Infancy and Toddlerhood Fact Sheet- (Birth-3 Years)

Physical: During the first month: Visually, the infant cannot see past 8 or 12 inches. Sees black and white Hearing is completely developed, and the infant may recognize familiar sounds Begins lifting own head and turns it while on his or her stomach Head and neck are still not strong enough to be held up on its own while in an upright position During the first six months: Smiles Lifts own head

Begins pushing ones self up from tummy time Begins roll-over Can shake toys Begins sitting upright without help

During 6 months to 12 months: Begins scooting and crawling Has use of hands completely (thumb and finger grasp) Can drink from a cup Begin pulling self up on things like the table or couch May begin walking

During 12 months to 24 months: Begins walking Can go up and down stairs (BabyCenter. (1997-2014) Can kick a ball (BabyCenter. (1997-2014) Climbs on everything (furniture especially) Uses crayons and other writing tools to scribble Can throw a ball Can build with blocks

During 24 months to 36 months: Can jump Pedals a bike Draws Opens doors

Language: During the first 6 months: Babbles Mimics sounds made by others Laughs

During 6 months to 12 months: Puts together first single syllable sounds to make simple words (Mama or Dada (BabyCenter. (1997-2014)) During 12 months to 24 months: Begins talking Learns new words each day Can express some feelings and emotions

During 24 months to 36 months: Cognitive: During Birth to 12 months: Recognizes familiar voices Responsive to lights, movement, and sounds Recognizes familiar people Becomes sensitive to your tone of voice and may heed your warning when you tell her no (BabyCenter. (1997-2014). Uses gestures to express wants Develops clearer speech Uses a broader vocabulary

Pretends to talk on the phone Possesses separation anxiety

During 12 months to 24 months: He can follow two-step directions (BabyCenter. (1997-2014) by age 2 Use of predominant left or right becomes noticeable Begins potty training Engages in imaginary play Plays next to other children Becomes more independent

During 24 months to 36 months: Cultural: Social: Starts to express emotion through language Displays empathy Can model morally relevant behaviors (Berk, L. E. (2013) Begin to understand the authority figure Is able to follow multi-step instructions (BabyCenter. (1997-2014) Builds relationships Shows emotions (empathy, affection, sadness) Have troubles taking turns and sharing

Atypical Developmental Signs: Baby may feed too slowly and/or cannot suck

Is particularly too stiff or too floppy Does not react to loud noises Does not smile or show emotion Cannot hold onto objects or grab for objects Cannot hold own head up Cannot sit on own Does not crawl by one year Cannot stand or support oneself by one year Shows no interest in toys or other things Says no words Does not use any gestures for communication Does not walk by 18 months Cannot comprehend the use of everyday objects (BabyCenter. (19972014)

Does not speak more than six words or two word sentences by two years

Cannot follow simples instructions

Strategies to Influence Learning & Development: Provide plenty of tummy time Encourage her to look at and reach for toys (BabyCenter. (19972014) Talk to the baby

Read to the baby Sing to the baby Play simple games with the baby Follow a schedule or routine with the baby Cuddle with and show affection toward the baby Be descriptive when speaking to the child Encourage exploration and play Encourage taking turns and sharing Encourage social interactions Set limits and rules with consequences Play learning games (BabyCenter. (1997-2014)

References

BabyCenter. (1997-2014). Milestones: 1to 6 months. Retrieved from http://www.babycenter.com/0_milestones-1-to-6-months_1496585.bc, http://www.babycenter.com/0_milestones-7-to-12-months_1496587.bc, http://www.babycenter.com/0_milestones-13-to-24-months_1496589.bc, http://www.babycenter.com/0_milestones-25-to-36-months_1496593.bc