AUTO-MOBILE SECTOR

HISTORY OF AUTO MOBILE SECTOR=>

THE HISTORY OF THE AUTO-MOBILE BEGAINS AS REALY AS 1769 WITH THE CREATION OF STEAM ENGINED AUTO-MOBILES CAPABLE OF HUMAN TRASPORT IN 1807. FRANCOIS ISSAC DE RIVAZ DESIGNED THE FIRST CAR POWERED BY AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE RUNNING ON FUEL GAS (HYDROGEN AND OXYZEN) WHICH ALTHOUGH NOT IN ITSELF SUCCESSFUL TO THE INTRODUCTION OF THE MODERN GASOLINE OR PETROL FULED INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE IN 1885. THE YEAR 1886 IS REGARDED THE YEAR OF THE MODERN AUTOMOBILE WITH THE BENZ PATENT MOTORWAGEN BY GERMAN INVENTOR KARL BENZ. FERDINAND VERBIEST A MEMBER OF JE SUIT MISSION IN CHINA BUILT THE FIRST STEAM POWERED VEHICLE ARROUND 1672 AS A TOY FOR THE CHIENESE EMPEROR. IT WAS OF SMALL ENOUGH SCALE THAT IT COULD NOT CARRY A DRIVER BUT IT WAS QUITE POSSIBLY THE FIRST WORKING STEAM POWERED VEHICLE. STEAM POWERED SELF PROPELLED VEHICLE LARGE ENOUGH TO TRANSPORT PEOPLE AND CARGO WERE FIRST DEVISED IN THE 18TH CENTURY. THE CENTRE OF INNOVATION SHIFTED TO GREAT BRITTEN BY 1784. WILLIAM MURDOCH HAD BUILT A WORKING MODEL OF A STEAM CARRIAGE IN REDRUTH AND IN 1801. RICHARD TREVITHICK WAS RUNNING A FULL SIZED VEHICLE ON THE ROAD IN CAMBORNE. SUCH VEHICLE WERE IN VOGUE FOR A TIME AND OVER THE NEXT DECADES SUCH INNOVATION AS BRAKES MULTI SPEED TRANSMISSION AND INNOVATION OF BETTER STEERING DEVLOPED. THE FIRST AUTOMOBILE PATENT IN THE UNITED STATES WAS GRANTED TO OLIVER EVANS IN 1789. AMONG OTHER EFFORTS IN 1815 A PROFFESER AT PRAGUE POLYTECHNIC JOSEF BUZEK BUILT AN OIL FIRED STEAM CAR. WALTER HANCOCK BUILDER AND OPERATOR OF LONDON STEAM BUSES IN 1838 BUILT A FOUR SEATER STEAM PHAETON.

IN 1867 CANADIAN JEWELLER HENRY SETH TAYLOR DEMONSTRSTED HIS 4WHEELED STEAM BUGGY . THE AMERICAN GEORGE B. SELDEN FILED FOR A PATENT ON MAY 8 ,1879. HIS APPLICATION INCLUDED NOT ONLY THE ENGINE BUT IN A 4- WHELLED CAR RESULTING IN A DELAY OF 16 YEARS WAS GRANTED ON NOVEMBER 5 ,1895. KARL BENZ THE INVENTOR OF NUMEROUS CAR RELATED TECHNOLOGIES RECEIVED A GERMAN PATENT IN 1886. THE FOUR STROKE PETROL INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE THAT CONSTITUTES THE MOST PREVALENT FORM OF MODERN AUTOMOTIVE PROPULSION IS A CREATION OF NIKOLAUS OTTO. THE SIMILLER 4- STROKE DIESEL ENGINE WAS INVENTED BY RUDOLF DIESEL. IN 1828 ANYOS JEDLIK ,A HUNGARIN WHO INVENTED AN EARLY TYPE OF ELECTRIC MOTOR CREATED A TINY MODEL OF CAR POWERED BY HIS NEW MOTOR IN 1834. VERMANT BLACK SMITH THOMAS DAVENPORT THE INNVENTOR OF THE FIRST AMERICAN DC. ELECTRICAL MOTOR INSTALLED HIS MOTOR IN A SMALL MOTOR CAR. WHICH HE OPERATED ON A SHORT CIRCULAR ELECTRIFIED TRACK . THE FIRST PRODUCTION OF AUTOMOBILES WAS BY KARL BENZ IN 1888 AND UNDER LICENSE FROM BENZ IN FRANCE BY EMILE ROGGER. THERE WERE NUMERIOUS OTHERS INCLUDING TRICYCLE BUILDERS HYDOLFEGG, EDWARD BUTLER AND LEON BOLLEE. BOLLEE USING 650CC ENGINE OF HIS OWN DESIGN ENABLED HIS DRIVER JAMIN TO AVERAGE 45KM/H IN THE 1897 PARIS TOURVILLE RALLY BY 1900 MASS PRODUCTION OF AUTOMOBILES HAD BEGAIN IN FRANCE AND THE UNITED STATE. IN 1898 LOUIS RENAULT HAS A DE DION-BOUTON MODIFIED WITH FIXED DRIVE SHAFT AND RING AND PINIONGEAR MAKING PERHAPS THE FIRST HOT ROD IN HISTORY AND BRINGING RENAULT AND HIS BROTHERS INTO THE CAR INDUSTRY.

THE VINTAGE ERA LASTED FROM THE END OF WORLD WAR (1919) THROUGH THE WALL STREAT CRASH AT THE END OF 1929. DURING THE PERIOD THE FRONT ENGINED CAR CAME TO DOMINATE WITH CLOSED BODIES AND STANDARAISED CONTROLS BECOMING THE NORM. IN 1919 90% CAR SOLD WERE OPEN BY 1929 90% WERE CLOSED. THE MODERN ERA IS NORMALLY DEFINED AS THE 25 YEARS PRECEDING THE CURRENT YEAR. THE MODERN ERA HAS BEEN ONE OF THE INCREASING STANDRADISATION PLATFORM SHARING AND COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN.

HISTORY OF AUTO-MOBILE SECTOR IN INDIA=>

THE FIRST CAR RAN ON INDIAS ROADS IN 1897 UNTIL THE 1930S CARS WERE IMPROVED DIRECTLY BUT IN VERY SMALL NUMBER. HINDUSTAN WAS LAUNCHED IN 1942 LONGTIME COMPETITOR PREMIER IN 1944. THEY BUILD G. M. AND FIAT PRODUCTS RESPECTIVELY. MAHINDRA & MAHINDRA WAS ESTABLISHED BY TWO BROTHERS IN 1945 AND BEGAN ASSEMBLY OF JEEP CJ-3A UTILITY VEHICLES. HOWEVER THE GROWTH WAS RELATIVELY SLOW IN THE 1950S AND 1960S NATIONALISATION AND THE LICENSE RAJ WHICH HAMPERED THE INDIAN PRIVATE SECTOR. TOTAL RESTRICTIONS FOR IMPORT OF VEHICALS WAS SET AND AFTER 1970 THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY STARTED TO GROW BUT THE GROWTH WAS MAINLY DRIVEN BY TRACTORS AND COMMERCIAL VEHICLES AND SCOOTERS. CAR WERE A MAJOR LUXURY ITEM. BY 1980S THE AUTO MOBILE MARKET WAS STILL DOMINATED BY HINDUSTAN AND PREMIER WHO SOLD SUPER ANNUATED

PRODUCTS IN FAIRLY LIMITED NUMBERS. IN INDIA THERE IS MANY COMPANIES CAR RUNS ON THE ROAD.

AUTO-MOBILE INDUSTRY =>

INDIA AUTO-MOBILE

INDUSTRY IS ONE OF THE FASTEST GROWING AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY IN THE WORLD. THE AUTO-MOBILE INDUSTRY IN INDIA IS ONE OF THE LARGER MARKETS IN THE WORLD. INDIA PASSENGER CAR AND COMMERCIAL VEHICLE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY IS THE SIXTH LARGEST IN THE WORLD. WITH AN ANNUAL PRODUCTION OF MORE THAN 3.9 MILLION UNIT IN 2011. ACCORDING TO RECENT REPORT INDIA OVERTOOK BRAZILED BECOME THE SIXTH-LARGEST PASSENGER VEHICLE. AS OF 2010 INDIA IS HOME TO 40 MILLION PASSENGER VEHICLES MORE THAN 3.7 MILLION AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLES WERE PRODUCED IN INDIA IN 2010. THE MAJORITY OF INDIA CAR MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY IS BASED ARROUND THE CLUSTERS IN SOUTH, WEST AND NORTH. CHENNAI IS HOME TO ARROUND 35-40% OF INDIAS TOTAL AUTOMOBILES INDUSTRY AND FOR THIS REASON IT IS KNOWN AS THE DETROIT OF ASIA. IT IS ON THE WAY TO BECOMING THE WORLDS LARGEST AUTO HUB BY 2016 WITH A CAPACITY OF OVER 3 MILLION CARS ANNUALLY.

TOP AUTO-MOBILE BRANDS AVAILABLE IN INDIA MARKET=> THERE ARE MANY BRANDS AVAILABLE IN INDIAN
MARKET--------- DAEWOO MOTORS FIAT FORD G.M. HONDA HINDUSTAN MOTORS(INDIAN AUTO-MOBILE COMPANY) HYUNDAI MAHINDRA & MAHINDRA(INDIAN AUTO-MOBILE COMPANY) MARUTI UDYOG LTD.(INDIAN AUTO-MOBILE COMPANY) MITSUBISHI SKODA SUZUKI TATA(INDIAN AUTO-MOBILE COMPANY) TOYOTA

 RENAULT FORCE INDIA LTD.(INDIAN AUTO-MOBILE COMPANY)

INDIAN MARKET IN AUTO-MOBILE SECTOR=> THE

AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY IN INDIA IS ONE OF THE LARGEST MARKET IN THE WORLD . INDIA PASSENGER CARS AND COMMERCIAL VEHICLE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY IS SIXTH LARGEST IN THE WORLD. IN INDIA THERE IS VARIOUS TYPES OF PEOPLE BUY AND USE THE DIFFERENT-2 TYPES OF CARS . FOR THE HELP OF STUDY WE SEGMENT THE MARKET OF AUTOMOBILE SECTOR IN INDIA . WE SEGMENT THE MARKET OF AUTO-MOBILE INTO THREE PARTS-------------- UPPER SEGMENT CARS MIDDLE SEGMENT CARS LOWER SEGMENT CARS IN THE LOWER SEGMENTS OF CARS THE RANGE STARTED IS MOSTLY 2 TO 5 LAKHS. MIDDLE SEGMENTS OF PEOPLE WHO PURCHASE THIS SEGMENTS OF CARS NORMLY RANGE STARTED 5 TO 15 LAKHS (APPROX). IN UPPER SEGMENTS OF CARS STARTED ABOVE 15 OR 20 LAKHS.

MIDDLE SEGMENTS OF CARS IN INDIA=>

NORMALY IN INDIA MIDDLE SEGMENTS OF CARS STARTED 5 TO 15 LAKHS . SOME OF CARS ARE GIVEN BELOW WITH ITS PRIZE.. RENAULT DUSTER(7.99-11.65) MARUTI DZIRE(5.03-7.59) MARUTI EARTIGA(5.99-8.77) HYUNDAI I20(5-7.96) MAHINDRA XUV5OO(12.18-14.80) MAHINDRA SCORPIO(9.98-12.56) MAHINDRA BOLERO (7.57-8.45) NISSAN SUNNY(7-9.75) SKODA RAPID(7.26-9.82) HYUNDAI ELANTRA(12.83-16.18) HYUNDAI VERNA(7.40-11.69) TATA ARIA(12.20-16.63) FIAT LINEA(7.26-9.76) FORD CLASSIC(5-7.39) FORD FIESTA(7.47-10.36) MAHINDRA VERITO(5.53-7.40) FORCE ONE(11.70-11.78) HONDA CITY(7.46-11.48)

PROBLEM OF THE STUDY=>

NATIONAL Vs INTERNATIONAL BRANDED CARS.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF

OBJECTIVE RELATED TO THE PROBLEM=> TO KNOW THE PERCEPTION OF THE CONSUMERS TOWARDS MEDIUM SEGMENTS OF CARS INDUSTRY. TO KNOW THE FACTORS WHICH MOTIVATE BUYERS TO GO FOR A PARTICULAR BRAND. TO MAKES EFFECTIVE STRATEGIES FOR MIDDLE SEGMENTS OF CARS.

Type of research=>

ACCORDING THE PROBLEM(COMAPRATIVE

ANALYSIS OF NATIONAL Vs INTERNATIONAL BRANDED CARS) MY RESEARCH EXPLORATORY RESEARCH. BECAUSE IN THE ABOVE PROBLEM WE KNOW PERFECTLY WHAT WE WANT TO DO BUT WE DONT KNOW HOW TO DO IT. EXPLORATORY RESEARCH=> INITIAL RESEARCH CONDUCTED TO EXPLORETHE NATURE OF THE PROBLEM. IL DO NOT PROVIDE CONCLUSION. EXAMPLE=> OUR SALES ARE DECLININGAND WE DONT KNOW WHY. SO I CHOOSE EXPLORATORY RESEARCH.

SAMPLING DESIGN=> IN SAMPLING DESIGN THERE ARE TWO

METHODS OF SAMPLING ----- PROBABILITY AND NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING METHOD.I WANT TO TAKE NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING METHOD BECAUSE IN INDIA EVERYONE IS NOT PURCHASE CARS SO I TAKE IT.

NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING => NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING IS THAT SAMPLING PROCEDURE WHICH DOES NOT FFORD ANY BASIS FOR ESTIMATING THE PROBABILITY THAT EACH ITEM IN THE PAPULATION HAS BEEN INCLUDED IN THE SAMPLE. NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING IS ALSO KNOWN BY DIFFERENT NAMES SUCH AS- DELIBERATE SAMPLING, PURPOSIVE SAMPLING AND JUDGEMENT SAMPLING.

SAMPLE SIZE=> THERE

ARE MANY METHOD TO TAKE SAMLE SIZE THE FEW METHOD OF TAKING SAMPLING SIZE IS GIVEN BELOW------ BLIND GUESSING INDUSTRY RULE OF THUMB AFFORDABILITY METHOD STATISTICAL METHOD IN THIS ABOVE METHODS I CHOOSE AFFORDABILITY METHOD BECAUSE OUR INDIAN AUTO INDUSTRY IS ONE OF THE HUGE AUTO INDUSTRY IN THE WORLD. IN INDIA APPROX 40% PEOPLE USE CARS.

SO I CHOOSE AFFORDABILITY METHOD AND TAKE SAMPLE SIZE 100. AFFORDABILITY METHOD IS ONE OF THE USEABLE METHODTO TAKE SAMPLE SIZE. I TAKE SAMPLE SIZE 100 IN MY AUTO INDUSTRY STUDY.