A Living Planet Internal Forces Shaping the Earth

Tina Chen Breanna Castro Arvin Dimaquibo Ezechiel Palacol

Section Objectives
Explain plate tectonics Identify the cause of and effects of

earthquakes Describe the action and location of volcanoes

Plate Tectonics
Plate tectonics are enormous

moving pieces of earths lithosphere. They form three types of boundaries: divergent, convergent, and transform. When two plates meet each other, they either cause folds or faults.

Fault

Fold

Questions
1) What are plate tectonics?
2) What are the three types of

boundaries? 3) What do two plates cause when they meet each other?

Earthquakes
Earthquakes occur when plates

grind or slip past each other. The focus is where the earthquake begins. The point directly above the focus is the epicenter.

Devices and Tools

Seismograph- device used to

detect earthquakes. Richter Scale-a device that measures the amount of energy an earthquake releases. The Richter Scale assigns a number to quantify the seismic energy released during an earthquake as recorded by the seismograph.

Effects of Earthquakes
Shaking of ground and rupture
Landslide and avalanches Fires

Soil liquefaction
Tsunamis Floods

Questions
1) Where do earthquakes begin?
2) What instruments detects

earthquakes? 3) What point is directly above the focus?

Tsunamis
A series of ocean waves

usually caused by volcanic or earthquake activity under the ocean. Can be 100 ft. tall, and have a speed of 500 mph. 80% of tsunamis occur within the Ring of Fire

Tsunamis Effects
Tsunamis can have three

categories of destructive effects: Hydrostatic- the lifting/carrying of wooden houses, objects, and vehicles Hydrodynamic-the tearing of buildings and structures Hydroshock-the crashing and piling of all debris is seen

Questions
1) What are the damaging effects of a

tsunami? 2) What is a tsunami? 3) What does tsunami mean in Japanese? 4) What magnitude an earthquake should have in order for a tsunami to occur?

Types of Tsunamis
Local- a tsunami that

affects area 100 km from its source. Regional- a tsunami that affects area 100- 1000 km from its source. Distant- a tsunami that affects area far away from its source.

Questions
1) What are the three types of tsunamis?
2) Which tsunami affects an area 100-1000 km from its

source? 3) How many km does a local tsunami affects and area from its source?

Tools to Measure Tsunamis

Tide Gauges- measure the tide

levels Satellites- measure the height of the ocean surface Dart System (Deep Ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis) Stations are deployed out in the Pacific Ocean to observe and give out detailed information.

Volcanoes
Volcanoes form when materials

pour out of a crack in Earths surface. The most dramatic volcanic action is an eruption. Majority of the active volcanoes are located at the Ring of Fire.

Ring of Fire
A zone around the rim of the

Pacific Ocean Where volcanic action and earthquakes occur frequently Eight major tectonic plates meet in this zone

Questions
Where are most volcanoes located at? 2) What is the most dramatic volcanic action? 3) How many major tectonic plates meet in this zone?
1)

Hot Springs and Geysers

Indicators of high

temperatures in the earths crust. Yellowstone Park is one of the places with hot springs and geysers. Countries with hot springs and geysers include: United States, Japan, and Iceland.

Questions
1) What do hot springs and geysers

indicate? 2) What is one of the parks that have hot springs and geysers? 3) Name three countries that have hot springs and geysers.

Thank You!