Goynes

Unearthing The Logistics of ArchiveGrid: An Evaluation of an Archival Gem Danielle Goynes Professor Jonathan Furner UCLA Graduate School of Education and Information Studies IS 438B Archival Description and Access

Goynes

Unearthing The Logistics of ArchiveGrid: An Evaluation of an Archival Gem

Abstract: OCLCs ArchiveGrid offers an archival service that allows its users to
search for archival material description and archival collections all over the world. This is done by way of creating search faculties that purview their digital database; a database hyperlinked to host institutions, repositories, research facilities, libraries, museums, archives and organizations. Users are able to access the WorldCat cataloguing record for the archival collection and based on their search results are able to navigate the subject and authority records for their inquiries. This paper will explore ArchiveGrid in its entirety from its interface, user population demographics, archival description and standards and will further raise questions about the future of ArchiveGrid including critical questions, implications and suggestions for future use.

Keywords: OCLC Research, ArchiveGrid, open access, archival description, archival content standards, provenance, respect des fonds, archival principles, archival theory, digital curation, database, digital repositories, digital collections, archival service evaluation, authority and subject records

Introduction

Goynes

"Of all our national assets, archives are the most precious; they are the gift of one generation to another and the extent of our care of them marks the extent of our civilization." These eloquent words were remarked by Arthur G. Doughty, a Dominion Archivist of the archives and records in Canada, active from 1860 to 1936. Archives are often thought of as repositories of documents with many facets of layered meaning including preservation, memory and keeping historical documents for reference, use, study, scholarship and more. With the advent of the world wide web, the cloud and digital technologies, the archival sphere has been transformed from a print, paper, tangible medium to a digital, highly connected, abstract and globally accessible one. The world of digital archives and digital collections appears to be expanding on an upwards trajectory, in large part due to partnerships and collaborations amongst archive interests groups, institutions and organizations. Of these creations is Archive Grid a collection of over two million archival material descriptions, including MARC records from WorldCat and finding aids harvested from the web (About ArchiveGrid 1). This paper will be a case study of the development of ArchiveGrid: it will explore its history as being born from a partnership, will explore its functionality/overarching purpose, its predominant user groups and audiences, advantages, disadvantages and will suggest ways of improvement to attract more archival resource users.

Research Libraries Group: Exploring The Founding of ArchiveGrid

Imagine if all of the worlds archival description notes and relevant documents such as finding aids, could be collected, assembled and organized to enable search engine optimization from a database. This is the idea behind ArchiveGrid, a collection of over three million archival material descriptions, including MARC records from WorldCat and finding aids harvested from the web (About ArchiveGrid 1). ArchiveGrids origins can be traced to its founders the RLG or the Research Libraries Group. The Research Libraries Group was a United States based library consortium, first founded as a partnership by Columbia, Yale, Harvard and the New York Public Library. Formed in 1974 the Research Libraries Group compromised of over 150 universities, independent research libraries, archives, historical

Goynes
societies museums and other institutions (Erway 1). RLG was thought to be a pioneer in

developing cooperative solutions to the acquisition, access, delivery and preservations for their member institutions as well as other organizations in the library, information science, records and archive sphere (Erway 1). During the climax of the RLG formation, the RLG provided a forum for collegial sharing of resources, costs, experience and shaping of the future (Erway 1). One of its early missions was to provides and enable membership for the organization as being open to any non-for-profit institution with an educational, cultural or scientific mission and a commitment to improving access to research materials (Erway 1). The Research Library Group was a prime example of a collaborative entity having united on tasks from digitization to creating and designing databases for their RLIN or Research Libraries Information Network, an early union catalog of over 100 million bibliographic records containing but not limited to books, journal articles, dissertations and rare materials in over 365 languages (Erway 1). As noted by RLGs 1996 Digital Initiatives, RLG closely tied to its capacity to identify and implement cooperative structures such as shared cataloguing programs, interlibrary loan pacts, records surveys, resource-sharing agreements, staff exchanges and multi-institutional preservation projects (Erway 1). Also of note was the RLGs perspective of collaboration and digitization: Conversation is well-suited to collaboration because bringing analog materials into the digital domain makes possible new kinds of access and resource sharingbenefits that extend far beyond the institution doing the conversion (Erway 2). Furthermore regarding collaboration, it appears the Research Libraries Group was ahead of the learning curve considering their view of the world wide web and how it would profoundly change the current state of accessing archival materials, as evidenced by their following excerpt on collaboration in their Digital Initiatives drafted in 1996:

Collaboration occurs within the local institution as well as in the larger community. Although recruiting project staff from across traditional departments means that staff don't always share common understandings and experiences at the outset of the project, it also means that the benefits of newly-acquired expertise and newlyforged partnerships will be realized throughout the institution, as well as across institutions, regions, and even nations. Fortunately, today's technologies bring with

Goynes
them a number of tools that actually facilitate collaboration. Tools like

teleconferencing, electronic mail, and listservs are making it much easier for project staff to coordinate work, discuss challenges, and keep each other aware of progress. RLG projects enable, staff from libraries, archives, and museums to establish models that build on their institutional strengths while furthering collective goals (Erway 2)

It is evident from these statements the Research Libraries Group placed the utmost value on collective resource sharing, digitization, collaboration, partnerships and generating ideas to support their missives. During the end of the twentieth century, another partnership would liken the mission of the RLG faction to their own and would eventually suggest a merging of the two organizations. In 2006, the same year the Research Libraries Group launched ArchiveGrid, OCLC or the Online Computer Learning Center, a consortium of library organizations spearheaded by the Ohio College Computer Learning Center, would propose the union of the two organizations. After the passage of a RLG membership vote to approve the combination of the two organizations on July 1, 2006, RLG Programs, formerly the RLG, is formed, and becomes part of the OCLC Programs and Research Division (History 1). ArchiveGrids creation was the result of previous brainchild from the Research Libraries Group. In 2004, the Research Libraries Group redesigned the RLG Archival Resources database, an organized collection of archival resource data, which included primary source materials. Part of the incentives behind the remodel was an objective of making the database more accessible, organized and resourceful for researchers by way of simplifying the search retrieval process. As a result, the RLG Archival Resources Usability Advisory Group was formed and included goals such as: advise on design principles to make sure user needs were met, advice on functional specifications including service identity, name, content and usability, help test design principles and usability with researches at the faculty/graduate student level, using a discussion guide and wireframes supplied by the RLG (RLG Archival Resources 1). The result of the remodel and redefinition was ArchiveGrid, which launched in March 2006 (RLG Archival Resources 1).

ArchiveGrid as Archival Service: Functionality and Access

Goynes
ArchiveGrid today is a collection of over nearly three million archival material

descriptions, including MARC records from WorldCat and finding aids harvested from the web (ArchiveGrid 1). The database is supported by OCLC Research as the basis for The Research Division of OCLCs experimentation, testing in text mining, data analysis and discovery system applications and interfaces while providing a foundation for collaboration and interactions with the archival community (ArchiveGrid 1). ArchiveGrid provides access, details and information to detailed archival collection descriptions for a range of forms including documents, personal papers, family histories, and other types of archival materials held by thousands of libraries, museums, historical societies and archives (ArchiveGrid 1). ArchiveGrid further provides contact information for the institutions where the collections are kept (ArchiveGrid 1). The majority of the collections are from institutions in the United States, however there are resources that are from collections worldwide including some from Europe. Archives are unique there is only one of each them and they are unified first and foremost by whomever or whatever created or generated them: a person, a corporation, a governing body (Cruikshank 1). Hence including the location and the repository where the collection is located is critical since they not only contain the collection but their archival faculty have generated descriptions or finding aids assisting in the retrieval of the document. Apparently, ArchiveGrid did not always include a link to the host institution but implemented the feature after a redesign of the website (ArchiveGrid 2). The idea of the collections being predominantly American, however, translates to the archival descriptions displaying American content standards like DACS or Describing Archive Content Standards. DACs, a content standard, is a set of cataloguing rules like other archival content standards such as AACR2, RDA and CCO (Furner). Descriptions according to DACS can be encoded and exchanged using encoding, structure, format standards using conversion output systems (Furner). These conversion systems can translate the content standards to other formats, such as markup language like HTML or bibliographic machine formats like those of MARC (Furner). ArchiveGrid was offered as an OCLC subscriptionbased delivery service until 2012 (ArchiveGrid 1). In 2012, OCLC Research released the freely-available ArchiveGrid interface, which shares some of the same attributes as the original subscription service, (ArchiveGrid 1). OCLC has dubbed ArchiveGrid a non-full

Goynes
production service, which researchers can use for the discovery of archival materials

(ArchiveGrid 1). ArchiveGrid states although it is not a full production service, researchers can expect to use it for discovery of archival materials, and archives can work with OCLC Research to have their materials represented in the aggregation in a reliable and persistent way (ArchiveGrid 1).

From the Historian to the Genealogist: Particular Groups of Users

ArchiveGrid, being essentially open access and available to anyone who has a working internet connection, offers the general community a rich archive repository database. Individuals who access ArchiveGrid can access the site via a working network connection on a laptop, personal computer, mobile phone or tablet so long as they have a working internet connection. ArchiveGrid recognizes they have a substantial set of users who access their website via mobile technologies. They use a Twitter Bootstrap front-end framework which with the Bootstrap mobile first front-end framework enables ArchiveGrid to work well on smartphones and tablets, which according to ArchiveGrid research, affects 15% of its user population base (ArchiveGrid 3). Individuals who may be most interested in ArchiveGrid include: archivists, archival related staff, scholars, researchers, historians, academics, genealogists, professors, and virtually any researcher with an interest in seeking archival record information. From a research standpoint, ArchiveGrid offers basic, essential information about archival records; this can be viewed as facilitating an efficient workflow for most researchers. Given the scope of archival record collections globally, part of ArchiveGrids niche is providing access to records, which are international on scale. Instead of accessing a collection locally, through a local catalog, or even by a statewide archival database like the Online Archive of California, ArchiveGrid is meeting the needs of researchers who are willing to seek archival resources far and wide. Although ArchiveGrid provides a wide scale, local users seeking collections locally can too use the database. In this vein, ArchiveGrid encourages a diverse subset of users from a broad range of disciplines. ArchiveGrid further expands its set of users by allowing users to access this particular website free of any fees, which the archival researcher may find beneficial and helpful.

Goynes

Aesthetics: Interface, Layout, Design and Functionality

The interface of ArchiveGrid can be viewable at a URL that is associated with WorldCats beta programs. WorldCat, as a collective database, enables a user to search records created by a large number of archives libraries from across the country and overseas (Cruikshank 2). The format for ArchiveGrid is a public website, accessible via the world-wide-web and is encoded in HTML markup language to create the interface which appears to patrons once they visit the site. ArchiveGrid consists of primarily text, hyperlinks, images, and of a search bar that allows users to access the archive repositories. ArchiveGrid links to other cataloguing records, such as WorldCat or will link to the institutions archival record item or archival databases like the Online Archive of California. When a researcher visits the homepage of ArchiveGrid they immediately view several distinct areas with specified parameters indicating a subject, topic or resource. The first of these sections on left includes a Selected Topic Section (viewable in Image 1), which provides a brief synopsis of a topic in ArchiveGrid. On the top right of ArchiveGrid includes a link for searching the ArchiveGrid digital repository. If one were to type Ballet Papers into the search bar they would obtain roughly 1,500 search results. ArchiveGrid then allows an individual to view search results by a List Form or a Summary View. As Jennifer Schaffner of OCLC Research writes: People expect to find archives and special collections on the open Web using the same techniques they use to find other things and they expect comprehensive results; invisibility of archives, manuscripts and special collections may well have more to do with the metadata we create than with the interface we build, now that we no longer control discovery the metadata that we contribute is critical in so many ways the metadata is in the interface (Schaffner 1). This paradigm particularly resonates with the design and interface of ArchiveGrid where the archival description is part, if not the majority of the interface. In this vein, interfaces can be seen as gateways to actual information themselves, not merely an aesthetic to the information.

Goynes

Image 1: ArchiveGrids homepage layout view of its interface (Source: ArchiveGrid)

ArchiveGrid: A Search with User Experience Framework

Transitioning from the layout and interface of ArchiveGrid one can focus on the search process for the actual collections. The search process is facilitated by way of the search bar which is accessible on the home page, which allows individuals to access hyperlinks and collection details. If one were to continue with the search of Ballet Papers they could click on the first link which reads: Papers, 1950-1980, Charles Patrick Girvin and the repository which in this case is the Museum of Performance and Design. One of the first hyperlinks on the search results page for this entry includes a link to the Museum of Performance and Design, which is located in San Francisco. Also notable for researchers are the hyperlinks on the right side of the screen, which appear to be controlled vocabularies for subject matter. With this particular search there are several categories including topics such as balletstudy and teaching, ballet companies, ballet companies California San Francisco, ballet dancers, genres such as photoprints, scrapbooks, people including Charles Fredrick Girvin with a birthdate of 1935, numerous groups such as the Dancers Repertory Theatre, the Royal Academy of Dance and the School of American Ballet. ArchiveGrid does not explicitly state these are controlled vocabulary access points that are perhaps in

Goynes

10

accordance with Library of Congress subject headings but does acknowledge access points for the repositories by stating: Access points in these descriptions now include more information about how to get in touch with the archival institution, they also promote links to related materials such as finding aids or digital images, since 76% of all ArchiveGrid visitors see a single archival material record page first, rather than ArchiveGrids default page, these collection pages essentially serve as the homepage for most ArchiveGrid visitors (ArchiveGrid 2).

Image 2: ArchiveGrid provides links to host institutions webpages like the Museum of Performance and Design based in San Francisco, California (Source: About the Museum 1) The what appear to be controlled vocabularies, authority files and records are more visible when one clicks the link for Summary View. Upon clicking this link, users are redirected to what appears to be akin to a sitemap of hyperlinks for the specific terms, however these terms are still extracted from the first, original search. The Library of Congress provides controlled vocabulary that researchers in the United States repositories are most likely to encounter and since its vocabulary is applied by so many different institutions, the Library of Congress makes it possible for researchers to use headings found in one repositorys catalog to search in another (Cruikshank 2). Two components of archival cataloguing are particularly important for describing collections and leading researchers to those

Goynes
collections: entries for subject headings, authors and descriptive notes (Cruikshank 2). Other elements, such as descriptions of the size of the collection in physical and chronological terms and descriptions of how the collection is organized are also helpful

11

(Cruikshank 2). The names and subjects are part of many archival authority record models (Furner 4) and thereby reflect the efforts of ArchiveGrid to adhere or develop a sense of standardization. ArchiveGrid incorporates both elemental designs, providing to be helpful for researchers of all stripes and colors. If one clicks on the hyperlink for these subjects, ArchiveGrid generates a new search link with the specific subject tab. This may be helpful for researchers who are conducting search on thematic or semantic subject matter.

Image 3: Summary View of Search Result Ballet Papers (Source: ArchiveGrid)

ArchiveGrid: Archival Description

Goynes

12

Regarding archival description, ArchiveGrid posts content of archival description for an item. The purposes of archival description include the ability to identify and explain the context and content of archival material, promote a records accessibility, create accurate and appropriate representations and organize them in accordance with predetermined models, to institute the intellectual controls necessary for reliable, authentic, meaningful and accessible descriptive records to be carried forward through time (Furner 9). When patrons click on this link they are routed directly to the website for the museum, and there is not a link to a specific record id or unique resource identifier. For this specific record, there is another hyperlink which states View the record in WorldCat as part of a Related Resources tab. Patrons can then click on the link to the WorldCat item cataloguing record. If one returns to the original homepage, still with the search term ballet papers and click on the second link entitled Papers of Artistic Director of the Ballet West Bruce Marks 19711990 they took are taken a page that allows them to see an expanded view of the search result. This entry provides a comprehensive archival description abstract, which may have been extracted from the items actual finding aid. For instance this search result contains correspondence to and from Bruce Marks, the Artistic Directory of Ballet West in Salt Lake City Utah from 1971 to 1896. According to the previous description, included in this collection is a series of related correspondence postings with the Ballet West, correspondence from a woman named Judanna Lynn, correspondence lists, memos, evaluations regarding a dance program called the NEA Dance Program, inquiries regarding available positions for composers, choreographers, teachers, information regarding the International Choreographers Competition, Aspen Institute for Humanistic Studies, the Ballet Theatre Foundation, National Ballet Achievement Fund and the New Wave Production. This entry also includes a description of the Utah Civic Ballet, an established professional ballet company formed in 1963 and its founding. ArchiveGrid links these first two search results to the WorldCat database, who in turn provide patrons with details regarding the collection. ArchiveGrid provides a brief summary of the archives description which too would be more useful for patrons as opposed to simply providing a hyperlink with out a description of the collection. ArchiveGrid provides access to many collections who have varying standards. For the resource record content standards, internationally users are prone to utilize ISAD(G), nationally DACS is used and for internal encoding/structure

Goynes
standards EAD is utilized (Furner 5). ArchiveGrid theoretically can support any archival content standard like ISAD, RAD, MAD and APPM since it links to host institutions which may follow their own standards. The benefits of standards in archival practices include consistent, appropriate, self-explanatory descriptions, effective retrieval, exchange of information about archival material, efficient sharing of authority data and integration of descriptions from different locations into a unified information system (Furner 11).

13

ArchiveGrid: Questions, Implications and Proposals

Considering user experience, when patrons first visit ArchiveGrid and attempt to do a search, they do not have to look far for the search bar. The saliency of the search bar is to be noted and is placed in a central position that allows users to access what it is they first seek when visiting ArchiveGrid; in this vein, Archive Grid deserves applause. However critical questions can be raised it analyzing ArchiveGrid holistically. ArchiveGrid appears to assume archive users may be aware of the collections and where they stem from, without clicking on the About page, users are somewhat left uninformed about ArchiveGrids database. It may be helpful if ArchiveGrid first provide a short synopsis about the search process: what will web patrons seek after their searches? What is the scope of repositories for these collections, are they local, regional, international? Is there any advice ArchiveGrid can give its users when conducting search processes, is there a controlled vocabularies at work or non-controlled vocabularies? If a brief synopsis was included somewhere on the webpage it may be useful for patrons. Another item of contention is that of ArchiveGrids links to the host institution. For instance, with the first record for ballet papers, one observes a hyperlink to the institutions home page but does not provide a link to the catalog item at the institution, which, from a researcher standpoint, may possibly be more beneficial if one is considering accessing the collection. Users are inconvenienced in this way: instead of transparently and seamlessly being linked to the collection they are seeking they in a sense undergo a re-creation of the search process, which retracts instead of facilities their search. This may be bit a bit tedious for researchers, instead of having the collection name on hand, they have to check past browsers for the collection name

Goynes
information. If ArchiveGrid were able to implement a way to perhaps link to collection

14

catalog record for the host institution, this may facilitate easier information access for the patron user. Given the rising number of information resources available, it is increasingly important for digital archives to create usable services that meet their users needs (Lack 2). If ArchiveGrid considered these proposals for improvement or perhaps conducting their own analysis of user experience, as they appear to have implemented, improving user experience methods would greatly benefit the researcher and the ArchiveGrid collective. Rosalie Lack of the California Digital Library suggests a hierarchical process which can be implemented which assists in improving user-centered design. This includes talking to your target audience and their current environment by defining their needs, behaviors, goals, creating a prototype service that meets those goals, iteratively design the service using methods that directly involve users, such as usability testing and lastly following up after release to learn if their needs have been met (Lack 2).

ArchiveGrid appears to be a useful and promising archival resource and perhaps some proposals and ideas to make the website more desirable, accessible and of greater value might add to the repository. Regarding their mission statement, ArchiveGrid states that they expect to share the results of MARC and EAD tag analysis, provide discovery system analytics for contributors, document investigations of texting mining, data visualization, participate in community working groups pursuing improvements to description and discovery (ArchiveGrid 2). ArchiveGrid at its core provides links to archival record descriptions. This in itself is useful, but it may raise the question, if ArchiveGrid is redirecting users to cataloguing databases such as WorldCat, is there a need for ArchiveGrid? Why wouldnt users search WorldCat instead? ArchiveGrid is a digital database for a specific subject set, that being of archives. WorldCat on the other hand, provides over millions of cataloguing records for all sorts of library items, which can be archival or not. In this case, ArchiveGrid is providing a more specialized search. Unlike the Online Archive of California, ArchiveGrid provides links to archival resources outside of California, therefore has more expanded search capabilities. When conducting searches on ArchiveGrid, the site works efficiently, almost consistently generating results from searches. ArchiveGrid may be able to add further value to the website if they perhaps provide information that is not

Goynes

15

accessible via the Online Archive of California. Perhaps ArchiveGrid could provide a section devoted to user experience, including user reviews, of their perceptions of the archival collections. This could be included on a separate web page and would provide an edge and perspective which other online digital archive repositories have not historically offered. As one scholar notes, computers have transformed the ways in which researchers gain access to archival material, starting with the inclusion of collection descriptions in online catalogs and moving to detailed online guides to the contents of archival collections (Cruikshank 1).

Researchers could provide information such as whether they found a collection useful or not useful, could state whether they believe the archival description was accurate or not accurate. If ArchiveGrid were be able to implement a review area like this for ArchiveGrid users, ArchiveGrid may become more valuable as theyre offering an extension of archival services that have not been historically offered.

ArchiveGrid: Archival Principles and Standards

ArchiveGrid can be considered a near prime example of a resource and organization that adheres to archival tenets, principles and standards. Perhaps the most important principle is that of respect des fonds or the principle of provenance, which as explained by archival theorist Theodore R. Schellenberg, espouses the basic principle that archives must be classified so that the organization and functions that have produced them shall be clearly reflected by them (Schellenberg 1). The first postulate of the principle of respect des founds is that records will be maintained in the organic units or fonds in which they were originally accumulated or, conversely, that they will not be regrouped by subjects in accordance with any other scheme that may devised (Schellenberg 1). Although ArchiveGrid physically does not order collections, they do provide access to the original order of the collections, as such can be thereby be considered to help support this archival tenet. According to Schellenberg, this principle serves to protect the integrity of records in the sense that their origins and the processes by which they came into existence are reflecting by their arrangement (Schellenberg 1). Furthermore, this principle makes known

Goynes
the character and significant of records, for the subject-matter contained in individual

16

documents can be fully understood only in context with their related documents; if records are arbitrarily torn from their context and rearranged under a subjective or any other arbitrary system of arrangement, their real significant as documentary evidence may be obscured or lost (Schellenberg 1). The principle provides the archivist with a workable and economical guide in arranging, describing and servicing records in his custody (Schellenberg 1). In addition to this archival arrangement standard, ArchiveGrid espouses the standards of the Society for American Archivists Core Values and Code of Ethics beautifully. Access and use, the first core value, is considered a practice whereby archivists promote and provide the widest possible accessibility of materials, consistent with any mandatory access restrictions, such as public statute, donor contract, business/institutional privacy or personal privacy and although access may be limited in some instances, archivists seek to promote open access and use when possible (SAA Core Values 2). Even individuals who do not directly use archival materials benefit indirectly from research, public programs and other forms of archival use, including the symbolic value of knowing that such records exist and be can be accessed when needed (SAA Core Values 2). ArchiveGrid further displays another core value of accountability, which is documenting institutional functions, activities, and decision-making, accountability through archival documentation assists in protecting the rights and interests consumers, shareholders, employees and citizens (SAA Core Values 3). Archivists in collecting repositories may not in all cases share the same level of responsibility for accountability, but they too maintain evidence of the actions of individuals, groups and organizations, which may be required to provide accountability for contemporary and future interests (SAA Core Values 3). The third value of that is advocacy or the promoting the use and understanding of the historical record of which archivists seek to contribute to the formation of archival policy and partake in recordkeeping to ensure their expertise is used in the public interest (SAA Core Values 3). By creating access to a multitude of collections they seek to help develop diversity by illustrating the various viewpoints of peoples in different social and economic strata. Indeed, archivists accept and courage a diversity of viewpoints on social, political and intellectual issues, as represented both in archival records (SAA Core Values 3). History, memory and preservation which

Goynes

17

allow primary sources to be examined for insight, analysis is upheld by ArchiveGrids idea of the database being a historical repository of sorts and by providing access to collections which are rich reservoirs of historical information. It is evident ArchiveGrid supports many of the core missions and values of the Society for American Archivists if not a majority of all professional archival organizations with similar value statements.

Conclusion
In conclusion, ArchiveGrid is a viable resource for those in the archive sphere and those who seeking archival records but too is organized in a way that makes it accessible to those necessarily involved with the field of archives per se. Overall, the access to the database is nearly unparalleled, being open access and a virtually free web service maintained by professionals in the OCLC organization, arguably one of the greatest pioneers in the library, information science and archive field. ArchiveGrid is an attractive resource but could perhaps become more attractive if it offered services its sister sites did not, like personal reviews of archival collections with a research framework in mind. ArchiveGrid very much supports some of the most fundamental basic archival principles and standards in a transparent way. Thomas Jefferson once wrote: Let us save what remains: not by vaults and locks which fence them from the public eye and use in consigning them to the waste of time, but by such a multiplication of copies, as shall place them beyond the reach of accident. ArchiveGrid does this: providing information and access to archival collections in an array of repositories, much for the public eye and public domain.

Goynes
Bibliography

18

"About ArchiveGrid." ArchiveGrid. OCLC, n.d. Web. 18 Mar. 2014. About. The Museum for Performance and Design. Web. 18 March 2014. "ArchiveGrid." ArchiveGrid. OCLC, n.d. Web. 18 Mar. 2014 Cruikshank, Kate et al. "How Do We Show You What We've Got? Access to Archival Collections in the Digital Age." Journal of the Association for History and Computing 8.2 (2005): 1-10. Web. 18 Mar. 2014. Erway, Ricky L. "Digital Initiatives of the Research Libraries Group." D-Lib Magazine. D-Lib Magazine, Dec. 1996. Web. 18 Mar. 2014. Furner, Jonathan. "Content Standards." UCLA Graduate School of Education and Information Studies. Los Angeles. . Address. History of the OCLC Partnership. OCLC Research. OCLC. Web. 18 March 2014Lack, Rosalie. "The Importance of User Centered Design: Exploring Findings and Methods." Journal of Archival Organization (2007). Web. 18 Mar. 2014. RLG Archival Resources Resign for ArchiveGrid. OCLC Research. OCLC. Web. 18 March 2014 "SAA Core Values Statement and Code of Ethics." Society for American Archivists. Society for American Archivists, n.d. Web. 21 Mar. 2014. Schaffner, Jennifer. "The Metadata is the Interface Better Description for Better Discovery of Archives and Special Collections, Synthesized from User Studies." OCLC. N.p., May 2009. Web. 18 Mar. 2014. Schellenberg, Theodore R. "Principles of Arrangement . Archives and Records Management Resources. National Archives and Records Administration, 1999. Web. 18 Mar. 2014.

Goynes

19