Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle Seventh Revised Edition, 1996 Subcommittee on Beef Catle Nutrition Committee on Animal Nutrition Board on Agriculture ‘National Research Couneil Nationa ACADEMY Press ‘Washington, D.C.[National Academy Press + 2101 Constitution Avenue Washington, D.C. 20418, [NOM The project ha tbe sefec eprt as approved ye Cerig Boat fe Nata Resear Cel. stose acer ar ra fom the coc fe Nana Nem of Sces te atom! Actey atria ett of eee The Rembe he come psc {orth repr were nen rte opcal cetacean lth regard appt lane “tn reprthos ben reve pup tan heaters tng poco & ‘ego ics Commtice oman members ne Naa ean snes eae Ate) ‘linger andi nate of Medan ssa as supper he iar! Resear Serv the US. 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The nse ats under he perty een the Natanal aon Slee ‘pits ongretona rt to ea ae ote eer een, pon one tate oe {tnvenut medal cae, rscch and eso, Reneh Shieh pest of he te Mei {nc bad coamany of scence sd tangy wh Acces prc hbriag Kw td ‘abner erent Fractoane cote wheal ps dtr yh ren {fe Canc tas became te pina operating ae) of hie aml Ace eens 0 ton Academy ageing m psn nicer he gerne he pub adhe sci a ‘renringommaties The Cone = snes amin bah acca he state ewe De iace Mt ers ana De Hara chu ae caiman vie rma. regen, fhe Nate Unrar of Cngres Catalin Pubcon Data Noten rors be eaten ott Cale Narn Camm ot nina Nat, "harden gevr, Maton Reseach Cau 7 oe Inco nacre at be tet cle Peng ad feds, 1. Nata Rear Cun U8), Seon on Be Cate Aare Il sere Str rqaremen of dane mah (omit ©1996 by the Nana adem of Slemces A hs sero ‘ean ngs conn recanted inet fh ta)SUBCOMMITTEE ON BEEF CATTLE NUTRITION JOCK G. BUCHANAN-SMITH, Chat, University of Guelph, Canada LARRY L. BERGER, University of Ilnois CALVIN L. FERRELL, US. Department of Agicultue, Agicultsral Research Senice, ‘Clay Center, Nebraska DANNY G. FOX, Cerell Univesity MICHAEL L. GALYEAN, Clayton Livestack Research Center, Caton, New Mexico DAVID F. HUTCHESON. Aninal Agicultual Consuling, Inc, Aman, Teas ‘TERRY J. KLOPFENSTEIN, Universty of Nebrska JERRY W. SPEARS, North Cardina State Univensty (COMMITTEE ON ANIMAL NUTRITION DONALD C. BEIT, Chat, Iova State Unversiy (GEORGE C. FAHEY, Unversity of Ilinois DANNY G. FOX, Cornell Univesity® RONALD L. HORST, US. Department of Agriculture, Agicltural Research Sentce, Ames, low ‘TERRY J. KLOPFENSTEIN, Universty of Nebraska AUSTIN J. LEWIS, University of Nebraska ALICE N. PELL, Cornell University GARY D. POTTER, Texas A&M University JERRY L SELL, Tova Stte Unversity ROBERT P. WILSON, Missspp Stite Usiversty KARIN M. WITTENBERG, Unterty of Manitoba, Canada Saf MARY 1. POOS, Project Director CHARLOTTE KIRK BAER, Program Officer JANET OVERTON, Editor DENNIS BLACKWELL, Senior Projet Asistant ‘Yo 198, hog Je 9,1 iiBOARD ON AGRICULTURE DALE E. BAUMAN, Chat, Comell Univenity JOHN MANTLE, Montana State University MAY R. BERENBAUM, Univerty of Ino, Urbana-Champaign LEONARD S. BULL, Noth Carolina University, Raleigh WILLIAM B. DELAUDER, Deuwware State University RICHARD R. HARWOOD, Michigan State University T. KENT KIRK, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Macon, Wacorin GEORGE E. SEIDEL, JR, Colorado State University CHRISTOPHER R. SOMERVILLE, Cameyie Intute of Washington JOHN R. WELSER, The Upjohn Company, Kalanazoo, Michigan suf J. PAUL GILMAN, Executce Director ‘CARLA CARLSON, Assistent Excutce DirectorAmeng domestic Ivesock in Non Americ, the range in type and condison of bef cattle as well as production ‘ewounentis retvely extreme. Stee the 1984 pubica- tion of Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cate, Sith Revised {Edcon, a eat anount of efort it our siverses and ‘esearch stations has been put nto defining the impact of ‘attle's Bologea, production, and envrormental dvers- tesandvaraions en utient uizabon and requirements Variations in cate type are redeced inthe large number cattle breeds. However, within breed groupings, for ‘eample, beef vs dary, many breed effects on nutent can he accounted for by reference to animal ‘has, and this prinaple adopted inthe recommendations resend in this volume, with qualations noted where ‘tecesury Otber animal vanaton ate toby conditon. and this impacts onthe ality of grovingsnimal to make ‘compensatory grovth. A mbstanal amour of information tas been published concerning the effects coxdition oF fishin cowshas ‘ously. Envtonmental variation can also have a sigaieant lffect en nutsent requirement, and our krowledge ofthis ts grown substantally as wel In paiculr, the mporant tffects ofthe emaronment and ste on fod intake are documented ‘Calculating the effets of vanation has benefited fom the development of mathematical models to predict and understand relationships between nuerient puts and i= nal ouputs and from experience in using them For his ‘elison the sabeormitte has evaluated todeleg in co. ‘ort with experimental dita. Ths plication i mot a r.0- Ion but ony one step on the adder to a more complete ‘understanding of Beef cattle and their nutrient eure ‘To this end, and very early nthe development of this celiuon, the subcommitiee desided to inside withthe Preface Dublicaton a computer model on diskette to formulste Fequirementst two modeling levels. The fit level is more ‘copincal and preseted ina format similar to that rene with the previous elton. By defining some Fundamental ‘eationships concerning nutrient digestion, the second level is more mechanistic nd provided for student of beef ctle nutrition, young and old to provoke dscusion and ‘continuing eveluton of knowledge inthe subject. The goal atte in levelisto obtain the greatest predictive accuracy: whereas the goal fer the second lve is les concerned wt predictive aceracy than vith developing an under- standing ofthe | “The subcommittee expects that the two levels wl fa be compared. Where the second lev! can predict animal performance succesfully i could then be used for par- [poses other than those traditionally ensisoned for mutrient requirement standards. For eample, the mode! level 2 could be helpful in diagnosing why animal performance fon a ghen cet is less than expected. Fer both levels, requirements are documented and summacted in equa tions. To facitate adoption of requirements examples are Illustrated in the publication in tabular format. In dition, a table generstor is proviled sith the computer models and all these accompany this publication on a dskete, together with a user’ guide, There are specific aspects about fedstufh and nutrient requirements that lave been emphasized inthe revision ofthe previous edition. There was a need to develop a aca base on feed compostion that is current and widely applicable. Ths was done by obainieg information frum ‘haya laboratories throughout North America, Compo sitonal data on feedstuffs have been summrized to show not only the average values but alo their vasiances, Detaled information collected recerly on development ‘ofthe fetus and conceptus during pregnancy as ben sed topreserhe nutrient requirements ofpestating cate mere recsely, The same was possible for actaton because ofviii Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle beter understandingf factors acting the evel of milk Drodicton andthe lation cane in bef cows. Protein Trqurements have been eablsed orc our cent Innvedg of nrogen sagen rina: andthe tems resbedin th pebbatos havebeenshaneed tocar porate more recent developments, for example, hort Foqurements for amino ac and icra reprements {nthe rumen forage consents in aldtes oanio- ‘a. Revigon of mineral ad vain queers has Incorporated significant ody of mw inbrtaon on phos. phon, magnesum, andthe B seaniss apd warn E ‘Theft that tae mipral requement for young cate ‘ot bay sent to matre ania as en os tented ar well A more complete documentation of water ‘qurements given in the pobation and table on ‘rater nate by beef ete i acide. Asim previous ‘Sito, rutseet reprements ue epee on 8 per tial pr ay ai "To formlae det snd predict performance fete on aay gen edi sees to pred take. ‘Telgenendrelddnip of ineweght sd Set quay intake, a preserted nthe sth edition bas ben rained inthe pllictn; butthe eet fit qual and ena Sate hes been eed more in underalng ts work he sdxomnite considered current ses bet cate proton nach they Affect utrient requirements One otheseinvohes preduct (quality and the tend toward carcass containing more ‘ean meat and less ft. The subcommittee has not tempted t defi wht level offi how. ver, asers of ths publaten should be abl to define utrientrequirerrents fo feeding cattle to diferent evel bf fatness more precisely than hasbeen posible with pev- ts eitions. Another ive involves environmental avare- fess. Nutrient requirements bear only a perpberal let this problem; however, the models preseted can be sed Inditecty to predict the loss of natient—for example, ‘trogen and phorphorss—in animal manure ard promote responsible feeding to prevestpollition from beet cate operations "The subcommitee would Ike to remind readers, when ‘sing the recommendations presented in this report, that Snimal obseration can be a wef as det adoption of ‘what recummeaded in this book Inthe preparation of this por, the subcommittee acknowledges the assistance ‘of maty colleagues who have provided dita on which rec- ‘ommendations ar based or provided commentary. With ‘out thei isput, this publicition would not have been Jock Buchasan-Seuth, Chair Subeommitise on Beef Cathe Nutition