.s. 162.

O.B.11146.
Bnttalion Commanders. Bnttery Commanders. Regimentnl Commnnders.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE TRAINING OF THE BRITISH ARMIES IN FRANCE.

(PROVISIONAL.)
1

(Issued by the ffeneral Staff.)

~

'Jun'e, 1917.

Printed under the authority of His H r j e 9 @ ' 8 Stationery Office ' By DARLING ALRD SON, LIMITED, BACON STRELT, R.2.

CONTENTS.

CAAPTER I.-Tne POLICY OF TRAININQ. (i) CTenoral Policy ......... (ii) Responsibility of Commanders ... (iii) Categories of Schools ...... ... (iv) Training Areas and Camps CH~PTER TI.-!l!nr: SYSTEM OF TEAININQ. (i) Training in Units . . . . . . . . . General Principles .:. ... Individual Training ...... Collective Training ... ..; (ii) Training at Schools ...... (iii) Training in Areas nnd Canips ...

...
...

...

... ... ... ...

...

...
...

Appent ARMY INFAXTRY SOEOOL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I (A) Syllabus for Students' Course. (B)Syllahus for Instruction in Equitation. (C) Syllabus for Instructors' Refresher Course. (D) Establishment (Provisional). Cohmandinq O f i c e d Courses . . . . . . . . . I1 (A) Objects. (R) Arrangements. (C) Subjects for Discussion. . Suggested __ Scolding, Obselvation nnd Sniping School ... 1 1 1 . (A) Syllabus. (B) Estnblishnient (Provisional). ARMY AI~TTLLERY Sonooi .......... (A Syllnbus. (B] Establishment. T~enchMortar (Heavy and Medium) School (A) Syllabus. (B) Establishment.
(11534.)

...

IV.

...

V.

Wt. W. 3572-9829. 16,000. 6/17. DLS. (f.2. P. 17/41

\RXY

S I G N A L SCUOOL

................
...............

Appendix.

VI.

(A) Syllabus.

(B) Instriictiond Establishment.

>OnPS INFANTICY 601100L

VII.

(A) Syllabus. (B)Estdlishrnont (Provisional).

i
1

....
(A) Syllabns. (B) Establishment (Provisional) Livis G U ~ School ..... (A) Syllnbus. (B) Estnblishment (Provisional)

.1.

........

IX.

(A) Syllabus. (B) Instructional Establishment. .i>'mt-r DIVIS~OPAL SCHOOL. . . . . . . . . . . . Syllabus.

USKETRY

XI.

.....................
Stniidurd 'J'ests.

XII.

(A) Syllabus for Special Course for Instructors. (B) Snggestcd Ten Day Churse based on the

'HAINING

A B A V T A l ~ l O N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XIIT. (A) Suggested Allotment of Time. (B) Suggested 'Programme (Sumruer) for Individnnl, Soction, Platoon and Company Training. (C) Suggested Field " Practico (Bnyonetfighting and Musketry).
(TRAINING)

. . . . . . . . . . . XIV.
XV.
. -

Duties of G.S.0s. 1 (Training) in Armies and of 0.S.OS. 2 (Training) in Corps.

8TRUUTORS

..................

Appraximnta Annual Out u t of Iuatriictors (officers and N.c.&) p e i Attulion from Schools in France.

A2

CHAPTER I.
THE POLICY O F TRAINING.
I.-GENERAL POLICY. 1. The general policy of training in t h e British Armies id France may be Qricfly stated t o be as follows:(i) Commandcrs of formations are responsible for t h e e5eiency of the units under their immediate command. (ii) Commanding Officer8 a r e responsible for the training of all ofticers, N.C.08. and men in their units. (iii) Various special Instructors are trained at Schools in order t o assist Commanding Officers i n training their units. With the same, object courses of instruction are given a t Schools for Company Commanders, Platoon Commanders, Company Sergeant Majors and Platoon Sergeants. (iv) Iteinlorccments with certain exceptions, a r e , trained a t Training damps or with their units. 11.-RESPONSIBILITIP

O F COD1hlANDBltS.

1. Commanders sliould train the troops they lead into action. This is a principlc which must never he depzrted from, and

nothing in the Eollowing instructions, t h e object of which i E t o co-ordinste policy and system and 80 t o arrive a t uniformity of doctrine, is to he held t o reliere Commalirlers of their initial responsibility. No form of training which can be carried out by Officert Cornmanding units is t o be relegated t o Schools. has shown thnt there a r e certain specia; NoTe.-Experience and technical forms of training which cannot be e x p l a i t d t o t h e fullest cxtent in units. For these i t will bc necessary t o scud personnel to Schools. 2. Thc word School, in the following instructions, is noi t a bo confused with Class of Instruction. Schoola are established by G.H.Q., Armies and Corps, on a pcrmanent basis, mith a n approved establishment, for thc primary purpose of training Instructors. Classes of instruc tion are formed temporarily by Divisions and Brigades for tht purpose of training Personnel, and Instructors as may bc
necessary.

It is not intended t o interfere v i t h the discretion 0 : Divisional and Brigade Commanders to form. Clnsses o lnstruction.

6
9. As n general principle, young officers should not be sent
t o a School until they have been at duty with their unit for

at least three months.

111.-CATEGORIES O F SCHOOLS. 1. School8 in England train:s t a f f Officers (Clare Collcgc, Uambridge). Senior I n f a n t r y Regimental Ofiiocrs to he Battalion Commanders (Aldershot). Officers of the Royal Artillery to he BatGry Commanders
(Salisbury Plain).* 2. The Schools t o be maintained in future in France are divided into the fallowing categurieli :(A) G.H.Q. Sohaols. (B Army Schools. Corps Schools.

(63

(A) G . K . Q . Srh.fin7r. (i) Staff Officers. (ii) 1L.E. Wield Company Commanders. (iii) Officersand N.C.0.s in the tactical handling of Machine Guns and Lewis Guns; and lnstructars in Musketry. (At the three branches, Machine Gun, Lewis Gun and Rifle respectively, of the G.H.Q. Small Arms School.) (iv) Personnel in Aerial Machine Gunnery, Aeroplane Bombing, &$., Flash Observation, Wircless, Bridging. The syllabus, establishment of Instructors, number of Students, a c . , of each, aro arrangcd t o suit the needs of t.he Armies at the moment. (B) A ~ m y Schbols. I n esoh Army there will be two parent Schools:. (a) A? Infantry School, for the training of Officers as Company Commanders and Sergeanta a8 Company Sergeant Majors. (Appendix I.) This School will have affiliated ta i t (i) Commanding Officers' Courses. (Appendix 11.) (ii) A Scouting, Observation and Sniping Sohool, for t h e trnining of lustroctars in these subjects. (Appendix 111.) (b) An Artillery School, for the training of Instructors in Field, Heavy and Siege Artillery. (Appendis IV.)
+

This School nlw carries out expcrimentnl work with all natures of guna.

I;

Tlris School mill hnve,nffiliaterl M i t A Heavy and Nedium Trench Mortar School: the primary function of this is the production uf Iustructors for units, h u t i t will also train personnel to replace wastage. (Appendix V.) In addition tliero will ,be:(c) A Signal School, which will be maintained i n close touch with the >\rmy Signal Company. This, like thc Tronch Murtar School, will primarily produce Instructors, hut will also t r a i n personnel to roplace wastagc. (Appendix VI.) (2) An Anti-gas School, as required, f o r the k a i n i n g of Tnstrnctors.

(C)

C O q J S Scliouls. In each Corps there w i l l be one parent School:(a) An Infantry School, for the training of Platoon

Commanders and Platoon Sergenqts. (Appendix VII.) This School will h a w affiliated t o it-(i) A Bombing and 3-inch Stokes Mart:ir Sclwol. (Appendix VIII.) (ii) A Lewis Gun School. (Appendix IX.) (iii) (In the Schools of Overseas Farces) Senior Officers : ,a N.C.0s. Courses. I n addition there will be:(a) A Signal School, which will be miiintainerl i n close touch with the Corps Signal Company. (Appendix

X,).

,v,,en required, ( d ) An Anti-Gas School Tn the Cmnlry Corps, Schools will be formed when possihle. (Appendix SI.) Nom-The primary function of all these Schools isthe prodnction of lnstriictors for units; but thc Signal and 3-inch Siokes Mortnr Schools iilso train personnel t o replace wnstnge. 2. In the C R S ~both of Arniies and Corps, uffilinted Schools should he situated in t h e same place as their parent School. When considerations of terrain snitahle for t m i n i n g make this impraciicnble, they should hc situated suficicntly near to admit of thcii baing administered by the Commandant and stolf of their p u e n t School, so as to secure facilities of ntliuinistrntion and eonseqnent economy i n ndrnioistrative persunnel.

(c) 2 . Corps Mounted Troops School

i
3. A I I S ~ h o o ~will s continue training during active operntions. Students will he reckoned amongst the personnel enomamtcd on page 68, section XXX, paragraph 2, sub- aril graph (i) and amended sub-paragraph (11) (a), (1)) and S.S. 1 3 6 Instructions for the training of Divisions for Offensive Action.

8) OF

1V.-TRAINING AREAS AND CATvIPS. 1. Training Areas will be provided fov troops withdrawn into reserve for long periods; for short periods of rest i t will normally only be necessary t o provido troops v.ithdmwn from the trenches with facilitrcs for training cm :L smnller scale (Chapter 11, P a r t 111, prim. 2). Areas for training Cavalry, Special Brigade, R.E., and Tauks will be provided as required. 2. The Training Camps to be maintained i n future will be as follows:Base Training Csmps (under L. of C,). These provido a training tart For rainforcemen& nf all arms (except Cavalry and certain teohnical units). All forms of tosts and preliminary training arc carried out, encapt in Musketry and Trench Mortars; prmtice i n the former is limited to n 3% yards range. *Arm Camns. h e p r i k r y function of those is to t r a i n I n structors in Musketry, but, where convenient, they inny also be iised t o train onits wheii out of the trenches. This will be fnoilitntod if they are in close proximity t o tho Training Aren,s. (Appendis X I I ; Chapter IT, Pmt 111, para. 6 . ) (e) Corps Reinfarccmout Camps. The function of these is t o train reinforcements in musketry a n d t o continue the general training of reinforcements received during battle. For convenience and efficiency these Camps should, when possihle, he situated near Corps Schools. 3. It is not part of t h e polioy to maintain Artillcry Practice camps.
*Whenever possible, Murkctry Trnining should be cnrriad out iu uuits. (Appandix X u W.1 . . . , 2.~z-2 .... .-

CHAPTER X I . TEE SYSTEM OF TRAlNING.

'

PART I.-TRAINING I N UNITS. I.-GENEHAI, 1'nrxcrpm.s. 1. The principles laid down in the Training Nannals of the various arms a r e in no may superseded. F u r t h e r iqstructions in amplification of these Manuals, dealing v i t h the use of new wcapons and t h e application of special methods, are issied to all concerned from time to time. 2. A Brigadier-General, Genoral Staff (Training), has been appointed a t Goncrnl Headquarters, and General Staff 05cers, 1st grade and 2nd grpde, have been n pointed t o Armies and Corps respcctively, additional t o the 8taE Establishment, f o r t h e specific purpose ,of the euporviaian of training. (Appendix XtV.) The training of each Division must he carried out under the personal guidanco of its Divisional Commander, aasiated, controlled and suporvised by the Corps and the Army. Every Commander should inspire his unit with his personal energy and fighting spirit. 3. It cannot be omphmized too often t h a t all training, at all times nnrl i n all places, must aim a t t h e oultivation of t h e offensive spirit in all ranka. 4. ('Success in war dcpends more on moral than o n physical qonlities, ac." (F.S.R., P a r t I., Chaptors 1-2). N o opportunity should he missed of inculcating mutual confidence, oohesion, and the spirit of combination. It bas frequently happened t h a t leaders have had t o look for and find theik men during a n advaneo under fire. The converae should invariably prevail : the men must acquire the habit of looking spontaneously t o their leaders f o r direction. This can only be acquired by constant attention and training. Too great stress cannot he laid on the necessity for developing by every possible means the morale and soldierly spirit of all ranks. With this abject constant attention ahould be paid t o discipline, dress, saluting, cleanliness, and care of billets. 5. Lectures shonld be givon on matters of interest by Officers recently returned 'from Schools, by Staff Officersand outside Lcctnrers when procurable. Moreover, i t should be t h e special care of Officers to talk t o their men on the.general situation and to explain t o them fully their duty in. given conditions. Examples of fine conduct and bravery should be described, so as t o develop mutual confidence and esprit de corps and to inspire new arrivals.

9 6. The value of demonstrations should be fully utilimd. .Demonstrations showing the correct and incorrect_ manner of carrying out almost any military exercise (e.g., Guard Mounting, Scouting, Patrolling, t h e Attack, &c., &c.) is the surest and quickest method of impnrting instruction. For this purpose specimen Sections, Platoons, Companies, and even Battalions, may be advantageously employed. Care should he taken t h a t the object of the demonstration is fully and clearly explained t o all cuncerned before commencing . and t h a t t h e audience is under cuntrol and suitably placed for viewing each movement.

7. Every Commander should bear clearly in mind the two fallowing considerations :(i) T h a t Individual Training should he i n progress whether his unit is i n or out of the trenches. Training in Morale in partioular and t o a great extent Training i n Skill a t Arms can be carried on whilst t h e u n i t is in the trenches. This applies not only to such OffensiTO dutics as the correct action of patrols, bombing parties, &., b u t ako t o training in ordinary duties, such 89 sanitation, carrying, digging &c. It rests in the hands of Brigado and Reiimental Commanders to see t h a t the performance of all duties is carried o u t i n such a mannar as to inculcate discipline and promote efficiency. Classes undei Brigade arrangements should slways be i n progress for training in the fallowing, aa may he required:Musketry. Lewis Gunnery. Signalling. Scouting, Observation and Sniping. Dug-out Making. Bombing. %inch Stokes Mortar Gunnery. Tactical Exercises for Staff and ReGimentaI. OEcers should be carried out under Divisional arrangements. (ii) T h a t Collective Training can only be performed during eriods when his unit is out of the trenches. h e s e periods fall into two distinct sub-divisions:(A) Short Periods for Rest. (B) Lou& Periods for Training.

10

(A) Shmt Periods for Rest. Tho training carried out in these circumstances should be more of a reoupcrative nibtiire than anything else. Now-Overtraining defeats ita own object. It is ss detrimental to morale and efficiency as undertraining. This principle applies bath t o short periods,for rest and to long, periods for tr&ing. (Appendix XI11 (A) guiding principl.es, and S . S . 1.43, pngo 16.) The points to which attention should be speually directed are:Cleaning up Men, Equipment and Transport. Steady Drill mid Ceremonial. Skill at Arms. Physical Training. Routo Marching. Recreational Training (S.S. 137). Amusoments.

Details of n suggested pmgramme and t h e objects i t is desired to attain will be found in Appendix XI11 (B).
(B) Long Peviods for Tmiming. 8. Training during these periods must be carefully divided inb(a)liidiridrinl ' I h i n i n g . ( I , ) Collccrire 'Training.

9. I n order t h a t tho fullwt

1x0

may be made of the time

and ground nvnilahle, programmes, showing the allotmept of areas t o units and tho sub-division of tho time available into tho two categories above-mentioned, must bo issued by

Divisions and Brigades before t h e troops actually arrive in their Training Areas. This will entail previous reconnaissa?oe on the part of Divisional and Brigade Stafls before units cam0 out of t h e line. 10. Ground selected should, whenever possible, provide terrain mhere field firing can be carried out with llve ammunition. ( P a r t 111, para. 2 of this chapter.) Even if t h e space availablo only admits of the training a t one time of a Company or l'lntoon, its value should be utilised to t h e fullest extent.' A rango should always include fa'eilities for practising t h e Assault (Bayonet-fighting and Musketry). (Appendix XI11 (C).)
Gmmd sl!i$blc for training purposes is obtniued by t h c Q.H.G. through the French Mmsmn.

11

11. Area C o n i m a n d a ~ ~ tassisted .~, by Town Majors 2nd Billet Wnrdeas, arc iesponsiblo Cor the mnintenanco of bayonatfighting oontms and applinncen, trenches, ranpea, nmslrctrr stores, dtc., once they have been constructed i n their areas (Q.A. 2/4603/11, dated 1/2/17.) 12. The grOtlnd-TVOrk of the training shonld he laid down by

Regimental, Battery and Rattalion Cammnnders, the whole k i n g under t h c close supervision of Bri zde Commanders. Special coiirsos under qiialificd officers for &'teaching of nciv approved mo~hods will bo organised under Divisional arrnngements. 1.3. Training must be pTOgrCssivC and must be carried out on a definite programme (Appcndir XIJI). A n abject which must he kept in the forefront of all training is the fitting of men for work in the open r r n d Ikeeping of them active and i n good hoalth. 1.4, Refresher courses for d l instructors should be held before each particular form of tI'aining t;Lkes place. -These should oociipy from half nn hour t o an hour a day. 15, The triiiuiug U? the subordbvaie Icadt-rs .is of vitiil iuportancc. They should he trained not mercly for the performance of the duties of their actual rank, b u t also for those of a higher grade.. .. Frequent opportunities of csploiting nn initial SLICOBSS have heen. missed owing t o junior Commandors not having bean trained in t h e prinoiples and methods of t n m i n g any givon situation to tho hest advsntago. 16. The falloming train of tliought should be impressed upon all leaxlers by constant training until i t hns become a subconscious habit of mind:(i) Advance to win; aim always at f o r m r d movement. a (ii) ltecannoitrc bcCorc movcment. Movc by bouncls. (iii) On the battlefield, whether halted or on the move, almnys guard your front, flanks and rear. (iv) Combine fire and movement. (v) Rcmember t h a t n bombing a t t a c 2 unaccompanied by B U nttnck abovo ground is scldom of nng value. (vi) Reinforcc by envelppmcnt of one or both flanks, aftar personal reebnnaissanco. (vii) Send b w k information ; r&enihcr thnt ncgstive information i s es'vnhin,hle as positive. 17; Diiring training, every opportunity should be taken to pmfect the system in every unit hy which orders and instnichens permeate d o a n t o the lorvest, grade. This is of the first importance a i d inust never be overlooked.

12

II.-Imwmuu.

TUAININO

1. Individual Training is the keynote of c5cienoy. On the thoroughnoss with whioh i t is carried out rests t h e efficiency of the whole training. It consists of the training of the individual man and the individual horse i n their individual duties. It has, however, in addition a wider zpplication and tho training of tho Section and of the Troop or Platoon forms a necessary complement to Individual Training. 2. It should begin with Section Drill without arms, Saluting, & o . , $c., and gradually work up t o Battle Training of Troops and Platoons. (Appendix x1l.I (B), para. 2 ( c ) , and Appendix XI11 (C).) Senior Officers should exercise a close supervision and give cvcry assistmcc to subordinates a t this stage of training. 3. As n general prinoiple, O5eers and N.C.0.s charged with t h e duty df instruction of troops should adopt the following method:-First, the lesson is to be explained, secondly dekonstrated, and finally carried out as a n exercise. 4. It is an essential p a r t of training for war t h a t the men should be taught t o care f o r themselves, so as to maintain their physical fitncss. T o thia end the necessity for taking t h e most scrupulous care of their clothing, equipment and aecoutrcmcnts must he explained to them. The importance of obedience to orders a s regards arrangements of supply, preservation of irou rations, water, &e., must be impressed on d l ranks. Tlie prevention of waste must he rigorously enforced. 5. Subordinate Commanders will themselves take command. and will carry out the attack of taotioal points. Movement from e w e r t o cover, the advance under fire, the oomhination of fire and movement, the use of Lewis or Hotohkiss Quns, Bombs and RiEe Bombs, and tho assault, culminating with the ocoupation and consolidation of captured ground, should all he practised. I n this, as in other forms of training, the various situations should be studied in which small units (Seotions, Troops, and Platoons) have heen placed during the W a r . (See Part I, para. 15 of this Chapter.) Both i n t h e case of Officers and N.C.0.8, special attention should bo paid t o the training of understudies far all positions and appointments. The handbooks of the various arms a r e the best guides t o be followed j for Infantry apeciar referenoe is to be made to S.S. 143 I Instructions f a r the Training of Platoons for Offensive Action, 1917.

..

13
G. Classs within Regimcnts, Battalions and Batteries are t o be inaugurated a t this stage of training for signallers, runners, dug-aut makers and specia1ist.s in other forms of training whioh cannot be given by-Troop, Platoon, and other subordinate Commanders.

'-11

III.-COLLECTIYETRAIX~NO.
1. I n Collective Training, Squadrons, Batteries and Componies, Regiments and Battalions, also Brigades, will be oxerciscd as eornplcte units. Endeavour should be made to

exercisc each Brigade at least twioe a s a complete unit. Attention i y to be paid t o steady drill and cer$rnonial, as well as t o mi~n~euvrc. I n t h e latter, i t is of the first importano8 that the various arms should co-operate as on the battlefield. Simple tnoticnl schemes, both with and without troops, in which all arms (Air Service, Mounted Troops, Royal Artillery, . Royal Engincers, Infantry and Tanks) should take part, are t o be carried out. Officcrs and signallers can usually .be sent if attendance a s rz unit is impracticable. (F.S.R., P a r t I., Chapters I and Ii:) 2. The objcot t o be attained is t h a t all formations should be able and accustomed t o nian~euvro in the field. The Corps and Division can assist towards the attainment of this objeot by means of Taotical Excrcises for Staff and Regimentsl 05cers. Each Division should carry out during this period at least one exercise complete as for bnttlc. The handbooks of t h e various arm6, and S.S. 135, " I n structions far the Training of Divisions for Offensive Action," are the best guides to be followed during Collective Training; for Infantry in t h e Attack special reference should bo made to S . S . 144, " The Normal Formation for the Attnck." PAR.T 11.-TRAINING AT SCHOOLS. 1. Tho system a t G.H.Q. Schools is laid down in a syllabus which has been circulated t o all concerned. 2. The system of instruction to be adopted at Army and .Corps Schools aims a t imparting to Officers and N.C.0.s who have joined during the war:(i) A knowledge of the unwritten laws and customa of t h e Servioe, which were instinctively learnt-in the MU~M of training by all'rank8 b f o w t h e war. (ii) Tho spirit and tradit.ions of the old Army, thus cultivating in them those guzlities necessary to get the best out of their subordinates. (iii) A sense of strict dicpiplino! yh_j~h i s now more than ever necessary.

14
(iv) A thorough knowledge of their duties, to enable them

to instruct and lend their subordinates with confidence. These aims arc to be obtained by:(i) Example. (ii) Lectures. (iii) The inculcation of n thorough recognition by all rnnks of t h e necessity for drill and for smartness and clennlinoss a t all times. (iv) A study of thc snbjccte laid down i n the syllabus, by demonstration of tho right and wrong ways of doing things, and hy emphasis on the importanoe of s p t e m in overything t o bo done.
3. Students should as a rule be grouped into plntwns f a r purposes of instruction rather than into syndicates. Methods of instruction a r e t o ba t h e same as those to be adopted in Individual Training, namely, explanation, .demon. stration, practice. ( P a r t I, Section 11, para. 3 of this Chaptcr.) 4. The system applies t o t h e Instnictors equally with the Studcnta. It nmst be borne in mind t h a t so severe a strain is imposcd upon Instructors hy their duties t h a t it is cssential to assist them to maintain a high standnrd. This should be done by:(i) Ssfeguardiug their interests as to advancement, &c. (ii) Giving them opportunities for refreshing their minds. (iii) Beeping them in touch with the fighting troops. As regards (i), an instructor, whethcr Offioer or N.C.O., will normally smve a s wch for a period of not less than six months; he will leave 8 School before the expiration of this period only for.his own advancoment or in the e v e u t of his being reported on by the Comrnandant of the School as proving unsntisfnctory as a n Instructor. An Instructor on leaving a School will normally rejoin his unit. 1.f reported on as satisfactory by t h e Commandant of the School. an t h e expiration of his pcriod of dut7, an Officer Instructor will be noted for oarly prcference f o r t h e course of of 23/12/16.) attachment to the Staff. (O.B./1329 Promotion to t h e rank of Warrant Officer will he allowed for N:C.O. Instructors as they come up f a r promotion in their own battalions up to the nnmber of fivo pcr Army School (inclusive of affiliated schools) a t the disoretion of t h e Army Commander. ' As regards (ii) and (iii), r a f r s h e r courses for Instructors and visits to t h e trenches will he held alternately after every second Students' course. (Appendix I (C) for Army Infantry G&ools, Appendix VI1 (B),notes, for Corps I n f a n t r y Schools.)

16

6 . In order t h a t i l sufficiency of Officer Instructors for Schools in Prance may be provided and tho supply regulated, lists of Officers qualified and suitable for the duty will be forwarded to G.H.Q. from Armies, Cavalry Corps, and L. of C. a t t h e ond of each course. 6. The specific objects, functions, instructional establishments of the various Army, Corps and Cavalry Schools to be maintained in France are given in detail in the Appendices.

PAIW 111.-TRAINING I N AREAS AND CAMPS. 1. I n command areas, bath of Armies and of Corps, Trsinink Arcas will, as far.= possible, be provided to allow of t h e tactical exercising :( G ) i n Ammy areas, of n Division; (b) i n Corps areas, of a t loast a Brigade. 2. In forward areas a l l billets rcscrved f a r t h e use of troops resting from duty i n t h e trenches should have connected with
the,,,-

(a) Bayonet-fighting
~

COII~SPS.

(b) Rangw of a t least 30 yards. (e) Bombing trenches.

( d ) Drill grounds. (e) Recreiticn grounds, (f) Machine gun ranges. ( 9 ) Stokes Mortar practice grounds. (for tho responsibility o f their maintenance when wnstructed se0 P a r t I, Section I, 1mm. 11, of this chapter). 3. A t Base Trainihg Camps, reinforeemcnts of d l arms (except Cavdry and uertain technical units) are p u t through a test of "raining which lasts riino days and is mmpreheusive of all tho duties of a soldier in t h e field with t h e exception of Musketry. For Infantry, details a r e laid down in " System of Testing nnd Training Reinfareements carried out by Base Training Schools, R.E.F." Briefly stated, a soldier, found to be markedly deficient in knowledge of his duties; receives such further training as time and other circumstances allow before being sent ta t h e front. 4. Training in Muskctry a t Base R a i n i n g C a m p is necessnrily eonfuulod by limitations of time and range accommodation t u such as cnn he carriad o u t ,on 30 yards ranges. Facilities for further training in Musketry depend to a large extent upon t h e number of Instructors, the terrain, and tho m o u n t of labour ayailable for constructing ranges. Selected Officers and N.C.0.a nro sent t o the G.H.Q. Small

F
16

Arms School to be trained ns Instructors. On completion of their course these are retorned t o their units for t h e purpose of assisting them to inorenw their muskgtry e6iciency. 5 . As s h t e d i n Chapter I, Section IV, 2 (b) and (c), Army Musketry Camps are farmed for the training of additional Musketrg Instructors and also, where convenient, for t h e use of ,mite. Xn iddition, porsonnel returning after n long period in convalescent or rest camps should, when possible, he p u t through a short courw of Musketry at these camps before rejoining their units.. Corps Reinforcement Camps are Iormod, a8 may he necessary, for tho further tiaining in Musketry of reinforoemente and to canti.nue t h e guncrnl training of the personnel left behind by units taking p a r t in an att.ack, undev poge 58, Section XXX of S.S. 135, Instructions for t h e Training of Divisions for Offensive Action. The Syllnhus of a course for Musketry Instructors is givon in Appendix XI1 (A); and tho Syllahna for a ten dag oourse pf iMusketry suitahlo for Reinforcements, &c., ia given in Appeudia XI7 (n).

APPENDICES.

17

APPENDIX I.
ARMY INFANTRY SCHOOL. Number of Students. 150 Officers ' ,.._ ... Company Commanders. 150 N.C.0.s ... Company-Sergeants-Major and Sergeants. . < Duration of Course-Five Weeks.

'-1

___

(A) SYLLABUS FOR STUDENTS' COURSE. 1. Leadership. (a Its meaning. ( b How to acquire the g i f t of. (c ORensive spirit.

2. Disci line.
.

(b) Personal

(a) J c n e r a l behaviour and conduct of officers. appcarance, physical fitness, punctuality, saluting.

3. Morula. Its meaning and importance; responsibility of Officers and N.C.0.s regarding i t ; patriotism; esprit de corps; soldierly spirit in all formations from platoon upwards to tho Army; psychology of the war.
4. Command.

Necessity of system of colnmnnd so as t o ensure continuity; bearing of Officers and N.C.0.s towards their men.
6. Orgaaisatiom. Battalion, Brigade, Division-a
fi. 7 )Till. ..

chain of reaponsibility.

Importance of, as a means to an end. Squad, with arms. IC\ Plntoon. & company. i ) ( e ) Communicating or " shouting" drill (1).Acting as Instructor and check- Habit Of Command. ing faults.

7. Duties of Company Commaaderi and Oficers. (a) System of'billeting. (b) March discipline.

1.

c) I n the trenches.

1 n t h e attack.

7
8. Cmre of A m w , &c.

18

Rifles, Bayonets, Ammunition, Equi ment, Box Respirstors, Clothing, Iron Rations, qatar. 9. Sanitation. I n trenches, billets, bivouacs, line of march. 10. Billet Life. How t o care f a r and g e t the heat o u t of t h e men in billets. Note.-This is a specinl subject the supreme importance of which is often not eEciently realised. 11. Proteetiom. ( a Advanced aqd flank guards, outposts Bounds, reconnaissance. 12. Attack i n Open Warfaw.-S.S. 135, S.S. 143, S.8. 144. (a) Attack of tactical points. (b) Organisation prcvious to. (c) Distribution of troops for. ( d ) Formation with regard to ground. ( e ) Formation with regard t o fire. (1) Close communication with troops on the flanks. (g) I m p r t n n c e of ( rnoppers up. 13. Defence i n Open Warfare. (a) Irimipd lines of defence. Holding tactical points, I h j Takinun a defensive line. \-, D 1 ( c ) Siting of trenches by day and by night. (4)Telling o f f and distribution of working parties. 14. Attack in Trench Wa?.fa?.e.-S.S.135, S.S. 143, S.S. 144. ( a ) Organisation for a n attack from trenches. (b) Supply of ammunition, grenades, rations and water. ( c ) Assembly places. ( d ) Control posts. ( e ] Objectjves. ( f Direction of attack. ( 9 ) Flanks. ( h ) Action of various lines. (i) Action of various waves. (j) Action of I moppers up. 15. Defence in Trench Warfare. ( a Construction of trenches and improvisation. (b)) Siting of trenchcs hy day and nlgbt. ( c ) Distribution ancl telling off of working parties. ( d ) Construction of splinter proof shelters. (e) Loopholes, sighting nnd construction of. ( f ) Sapping,, principles of. ( 9 ) Rapid wiring.
~ ~~~

I9 (h) Uee of tclescopes and periscopea. (if Sniping, use of and mcthads to be employed in. (j) Construction of mine dug-outs.
16. Tyench Orderr.

(a)Desirability and object of. (b) Organisation of work. ( c ) Allotment of lraurs for watch, work, mcals, &o. 1.7. Patio1 Work. (a)Importance of command of No Man's L a n d ; correct action of Patrols when enemy is met with. (b) B o w to organise. ( c ) Bounds. 18. N u s k e t t y . (a) Rapid loading with dummios;"correct bolt msnipnlation. (b) Aiming; triangle of error; aiming from tripoda or other rests. ( c ) Standard Teats i n Mnriketry Regulations, and NO& t h a t can hc donc in bil1et.s. ( d ) Eow to improvise a 30 yards range i n vicinity of billets. ( e ) Simple range practices on a 30,yards rango. Flow to conduct grouping, application, rapid and snapshooting practices nnd competitions. 19. Fire Discipline. (a) Description of Tnrgets. (b) Judging distance. ( c ) Fire control. (d) Use of range finders and range 0hart.s. ( e ) Combination of fir0 and movement. 20. Machine and. Lewis Gwks. (a) Principles of employment o f ; Tactics; the Lewis .~~ Gun essentially a n bff0nSive we3 on (b)-How to fire the Lewis Gnn; and t i e dcchnnism of. 21. Co-operation of all A T ~ s . (a) I m ortance of and metbod o f : (1) within the h k A o n , (2) outside the Battalion. (b) C*opers,tion hetween Staff and R.egimenta1 Officers. 22. M a p Reading. (a)Simple scales and meaning of. ( b ) How to read a map. [Explain how i t shonld be looked upon as a book and not as a puzelo.] ( c ) Use of compass; variation o f ; ta,kiog of angles a n v e r s i o n of magnetic into tme bearings. ( d ) Setting s . map by dompnss and by other methods.

20

23. fntellioence ( a ) Service of security. (b) Information. ( c ) Prisoners of War. ( d ) Their treatment and disposal. ( e ) Air photographs.
24. Cornmumieations in Battle--Mcssages and Reports.

(a) Official letters, writing of.

(b) illemorsnda.
i c ) Minutes.

(d) Field messages, methods of writin?, Method of finding a person in the field and de ivering a message.

( e ) Verbal messnges, limitations of. ( f ) Reports, how to he written. (11) Reconnaissances, simple form of. ( h ) Trench reports. (i) Instruction in the Forward Comrnnnications of a Division in the Attack. S.S. 135, S.S. 148.
25. System of Supply (a) Ammunition. ( b ) Supplies.

26. Medical.
(a) Care of feet; standing orders on t h e subject. (b) F i r s t aid and use of field dressings. ( c ) Evacuation of t h e wounded, general principles of

27. Gas and Smoke. Use of protectors. tion of attack.

28. Awest.

Methods of dealing with. Organisa-

. __. . .

Sentence) Act, 1915.

29. Physical Training.

(a) Bayonet fighting. ( b ) Obstacle wurse.

30. Night Work. Bayonet fighting, Bombing, Lewis Gun firing, Musketry, Wiring, Rwetting, and tactical exercises. 31. Riding: .A11 o 5 q m will he instructed in simple equitation.

21

32. Competitions.
Camptitions for the best individual and best platoon should be held a t tho end of the course. 33. Simple Tactical Esewises-To Teach :(a) Method of conducting. ( b ) Knowredgo and corroct use ?f ground. (c) Action of patrols. (d) Method of dealing with I strong points. (e) Correct employment and moperation of Infantry I weapons. (f) Writing of messages. ( 9 ) Communication with units on flank and in mar. (B) SYLLABUS FOR INSTRUCTION I N EQUITATION. f lessons few, probably Phe time is short and the number o 12 in all (some additional ones may be voluntarily undertaken on half-holidays) : t h e instruction, therefore, must be of t h e most e1ementm.y nnturc. 1. Rids disoiplino- .mounting a.nd dismounting-the regulation paces at t h e wnlk, t r o t and gallop, t h e turns, ac., a c . 2. Confidence on horseback. 3. Elementary care of horses. 4. Small jumps. Officers parade for equitation by platoons, which should he divided into three rides :1. Thoso who can rido. 2. Those who have ridden. 3. Those who have never ridden. The three rides proceeding simultaneously under instructors provided for under notes to provisional est8blblishment.

(C) SYLLABUS FOR INSTRUCTORS R E F R E S H E R COUH.SE. 1. Drill and habit of Command. 2. F i r e Direction and F i r e Control. 3. The attack(a) Trench S.S. 135, S.S. 143, S.S. 144. , ( b ) Open Warfare 4. Field Engineering, upkeep of trcnches, Cansolidntion of captured position(a) I n Trench System. ( b ) In Open Warfare.

22

5. Protection ; Advunce Guards-Flank G u a r d s o u t p o s t Position. 6. 'ropography. 7. Intelligence, Observation, Aeroplsnc Photograph Sccntings. 8. J n t o r c o m m u n i c s t i c u - ~ ' ~ ~ ~ Communication ~d in Battl' S.S. 135, S.S. 14S--l\lessages and Report. 9. Physical and Bayonet Training. 10. Gas Appl'lll"0oS. 11. Interior Econcmy and Discipline. . , 12. Quick solution schemes. This Course should he carried out under supervision of tl General Staff of the Army, and tuition from outside tho Scha' should be provided. 13. 'The Tnst.ructors' Yea; can be arranged as follom;meoks !hro Students' Cnurscs nnd then t e n days' leave 12 Eight Students' Courses as abovo . . . . . . . . . Refresher Caiirsc of seven days arter 2nd and 6th Courses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 ,Visit to Trenohes of sewn days nftcr 4th and 8th

aurses . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

52

The dates on which these refresher courses mill take pla' will be notified to G.H.Q. 14 days in advance t o enable arrnng mcnts to be m a d e for Instructors from Scboolr in England a1 Base Training Camps iu Franco t o attend when possible. 14. Frequcut interchauge of Instructors betwwn Schools i a c m e and in France will toke place.

23
AL) Detail.
otd.

Commandant (Colonel) Chief Inatr. (Lt.-Col.) Adjt. (Capt. or Lieut.) Acting Quartormaster... For pay, mesaing, ioatitutes .4c.
Medico\ Officer... Aast. Inrtriictors for Offioers (Captains). Asst. Instructors for N.C.0.a (Captains).
1

I I
1

I
1

...

7 7
1 1

SergeanLMajor ... Qusrtormaster-Sergeant

A s s t . Instructors (N.C.0.s).

I4

Physical and Bayonet Fightin Instructors Payscrgennt

clerk8

sergeant 6O"k lfilitary Police . . . . . . . Orderly Roam Sergeant

... .;.

a
1 1

... (dunrtcrmastois stores Cyoli~t Orderlies ...

Telephone Opcrntors
Blesses R.E. Uutios . . . . . . General Duties ... Medical Officer's Ord& Batmen . . . . . . . . .
Grooms

...... .........
.........
.........

3 1 3 3

7b
14 50
1

N.C.0.s for Servants, Immaturos, &c.;&c.

2; 1

______
TOTAL (oaduding at
tached).
ATTACHED

222
1 -

I cycles

I chargor8

A.S.O.

- Dri&

TOTAL SCHOOL

(in;lludmg sttached.)

...
Tramport.

225

1. Motor Car. 2. Motor 'Bussos (from A m y 'Bus Section). 3. Lorries (from Army Auxiliary M.T. Co.).

24
- Notes. l.-(a) Includes an Instructor in Bombing and Lawis Guns. (b) Includes 1 Corporal. (c To receive 6d. a day extra-duty pay. Includes 1. shorthand-writer. (e) Includes 1 Corporal. (I) Includes 3 N.C.O.s, and provides for Afessss for Instructors, Students and Qeneral Duties; includes Cwka. Central Dining Halls will be eiected, when theso numbers will be reduced t0:3 in 50 for N.C.0.a and mcns Messes. 6 in 50 for 05cers Messes. ncludes 2 N.C.0.s and 1 Storeman. ) For Csnteen, Sanitary dutics, -Postal work, $0. Includes 5 N.C.0.a. (j) For the use of O6icers an tho Instructional Estab lishment. Rank and file mill be P . U and T.U. men.

(4

2. Scrvants of Student Officer8 will perform the fallowing R.E. Constrnetions, assist in duties :-Demonstrations, Offioers Messes. If possible, immstures t o the number of 200 will be stationed at Schools t o assist in all field duties; in which ease the number of N.C.0.s and men will be reduced to 2 N.C.0.a s n d 20 men. A proportion of 1 in 10 should he N.C.0.s. Students will he grouped into Platoons and Sectiane for purposes of instruction. The Military Police arrangements for the Billeting area will be made by the A.P.M. of t h e Army; t h e 1 Corporal and 2 men are allowed for duties in connection with the School alone. . For Equitation, whenever possible, a troop should he supplied from the Cavalry Division which is a5liate.d t o the Army. This troop should be 30 strong and be commanded by an Officer with Riding School experience. A Band should be provided by each Division in the Army in turn for a week a t a time. <

25
APPENDIX

11.

C.0.s COURSES AT AN ARMY INFANTRY SCHOOL.

(A) OBJECTS. 1. To get t h e Commanding Officers interested in t h e School nnd enlist their sympathies and invite their suggestions to nny particular form of training most required. The system of teaching a t t h e School will bo vary carefully demonstrated and discussed. 2. To give a n opportunity for t h e General Staff of the Army and of the Corps to become acquainted with Commanding Officers and their difficulties and ideas, and vice v e ~ s a . 3 . To assist Commanding Officers in any technienl points in which they may nood instruction, e.g., Operation Orders, rapid framing of orders. In a six days coume four schemes can ensil,y he carried out. 4. To promote t h a t co-operation between all arms which is every day becoming more essential on the battlefield. 5. To assist Commanding OBicers by means of suggestion nnd discussion of the methods of training and latest methods of attack, &c., $ 0 . 6. Commanding Officers, having any outstanding points or lessons learnt from recent frghting, should hand i n a short w81Lmd of thcso ti arrival a t t h e School. - 7. A series of addressas will he delivercd by Officers of t h e Instructional Staff of the School and others on suhjeots of specid interest t o Cammmding Officers. These addresses NiP be followed by discuuions, and it is hoped by these means t h a t much valuable ,information may be obtained from those attending t h e course. 8. Visits t o t h e Base Training Camps ill, if passible, he arranged.

(B) ARRANQEMENTS.
1. Arrangements for C.O.8 COllTSeS should.ho made hy Army Commanders. 2. Not more than t N O courses should as s rule he held consecutively. 3. The courses should be conducted h selectcd infantry brigadiers or B.G.G.S.s i n turn, with a cS.O.1.t o assist for h d f each course. A represantative of the A.G. and Q.M.G. branch should attend and hold discussions whep considered necessary.

26

(C) SUGGESTED SUBJXCTS FOR DISCUSSION. 1. Battalion Orqmisatioc. O.B./1919/T. datcd 4.2.17. ( a ) Points i n connection with. ( 6 ) Battalion strength and promotions as affected by n i~ w other casualties beine borne on t h e .f .. . . .r and ~ ~ ~ ~ . . strength of units. ( c ) Numbers of specialist O5cers and N.C.0.s requ&ed in a Battalion. ( d ) Duties of specialist Officers and N.C.0.s in a Battalion. (e) Numbers of employed mcn in a Battalion. 2. Base TT&in(l DepGts. 3. Schools. S.S. 162. ( a ) Organisation. ( b ) Training. ( c ) Nnrnhers of Officer and N.C.O. Instructors trained n t Schools. ( d ) Selection of officers and N.C.0.s to be trained a t
~~ ~ ~

Schoob.

4. Attack.

F.S.R., P a r t I., 'Infantry R a i n i n g , S . S . 135, S . S . 143, S.S. 144. ( a ) Trench to Trench Assault at commencement of a n offensive and st a later period. ( 6 ) I n Open Warfare. 5. Defence. F.S.R., P a r t I . , Infantry Training. ( a ) Duties of C.0.s on taking over an organised line. . (b) Dutics of C.0.s on taking over a partially orgnnised line. (e) Method of holding a line. ( d ) Distribution of Companies and Platoons. (e) Distribution of Machine Guns. ( f ) Distribution of Lewis Guns. ( 8 ) Distribution of 3-in Stokes Mortars.

6. Methods of apfijing the groat tactical princi.ples in present-dmj conditions. ( a ) Reconnaiseance. ( b ) Movement, namely, by hounds. c ) Surprise. [ d ) Pratection. ' ( e ) C w p e r a t i o n of weapons .within t h e Battalion.
7. Tactical E,mployniont of Lewis ~ m s .S . S .

ioo, S . S . 122, ' S . S . 135, Section XVII, S . S . 143. ( a ) With a P l a t m n . " (b) When grouped f a r nuy special operation by Company or Battalion Commander.

(c) Method of transportiug on the runrch.

( d ) Ammunition Supply.
8. Co-operation witlt. .Iloyd Engineem. S.S. 146, S.S. 135, S.S. 105. ( a ) Consolidation, strong points, forward 0.P.s. (b) Working parties with EX. Units. ( c ) R.E. technical assistance i n Trenches. ( d ) U.E. assistance i n training oficers and N.C.0.s in trench work Nhen out of t h e trenches.
9. Co-operation with .4rtillery., l h l d and H E ( L ~S.S. . 135, Section 111. (a) Barrages in attack mid defence, creeping and stat1onsry. ( I , ) Bombardments. (c) Destruction of enemy obstacles and trenches. ( d ) iMethuds of retaining close liaison with Artillery.

LO. Co-opemtion with Nuchine L ' m Companies. S.S. 135,

Section XVJ. Distribution in attack. (b) Distribution i a defence. (e) Barrages;
(U)

11. Co-operation with Al?- Service.

S . S . 136, Appendix B. assist it. (b) .How i t can ansist Infantry. ( c ) Rending of Aeroplane Phatogrnphs.

'

(a) How Infantry

mu

12. Co-opeatio7I with TTenCh MortaTs. 9,s. 136, Sections XX and X I . ( U ) Tactical liandling of 3 in. Stokes Gnn. (h) "asks allotted Heavy and Medium !Urench Mortars.

13. Cuvalnj. (a) What it has daue in this War. ( I ) ) Its future possibilities, and tasks i t may bo expected to perform.
14. Raid8 and Minar Operatio?is.

( a ) ObjeL%.
( b ) Value. (c) Strength.

( d ) Preparatiuns necessary. (e) Points to rnid and not t o raid. ( f ) Co-operution with K A . , R.E.,Trench Mortars an.1
Rlnchine D m s .

28
15. Battalion trainhg rluriiig long and ahmt peAod8 df rest. S.S. 152. ( a Preparation of programme. ( b ] What courses of instruction it is necessary to hold.
16. Recreational Training. S . S . 137.
17. Field GeneTal Courts-ilftwtid and Scales of Punishment.

18. Lesm11s from reccirt fighting.

,YpiTit.
U). Points to

(O.B./1782/A.)

19. How to foster d i o d e , & p i t de C O T ~ S and , the Offensive

be diiscusaed with representatives j m m G.H.Q

29

APPENDIX1 1 1 .
SCOUTING, OBSERVATION. AND S N I P I N Q SCHOOL. Number of Students. 20 Officers; 40 Other Ranks. Dwation of CoUTSe-14 Working Days. * (A) SYLLABUS. (I.) SpeciLl instruction i n the following subjects is given t o Officer Students with a view to their becoming Battalion or Brigade Intelligenoe 0fficcrs:1. Dutiee of Battalion and Brigade Intelligence Officer. , 2. N a p reading; enlarging maps; filling i n map on the ground. Making plan of trenches. Making range charts. 3. Study of aeroplonc photographe. 4. Raports (General; Artillery; Identification; Pstrol). 5. Indirect fire. Laying rifle batteries. 6. Siting 0.P.s. 7. Training observers and snipers. 8. Adjustment of telescopic sights, and apecial musketry training 'far snipers. (11.) Instruction is given t o all ranks in the f o h w i n g subjects, which are placed in order of importance. (The musketry is a test rather than instruction because the N.C.0.s and men who attend the Course are expected to, be good shots before they are sent there. A t t h e same time the instruotion given raises the standard of shooting.) 1. Practice i n scouting and patrolling by night and day. 2. Demonstration i n using cover. 3. The use of prismatic compass, with practice i n marching on a benring by day and nieht. 4. Practice in constructing 0.P.s and 'sniper's posts at night. 5. Practicein observation i n the open and in trenches, with reports. 6. Musketry. (Examination of r i a w and sights for defects;,practice i n adjusting sights; grouping test; ' a plication at ranges from 30 t o 500 yards; snapsgooting ; shooting a t nnknown ranges.) 7. Practice with sniperscopes and fixed rifle rests. Lectures a r e given a n the following subjects in addition t o practical work:. 1. Scouting nnd Patrolling. 2. Duties of Snipers; (a) i n t h e Attack; (b) in Defonce; (c) in the Trenches.

ARMY

30

3. Front Line Intelligence. 4. Use and care of telescopic sights. 5. Causes of inaccurate shooting.
6. History of sniping in-warfare.

(B) ESTABLISHXENT (PROVISIONAL).

Total.

Clrief Instructor (Xojor)

I
3

aaaiatant Instrllotors (Cagta. or Lieu&. N.C.O. Jnstrnctors Acting Q.M.5.

Artifiocr

3 (a:

...

1
1
1

...

......

Private8

Batmen

...... ......

IY

20

(a)One for Musketry. One for Telescopic sights. One formap readin and observation. ( b ) Joiner (Woodworkerf. (c) 1 Storeman, 2 range wardens, 2 soouts for observation purposes. @I) 1 Arinourer with a knowledge of telescopic eiglhs.

Notes. (i) Tho administrative dutics have been allowed for in the establishment of the Infantry Schdol. (ii) Officers batmen will assist i n Officers Messes.

31
APPENDIX IV. ARMY ARTILLERY SCHOOL. Number of Students. 60 Officers; GO N.C.0.s. Dwation of Course-One Month. . (A) SYLLABUS, 1. Traditions of the Artillery. 2. Physical Training. 3. Marching and Saluting Drill. Special attention to discipline m d tnm-aut. 4. Gun Drill (including stripping and sight testing). 5. Drill Order. 6. Riding Drill. 7. Rorssmastcrship. Minor nilments and their treatmcnt. 8. Marc11 Discipline. Discipline i n billets. 9. Construction of gun platforms, gun pits and dug-outs, and us0 of cnmouflage. 10. Repasitary and use of Tackles and Cordagea. 11. Cnre of Equipment. 12. Ammunition (including Gns and Smoke Shell). 13. Supply of Ammunition. 14. Packing of Vehicles. 16. Organisation with special reference to the Battery. 10. Interior Economy and General Duties. 17. Battery Tnctios. 18. Telephdnes and laying of telephone lines. 19. Co-oporation with Aircraft, and Infantry. 20. Map Reading and Meteorology. 21. Gonncry (indudink use of Gun and Slide Rulos). 22. Use of director. 23. Ranging and Observation of F i r e (inclnding Ranging on Lino of Obscrvntion). 24. Methods of laying out lines of fire. 25. Error of t h e day; Calibration; Registration. 26. Shooting by means of oalculations from Datum Points. 21. Reconnaissance, with special rcfcrence to Artillery. 28. Air photographs.

Schemes. Discussions. Examination. Tho following outside lectures should bc afforded, if time admits and if lecturers are available:1. Employment of Artillery. 2. I n f a n t r y Tactics.

32
3. Signals.
4. Trench Artillery. 5. Discipline. 6. Aeroplanes. 7. Work of Survey and Sound Ranging Sections. 8. ,Work of Meteorolagicsl Section. 9. A.S.C. Supplies. 10. Medical Services. 11. Anti-Aircraft Work. 12. Gas and Gas Shell. 13. Adminjstration (" A " Staff Officer). 14. General Staff ( G . S . Officer). 15. Care of pquipmcnt (I.O.M.).

93

(B)ESTABLISHMENT (PROVISIONAT.)
Detail. lornmanarnt
(Lt..COl.) idjt. rixl Qmrtermaster (C3l't"'" or Subaltern)
.cting Dattery Sgt.. Major
ilerks
iooks

Officers
I I

iotin$3llatterg Q.M.S.

........
...
2
I)

.........
......

4 do.

(i.)

icllolal Duties
l.tmeI1

5) 20 2

20 do. (ii.)
, 2 do.

.TTACnED-

28 32

moer 1natructors (Major or Captain)

(c)

'.CO. Inatructors ...

(J)
(e)

..... IediodOfficer ...

lstmen

'rderly, H.A.N.C.
atmen

...
a
1

......

(inoluding ,,ttaohud)l

TOTAL

ToTn.-(i.) Add OUC Cook for each additional 50 nll ranks. (ii.) Add 5 R. and F. for each additional 50 all ranks. (a,) Includcs one Lance Corpornl. ( b ) Includcs ono Corpornl, one Lance Corporal. (c) One officer Instructor t o every 50 all ranks under instruction. ( d ) One N.C.O. to overg 15 all ranks under instruction. (e) O n e per Officer Instructor:
11634

! !

34

Command and extra duty pay. admissible ns f01low~:Commandant ... ... .._ ... 5s. a day. Adjutant and Quartermaster ... ... 3s. a day. . Officer Instructors _.. ... 2s. a dag. N.C.0.s employed ns Instructors a t Army Artillery an Trench Mortar Schools within the establishments laid down i O.B. 944, dated l l / l O / l G , and O.B. 1810, dnted l l / l O / l G , wil be struck off t h e strength of their Units and replaced i accordance with Q.R.O. 181s; oxcept that:N.C.0.s of t h c rank of Corporal and under will retained surplus t o establishment on the promotion rolls their Units, and if recommended will be eligible for p motion i n their t u r n . (30/Artillery/6636 (A.Q. I.),) Wnrrant Officers, Class 11, cannot be employed as Instruct on the above Establishment.

_..

'

35
APPENDIXV. ARMY TRENCH MORTAR (HEAVY AND MEDIUM)

SCHOOL.

Number of Students. 8 Officers; 100 Other Ranks. Reinforcements as required. D u m t i h of Cowse-Three Weeks

orao.rs . .. .. -.
'

(B) SYLLABUS. 1. Equipnient and care of 2. Ammunition and care of. 3. Gun Drill; Setting-up Drill. 4. Principles of ranging and methods of observation; passing

5 . Construction of Emplacements; use of *round. 6. Movement over rough ground and crming into action under different mnditions. 7. Ammunition Supply. 8. Principles of tactical handling. 9. Firing. Special attention t o bo paid t u general t a m - o u t and discipline.

36

(B) ESTABLISBMENT
Detail.
Commandant

ROVISIONAI
TOW.
1

1
1
1

(Lt..Col. or Major)

Xdjutmt and Q?.-M?. (Capt. or Rubltn.)

Acting Bty.

Sergt.-Major
2
2

Acting Bty. Q.>C.S.

Clcrb fwk

.:. . . . . . .
Gun

Nnwrino and

....... R.S:.Dutics. . . . . Vuoka . . . . . . . . . ~ e m r rD l iitior ...

Batme"

'I

.20 .
2

......

ac
ATTACHED-

officer IllRtructar (Major or Capt.)

N.C.O. hidroctors (Sergt. or lower rnnk

Batmen

..... IIIedicnl OElocr ... Orderly R.A.M.C. ..

Bntmaa

1 1

.....
B

TOTAL (including altshcd

XOTE.--(~) Add 1 Cook for each additional 60 all ranks. (11) Add 5 1%. and F. for each additional 50 all ranks. be found from P.B. men. ergennt. (c) Includes 1 Lance Corporal. (d) Inoludes 1 Corporal and 1 Lance Corporal. (E) 1 Officer Instructor to every 35 all rauks under instruction. (/) 1 N.C.O. to every 20 all rank6 under instructiou. (g) 1 per O5oer Instructor. Command pay a t 3s. a day has been sanctioned for t h e :aminandant. Additional pay for O5mr Instructors a t 8s. a lay was sanctioued by War Office letter 42/Miscellaneouu/800 S.D.3.h.) of June ZOth, 1916. Any promotions t o fill the establishment mill be t o acting m k only. N.C.0.s employed as Instructors a t Army Artillery and !wench Mortar Schools within t h e establishments .laid down in ).l3./944, dated 11/10/16, ;md O.B./1810, dated 11/10/18, d l be struck off the strength of thcir Unita and replaced i n ccordance with G.R.O. 1818, except that:N.C.0.s of t h e r a n k of Corporal and under mild be rebained surplus to establishment on t h e promotion rolls of their Units, and if recommended will he eligible f o r prouotion in their turn. (3O/ArtilIery/S636. (A.G.I.).) Warrant Officer8, Class II., cannot he omployed B S tlstructors on t h e above Establishment.

98

APPEXDIX VI. ARMY SIGNAL SCHOOL. Minimum Number of Students. 20 O f f i c e r s ; 100 Othor Kanks. Uwration of Coume-Six Weeks. (A) SYLLABUS.

crohanges in use by Art.illery and Infantry. 4. B i d d i n g Poled Cable and Comic, and laying and h r p ing cable lines. Organisation, mahtenanW, imrl tcstin ef lines and buried routes. Jointing of various types of cabk. 5 . Lending into and fitting up of small offices. Wiring of test points and dug-outs. 6. Power buzzers and listening sets--First Prinoiples of Wireless. 7. U60 of Codes and &de Calls. 5. Speoial instruction in t h e " Forward Cammuniontions of B Division in the Attack." S.S. 135, Section XI., S.S. 148. 9. Schemes t o combine all methods of wmmuniontion, indudinit rnnners, visual, telegraph, telephone, wireless, and
p w e v -hoz7~r.

.~
~

L~

NoTe.-Tbe standard of signalling knowlodge of students nttcnding the schoal ahould, if possible, bo as follows:Znstwctors' Class. Officers.-The stsndafd of 2nd Class Signaller, in 80 f a r a s manipulation and reception are concerned. N.C.0.s.-The standard of 1st Class Signaller. class for Regimental S i p a l l e r r . N.C.0.a and Men.-The standard of a 2nd Class Sianaller, in so far as manipulation and reception are concerned. (F'or details of these standnrds wide T.M.S., S ection 207.)

(B) INSTHUCTIONAL ns!r,xtn,Ismmvr. I 5 Officers from Supernuiuerary Officers of the Signal Service, one of whoni should, if possible, bo a Captain an act a s Chisf Instructur. 10 N.C.0.s to be replaced in their units. This is t h e minimum uumber of Instructors which can b produced; in certain circumstances i t more within the Army, in which case will be increased pro rata.

39
APP~NDIX VII.

CORPS INFANTRY SIXTOOL.

Number of Stndents. ... Platoon Oommanders. ... Platoon Sergeants and under. Dumtion ol Coursi-One month. (A) SYLLABUS. 1.-(a) Zcade~8hip.-Its meaning and how to acquire the gift of it. (6) D$cipline.-General behaviour and conduct of Officers. Tnm-out, physical fitness, punctuality, saluting. (c) dforaZe.-Its meaning and importance. Responsibility of Officers and N.C.0.s regarding it. Patriotimn, esprit de oorps, psychology of t h e war. ( d ) Power of Comnand.-Neoessity of system o f command sn aa to ensure continuity. Bearing of Officers and N.C.0.s towards their men. (e) Organisation.-Battalion, Bvignde, Division-a chaiii of responsibility. (I) Dutiea of PZatom Commanders.-In billets, on the line of march, in t h e trenches, in t h e attnck. S.S.
BO 05cers 80 N.C.0.s

...

._.

149.
Time to be allotted, lectikre8, 6 hour.?.

a. rill.
Importance of, as a means to an end. Squad and Platoon Drill. Specid attention should be paid t o communicating d r i 3 ea a means of giving Officers and N.C.0.s confidence and a good word of command. Time to be aliotted, on the parade ground, m/ia hours. 3. The Attack. S.S. 135, S.S. 143, S.S. 144. Time to be allotted, lecture8 and demwistrations, 10-15 hows. 4. Consolidation. Tnking up a defensive line; siting of trenches by day and f f and distribution OF working parties; conuight; telling o struction of trenches. revetting; wirin siting and construetion of loop-holes; ripid iise o f e n t r e n g i n g tools; importance of patrol work. Time to be allotted, lectures and d ~ m n s t m t i o n s , 10-16 houris. 5. M w k e t r y . Gnre of arms; rapid loading with dummies; aiming; firing positions generally;. conduct of simple range practices; on R 30 yards m n g e ; rnnge discipline; fire discipline and. fire eontrol; description of targets; judging diatancas, and landscape targate; combination of fir0 and movement; revolver shooting.

40

Time t o be allotted, lectures and demonstmtionr, 10-12 hour: 6. Lewis &ns. Principles and employment of, and how to fire Lewis guns. Time t o be allotted, lectures and,demonstrations, 4-6 hours.
7. Co-operation of different a m s .

.,

Within t h e Battalion (rifle, bayonet, 'bombs, riEe bombi Lewis guns); ortsido t h e Battalion (machine guns, Sbkt ,mortar< trepch mortars, artillery, aircraft). Time to be allotted, lectures, 3-4 hours
8., M a p reading and study of grownd. Simple scales and meaning o f ; how to read a m a p ; use compass (variation of, taking of angles) ; !wrdinstes; settin a m a p by compass and other methods; simple sketching; n i

photogmphs. Time to be allotted, lectures m d o n the gTound, 1215 hmw,

9. Messages and Reports. Field messages, methods of writing; verbal messages, limitr tions of; reports, how to bo written; reconnaissances, simp1 form of. Forward Inter-communication i n Battle. ( 8 3 . 148

Time to be allotted, lectwre, 1-2 haws. Note.-This will also come under Tactical Schemes.

10. System of Supply.

Ammunition, Supplies, Quartermaster's duties. !Pime to be allotted, lectwre, 1-2 huwa.

11. Snnitation and Medical. In trenohes, billets, bivouacs, line of march; care of feet erst aid and use of field dressings; general principles c
evacuation of wounded. Time to be allotted, lectures, 2 houn.

la.

Use of protectors, methods

Gaa and Smoke. S.S. 534

of dealing with.

Time t o be allotted, lecture and demonatmtions, 2 3 hours. 13. Physical Training. Rscreational tmining. 8,s. 137. Bayonet fighting ; obstacl
course.

Time t o be allotted, on the g r d , 8-10 hours 14. Militmy Law. Rules for arrest; telling off and disposal of prisoners; crime
and punishments on active service. Time to be allotted, lecture, l-Z,hours.

41

15. Riding.

. .

This should be treated rakher as a recrcation than as a part of t h e course, and should not be counted in the Forking hours t t h e expense of more important subjects. Time to be allotted, 21-24 hours.
6. Tmtical Schemes. S.S. 143. These should be very simple and should not extend over lore thau 3 or, a t t h e outside, 4 hours. l'hcy should be made D include as many situations as possible in which a Platoon r Company Commander may find himself placed i n action or ,hen on patrul, and a r e intended to teach young O5cers and r.C.0.s t h e tactical nse of ground, handling of troops, a.nd he arrival instinctively ah a quick deciliiou wheu fwed with II unforeseen situation. They should not iuvolve more ~ r i i + ng than is necessitated by simple orders to suliordinates and implo reports to superiora. Time to be a l b t t e d , om the ~ T W A ~ 30-36 , hourri. Iu addition to the above, thoro may he lectures on special ubjects by o u t d o lecturera, an arranged by Corps. No work should be dona on Sundays, and thero should be ialf-holidnys, if i t can be wr;mged, from 2 to 6 p.m. U Wednesdays and Saturdays for reareation. ' This should llom of about 152 working hours during t h e c011rse.

42
(B) ESTABLISHMENT (PROVISIONAL)

.'uta1

W.0.a.

s./sgt
and
sgts.

Nodical

Ad'utnnt (Capt. or Aut.). Acting Quarte'maslcr...

Offioer
md

1 1 1

1 I

:
. I

Orderly. Asst. Instructors for 4 offioers (Capt*.). Asat.. Instmoton For 3 N.C.0.s (Subslterns). Acting Sergt.-Najor ... Acting QnnrtermasterAs%f$trwtom (N.C.0.a) Physical and Bayonet Piphtin Illbtruckm Sargeaut &ok ....... Military Police ... Orderly Room Sergenol' Clorks . . . . . . . . .
Telephone Opsrotnrs ... Ilusrtermaster's Stores

a
1

7
od.
1 1
1
il 4

R.N. D&s .._ _.. 1 General Duties . . . . . . Rntmen . . . . . . . . .

Groom

Cycliat Orderlieg NUSeil

... ......

..........

TOTAL (excluding attached ATFACHEm-Drivers, A.S.C.

13

TOTAL SCHOOL ... 13 (inohding attsohed) I

Transpovt (provided fFom Armv Resources)

2 G.S. Wagone. 1 G.S.Limbered Wagon.

40

Notes.

1.-(0)
(c)

Attached from Field Ambulance.

(b) Includes 1 Corporal.

To receive 6d. a day extra duty pay. (d) Includes 1 Corporal. (e) Includes 8 N.C.O.s, and provides, for Messes for Instructors, Students and General Duties; includes Cooks. Central Dining Halls will be ereoted, when ' these numbers will be rednced to:3 in 50 for N.C.0.s and men's Messes. G in 50 for OfBcers' hlwses. 1 N.C.O. and 1 Storeman. canteen, sanitary dntiea, postal work, dto., includes 3 N.C.O.6. (h) Foi. the use of oEcers on the Instructional Eitabliahment. Rank and file will be P.U. and T.U. men. (8)

(1) 'Includes

p r

2.-lJse will be made of troops resting i n the Corps Area for demonstratiom and R . E . constructions. Servants of Stndent Officers will assist i n 05ceni' Mess-, and i n additinn, when thero n.re no troops resting i n t h e arc& who can be made available, will be used for pnrposcs of demonstrations and 1E.19. constructions. Students will be grouped into Platoons and Sections for purposes of instruction. The Military Police arrangements for, the billeting area will he made by the A.P.M. of the Corps; t h e 1Corporal and 2 men are allowed for duties in connection with the School alone. For equitation, 26 horses with a due proportion of grooms should be provided, either from t h e Corps Cavalry Regiment or, whenover possible, from Infantry Battalions. The Corps Cavalry Regiment Bhould provido nn officer with riding school experience, if possible. 3.-Refresher courses and visits to t h e trenches. for Instructors a t Corps Schools will take place on a similar alternating system to t h a t for Instructors a t Army School. (Appendix I. (C) ). Instructors will be granted 10 days' lenvo after 3 consecutive Courses.

AppENnIx VIII, CORPS BOMBING AND 3-in. STOKES MORTAR SCHOOL. Number of Students. Bombing-6 Officers: 72 Other Ranke. 3-in. Stokes Mortare-6 0 5 c e r s ; 16 Other Ranks. Reinforcements for 3-in.. Stokes Mortar Batteries , a s required. Dumtion of Oowxe--12 Working Days. (A) SYLLAEIUS. 1. Description and use of all kinds of bombs. flares, Very lights, and light signals, including enemy bombs.
2. Description and use of all kinds of rifle bombs, including enemy, bombs.
8 . Organisation and tactics of Bombing and Rille Bombing Sections in t h e attack and defence, i n conjunction with' other weapons. 4. 3-in. Stokes Mortars. Eqoiprncnt; ammunition, care o f ; g u n drill; ranging nnd methods of observation; psssing orders; use of ground in the attack, and coming.into actmn i n varying circumstances ; construction of emplacemente i n the defence ; ammunition supply; firing.

5 . Tactics of 3-in. Stokos Mortnr i n t h e attack, and defence i o conjunction with other weapon^.
6. Experimental work and application of n e v methods.

7. Uniformity of doctrine and tactics

3. Turn-out and discipline.

9. Sotting-up drill.

10. organisation and Interior Economy of a 3-in. Stokes Mortnr Battery.

45

(B) IBTABLISHMENT (PROVISIONAL).

(a) 2 Storemen, 6 Range duties. ( b ) Officers' Batmen will assist i n Officers' Messes.

~'ote.-Ad~~~inistrntiva ;littics have becl, 'nllorved Cor ill establivliiiient of tho Uorps Infantry School.

ill0

40
APPENDIX

Ix.

CORPS LEWIS GUN SCHOOL. Number of Students. 6 00icers; 72 N.C.0.s. Dimtion of Course-12 Working Days. (A) SYLLABUS. 1. The mechnnism and charaotcristics of t h e Lewis Gun, including stripping, fitoppsges, and the usc of vsrions descriptians of mountings." 2. Training and drill of Lewis Gunners, allacntion of duties in a Lewis Gun Section and organisation of Lewis Guns in a Compnny nnd a Battalion. Attention should be paid to range discipline. 3. Tactics of Lewis &ins in(a) The Attack. (b) The Defence. 4. Tnctics of the other nrms and how Levis Guns coaperate with them, including t h e use of ground, t h e use of scouts, nll descriptions of offensive and defensive action. To be exemplified by tactical schemes worked out on the ground. 6. Map reading, including the fixing of M-ordinates and field sketching. 6. Classes in Anti-Aircraft Gunnery mill also be held na requilired.

* Only snfficient mechanism stoppages and drill ahauld be tnught to enslire t h a t students know hom to instruct in these suh~ects.

Detail.
Chief Instriistur (Capt.)
1 1

I
9
0

Asst. Instructbrrs (SUblt"".)

AIBt. Instrllotora

(N.C.0.s)
1
(CliLS6

Ad:. Qusriermnatcr sergt.

Privates
Bst",e"

2)

I
7

.... I ......
"'

i ( 0 )

TOTAL SCHOOL (isdoding attached)

10

I---!--j 10
I

24

IOLewis

~Lins-6 for firing, 4

rdr stripping,
..

(&))'1 Storeman, 6 rango duties.

',
.Notes.

(i) Admiuistrntive duties have heen ~;dlomed for . i n the estiiblislimsnt OF the Corps Infantry S.chool. (ii) Officers' Batmen Nil1 .assist in the Officers'. Messes.

..

48

APPENDIXX.

CORPS SIGNAL SCHOOL. Minimum Number of Students. 40 O5cers; 40 Other Ran+. .. Duration o/ Cou~sE-6 Weeks. (A) SYLLABUS. 1. All subjects contained i n T.M.S., including Semaphore. 2. F i r s t principles of Electricity and Magnetism. 3. All forms of Telegraph and Telephone instruments and sxchanges i n u68 by Artillery and Infantry. 4. Build& Poled Cable and Comic, and h y i n g and bur iug eahle lines. fkganisation, maintenance, and testing of {ues and buried routes. Jointing of various types of cable. 5 . Leading into and fiting u p of small offices. Miring of tes% points and dug-outx 6. Poaor buzzers, and listening s o t b . F i r s t Principles of Wireless. 7. Use of Codes and Code Calls. 8. Special instruction in t h e (Pormard Communication of it Division in the Attack, S.S. 148. 9. Schemes to oombine all methods of communication, inolnding runners, visual, telegraph, telephone, wireless, and power huzzcr. NoTE.-The standard of signalling kuomledge of students attending the School should be, if possible, as follon,s:Instructors

Class.

OIlicers.-The standard of 2nd Class Signaller, in so for as mani ulation and reception a r e ooncerued. N.C.0.a.-%he standard of 1st $h Signaller.
~.

.,~

(B) INSTltUCTIONAL ESTABLISHMENT.

1 Oficer from Supernunlerary Ot6cers of the Signal Service. 4 N.C.0.s to be replaced i n their units. This is t h e minimum number of Instructors which o m be produced; in oertaiu circumstances i t may be possible to find more within tho Carps, in which case the number of Mudents will be increased pro lata.

49

APPENDIX XI.
CAVALILY DlVlSIONAL SCHOOL. SYIJJABUS.
1. The art o j Cornmmd.

( a Its meaning. HOW to acquire i t , . ( c ) Systcu~, i o ensure continuity. (d) Issuc of ordere, written and v d b a l . 2. Discipline and Movale. ( a ) Their meaning and importance. (a) Responsibility of Ofticeru. ( c ) Esprit $0 Corps, it6 4 d e r a s well as regiuieut.al menulug. ( d ) Turn out and smartness. 3. Organisation of a Spuadruw (a) Its composition. ( b ) Training of Specialists. (c) Detail of all ranks t o spcifio duties in billets a d in the field. ( d ) Living aud working ss well as fighting by units. i. G f e in Billets. How t o care for mcn a'nd Iiurscs, aurl get the bcst out of both. Men are men, pot military machinos; they require nmusemont as well as work. 5. Drill. (a The object and value of drill. ( b ] Its importance t o obtain cohesion, a d as a u a n , of discinline. ( c ) A mea& of practising various formations requircd i n the field, thus gaining elasticity.

( a ) A t the halt. 1. Protection of billets. 2. Outposts. ( b ) Ou ihe move. 1. Advanced guards. 2. Rearguard.% 3 . Flankguarda. (H) Reconnaissance. 1. Employment of Scouts. 2. Reconnoitring patrols; P n S. Reconnoitring detachments.

employ 05cers.

B. Yacties-wntinued. (It) llecun,i~issaacccontinued.

4. Reoonnsiseanoe in conjunotion with aircraft, 5. Trsiisluissiun of infurination. 6. Ilesmges and repurls. (a) CO-o eration. I . &-operation ilupossi~a withuut cuustant ow of informstion upvards, downwards: and laterally. 2. Responsibility for inter-ccmmunientiun. 3 . With artilleiy nucl machine guns. (U) Offensive Actioii. l..Cumbinstion of fire and inouetueut; full use of . mobility. 2. Uaes of, and upporiunities for slruoh- actiou. 3. Charaatcristics uf Cav;i,lry firc action. 4. Establishin& 3 1 1 d cstrding, a 1bridg:c head. 5 . Wood lighting.
(e) Defensive Action.

- 1. Seizing and holding a poaitioo.

(Y)

2, Use of mobility iu aotive dcfence. , B i n p l o p c m t of Machine C W ~ w Y> d A~t~tuniutir; IZifEes

In-

l..Attaok. 2 . Dcfence. (0) Pive Oomt,rol. 1. Description of targets. 2 . Judging distance. 3. F i r e orders. 4. Supply of a1rnUitio 7. M a p read.ing. Uses of compass, and problems on the map. 8. R.E.A. 1. Powers and linlitations of the 13-pounder. 2. Full use t o be made of their support. 0. R.E. (a)Demolitions, iiicluding the destruction of enemy.guns. b) Crossing of trench systcm, caunls a n d smull rivers. c) Defence of locality mhen tiwe is1. Limited. 2. Unlimited. 10. S,iLpplics. (a Ammuniticn ( b ] Snpplics. 11. Medica2. . . . . .~ . (a)First aif. ( b Evacuation of Ncnnded.
~

61
NedicaCoontinued. (c) Preservation of health in the field. ( d ) Precautions against gas. V'ete&5nJ. (a Care of horses in billets, bivouacs, and on the march: ( b l Trcstment of minor ailmenta. (c) Shoeing, including special shoeing.

Arrest.
(a Rules far srrest. (!J T e F g off and disposing of prisancrs.' ( 0 ) Crimes and punishments on Active Service. ( d ) Field General Court-Martial. ( e ) Army Act Suapension of Scntanoe, 1916. Irtellisence. ( a ) D p l i n g w i t h inlrabitnnts. l b ) Disposal uf I'risoiarri u i War.

52

APPENDIX XII. MUSKETRY.

(A) SYLLABUS 01' ,Sl?ECIAL COURSE FOR

INSTRUCTORS.

F i w t Day.
All.Studente pamde. Opening address-Necessity of Miiskctry Training, the effect of Musketry Training and t h e Standard Teste on t h e battlcs a t the COmmencemQnt of tho War. Geocral Outlinc of System of Instruction. Care of Arms. Names and functions of Principal Parts. Mechanism. ossentials only. Trigger Pressing. Method of tcaching. Judging Distance. Unit of Mensuro Firing Instruction. Standard Position, loading and unloading. Sight Setting. Aiming Position. Aiming Instruction. Aiming from a Rcst. Common Faults hnd how t o check them. ' Aceuiaoy of Aim. Visual Training. T.ccture-" E1ementsi.y Musketry Instruction."

, ,

Second Day. I,nctor+" Description of Tnrgote." Aiming Instruction. Testing. Triangle of error. Mutual Iastrnction.' Firing Instruction. Prone'position. Aiminq and firing. Mutual Instruction. Trigger Pressing. Practice i n Snapping. Judging .Distance. Appearance of men 200 to 600 yarda. Description of Tnrgote. Practice. Demonatration. Muscle excrckes. Practice. Lecture-'' The Theory of Rifle Fire."

Care of A r m . Examination, F i r e Discipline. First Two Stages. 'Range Practice. Grouping Teat. Correcting Faults. Mutual Instruction. Judging Distance. Practice on Men and Objects. Different Methods. Lecture7nuTth Day. Lecturo--L' Firing Point Instruction." Aiming Instruction. Aiming Off. ' Firing Instruction. Mutual Instruction. Fire Discipline. Third Stage. Range Uomonstratinn. l7inding and Correcting Elevntions. Effect of Wind a t different distance. Rnpgo Practice. Groiipiny and application, 200 yards. Lectnre--" Elevations and mind allomances."

ifth Day. Lecturo-" Musketry in Billets." Particularly nnd Y. Examination i n Elementary Instruction. Jiidging Distance Teat. Range Practice Competition.

E.T. I X.

64
Sixth Day. LectureRevision. . Siting and improving ranges. Demonstration. Fixed Rifles and Sniperscopes. Range Practice. &'Eventh DMJ. Lecture-" F i r e Control." Aiming Instruction. Firing Instruction. Teaching Rapid Aim. Tenohing Rapid loading and firing. Mutual Instruction. R.ange Praotice. Application n t various ranges. Range Demowtrntion. Rapid Fire. Snapshooting. F i r e Control. F i r e direction practice, 30 yards range. Jud ing Distance. %ethod of Conducting Standard Test of Eyesight. Lecture--" Selection and Training of Sharpshooters."
'

Eighth Day. Lecture-'' How t o Organise Competitions." Testa of Elementary Training. Aiming Instruction: Testing Rapid Aim. Firing Instruction. Testing Rapid loading. Testing Rapid firiug. Revision. Range Practice. Snapshooting and Rapid Fire. F i r e Control. Practice and Testa. Lecture--" Hints as to improvising ranges and Musketry Appliances."

_.,
56

i~

.,

1
I

Ninth Day. Lsl;tore--" The War Shut i n t.hw making." Test,s of Xlenientary Training. Aiming and Firing. Mutual Instruction. ltaqge Practice. Snapshooting and Itapid Fire Mutual Instruction. Cumpetition
Y ' O l b t h Day.

Closing Address. Examination.

(B) SUGGESTED TEN-DAY COURSE BASED ON TBE GTANDALRD TESTS. IFimt ay.
General Outline of system of instructiun. Core of Arms. Names and functions of principal parts Mechanism-Essentials only. Trigger Pressing. Met.hcd of teaching. Judging Distance. Unit o memure.

Aiming Instruction. Aiming from n rest. Common faults and how t o check them. Accuracy of aim. Visual Training.
Second Day.

Lecture-'' Elemwutarv Musket,rv Inst,rootivu." Aiming Instruction. Testin Trinn@w of erro:. MutucfInstruction. . ' Firing Instruction. Prone position. Aiming and firing. . , Mutual Instruction, Trigger Pressing. Prncticw i n snapping.

56

Second Day-oontinued.

Judging Distance. Appearance of man 200 tu 600 gards. Description of 'hrgets. Practioe. Demomtration. Muscle exercises. Practice.
2YLil.d Day.

Lectur-" Firing Point Instruction." Aiming Instroct.ion. Firing Instruction. p h i u and Testing. 1 0 s b of%lementary Trainiog. Care of Arms. Examination, F i r e Discipline. First two stages. l t a n e Ptactice Firouhing liest. Correcting faults. Mutual Instruction. Judging Distance. Practice a n men and objects. Different methods.

Fourth Day. Iiecture--" Elevstion sild Wind. Allowanwrs.'J Aiming Instruction. Aiming 05. Firin Igstruction. d i t u s l Imtruction. F i r e Discipline. Third stage. Ran e Demonstration. s i n d i n g and correcting elgvations. Effect of wind at different distanoe.
Range Practice. Grouping and application, 200 yards. Lecture-" The Standard Tests."

61

Fifth D a y . Lectkr-" Musketry .in Billets." Examination in Elsmentnry Instruction Judging Distance Test. Range Pmctice.' Competition. Rizth Day. Lecture--" Description of Targets.'' Itevisiou. Mutual Instruction. Range Practice. Seventh Day. Lecture-" Fire Cnntrol." Aiming - Instruction. Firing Instruction. Teaching rapid aim. Teaching rapid loading and firiog. Mutual Instnictian. Range Practice. Application a t various .ranges. . . R s n e Demonstration.

L p i d fire.
Snapshooting.

J u d 'og Distance. s e t h o d of oondiicting Standard Test of eyesight Judging distance.

Eighth Day. I,ecture--" Theory of Rifle Fire." Tasts of Elementary Training. Aiming Instruction. Testing rapid aim. Firing Instruction. Testing rapid loading. Testing rapid firing. Revision. Ran e practice. 8napsImoting nnc1 rnpid fire. Fire Control. Practice and tests.

68

Ninth Dny. Teste of Elementary Training.

Aiming and firing. Mutunl Instruction. Ran e Practice. . Lapshooting and rapid fire. hfntusl Instriiction. Campetition.

Tenth. Day. Examination.

59
APPENDIXXIII. TRAINING A BATTALION. (A) SUQQESTED ALLOTMENT OF TIME. 1st Week divided as foZ2ows:4 days Section, Platoon and Company Training. 1 day Battalion Training. 1 day a t disposal of Brigadier. 2nd Week divided as follows:3 days Platoon and Company Training. 2 days Battalion Training. 1 day a t disposal of Brigadier. 9rd Week divided as follows:2 days Platoon and Company Training. 2 days Battalion Training. 2 days at disposal of Brigadier. 4th Week divided as follows:According to progress2 days Company Training. 2 days Battalion Training. 2 days a t disposal of Divisional or-Brigade Commander. A'ote,-The advanta.ge of this system 01 dlotment oE tmining days is t h a t in t h e case of t h e Division boing ordered into the line a t ahort notice every Commander of every formation has had ~n opportunity of training and leading his command. Gaiding Prkciples.

1. During periods of rest and training o u t of the line, over-training is as detrimental t o morale and efficiency :IB under-training. (Chapter 11, P a r t I, para 7 ' ( a ) . )
2. During winter months no training, and during Bummer months seldom more than half a n h o d s training, should bc carried o u t before breakfast; this should never be of an oxhausting nature. Physical Trnining should never take plnce beforo breakfast. 3. Before commencing any farm of training, Instructors should have a clear idea of the subjcct or exercise to he t a u h t and an exact knowledge of t h e method of teaching it, n a m i y , erplsnntion, demonstration, practice, and, if possible, test. Interest will lapse if any exercise is practised or too lon at a time, and unless t h e Instructar shows keenness an$ enthusiasm. Refresher clnsses for Officers and N.C.0.s should always he held on the eT0IIing previous to the instruction given.

GO
4. During training hours there should be frequent breaks, say, of 10 minutes in every hour, for games, short runs, smokine. &c. I f training is progressin satisfactorily Wednesdays and Saturdays should be half-hcfidap for Competitiona and Reoreational Training. 5 . The sppjrit of Competition should be introduced into as many exercise5 RS possible. An element of sport should be introduced into training. 6. The morning's work should invariably terminnte with some form af ceremonial or steady drill, e.g., maroh past by Sections, Platoons, Companies or Column of Fours,

(B) SUGGESTACI) PROGRAMMU (SUMMNR) FOR INUIVIDUAL, SECTION, PLATOON AND COMPANY TRAINING.
1. Daily throughout tho whole period. 7.30 a.m. to 8.0 a.m.or 9.0 a.m. to 9.30 a.m.

Rattdiorr I'arde.-As strong as possible, including as men? 3s possible of Battalion Headquarters (Fighting and Administrative). Pstade on Battalion P a r a d e Ground, if possible; if ground does not admit, parado on Company Parade Grounds.
Subject.-Drill and Ceremonial. A definite progressire programme of work, e.g., from Squad Drill without amms up to Rattalion m o v e w n t s (tnfanC.? Training, 1915); for this daily parade t h e programme should be drawn up and circulated by Battalion Headqunrters. Great attention t o bc paid to steadiness, smartness, turnaut, general bearing, saluting and rifle exercises.
Uemomtr.oti,ons of goad and bad drill to be given on this 1 , Part 1, Section I, para. 6) ;these should be Parade (Chapter 1 prepared by t h e Battalion Commnander 01' some Ofhcer dele eted by him. Suggested subjects: Guard Mounting, Platoon 8rill, Rifle Exeroises, Saluting, Words o f Command, &o.

2.30 p.m. to 3.30 p.m. or 4.0 p.m. (except Wednesdays and Saturdays). Men.Lewis Gun Training. Musketry on 30-yards Range, Fire Control and Disoipline. Simple Tactical Schemes; Platoons and Sections. G a Drill.

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N . 0 . O . s (Section. Coa~mnndew and

U,nderlt.udies altevmctely)Communicating and r r Shuutiug I ' Drill. Fire Direction, Control and Discipline. TVriting Simple Messages. Simple Tactical Schemes.

4.0 p.m.

Iteweutional 2'rainiii.q (9.8. 137).-Trainiug for and carryp g out the following:Foctbnll Mstches. ( M e n not playing should be marched t o look on.) M.usk6try Cunipatiticns, terminating w i t h : L rifle inecting.
Boring Competitions. Assault Competitions. Competitiona for rnnnerq and despittch curriers. Stdking Gonipetition far L e w i s gunners and rifle Inen. iVule.-:ILach Gonipetition sliuuld bs '' rut1 " by un ufticar. ipecidly selected by Battalion Headqusiters. Band and Bathing, whenever possible.

Olrject.-'T'a

miso morale.

i30 p.m. ltcfrosliing ofticars m d N.0.O.s i n tho ncrt 11ay'~work. Confcrcnccs amongst ofioors and X.C.0.s. Short Lcctnre .by C.O. cn any pnrticulnr form of training, U' task the Battalion mav have to perform. Des%iptim of Country i n which tlie Bntt;~lion may La going a fight. Lessons from the past, Esprit de Carps. History of the Regiment. Object.-To bring all ranks together; to oreate interest; to inspire confidence; to mise m o ~ ~ l c . 2. 0.30 am. t o 1.0.11.m. for rlnys &ttarl to:(a) Indioidzral t,rwia,kng (3 t o 1 days).-Tlle training uf the individual man in thc use of rifle, bayonet, and the weapon of his Socticii (S.S. 1.43, Al~pcwlixV). Timo t o he divided into four periods, with short breaks mtwecn pcrjods for smoking atid discuasinn :Period 1.-Mnskotry. ,, 2.-Fhysioal Training and Bayonet Training. ,, 3.-Bombing, Rifle Bombing, Lewis Gun, Sniping, Patrolling, &c. (according to Section). ,, 4.-Iinst half hour. Ceremonial, march p a s t by Sections or Platoona.

(i2

(b) Section Tmining (3 to 1 days).-Special :bttention is to be paid to the allotment of N.C.0.s and men for the Rifle Geetion. It must never be forgotten t h a t the i.i0e remains t h e principal weapon. (S.S. 143, page 13 (xi.).). The training of individuals i n tho Section to work in couperation (as a toam) under the Scction Commander, as follows :All Sections.-Training iD fire discipline, fire control and the assault, i n addition t o individual instruction i n musketry and bayonet training. 4 Bifle Section.-Training in scouting and stalking, sniping, observing, patrolling. 3s a Section o r Team i n Lewis Gwn Section.-Working addition t o individual instruction. as .a Bombing and, Rifle Bombing Sections.-Working bombing or rille bombing Team i n attack or defence. Time available divided into periods as in (a). Note.-Each Seotioii should train its own Scouts, i n addition t o the Rifle Section. ( c ) Platoon Training (3 to 1 days).,-'l'he training of Sootions to work in oo-operation under tho Platoon Commander (S.S. 143). Normal 'Formation for Attack j A s u u l t practice; Battle l'atrols; Intelligence Patrols; Attack of strong points 011 Field, Firing Range, if possible; rapid wiring; training of " moppers up "; precautions against gas, and gas drill. Time available divided np into periods as in (a). (d) C O ~ ~ W Training LJ (from 3 to 1 days, according LO timo available).-The training of the Platoons and Compnny Headquarters t o be carried 011 in co-operation under thc Company Commander. A t this stage classes rejoin the Company. I n addition to subj,ecta enumerated under Platoon 'I'rsining, speoinl attention is to he paid to oo-operation amongst platoons; traiping of runners and signallers; inculcating n good aystem of allotment of tnsks for work; rallying and oonsolidntion; normal attack formation, with variations; assault practice competition ; platoon rapid wiring competitions; platoon drill competitions; platoon musketry competitions; attaok of strong points or localities by one platoon while rcmainder look on and criticise. 3. During' Individual, Section and Platoon Tmining, n su5cieucg of targets, bombs, wire, tracing tape, Rsc., must be

63
I

provided. A careful allotment of available ranges, assault courses, bombing trenches and pits and 311 necessary parahernalia must be made by Battalion Headquarters to Eompanies, so t h a t '' claahing ' I will not take place. 4. Denoast~ratio~s.-In addition to demonstrations referred t o in para 1, any demonstrations to Companies or t h e Battalion considerecl necessary should tnkc place a t 0.30 a.m., h f o r e commcncing the morning's work, or at 1.1.45 a.m. !rhe following a r e suggcsted suhjocts for dcmonstvntion :-..._^I
I.YIYI".

! !

i
j

yyy.."y

ALL"",.

m..-.,,"*:.." *Y.l.l"."...

Trench to'Trench Attaok on Field Firing Range, by a l'lat""" MoppingDUp Dcmonatration. Assault omonstration. Action of Battle Patrols. Action of Bombers in a n Attack. Formations for Night and Wood Fighting.' F i r e Direction and Contral-on Bange. Method o f Conducting R Orauping Practice n u 30 yards Range. E . Classes.-During Individual, Section sed Platoon Train1"g:-

% $ : ' ] Under Signalr Officer.

ltiinuers should be trained in map-reading, semqhore. verbal message work, t h e delivery of messages, &c. (F.S.R., .'L'art, I., Chapter 11, Section 20. It ia s ecially important t h a t nU runners should be acqnainted p i t h th:r daties nntler Section 20 (4)). Scouts T w o per Platoon m d e r Sniping Officer and Snipers Sniping ' ' N.C.0.s. The above will be exercised in Physical Tmining and Bayonet-fighting, Assanlt, and Gas Drill a t convenient times.

Stretcher Bearers Gas N.C.0.s Sanitary men

TJnder Medical, Officer as required.

G . Wednesdays and Saturdays.

Evening entertainments. Concert. Cinema. Boxing. Lecturas hy outside Lecturers or Officers retnmetl from Schools. Debates on Militnry matters. Tlantern slides showing aeroplane photographs, dtc;

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ranks : -

(C) SUGGESTED WIELD PRACTICE (BAYONET. F I G a T I N G AND MUSKETRY). I . This practice is designed to impress on t h e minds of nll

(i) the necessity for the ready iise of riEes; (ii) the co-operation between fire and. movement; (iii) the co-aperntiun betvoeii t h e bayomt and the bullet. nnttle practice may be carried out by Sections, Platoons, Cornpnnies, or Battalions, nccording t o t h e ground a i d facilities mailable. 2. For purposes of explnnation. a Platoon is here taken 36 n n exnmple :(i) Dress-fighting dress (S.S. 136, Section XSXI); (ii) Formation-Platoon in line; (iii) The objective is pointed o u t ; (iv) The Platoon advances towsrds the . ohjcctive i n artillery formation of Sections, preceded hy scouts; (v) A surprise target appears (out of mnga UI rifle bombs). It is signallad by scouts;
(vi) The target is engngcd by rifle firs of the scouts; (vii) The target is engaged by rifle fire of the Platoon; (viii) The Platoon ndvnnces by alternate riikhes of Sections.; (ix) The target disappears; (x) A target appears (out of range of rifle bombs) sonib few minutes later on the original objectivs;

(xi) The Platoon deals with the target iu the same may; (xii) When within assaulting distanoe, the Platoon delivers t h e assault. For this purpose, if pnssilh, a bayonet-fighting course should be provided; if this is not possible, some sacks t o represent tlie enemy will suffice, b u t correct bayonet fighting m e t l i d s must be insisted on; (xiii) The objective is gnined, patrols piiihed out, sentries pasted, and cousolidatian commenced; (xiv) A surprise target is shown nnd rapid fire opened.