TIE 030 Reading and Writing NS Unit 9: Using Subordinators and Transitions

Directions: 1. Certain words act as signals to introduce points of comparison or contrast. Read and analyze the paragraph and answer the questions with your partner. Lucy faces many changes upon her arrival in New York City. First she is struck with the change in climate. Antigua is warm and the sun is brilliant while New York in January is very cold and the sun is lifeless. Her living conditions are different, too. In New York she lives in an apartment building. In contrast, she lived in a house in her native country. In addition, she now eats food that has just been taken from the refrigerator whereas she always ate her grandmothers freshly cooked meals in her homeland. Other aspects of her life remain the same. Lucy faces many different problems and issues in New York in the same way she did in Antigua. She has learned that she cannot leave her troubles behind like clothes she has outgrown. 2. Look at the boldfaced words. Which words introduce ideas that are similar? Which words introduce ideas that are different? Check the appropriate box. Then write what two ideas are compared (described as similar) or contrasted (described as different) introduces similar ideas while in contrast Whereas in the same way 3. What are the four general topics (categories) that are being compared and contrasted in this paragraph: 1. 2. 3. 4. introduces different ideas What two ideas are being compared or contrasted?

Using Subordinators and Transitions

point out ideas that are similar

COMPARISONS

point out ideas that are different

CONTRASTS

COMPARISON SUBORDINATORS

compare and contrast the ideas in two clauses join the independent clause to the dependent clause being compared or contrasted

CONTRAST SUBORDINATORS

JUST AS AS
introduce a dependent clause (not a complete thoughts) join a dependent clause an INDEPENDENT CLAUSE

WHILE WHEREAS

INDEPENDENT CLAUSES GET MORE EMPHASIS AND USUALLY SAY WHAT THE WRITER THINKS IS THE MOST IMPORTANT IDEA. January in Australia is hot and sunny while the weather in Chicago at the beginning of the year is cold and snowy. More emphasis: ______________________ Less emphasis: ___________________________ Whereas _________________________________________, _____________________________. More emphasis: January in Australia is hot. Less emphasis: January in Chicago is cold. Commas: follow subordinant clause rules!

COMPARISONS
point out ideas that are similar

CONTRASTS
point out ideas that are different

COMPARISON TRANSITIONS

show the connections between two independent clauses (two sentences)

CONTRAST TRANSITIONS

SIMILARLY, LIKEWISE, IN THE SAME WAY,

HOWEVER, IN CONTRAST, ON THE OTHER HAND,

Independent Clause 1 + Comparison Transition + Independent Clause 2

HOW TO COMBINE TWO INDEPENDENT CLAUSES USING THESE TRANSITION WORDS Two independent clauses: My parents cook for me at home. In Chicago, I have to cook for myself. Comparison or Contrast? 1. Two separate sentences. The second sentence begins with the transition + comma. My parents cook for me at home. __________ in Chicago, I have to cook for myself. (however) 2. One complex sentence. Two independent clauses are joined by a semicolon (;). The transition word comes after the semicolon and is followed by a comma. My parents cook for me at home .

HOW TO COMBINE TWO INDEPENDENT CLAUSES USING A COMPARISON TRANSITION Two independent clauses: I cook for myself at home. In Chicago, I cook for myself. Comparison or Contrast? 3. One simple sentence using the phrase in the same way. I cook for myself in Chicago in the same way I cook for myself at home. I cook for myself in Chicago in the same way I do at home. Two independent clauses: Chicago is a beautiful in the Spring. April in Antigua is a beautiful time of year. April in Antigua is a beautiful time of year _______________________________________________.

Review: Subordinators and Transitions of Comparison/Contrast

Directions: Read the story about Paul and Barbaras hike. Circle the correct subordinator or transition to complete each sentence. Look below the paragraph for the choices for each numbered sentence.
Paul and Barbara had a difficult hiking trip. They forgot to pack water! (1)___ they didnt have any water, they did have some juice. (2)___, they really wanted to complete their hike. By the time they had reached the top of the mountain, they had drunk all of their juice, and they were really thirsty. (3)___, they were getting hungry. So, they hiked down as fast as they could. When they got to the car, they found a new

surprise. (4)___ that they had left their food in the car, they had left their keys on the top of the mountain! Whereas neither wanted to hike back up, they had to. (5)___they were hungry and thirsty on their first round trip, this time they would be even hungrier and thirstier!

1. while 2. as 3. similarly 4. in the same way 5. just as

in contrast however on the other hand however likewise