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mass.
To control the consistency of output from a process by
the sliver.
: 0.25 to 2.5 m
: 2.5 25 m : 25 250 m
: >250 m
OPEN-LOOP AUTOLEVELLING
A measuring sensor is provided in the region of the in
The principle of open-loop control; A, measuring sensor; B, store; C, amplifier; D, adjusting device; E, adjustment point; F, set-value input
Its used for correction of short-term variations Input material variation is measured Signal is compared to a reference signal control unit measures the difference control unit sends a signal to a draft control unit
to the deliberate changes, since the lag time of the process is avoided.
There is no feedback from the output to ensure that
CLOSED-LOOP AUTOLEVELLING
The measuring sensor is usually arranged in the
Autoleveling in carding
In modern carding machines combination of Open-
control element
Carding levelling
feed and adjustment is effected with the appropriate time delay in the main drafting zone, i.e. the extent of the change is retained in a storage device until the measured deviation arrives at the drafting point.
Detection is usually carried out mechanically (rollers
lengths.
A second advantage is the ability to measure far greater
sliver masses due to the lower in-feed speed (corresponding to the amount of draft). Recording becomes more precise.
In practice, draw frame leveling using open-loop
Autoleveler Operation
from creel.
Scanning rolls sense the heavy place before the draft zone.
CLOSE-LOOP SYSTEM:
In this system, the evenness of the sliver delivered is
adjusting point is located after the measuring point, the adjusting point in the closed-loop control system is located behind the measuring point
Control point:
The control can be exercised either in the front or back
Correction Length:
If there is a sudden deviation from the set volume as the
of a leveling device.
The current interpretation is: The correction length is the
length of the product which would be produced when leveling a rectangular deviation of the product.
The length therefore refers to an amplitude of the fault of 1%.
As they cannot be checked in the spinning mill, the quality of
the delivered sliver is usually taken as the standard of comparison, and sliver evenness can be determined by any evenness tester.
TESTING OF AUTOLEVELLER:
Two important parameters for quality leveling are
Leveling action point (LAP time of correction) Leveling intensity (LI)
Wrapping of the delivered sliver should be checked with "n", "n+1", "n-1" sliver at the feeding side.
another 100 m with one extra sliver ( i.e. 7). This will simulate
LAP timing
the correction point should be known and correction should be done at the right time.
Levelling action point depends upon
break draft
main draft
cN/tex);
fewer yarn imperfections (IPI and Classimat); improving the efficiency of roving frame and spinning machine by
weaving;
even appearance of the finished cloth; reducing the cost for claims by eliminating a remarkable
number of faults.
pieces of
20 mm in the case of sliver and
size.
Use of excessive soft waste in the mixing Malfunctioning of the length measuring motion Cage choked with dust and dirt on their surface Ineffective working of feed regulating motion.
same mixing
8. Obstruction in the movement of aprons during doffing
in modern cards.
9. Bent/damaged back and front plates.
10. Difference in drafts between cards
comber sliver could have a detrimental effect on the yarn count variation.
Norms for comber sliver U% are
Rating Sliver Hank 0.12 to 0.16 Good Average Poor 3.0 3.5 4.0 > 0.16 3.5 4.0 4.5
nipper.
3. Unicomb choked with seed coats or immature cotton.
Good
Average
2.0
2.5
2.5
3.0
Poor
3.0
3.5
Breaker
5% AFIS Length
Finisher
5% AFIS Length + 2
5% AFIS Length + 6
as the fibre properties of raw material, type of draw frame, first or second passage etc.
Draw frame passage
Breaker Finisher
Carded count
1.7 1.3
Combed count
1.3 1.3
Man-made fibres
1.7 1.3
Upto 24s
24s 36s Above 36s Man-made fibres
0.96 0.97
0.98 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.00 1.02
Trumpet size:
Use of a proper trumpet size helps to obtain a sliver of
3.0
3.0 3.5 3.5
2.5
2.5 3.0 3.5
Machinery condition:
The mechanical condition of the draw frame is also an
ROVING U%:
Under normal working conditions, roving process
Poor
4.5
4.8
term variation in yarn which is mainly responsible for end breaks in ring spinning.
Simplex machine should be checked once in 15 days for
12 to 15 mm.
For two zone drafting Effective length + 8 to 10 mm
69s
12.0
15.0
Break draft has to maintained in the range of 1.08 to 1.3 for satisfactory performance
Hank of sliver
(Ne) 0.09 0.12
Hank of roving
(Ne) 0.5 1.0 1.1 1.6 1.7 2.5
Size of floating
condenser (mm) 11 18 9 16 7.5 14 11 16 9 14 7.5 11 9 -14 7.5 11
Size of spacer
(mm) 69 5.5 8 57 69 5.5 8 57 5.5 8 5.5 8
0.121 0.14
0.141 0.17
1.7 3.0
0.171 0.2 1.0 1.6 1.7 3.0
69
69 6 7.5
57
57 5-7
uneven yarn because the materials are being stretched in loose state and without any guidance.
Irregularity of roving will increase by 2 to 2.5 U%.
Yarn U%:
1. Roller settings
In order to avoid the creation of drafting waves and to
adopted.
unevenness of yarn.
Top roller pressure of 18 kgs improves the U% and
Pressure (kg) 16 - 18 10 12
Back line
12 14
3. Draft distribution
The total draft and break draft employed in spinning
in the roving.
While using higher break draft, the back zone settings
4. Apron spacing
Cradle opening contributes to the tune of 60 to 80%
5. Roving twist
There is a high degree of interaction between apron
yarn irregularity.
Too close setting will leads to un drafting. So we have
to increase the break draft / reducing the twist level in the input roving,
INDEX OF IRREGULARITY
The most uniform strand of material which our present
machinery can produce is one which the fibre ends are laid in a random order in the sliver, roving and yarn this is an ideal yarn
Even this ideal strand would have some irregularity in the
structure.
Thus, for a particular type of fibre and count of yarn, there
is an irregularity limit which cannot be improved upon by the present machinery limiting irregularity.
Index of irregularity I = CV
CV lim
CV = actual measured irregularity CV lim = calculated limit irregularity
= 100 (Tf / T)
(n)
The higher the number of fibres, the lower the
irregularity.
Fine fibres produce a more regular yarn for a given
Coarse
Fine
Fibre Fineness
The evenness can be lowered by using fine fibers. The theoretical background is Martindales formula:
CV(Lim) = 100/ n
CVlim = Limit irregularity n = Number of fibers in the cross-section C
80
Limit irregularity
b a
100
Irregularity Index is the ratio between the evenness values obtained under practical condition and limit irregularity.
Finer the fibre, more number of fibres in the cross section and lesser limit irregularity
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