CHAPTER TWO DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS: TABULAR AND GRAPHICAL PRESENTATIONS

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. A frequency distribution is a tabular summary of data showing the a. fraction of items in several classes b. percentage of items in several classes c. relative percentage of items in several classes d. number of items in several classes Answer: d A frequency distribution is a. a tabular summary of a set of data showing the relative frequency b. a graphical form of representing data c. a tabular summary of a set of data showing the frequency of items in each of several nonoverlapping classes d. a graphical device for presenting qualitative data Answer: c A tabular summary of a set of data showing the fraction of the total number of items in several classes is a a. frequency distribution b. relative frequency distribution c. frequency d. cumulative frequency distribution Answer: b Qualitative data can be graphically represented by using a n! a. histogram b. frequency polygon c. ogive d. bar graph Answer: d #he relative frequency of a class is computed by a. dividing the midpoint of the class by the sample si$e b. dividing the frequency of the class by the midpoint c. dividing the sample si$e by the frequency of the class d. dividing the frequency of the class by the sample si$e Answer: d #he sum of frequencies for all classes will always equal a. 1 1

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3.

4.

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&hapter #wo b. the number of elements in a data set c. the number of classes d. a value between ' and 1 Answer: b

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)ifteen percent of the students in a school of *usiness Administration are ma+oring in ,conomics- 2'. in )inance- 3". in /anagement- and 3'. in Accounting. #he graphical device s! which can be used to present these data is are! a. a line graph b. only a bar graph c. only a pie chart d. both a bar graph and a pie chart Answer: d A researcher is gathering data from four geographical areas designated: 1outh 2 13 4orth 2 23 ,ast 2 33 5est 2 4. #he designated geographical regions represent a. qualitative data b. quantitative data c. label data d. either quantitative or qualitative data Answer: a A situation in which conclusions based upon aggregated crosstablulation are different from unaggregated crosstabulation is 7nown as a. wrong crosstabulation b. 1impson8s rule c. 1impson8s parado9 d. aggregated crosstabulation Answer: c A cumulative relative frequency distribution shows a. the proportion of data items with values less than or equal to the upper limit of each class b. the proportion of data items with values less than or equal to the lower limit of each class c. the percentage of data items with values less than or equal to the upper limit of each class d. the percentage of data items with values less than or equal to the lower limit of each class Answer: a :f several frequency distributions are constructed from the same data set- the distribution with the widest class width will have the a. fewest classes b. most classes c. same number of classes as the other distributions since all are constructed from the same data

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;escriptive 1tatistics: #abular and <raphical =resentations Answer: a 12. #he sum of the relative frequencies for all classes will always equal a. the sample si$e b. the number of classes c. one d. any value larger than one Answer: c #he sum of the percent frequencies for all classes will always equal a. one b. the number of classes c. the number of items in the study d. 1'' Answer: d #he most common graphical presentation of quantitative data is a a. histogram b. bar graph c. relative frequency d. pie chart Answer: a :n constructing a frequency distribution- the appro9imate class width is computed as a. largest data value > smallest data value!?number of classes b. largest data value > smallest data value!?sample si$e c. smallest data value > largest data value!?sample si$e d. largest data value?number of classes Answer: a :n constructing a frequency distribution- as the number of classes are decreasedthe class width a. decreases b. remains unchanged c. increases d. can increase or decrease depending on the data values Answer: c #he difference between the lower class limits of ad+acent classes provides the a. number of classes b. class limits c. class midpoint d. class width Answer: d

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14.

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:n a cumulative frequency distribution- the last class will always have a cumulative frequency equal to

&hapter #wo a. one b. 1''. c. the total number of elements in the data set Answer: c

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:n a cumulative relative frequency distribution- the last class will have a cumulative relative frequency equal to a. one b. $ero c. the total number of elements in the data set Answer: a :n a cumulative percent frequency distribution- the last class will have a cumulative percent frequency equal to a. one b. 1'' c. the total number of elements in the data set Answer: b ;ata that provide labels or names for categories of li7e items are 7nown as a. qualitative data b. quantitative data c. label data d. category data Answer: a A tabular method that can be used to summari$e the data on two variables simultaneously is called a. simultaneous equations b. crosstabulation c. a histogram d. an ogive Answer: b A graphical presentation of the relationship between two variables is a. an ogive b. a histogram c. either an ogive or a histogram- depending on the type of data d. a scatter diagram Answer: d A histogram is said to be s7ewed to the left if it has a a. longer tail to the right b. shorter tail to the right c. shorter tail to the left d. longer tail to the left Answer: d

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;escriptive 1tatistics: #abular and <raphical =resentations 2". 5hen a histogram has a longer tail to the right- it is said to be a. symmetrical b. s7ewed to the left c. s7ewed to the right d. none of these alternatives is correct Answer: c :n a scatter diagram- a line that provides an appro9imation of the relationship between the variables is 7nown as a. appro9imation line b. trend line c. line of $ero intercept d. line of $ero slope Answer: b

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Exhibit 2-1 #he numbers of hours wor7ed per wee7! by 4'' statistics students are shown below. Nu b!" #$ h#u"% '@ 6 1' @ 16 2' @ 26 3' @ 36 2(. &"!'u!()* 2' 0' 2'' 1''

Aefer to ,9hibit 2@1. #he class width for this distribution a. is 6 b. is 1' c. is 36- which is: the largest value minus the smallest value or 36 @ ' 2 36 d. varies from class to class Answer: b Aefer to ,9hibit 2@1. #he number of students wor7ing 16 hours or less a. is 0' b. is 1'' c. is 10' d. is 3'' Answer: b Aefer to ,9hibit 2@1. #he relative frequency of students wor7ing 6 hours or less a. is 2' b. is 1'' c. is '.6" d. '.'" Answer: d Aefer to ,9hibit 2@1. #he percentage of students wor7ing 16 hours or less is a. 2'. b. 2".

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26.

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&hapter #wo c. (". d. 0'. Answer: b

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Aefer to ,9hibit 2@1. #he cumulative relative frequency for the class of 2' @ 26 a. is 3'' b. is '.2" c. is '.(" d. is '." Answer: c Aefer to ,9hibit 2@1. #he cumulative percent frequency for the class of 3' @ 36 is a. 1''. b. (". c. "'. d. 2". Answer: a Aefer to ,9hibit 2@1. #he cumulative frequency for the class of 2' @ 26 a. is 2'' b. is 3'' c. is '.(" d. is '." Answer: b Aefer to ,9hibit 2@1. :f a cumulative frequency distribution is developed for the above data- the last class will have a cumulative frequency of a. 1'' b. 1 c. 3' @ 36 d. 4'' Answer: d Aefer to ,9hibit 2@1. #he percentage of students who wor7 at least 1' hours per wee7 is a. "'. b. ". c. 6". d. 1''. Answer: c Aefer to ,9hibit 2@1. #he midpoint of the last class is a. "' b. 34 c. 3" d. 34." Answer: d

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;escriptive 1tatistics: #abular and <raphical =resentations Exhibit 2-2 A survey of 0'' college seniors resulted in the following crosstabulation regarding their undergraduate ma+or and whether or not they plan to go to graduate school. U(+!","-+u-t! M-.#" G"-+u-t! S)h##/ Bes 4o #otal 3(. Bu%i(!%% (' 102 2"2 E(,i(!!"i(, 04 2'0 262 Oth!"% 12% 13' 2"% 20' "2' 0''

Aefer to ,9hibit 2@2. 5hat percentage of the students does not plan to go to graduate schoolC a. 20' b. "2' c. %" d. 32 Answer: c Aefer to ,9hibit 2@2. 5hat percentage of the studentsD undergraduate ma+or is engineeringC a. 262 b. "2' c. %" d. 3%." Answer: d Aefer to ,9hibit 2@2. Ef those students who are ma+oring in business- what percentage plans to go to graduate schoolC a. 2(.(0 b. 0.(" c. (' d. (2.22 Answer: a Aefer to ,9hibit 2@2. Among the students who plan to go to graduate schoolwhat percentage indicated FEtherF ma+orsC a. 1".(" b. 4" c. "4 d. 3" Answer: b

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PROBLEMS

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&hapter #wo #hirty students in the 1chool of *usiness were as7ed what their ma+ors were. #he following represents their responses / 2 /anagement3 A 2 Accounting3 , 2 ,conomics3 E 2 Ethers!. A , / / , A / / E A A A / E / / , , , / , / A / E / A A A /

a. &onstruct a frequency distribution and a bar graph. b. &onstruct a relative frequency distribution and a pie chart. Answers: M-.#" / A , E #otal a! &"!'u!()* 12 6 % 3 3'
=art a @ *ar <raph 1" )requency 1' " ' / A /a+or , E 12 6 % 3

b! R!/-ti0! &"!'u!()* '.4 '.3 '.2 '.1 1.'

=art b @ =ie chart

'.1 '.2 '.4 / A , E '.3

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A sample of "' #G viewers were as7ed- F1hould #G sponsors pull their sponsorship from programs that draw numerous viewer complaintsCF *elow are the results of the survey. B 2 Bes3 4 2 4o3 5 2 5ithout Epinion!

;escriptive 1tatistics: #abular and <raphical =resentations

4 4 B 5 4

5 B 4 5 B

4 4 B 4 4

4 4 5 5 B

B 4 4 B 4

4 4 B 5 5

4 4 5 4 B

4 B 5 5 B

B 4 4 B 4

4 4 B 5 B

a. &onstruct a frequency distribution and a bar graph. b. &onstruct a relative frequency distribution and a pie chart. Answers: a. and b. 4o Bes 5ithout Epinion #otal &"!'u!()* 24 1" 11 "' R!/-ti0! &"!'u!()* '.40 '.3' '.22 1.''

=art a @ *ar <raph 3' 2" 2' 1" 1' " ' 24 1" 11

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Bes Epinion

5ithout Epinion

=ar b @ =ie &hart

'.22 '.40 '.3 4o Bes 5ithout Epinion

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*elow you are given the e9amination scores of 2' students. "2 %3 66 (2 62 (% 0% 6" 04 00

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&hapter #wo 62 6' "0 (" %" (4 (6 "% 0' 66

a. &onstruct a frequency distribution for this data. Het the first class be "' @ "6 and draw a histogram. b. &onstruct a cumulative frequency distribution. c. &onstruct a relative frequency distribution. d. &onstruct a cumulative relative frequency distribution. Answers: a. b. Cu u/-ti0! S)#"! "' @ "6 %' @ %6 (' @ (6 0' @ 06 6' @ 66 #otal 4. &"!'u!()* 3 2 " 4 % 2' &"!'u!()* 3 " 1' 14 2' c. R!/-ti0! &"!'u!()* '.1" '.1' '.2" '.2' '.3' 1.'' d. Cu u/-ti0! R!/-ti0! &"!'u!()* '.1" '.2" '."' '.(' 1.''

#here are 0'' students in the 1chool of *usiness Administration. #here are four ma+ors in the 1chool: Accounting- )inance- /anagement- and /ar7eting. #he following shows the number of students in each ma+or. M-.#" Accounting )inance /anagement /ar7eting Nu b!" #$ Stu+!(t% 24' 1%' 32' 0'

;evelop a percent frequency distribution and construct a bar chart and a pie chart. Answer: M-.#" Accounting )inance /anagement /ar7eting P!")!(t &"!'u!()* 3'. 2'. 4'. 1'.

;escriptive 1tatistics: #abular and <raphical =resentations

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*ar &hart "'. 4'. =ercent 3'. 2'. 1'. '. Accounting )inance /anagement /ar7eting 3'. 2'. 1'. 4'.

=ie &hart

/ar7eting 1'. /anagement 4'.

Accounting 3'.

Accounting )inance /anagement /ar7eting

)inance 2'.

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Bou are given the following data on the ages of employees at a company. &onstruct a stem@and@leaf display. 2% "2 41 42 Answer: 2I% ( 3I2 2 4I' 1 "I2 3 0 % 2 " 32 44 "3 44 20 3% "" 4' 4" 42 40 3% "0 2( 32 3(

% 4 0

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#he 1A# scores of a sample of business school students and their genders are shown below. 1A# 1cores <ender )emale Hess than 2' 24 2' up to 2" 1%0 2" and more 40 #otal 24'

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&hapter #wo /ale #otal a. b. c. d. 4' %4 6% 2%4 24 (2 1%' 4''

Jow many students scored less than 2'C Jow many students were femaleC Ef the male students- how many scored 2" or moreC &ompute row percentages and comment on any relationship that may e9ist between 1A# scores and gender of the individuals. e. &ompute column percentages. Answers: a. %4 b. 24' c. 24 d. SAT S)#"!% <ender )emale /ale Hess than 2' 1'. 2". 2' up to 2" ('. %'. 2" and more 2'. 1". #otal 1''. 1''.

)rom the above percentages it can be noted that the largest percentages of both gendersD 1A# scores are in the 2' to 2" range. Jowever- ('. of females and only %'. of males have 1A# scores in this range. Also it can be noted that 1'. of femalesD 1A# scores are under 2'- whereas- 2". of malesD 1A# scores fall in this category. e.

SAT S)#"!% <ender )emale /ale #otal (. Hess than 2' 3(.". %2.". 1''. 2' up to 2" %3.%. 3%.4. 1''. 2" and more %%.(. 33.3. 1''.

)or the following observations- plot a scatter diagram and indicate what 7ind of relationship if any! e9ist between 9 and y. x 2 % 3 * ( 16 6

;escriptive 1tatistics: #abular and <raphical =resentations " 4 1( 11

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Answer: A positive relationship between 9 and y appears to e9ist. Scatter Diagram

20 15 10 5 0 0 2 4 x 6 8 y

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)or the following observations- plot a scatter diagram and indicate what 7ind of relationship if any! e9ist between 9 and y. x 0 " 3 2 1 * 4 " 6 12 14

Answer: A negative relationship between 9 and y appears to e9ist.

Scatter diagram
15 10 y 5 0 0 2 4 x 6 8 10