MECC 401 CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

where:
o = deflection
1. Bending/Flexural/Normal Stress
subs,

F
N.A.
c
o
from,
c = strain
c = o/L
and,
S = stress
S = E c
AE
FL
L A
F
L
S
= o
o
c =
o
c =
MECC 401 CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
let,
S
f
= bending or flexural stress
where,
M

= maximum bending moment
- refer to Table AT 2, p.564,
Machine Design by Faires
c = distance from the neutral axis to the outermost
fiber
I = rectangular moment of inertia
S = section modulus
- refer to Table AT 1, p.563, Machine Design
by Faires

S
M
S
, then
c
I
S
but
I
Mc
S
f
f
=
=
=
MECC 401 CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
for solid circular,
substituting,

c
D
4
D
64
I
2
D
c
t
=
=
3
f
4
f
D
M 32
S
D
64
)
2
D
( M
I
Mc
S
t
=
t
=
=
for hollow circular,
c
D
o
D
i
) D D (
64
I
2
D
c
4
i
4
o
o

t
=
=
subs,

) )
D
D
( 1 ( D
MD 32
S
or
) D D (
MD 32
S
) D D (
64
)
2
D
( M
S
4
o
i
4
o
o
f
4
i
4
o
o
f
4
i
4
o
o
f
t
=
t
=

t
=
let,

) B 1 ( D
M 32
S
D
D
B
4 3
o
f
o
i
t
=
=
MECC 401 CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
A 5 KN force acting at the end of a 3 m cantilever beam. If
section modulus of the beam is 200 cm
3
, what is the stress
induced?

Example 1:
let,
s = section modulus
s = 200 cm
3


from,





F = 5 KN
L = 3 m
s
M
S
I
Mc
S
b
b
=
=
but,
M = F x L
= 5 KN x 3 m
M = 15 KN.m





subs,





KPa 000 , 75 S
)
m
cm 100
( x
cm 200
m . KN 15
S
b
3
3
b
=
=
MECC 401 CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
from,




Example 2:
A simply supported beam is 50 mm by 200 mm in cross-section and 4 m long.
If the fiber stress is not to exceed 25 MPa and the beam weight is neglected,
find the maximum mid-span concentrated load that the beam can support if
the 200 mm dimension is vertically oriented.
F
h = 200 mm
b = 50 mm
12
bh
I
2
h
c
, but
I
Mc
S
3
b
=
=
=
12
bh
)
2
h
(
4
FL
S
, subs
4
FL
M
, and
3 b
=
=
N 33 . 333 , 8 F
) m 4 ( 3
) m 2 . 0 )( m 05 . 0 )( 2 (
m
N
10 x 25
F
, subs
L 3
bh 2 S
F
bh 2
FL 3
S
2
2
6
2
b
2
b
=
=
=
=
MECC 401 CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
from,
Table AT 6, p.570 MD by Faires
for SAE 080
S
u
= 80 ksi
from headnote of this table
S
u
= 1.9S
u
to 2S
u



Example 3:
A simple beam 54 in long with a load of 14 kips at the center is made of cast steel, SAE 080.
The cross-section is rectangular(h=3b). a) Determine the dimension for N=3. b)
Compute the maximum deflection for these dimensions. c) What size maybe used if
the maximum deflection is not to exceed 0.13 in?

use,
S
uf
= 1.9Su (recommended)
S
uf
= 1.9 (80)
S
uf
= 152 ksi

from,



F=14 kips
h
b
psi 67 . 666 , 50 S
3
psi 000 , 152
S
N
S
S
d
d
uf
d
=
=
=
MECC 401 CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
let,
S
d
= S
f
where,

I
Mc
S
f
=
from,
Table AT 2, p.564 MD by Faires
for simply supported beam

4
FL
M =
also,

2
h
c =
and for rectangular cross-section
12
bh
I
3
=
subs,

2
f
3
f
bh 2
FL 3
S
12
bh
)
2
h
)(
4
FL
(
S
=
=
but,
h = 3b
thus,

3
f
3
f
2
f
S 6
FL
b
b 6
FL
S
) b 3 ( b 2
FL 3
S
=
=
=
subs,

in 064 . 4 h
) in 355 . 1 ( 3 h
, thus
in 355 . 1 b
)
in
lb
67 . 666 , 50 ( 6
) in 54 )( lb 000 , 14 (
b
2
=
=
=
=
use,
b = 1 3/8 in
h = 4 in

MECC 401 CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
b) from Table AT 2, p.564 MD by Faires
for simply supported beam
c) if y = 0.13 in

4
3
3
3
in 333 . 7 I
12
) in 4 )( in
8
3
1 (
12
bh
I
: where
EI 48
FL
=
=
=
= o
in 2088 . 0
) in 333 . 7 )(
in
lb
10 x 30 ( 48
) in 54 )( lb 000 , 14 (
, subs
4
2
6
3
= o
= o
3
3
3
3
3
4Ebh
FL
12
bh
48E(
FL
48EI
FL
then,
= o
= o
= o
)
but, h = 3b

subs,
4
3
4
3
3
3
E 108
FL
b
Eb 108
FL
4Eb(3b)
FL
o
=
= o
= o
then,
in 7 . 15 h
) in 234 . 5 ( 3 h
b 3 h
, and
in 234 . 5 b
) in 13 . 0 )(
in
lb
10 x 30 ( 108
) in 54 )( lb 000 , 14 (
b
2
6
3
=
=
=
=
=
in 16 h
in
4
1
5 b
, use
=
=
MECC 401 CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
where:

2. Torsion
let,
S
st
= torsional shearing stress

rad ,
JG
TL
n deformatio angular
= u
= u
where:
T = maximum torque
L = length of the shaft
J = polar moment of inertia
- refer to Table AT 1, p.563 MD by Faires
G = modulus of rigidity
or modulus of elasticity in shear
or transverse modulus
T
u
J
Tc
S
st
=
MECC 401 CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
for solid circular,
substituting,

c
D
4
D
32
J
2
D
c
t
=
=
3
st
4
st
D
T 16
S
D
32
)
2
D
( T
J
Tc
S
t
=
t
=
=
for hollow circular,
c
D
o
D
i
) D D (
32
J
2
D
c
4
i
4
o
o

t
=
=
subs,

) )
D
D
( 1 ( D
TD 16
S
or
) D D (
TD 16
S
) D D (
32
)
2
D
( T
S
4
o
i
4
o
o
st
4
i
4
o
o
st
4
i
4
o
o
st
t
=
t
=

t
=
let,

) B 1 ( D
T 16
S
D
D
B
4 3
o
st
o
i
t
=
=
MECC 401 CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
from,




Example 4:
Compute for the polar section modulus of a SAE 1010 shafting having
a diameter of 3 in. Use a factor of safety of 2 and design stress of
1000 psi.

z
T
S
c
J
T
J
Tc
S
st
st
=
=
=
then,
z = polar section modulus



4
D
32
J
, and
2
D
c
, where
c
J
z
t
=
=
=
3
3
3
4
in 3014 . 5 z
16
) in 3 (
z
16
D
z
2
D
D
32
z
, subs
=
t
=
t
=
t
=
MECC 401 CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
from,




Example 5:
Determine the maximum shearing stress in MPa that exists in a 5 cm
diameter shaft subjected to 250 N.m torque.

MPa 186 . 10 S
)
cm 100
m 1
( x ) cm 5 (
) m . N 250 ( 16
D
T 16
S
st
3 3
3
st
=
t
=
t
=
MECC 401 CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
from, Table AT 8, p.578 MD by Faires
for C1137, cold-drawn
Sy = 93 ksi
but,
Sys = yield strength in tension
Sys = 0.5Sy 0.6 Sy
use,
Sys = 0.6 Sy (recommended)
Sys = 0.6(93)
Sys = 55.8 ksi


Example 6:
A shaft in torsion only is to transmit 2500 hp at 570 rpm with medium shock. Its material is
AISI 1137 steel, cold-drawn. a) What should be the diameter of a solid shaft? b) If
the shaft is hollow, Do = 2Di, what size is required? c) What is the weight per foot of
length of each of these shafts? Which is lighter? By what percentage? d) Which shaft
is more rigid? Compute the torsional deflection of each for a length of 10 ft.
subs,
T P = 2500 hp
n = 570 rpm
from,
n 2
P
T
Tn 2 P
t
=
t =
in lb 427 , 276 T
ft
in 12
x lb ft 58 . 035 , 23 T
min) / 570 ( 2
min hp
lb ft 000 , 33
x hp 2500
T
=
=
t
=
MECC 401 CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
from, Table 1.1, p.20 MD by Faires
for with shock, steel and
based on yield strength
N = 5-7
use,
Nsy = 5 for medium shock
thus,

let,

subs,


psi 160 , 11 S
5
psi 800 , 55
N
S
S
d
sy
ys
d
=
=
=
3
st
3
st
d st
S
T 16
D
D
T 16
S
S S
t
=
t
=
=
in 5 D
, use
in 015 . 5 D
)
in
lb
160 , 11 (
) in lb 427 , 276 ( 16
D
2
=
=
t
=
b) If hollow,
Do = 2Di
let,
Sd = Sst


| |
3
i
st
4
i
4
i
i
4
i
4
o
o
st
D 15
T 32
S
D ) D 2 (
) D 2 ( T 16
) D D (
TD 16
S
t
=
t
=
t
=
in 124 . 5 D
) 562 . 2 ( 2 D
, thus
in 562 . 2 D
)
in
lb
160 , 11 ( 15
in lb 427 , 276 ( 32
D
S 15
T 32
D
, then
o
o
3
2
3
st
=
=
=
t
=
t
=
in 4 / 1 5 D
in 2 / 1 2 D
, use
o
i
=
=
MECC 401 CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
from, Table AT 7, p.577, Machine
Design by Faires
for steel
= 0.283 lb/in
3

V W
V
W
V
m
, from
=
= =
L ) D
4
(
AL
V W
, shaft solid for
2
t
=
=
=
ft / lb 92 . 66
L
W
L ) in 5 (
4
)
in
lb
284 . 0 ( W
, subs
2
3
=
t
=
| |
ft / lb 05 . 57
L
W
12 x ) 2 / 1 2 ( ) 4 / 1 5 ( )
4
( 284 . 0
L
W
L ) D D )(
4
( W
, shaft hollow for
2 2
2
i
2
o
=

t
=

t
=
% 75 . 14
% 100 x
92 . 66
05 . 57 92 . 66
% 100 X
) L / W (
) L / W ( ) L / W (
lighter %
, thus
solid
hollow solid
=

=
MECC 401 CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
d) from,
JG
TL
= u
for steel,
G = 11.5 x 10
6
psi
JG
T
L
, solid for
=
u
G ) D (
32
T
L
, then
D
32
J
, where
4
4
t
=
u
t
=
ft / 269 . 0
L
or
rad
180
x ft / rad 0047 . 0
L
ft
in 12
x
)
in
lb
10 x 5 . 11 ( ) in 5 (
32
in lb 427 , 276
L
, ng substituti
o
o
2
6 4
=
u
t
=
u
t
=
u
G ) D D (
32
T
L
, then
) D D (
32
J
, where
JG
T
L
, hollow for
4
i
4
o
4
i
4
o

t
=
u

t
=
=
u
MECC 401 CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
for L = 10 ft
| |
ft / 2396 . 0
L
rad
180
x ft / rad 004077 . 0
L
)
in
lb
10 x 5 . 11 ( in ) 2 / 1 2 ( ) 4 / 1 5 (
32
ft
in 12
x in lb 427 , 276
L
, subs
o
o
2
6 4 4 4
=
u
t
=
u

t
=
u
o
o
69 . 2
) ft 10 )( ft / 269 . 0 (
L x
L
, solid for
= u
=
u
= u
o
o
336 . 2
) ft 10 )( ft / 2336 . 0 (
L x
L
, hollow for
= u
= u
u
= u
therefore,
the solid shaft is more rigid !
MECC 401 CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Practice problems:
MECC 401 CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
MECC 401 CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
MECC 401 CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
MECC 401 CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
MECC 401 CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
MECC 401 CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
MECC 401 CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING