Science 10 Motion Notes Part 2

Name:_______________________________

Calculating t and d
We know that t means change in time. This is also called a _______________________. To calculate t, we need to know the ___________ time (_____) and the ______________ (starting) time (_____). Example: A cross-country runner begins running along a path. Her start time is 0 seconds. After 10 seconds, she passes her friend who has stopped to wait. After 20 seconds, she passes a trail map. How long did it take her to run from her friend to the trail map? Step 1: Draw a picture showing the information you know, if there is not already one for the question.

Step 2: Find tf and ti. This is the information you need to answer the question. tf = ti= Step 3: Use tf and ti to calculate t. t = tf - ti = = d means change in position and measures a displacement. To calculate d, we need to know the final position (____) and the initial (starting) position (____). Remember that position and displacement are _____________, so they include _________________. Example: A Churchill student starts walking from a point that is 200m [W] of the school. He stops walking 150 m [E] of the school. What is his displacement from his starting point? Step 1: Draw a picture showing the information you know if there is not already one for the question.

Step 2: Find df and di. This is the information you need to answer the question. It is also convenient to write these values as positive or negative numbers to make your calculation easier! df = di = Step 3: Use df and di to calculate d. d = df - di = = Step 4: Change your answer to a direction instead of a positive/negative sign. Look back at the picture to see if your answer makes sense.

Position-time graphs
Position-time graphs are useful for analyzing motion in a visual way. In a position-time graph, ___________is plotted on the horizontal axis (the ___-axis) and position is plotted on the vertical axis (the ___-axis). Remember: position is a vector, so it will include direction. If we plot uniform motion on a position-time graph, the graph will be a ______________________________. A line that slants up to the right has a _____________________ slope. This means that the object is moving in a positive direction (up, right, east or north).

A line that is a straight, horizontal line has a ________________ slope. This means that the object is ________________________.

A line that slants down to the right has a negative slope. This means that the object is moving in a negative direction (_________, left, __________ or south).

When making a position-time graph, include labels for the x- and y-axes (including units and direction). Plot the points using the times and positions you are given. If you are given a scenario or word problem without a diagram, you may find it helpful to make a diagram first.