2.7 Personnel knowledgeable in the preparation of a basic disaster report 2.8 Personnel capable of disaster assessment and needs analysis 2.9 Office provided with basic equipment 2.10 Search and rescue and/or medical equipment 2.11 Programs/Projects/Activities listed under AIP with Budget 2.12 Efficient and effective IEC materials on hazards 2.13 Pre-positioned stockpiles of relief goods 2.14 Reporting system on its LDRRMF 3. Approved Plans 3.1 LDRRMP 3.2 IEC and Advocacy Plan 3.3 Preparedness Plan 3.4 Response Plan 3.5 Contingency Plan 3.6 Pre-Disaster Recovery Plan (including Business Continuity Plan) 4. Capacity development activities conducted: a. Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM) b. Evacuation Camp Management c. Community-based Disaster Risk Management d. Post-Disaster Damage and Needs Assessment (PDNA) e. Search and Rescue (Water/Collapsed Structure/Urban) f. Fire Suppression g. Medical Services (Basic Life Support, First Aid) h. Incident Command System (ICS) i. Family and Community-based Disaster Preparedness j. Psycho-social processing 4.1 What level/s of training was/were conducted? orientation/Basic (1); Advance (.5) 4.2 Is/Are there NGO/s involved in training activities?

(7) .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 (3) .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 (5) .5 .25 .5 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 1.5 .5

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3. Partnership Mechanisms 5.1 Participation of NGOs, Private Sector and others 5.2 Resource Mobilization

(1) .5 .5

III. RESPONSE (20 Points) A. Demonstrated Capability (without disaster response operations) 1. Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) in place for specific hazards in the area 2. Activated functional Incident Command System (ICS) by the first responder on site 3. Availability of timely, accurate and reliable response 4. Identification of relief distribution points/centers 5. Identification of standard-based relief shelters and sites 6. Determination of clinics and hospitals to address the casualties OR B. Demonstrated Capacity (with disaster response operations) 1. Was there a real time/near real time, end to end reporting system? 2. Activated functional Incident Command System (ICS) by the first responder 3. Issue public advisories in accordance with the protocols developed 4. Executive Order/System on Forced Evacuation 5. Activation of relief distribution points/centers 6. Use of relief distribution mechanisms 7. Coordination with appropriate agencies 8. Was PDNA conducted within 24 hours after the occurrence of the disaster? IV. RECOVERY AND REHABILITATION (15 Points) 1. Restoration 2. PDNA 3. Validation of Pre-disaster Recovery Plan 3.1 Compliance with Build-back Better Principle a. Disaster and climate change-resilient infrastructure constructed/reconstructed

Yes No

Max Points (20) 5 3 6 2 2 2

(20) 2 3 3 4 2 2 2 2

Yes No

Max Points (4) (2) (4) 2 2


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4. Recovery Plan 4.1 Communities tapped for food/cash-for-work a. Economic activities restored and if possible, strengthened or expanded 4.2 Volunteer rehabilitation works 4.3 Shelter Assistance a. Houses rebuilt or repaired to be more resilient to hazard/events; safer sites for housing

(4) 1 .5 1 1 .5

TOTAL POINT SCORE: 97.1 Rating Scheme: Excellent 91 100% Very Good 81 90% Good 71 80% Weak 61 70% Non-operational 51 60% Defective 41 50% Non-existing 0 40%

Interpretation: Excellent The City of Navotas got a total score of 97.1 % which is equivalent to an Excellent rating using the assessment tool provided by the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council. It shows that the City of Navotas is actively participating in disaster risk reduction and management following all the guidelines set by the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council, and most of the requirements set by the National Government are properly complied with.

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APPENDIX F SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE


Survey Questionnaire on Navotas City Disaster Preparedness Name: ______________________________________________________________ Age: ____________________ Address: ____________________________________________________________ Signature: ____________________ Assess the efficiency of the disaster preparedness of Navotas City based on the Following aspects. Encircle the number of rating you want to give. Rate from 1 5; 5 is the highest and 1 is the lowest. 1 Very Poor, 2 Poor, 3 Satisfactory, 4 Very Satisfactory, 5 Excellent I. PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS It aims to assess the preparedness of Navotas City Government with regards to the implementation of their programs and projects. (Prevention and Mitigation) 1.1) Regular declogging of drainage and canals 5 (Palagiang paglilinis ng mga kanal upang matanggal ang bara nito) 1.2) Dredging and desilting activities in coordination with other agencies 5 (Paglilinis at pagpapalalim ng ilog) 1.3) Proper waste disposal 5 (Wastong pagpatapon at pangungulekta ng mga basura) (Preparedness) 1.4) Identification of appropriate location for food preparation 5 (Pagkakaroon ng sariling lutuan sa bawat evacuation center) 1.5) City wide-community based early warning system 1 2 3 4 5 (Maagang pagbibigay ng babala sa mga komunidad tuwing sakuna) 1.6) Provision of whistle, flash light, compass 1 2 3 4 5 (Pamimigay ng pito, flash light at kumpas) 1.7) Public information dissemination 1 2 3 4 5 (Pagpapakalat ng impormasyon sa mga tao) 1.8) Trainings and Seminar on Calamity Preparedness 1 2 3 4 5 (Pagkakaroon ng Training at Seminar para sa kahandaan tuwing sakuna) (Response)

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1.9) Proper documentation of damage, needs and assessment 1 2 3 4 5 (Pagkakaroon ng wastong pagtatala ng mga pinsala at pangangailangan pagkatapos ng mga sakuna) (Recovery and Rehabilitation) 1.10) Coordination with neighboring local governments regarding rivers and roads clean-up drives 1 2 3 4 5 (Pakikipagtulungan ng mga magkakalapit na pamahalaang local sa panahon ng sakuna) 1.11) Stress debriefing for the community and government employees involved 1 2 3 4 5 (Pagbibigay ng payo sa mga biktima ng kalamidad at mga natroma ng sakuna) II. FACILITIES It aims to assess the preparedness of the Navotas City Government with regards to the availability and capacity of their facilities to respond to the needs of the people. 2.1) Evacuation Centers 1 2 3 4 5 (Relief goods, enough space, electricity, water supply, sanitation, etc) 2.2) Hospitals 1 2 3 4 5 (Availability of doctors, equipments, facilities, medicines, etc.) III. EQUIPMENTS It aims to assess the preparedness of Navotas City Government with regards to the availability and capacity of their equipments to respond to the needs of the people. 3.1) Light equipments 1 2 3 4 5 (power saw, generator, rubber boat, oxygen tank, tower light, command tent, etc.) 3.2) Heavy Equipments 1 2 3 4 5 (dump truck, water tanker, road graders, telescopic crane, etc.) IV. RESCUE AND RELIEFS It aims to assess the preparedness of Navotas City with regards to the capacity and responsiveness of the following in times of Calamities. 4.1) Police Department 1 2 3 4 5 (Kapulisan) 4.2) Fire Department 1 2 3 4 5 (Bumbero) 171

4.3) Rescuer/ Volunteer 1 2 3 4 5 (Tagasagip) V. Suggestions and Recommendations For the betterment and improvements of the Navotas City Government Disaster Preparedness. (Put Check on the space provided) House Elevation Program _____ (Pagpapataas ng mga bahay para di maabot ng baha) Established Evacuation Centers _____ (Pagkakaroon ng sariling Evacuation Center) Early Warning System through Text Messaging _____ (Maagang pagpapakalat ng Impormasyon tuwing sakuna sa pamamagitan ng Text) Citizens Disaster Handbook _____ (Pagkakaroon ng listahan ng mga dapat gawin at paala-ala tuwing may kalamidad) Equipment Dissemination to every barangay _____ (Pagkakaroon ng sariling gamit pansagip sa bawat baranggay) Establishing a record of each family members in the community ______ Ln (Pagkakaroon ng talaan ng bawat pamilya para sa mas mabilis at epektibong pagsagip at paglilipat) Others: (Specify) 1. ____________________________________________________________________ _________________ 2. ____________________________________________________________________ _________________ 3. ____________________________________________________________________ _________________

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APPENDIX G NAVOTAS CITY MAP

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APPENDIX H NAVOTAS CITY PROFILE

The City of Navotas is a 1st class city in Metro Manila, Philippines. The city occupies a narrow strip of land along the eastern shores of Manila Bay. Navotas is a coastal town in the northwest part of Metro Manila. It is a narrow strip of land with an aggregated shoreline of approximately 4.5 km. It is bordered on the north by Obando, Bulacan along Sukol Creek; on the south by the city of Manila; on the east by Daang Binuangan River, Bangkulasi Channel, Malabon Channel and Estero de Maypajo; and on the west by Manila Bay. Dubbed as the "Fishing Capital of the Philippines", Navotas is considered to be a very important fishing community with 70% of its population deriving their livelihood directly or indirectly from fishing and its related industries like fish trading, fish net mending, and fish producing having marginal percentage of inter-Island fish producers. Navotas occupies a portion of the Metropolitan Manila bound in the west with shoreline of Manila Bay, which is a strategic coastal front and suitable for all kinds of vessels. Navotas is part of the informal subregion of Metro Manila called CAMANAVA. This subregion, aside from Navotas, includes the cities of Caloocan, Malabon, and Valenzuela. Navotas is perceived to be prone to flood especially during the rainy season and during high tide, but the national and local governments are trying to alleviate the problem. Pollution and overpopulation are other problems that the government is trying to solve. Navotas is famous for fish sauce and shrimp paste (patisand bagoong in Tagalog respectively). Navotas celebrates its foundation day every January 16 and it became a city after a plebiscite was held on June 24, 2007. Navotas is politically subdivided into 14 barangays:

Bagumbayan North Bagumbayan South Bangkulasi Navotas East Navotas West

San Rafael Village Sipac-Almacen Daanghari San Jose San Roque Tanza

Tangos Northbay Boulevard North

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Northbay Boulevard South

Ryan Asi Bautista


4641 I-E Pag-asa Extension, Sta. Mesa, Manila +639109000594 rynrye_bautista@yahoo.com

Personal Information
Age: Gender: Height: Civil Status: Date of Birth: Place of Birth: Language/Dialect: Religion: 20 years old Male 55 Single August 14, 1993 Socorro, Oriental Mindoro Tagalog, English Roman Catholic

Education
2010 Present Polytechnic University of the Philippines Sta. Mesa, Manila Bachelor of Public Administration and Governance Mina de Oro Catholic School Zone III, Socorro, Oriental Mindoro Salutatorian Socorro Central School Zone IV, Socorro, Oriental Mindoro First Honorable Mention

2006 2010

2000 2006

Work Experience
2013 Department of the Interior and Local Government On the Job Training Main Office, Quezon City Senate of the Philippines Student Researcher Pasay City

2012

Affiliations
2013 PUP Circle of Public Administration and Governance Student (CPAGS) Member 177

FERJAN CHRISTIAN T. DE GUZMAN


Blk12 Lot 5 P 5 Mabini St. NSMS GB1 San Mateo, Rizal +63915-2949-155 / 213-83-99 Giovanni_striker11@yahoo.com

Personal Information
Age: Gender: Height: Civil Status: Date of Birth: Place of Birth: Language/Dialect: Religion: 20 years old Male 58 Single

June 11, 1993


Marikina City Tagalog, English Roman Catholic

Education
2010 Present Polytechnic University of the Philippines Sta. Mesa, Manila Bachelor of Public Administration and Governance Nuestra Senora de Aranzazu Parochial School Gen. Luna St., Guinangbayan I San Mateo, Riza Nuestra Senora de Aranzazu Parochial School Gen. Luna St., Guinangbayan I San Mateo, Rizal

2006 2010

2000 2006

Work Experience
2011 to Present JDGS Management Corporation (JaynithsSupermart)

In-house Merchandiser Gen. Luna St., Guitnangbayan I, San Mateo, Rizal Affiliations
2013 PUP Circle of Public Administration and Governance Student (CPAGS) Association of the Junior Philippine Society of Public Administration Member

2012

178

EARL LEWIS L. DE LA TORRE


Lot 26 Blk. 8 Villa Regina 2, Marilao, Bulacan +63927-294-9998 earllewis_delatorre@yahoo.com

Personal Information
Age: Gender: Height: Civil Status: Date of Birth: Place of Birth: Language/Dialect: Religion: Education 2010 Present Polytechnic University of the Philippines Sta. Mesa, Manila Bachelor of Public Administration and Governance Assembly Woman Felicita G. Bernardino Memorial Trade School Marilao, Bulacan Nio Jesus Learning Center Marilao, Bulacan 20 years old Male 57 Single October 13, 1993 Marilao, Bulacan Tagalog, English United Methodist Church

2006 2010

2000 2006

Work Experience
2013 Department of Transportation and Communications, Undersecretary for Planning and Project Development Government Intern Columbia Towers, Ortigas Avenue, Mandaluyong City

Affiliations
2013 PUP Circle of Public Administration and Governance Student (CPAGS) Member Servants League of the Philippines NGO Chairman-elect/ Secretary-General

2013

179

2013

Regina Village Youth Council President

REHOM PAAS PIMENTEL


4882-B Guadal Canal St., Brgy. 597, Zone 59, Sta. Mesa, Manila +639.917.353.0577/+63.912.237.0877 rehomp@yahoo.com

Personal Information
Age: Gender: Height: Civil Status: Date of Birth: Place of Birth: Language/Dialect: Religion: 19 years old Male 56 Single November 24, 1993 Sablayan, Occidental Mindoro Tagalog, Ilocano, English Christian

Education
2010 Present Polytechnic University of the Philippines Sta. Mesa, Manila Bachelor of Public Administration and Governance Sablayan National Comprehensive High School Sablayan, Occidental Mindoro Special Science Class Third Honorable Mention Leadership Award Outstanding Student Award Yapang Elementary School Sablayan, Occidental Mindoro Salutatorian

2006 2010

2000 2006

Work Experience
2013 National Bureau of Investigation (NBI), Personnel Division On the Job Training Taft Avenue, Manila

Affiliations
2013 PUP Circle of Public Administration and Governance Student (CPAGS) Vice-President for Internal Affairs 180

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