UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICEg

NIKOLA 'l'ESLA, OF· SMILJAN LIKA, AUSTRIA-HUNGA.RY. ASSIGNOR TO THE TESLA. ELEOTRIC LIGII'r AND MANUFACTURING COMPANY, OF RA.HWA.Y, NEW JERSEY.

DYNAMO-ELE.CTRIC MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 359,74B, dated March 22,1887.

A]']llic""tiol1 file,\ JOlllml"Y H. J"~G_ 1l,,,~,,,oll December I, ISH. Surlnl Ko, 2~O.3rO. (No model.)

To (tU iohom. it may concern: I nets currents are generated iu the iron body 50

Be it known that I, NnwLA. 'l'ESLA, of Smil- of the armature which develop heat, nud conjan Lika, border country of Anstrta-Hungnry, sequently_ cause a waste of power. Owing to bave inveuted certain Improvements in Dy- the mutual action of the lines of force, the mag-

S namo-Electrlc lfnchincs, of whieh the follow- netic properties of iron, aod the speed of the

iug is a specification. different portions of tho arniatnre-eore, these 5S

Tile main objects or my i uvcntion are to in- currentsare generated principa.lJy 011 and neal' crease the effieieuey of the machine and to fa- the surface of the armature-core, diminishing cilitate and cheapen the coustrnetiou of the in strength gradually toward the center of the

10 same; and to this end my invention relates to core. 'Their quantity is under same conditions the maguetlo frame and the armature, and to proportional to the length of the iron body in 60 other features of eonstrnction, lrerel nattor more the direction i D wbich these currents are genfnUyexplained. crated. Bysubdividing the iron core eleetric-

My invention is illustrated in the accompa- ally in this direction the generation of these

IS uying' drowings, in which It"\i~nre 1 is It Iougi- currents can be reduced to a great extent, For tudinal section, and Fig, 2acl'oss-section,oftbe instance, if the length of the armature-core is 65 machine, Fig. 3 is 1~ top "jew, and Fig, 4: a side twel ve inches, and by a suitable coustruetion view, of the magnetic frame. Fig. 5 is an end the same is subdivided electrically, so that there view of the commntator-bnrs, and Fig, 6 is a are in tbegenernting direction six Inches ofiron

20 sectton of tlre shnoft aud commutator -bars. and six inches of intervening air-spaces 01' inFig. 7 is no diagram illustrating the coils of the suln.ting material, the currents will be reducer] 70 armature and the connections to l he eommn- to fifty pel' cent,

tater-plates, . As shown in the drawings, the armature is

The cores c c c c of the fleld-mngnets may be eonstrncted of thin iron disks D D D, of vari-

25 tapering in both directions, as shown, fOI' the ous diameters, fastened upon the armaturepurposes of concentrating the maguetism upon shaft in a suitable manner and arranged ne- 75

the middle of the pole-pieces, cording to tbeir sizes. so that a series of iron

The eonaeeting-frume F :rr of the fleld-uiag- bodies, iii, is formed, each of which dirninnets is in the form indicated in the side view, ishes in thickness from the center toward the

30 Fig. 4. the lower par~ being provided with the periphery, At both ends of the armature the spreading curved cast legs e e, so that the ma- inwardly-curved disks a. d,preferab1y of ' cast- 80 chine will rest firmly upon two base-burs, ,. ,._ iron, are fastened to the armature-sbaft,

Tothe lower pole, S. of the field-magnet M The armature- core being constructed as

is fastened, preferably by means of Babbitt or Shown, it will be easily seen that on those pOl'-

$5 other fusible diamagnetic material, the base tions of the armature that are the most remote

B, which is provided with bearings b for the from the axis, and where the currents are 85 armature-shaft H. Tbe base B bas a projcc- principally developed, the length of iron in tion, P, which supports the brush-holders and the geueratdug direction is only n 8013011 fmcthe regulating devices, whicu may be of any tion of tbe total length of the armature-core,

40 ordinary character, 01' may be such as S110W11 and besides this the iron body is snbdivided

in an application of like date herewith. iu the generating direction, and therefore the 90

The armature is constructed with the view Foucault currents are. greatly reduced. An-

to reduce to a miuimnm the loss of power due other cause of heating is the shifting of the

. to the transversal or Foucault currents and to poles of the armature-core, . In consequence

. 45 the change of polarity, aud also to sborten as of the subdivision of the iron in the armature much as possible tho length of the inactive and the iucrensed surface for radiation the 95

wire wound upon the armature-core, rlsk of heating is lessened.

It is well known that when the armature is The iron disks D D D ma.y be insulated 01'

revolved between the poles of the field-mag- coated with some insulatlng-pnint, a. very care-

Figs. 2 and 6, is fastened to the top plate, B, magnetism of tlie whole compound magnet is

and hooked to the lever t. . The book 0 is to- diminished. .. .

ward one side of the lever or benta little With regard to the armature g and the op- 70

sidewise, as seen in Fig. 6. By this means a eration of the lamp, the pole ",,' mar be termed

5 slight tendency is given to swingthe armature I as the "clamping" and the pole n as the Ure_

toward the pole-piece m,' of the main magnet. leasing" pole, .

.The binding. posts KK' are preferably' As the carbons burn away, the fine wire re.serewed to the base A. A manual switch, for eeives more current .and the magnetism di- 75 short-eironiting the lamp when the .cal·bons minishes in proportion. This causes the arma- . 10 are renewed, is also to be fastened to the base. ture-lever L to swing and the armatllre U to Thi$Swiich isof ordinary character, and is not descend gradually under the weight of the shown in the drawings; moving parts nntil the end P. Fig. I, strikes The. rod R is electrically connected to-the -&-Stop on the top plate, B .: The adjustment is Bo

lamp-frame by means of a :fI.exibie -conduetor such that when this takes place the"'rod R is

[5 or otherwise. The lamp-case receives a re- yet gripped securely by the jaws e e. The movable ornamental cover, II, around thesame 'further downward movement of the armature-

to inclose the parts.. lever being prevented, the arc becomes longer 'fhe electrical connections are as indicated as the carbons are consumed, and' the eom-: 85

diagrammatically ill Fig. 7. pound magnet is weakened more and more

20 The wire in the main magnet consists of t·wo until the.clamping-armature g releases the parts, !t and p'.. These -two· parts may be in hold of the grippiog-jaws ee upon the rod R, two separated coils or [n one single helix, as and the rod is allowed to drop a little, shortshown in the drawings. The part gf beiDg ening thus the arc. The floe wire now reo 90 normallv in circuit, is, with the fine wire upon celviug 18.<18 current, tlle magnetlam increases,

25 the shuDt~magnet, wound and traversed by the and the rod is clamped again and slightly current in the same dlreetion, so as to tend to raised, if necessa.ry~This clamping and reo produce similar poles, n n or 8 8, on the cor- leasing of the rod continues until the carbons responding pole-pieces of the magnets M and are consumed. In pra-ctice the feed is so sen- 95 N. The part p' is only in circuit when the sitlve that for tbe greatest part of the time the

30 lamp is cut out, and then the current being in movement ot'therod cannot be detected withthe opposite direction produces in the main out some· aetnal measnrement, During the magnet magnetism ·of the opposite polarity. normal operation of the lamp the armature-

The operation l!! as follows: At the start the lever L remains stationary, or nearly 80, in 100

carbons .are to be in contact, and the current the position shown in Fig. 1. .. . .

35 passes from the positive bindlng-post K to the Sbo~ld it arise that, owing to an Imperfec-

Jamp-frame, carbon-holder, upper and lower tion in the rod, the same and the carbons drop earbon, insulated return-wire inone of tbe too far, so as to make the arc too shortt or even side rods. and froru there through tbe part Q{ bring the carbons in contact, tben a verj amall 10$ of the wire on the main magnet to the nega- amountof current passes through tbefine wire,

40 tive binding-post. Upon the passage of the and the compound magnet becomes sufficient- .

. current the main magnet is energized and at- ly strong to act as on the start in pulling the tracts the clamping-armature g, swinging the armature-Iever-L down and separating the

clamp and gripping the rod by means of the carbons to a greater distance. 110

gripping-jaws e e. At the same time the ar- It occurs often in practice that the rod sticks

45 mature-lever Lis pulled down and the ear- in the guides. In this case the·arc reaches a bons separated. In pnlling down the arma- great length, until it finally breaks. Then the ture-lever L the main magnet js assisted by light goes out. and frequently the fine wire is

tbe sbunt-magnet N, the. latter being mag- injured, To prevent sucb an accident, I pro- [[5 netized by magnetic induction from the ·D1Bg· vide my lamp with an automatic one- out,

50.netM. . . This cut-out operates as follows: When, upon

It will be seen that the armatures Land u· a failure of tbe feed, the arc reaches a certain are practically thekeepers for the magnets M predetermined length, such an amonnt of cur-

aud N, and owing to tbis fact both magnets reut is diverted throughthe fine wire that the 120 with either one of the armatures Land 0 may polarity of tbe compound magnet it! reversed.

55 be considered as one horseshoe-magnet, which Thecla.mping-arma.tur~gis now moved against we might term a II compound magnet." The the shunt.magnet N until it strikes the releaswhole of the aoft-Iron parts m, tn', g, n', s, and tug-pole n'. As soon as the contact is estab-

L form a compound magnet. lished, the current passes from the positive 115

The carbons being separated, the fine wire blnding-post over the clamp r, armature U,

60 receives a. portion of the cnrrent.Now, the Insulated shunt-magnet, and the helix p'upou

. magnetic induction from themagnet M: is such the main magnet M to the negative binding.

9.S to produce opposite poles on the corre- post. In this case the current passes in the sponding ends of the magnet N i bnt the cur- opposite direction and changes the polarity of 130 . rent traversing the helices tends toproduce the magnet M, at the same time ma.intaining

65 similar poles on the corresponding ends of by magnetic induction in the core of shuntboth magnets, and therefore as soon as the fine magnet the required magnetism withontre" wire is traversed by sufficient cnrrent the versal of polarity, and the armature 9 remains

(No Kodel.)

N.·TESLA.

3 Sheets""":Sheet 1.

DYNAMO ELECTRIC MAOHINE.·

.No. 35917 48. Patented Mar. 22. 1887.

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DYNAMO ELECTRIC MAOHINE.

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No .. 359.7.48. Patented Mar. 22, 1887.

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