OBSTACLE LIMITATION SURFACES AND ASSESSMENT CRITERIA FOR PERMISSIBLE HEIGHTS FOR THE STRUCTURE AROUND THE AERODROMES

AIRPORTS AUTHORITY OF INDIA

OBJECTIVE
To control construction of buildings in area that may affect the safety or efficiency in aircraft operation as per guidelines of International Civil Aviation Organization The objective is to ensure obstacle free airspace around aerodrome to permit safe aircraft operations and to prevent aerodromes from becoming unusable by the unrestricted growth of obstacles A series of obstacle limitation surfaces are defined which help in assessing the limits to which objects may project into the airspace

 OBSTACLE LIMITATION SURFACES ( OLS ) Surfaces in the airspace above and adjacent to the aerodrome. Extend beyond the boundary of the airport and therefore require protection by the enactment of Zoning Regulations for aircraft operation. Provided by Instruments which regulates the erection of structures . Applies to all the lands, including public road / structures adjacent to or in the vicinity of an airport.

Requirement of OLS

These obstacle limitation surfaces are necessary to enable aircraft to maintain a satisfactory level of safety while maneuvering at low altitude in the vicinity of the aerodrome specially in case of an emergency landing.

Consequence of not protecting the obstacle limitation surfaces.

Limiting the distance for take-off and landings. Raising the aerodrome Met. minima. Reduction in the payload of aircraft

Methods of control
Enactment of height zoning protection by the local government authority Establishing an effective obstacle removal procedures.

OTHER SALIENT POINTS

GOVERNING DOCUMENT- SO 84E of January,2010 TAKE-OFF CLIMB SURFACE CONSIDERED FOR TAKE-OFF RWYs. OFZ i.e INNER APPROACH,INNER TRANSITIONAL APPROACH & BALKED LANDING FOR CAT II & ABOVE. PROVISION OF SHIELDING BENEFIT NO OBJECT IS PERMITTED IN THE BASIC STRIP/OFZ EXCEPT THOSE WHICH ARE ESSENTIAL FOR NAVIGATION OF THE AIRCRAFT AND SUCH OBJECTS MUST BE FRANGIBLE. AT ALL THE AIRPORTS THE APRONS, TERMINAL BUILDINGS, CONTROL TOWER, FLOOD LIGHT MASTS, NAV-AID INSTALLATIONS FALL IN TRANSITIONAL SURFACE.

GOI ORDERS (1)

No building or structure shall be constructed or erected, or no tree shall be planted on any land within the limits specified as below in respect of Civil and Military Aerodromes as listed( annexure 1), aerodromes to be constructed or developed and notified by the Competent authority in future where there is any building, structure or tree on such land, the owner or the person having control of such building, structure or tree shall demolish such building or structure

Annexure 1. The land enclosed in approach funnels of the runway with a maximum distance of 300 meters , measured from each runway end along extended centre line of the runway,60 meters on either side of it. The land comprising within the runway strip of uniform width of 150 meters on either side of the centre line which extend to 60 meters beyond each extremity of the runway end along extended center line of the runway.

GOI ORDERS (2)

No building or structure higher than the height specified in annexure 2 shall be constructed or erected or no tree which is likely to grow higher than the height specified in annexure 2 shall be planted on any land within a radius of twenty kilometers from the aerodrome reference point ( ARP) of the aerodromes listed in Annexure 3).

AGA SURFACES
Transitional surface Departure / Approach surface

Inner horizontal surface

Conical surface Outer Horizontal surface

DIMENSIONS OF BASIC STRIP

RUNWAY INSTRUMENT RUNWAY NON-INSTRUMENT RUNWAY Width extending laterally on either side of the rwy C/L (Metre) Length beyond Runway end/stopway (Metre)

Code No.

Length (Metre)

Width extending laterally on either side of the rwy C/L(Metr e)

Length beyond Runway end/stopway

<800

75

60

30

30

800 < 1200

75

60

40

60

1200 < 1800

150

60

75

60

1800 & abv

150

60

75

60

Runway and Basic Strip

150M

Basic Strip
RUNWAY

60M

60M 150M

Basic Strip

OBSTACLE CONTROL IN APPROACH SURFACE

Objects which penetrate the approach surface are critical since they represent an erosion of the clearance between the final approach path, usually 3 degrees, and fixed or mobile obstacles on the ground. On an approach where the approach surface is significantly obstructed, the safe operation of aircraft requires raising the aerodrome approach meteorological minima thereby reducing the usability of the airport. If the object penetrates into the approach surface, the threshold is displaced, thereby reducing the available landing distance considerably putting restrictions in aircraft operation. This can have an adverse effect on the regularity of aircraft operations and could impose payload penalties on landing / take off of the aircraft.

APPROACH SURFACE
The approach area shall be established from the smaller ends of the runway strip for each runway direction intended to be used for the landing of the aeroplanes. In relation to an instrument runway , means the area in the shape of an isosceles trapezium having the longer parallel side 4800 meters long and smaller side 300 meters long where the smaller and longer parallel sides are placed at a distance of 50 meters and 15060 meters respectively from the end of the runway end at right angles to the extended center line. Has a divergence of 15% on either side Has a slope of 2% upto 3000M and 2.5% for next 3600M- having a flat section thereafter.

DIMENSIONS AND SLOPES OF APPROACH SURFACES (INSTRUMENT RWY)

RUNWAY Code No. Length 1 <800 2 800 < 1200 3 1200 < 1800 Vertical Section(DIVERGENCE 15% ON EITHER SIDE First Section Length Slope 3000 3000 2.5% 2.5% Second Section Length Slope 12000 3% 12000 3.33% 3600 2.5% Horizontal section Length

-------------------8400

3000 2%

4 1800 & abv

3000

2%

3600

2.5%

8400

Transitional surface
Means a specified surface sloping upwards and outwards from the side of the strip, and the approach surface to the inner horizontal surface or to a specified height. Infringement of them by an obstacle results in the reduction in the clearance available whilst carrying out an approach to land or during a missed approach procedure.

Transitional Surface
MAX PE 45M
1:7
315M
Transitional Surface App/Transitional Surface

Approach Surface
Transitional Surface

315M

App/Transitional Surface

2250M

ZONING MAP

Approach/Transitional Surface Calculation

MAX PE 45M
App/Transitional Surface

Approach Surface
1:50 1:7

2250M

Inner horizontal surface

Specified portion of a horizontal plane located above an aerodrome and its immediate environment. This surface establishes the height above which it may be necessary to restrict the creation of new obstacles, or remove existing obstacles, to ensure the safety of aircraft maneuvering by visual reference in the aerodrome circuit prior to landing. The inner horizontal surface is more significant for VFR operations. It also provides protection for circuiting aircraft following an instrument approach. It does not usually represent a critically limiting surface around a large aerodrome handling IFR traffic.

DIMENSIONS AND PERMISSIBLE HEIGHTS OF INNER HORIZONTAL SURFACE

RUNWAY Code No. Length 1 2 <800 800 < 1200 INSTRUMENT RUNWAY RADIUS(ME HEIGHT(MET TRE) RE) 3500 3500 45 45 NON-INSTRUMENT RUNWAY RADIUS(MET RE) 2000 2500 HEIGHT(MET RE) 45 45

3
4

1200 < 1800

1800 & abv

4000
4000

45
45

4000
4000

45
45

Inner Horizontal Surface

Flat at 45M
Inner Horizontal Surface

4000M

Inner Horizontal Surface

Conical surface
Means a specified surface sloping upwards and outwards from the periphery of the inner horizontal surface. It establishes the vertical limits above which it may be necessary to restrict the creation of new obstacles, or remove existing obstacles, to ensure the safety of aircraft maneuvering by visual reference in the aerodrome circuit prior to landing.

DIMENSIONS AND PERMISSIBLE HEIGHTS OF CONICAL SURFACE RUNWAY Code No. Length INSTRUMENT RUNWAY Horizontal distance of Conical Surface beyond I.H.S (Met) <800 800 < 1200 1200 < 1800 1800 & abv 1200 1200 2000 2000 NON-INSTRUMENT RUNWAY Maximum height above I.H.S (Metres)

Maximum height Horizontal above I.H.S distance of (Metres) Conical Surface beyond I.H.S (Met) 60 60 100 100 700 700 1500 2000

1 2 3 4

35 35 75 100

OUTER HORIZONTAL SURFACE

OHS shall extend from the edge of Conical Surface to 15000m from the ARP

Height of OHS - 300 M Above Aerodrome elevation Slope 5% slope of Conical surface continues. Slope from Approach Surface edge is 1:7 from 150M to 300M( Extends upto 1050M from Approach edge)

DATUM FOR AGA CLEARANCE

APPROACH SURFACES:
-

elevation of the associated runway end

respective runway end elevation where significant difference exists betn. rwy end elevation of the order of 6m or more lower end elevation is the datum

I.H.S, CONICAL SURFACE

OHS
Aerodrome Elevation

Approach Surface
PLAN VIEW 4000 M

Approach Surface

2250 M 150 M

1:7
PROFILE VIEW

45M

Approach Surface

AGA Surfaces in Profile View

Outer Horizontal Surface

Inner Horizontal Surface Transitional Surface

Conical Surface

300M

C/L

45M
Ground Level
150M 315M 4000M

45M

145M

2000M