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Problem 1: (Depth) A conical (cone-shaped) tank (with vertex down) is 10 feet across the top
and 12 feet deep. If water is flowing into the tank at a rate of 10 cubic feet per minute, find the
rate of change of the depth of the water when the water is 8 feet deep.
Step 3: Use the model and the given information to solve the problem
1
V = πr2 h (1)
3
5
Substitute in r = h (see similar triangles section below) and simplifying we end up with
12
25
V = πh3 (2)
432
dV 75 dh
= πh2 (3)
dt 432 dt
Equation (3) is called a related rate problem, because there is a relation between the rate at which
the water is flowing into the tank and the rate of change of the depth of the water.
dh dV
Solve for when height of the water is 8 feet (h = 8). Substitute in = 10 and h = 8 into
dt dt
equation (3),
75 dh
10 = π(8)2 (4)
432 dt
dh 9
Therefore, = feet/minute.
dt 10π
Similar Triangles:
12 r
r h
=
5 12
5
Solving for r, r = h
12
Problem 2: (Air Traffic Control) An airplane is flying at an altitude of 5 miles and passes directly
over a radar antenna. When the plane is 10 miles away (s = 10), the radar detects that the distance
s is changing at a rate of 240 miles per hour. What is the speed of the plane ?
x
Plane is 10 (s = 10) miles away from the radar.
Step 3: Use the model and the given information to solve the problem
ds dx dy
2s = 2x + 2y (5)
dt dt dt
dy
Since the plane is flying in the ”x-direction” then there is no change in y, hence = 0.
dt
Equation (5) becomes
ds dx
2s = 2x (6)
dt dt
is given by
1 1 1
= + (8)
R R1 R2
where R, R1 , and R2 are measured in ohms. R1 and R2 are increasing at rates of 1 and 1.5 ohms
per second, respectively. At what rate is R changing when R1 = 50 ohms and R2 = 75 ohms ?
dR1
Increasing rate at resistor 1: = +1 ohms/sec
dt
dR2
Increasing rate at resistor 2: = +1.5 ohms/sec
dt
dR
Want to find the the rate of R when R1 = 50 ohms and R2 = 75 ohms: =?
dt
1 1 1
= + (9)
R R1 R2
Step 3: Use the model and the given information to solve the problem
Using implicit differentiation on equation we get the following related rate equation,
1 dR 1 dR1 1 dR2
2
= 2 + 2 (11)
R dt R1 dt R2 dt
dR
Solving for
dt
µ ¶
dR 1 dR1 1 dR2
= R2 2 + 2 (12)
dt R1 dt R2 dt
dR1 dR2
We are given , , R1 , and R2 but not provided with R. Using equation
dt dt
1 1 1
(9) we can solve for R: = + ⇒ R = 30
R 50 75
dR
Solving for :
dt
µ ¶
dR 1 1
= 302 2
(1) + 2 (1.5) (13)
dt 50 75
dR
Therefore, = 0.6 ohms/sec.
dt