1.Four dies are thrown. find the probability that the sum of them will be 18?

Ans: a+b+c+d=18
=>(6-a)+(6-b)+(6-c)+(6-d)=24-18=6
=>a+b+c+d=6
9C3=84 ,subtract 4 cases=> 7,1,1,1=>4ways=>84-4=80
80/6^4=20/6^3=20/216=10/108
---------------------------------------Aliter:When 4 dies are rolled, we have the following sums possible:
4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,[14],15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24.
Now 14 is the mid point.
This implies the probability of getting a sum on each side of the mid point is
similar as these both are mirror images.
Hence, ways(of getting 18) = ways(of getting 10) = C(9,6) = 84.
Subtract cases (7,1,1,1)=> 4 cases
Maltab Prob = 80/6^4.
--------------------------------------------Aliter:
since a+b+c+d=18 is same as a+b+c+d=10,we solve the later
a+b+c+d=10
1<= a<=6....(x^1+x^2....x^6)
1<= b<=6......(same)
1<= c<=6.......(same)
1<= d<=6......(same)
answer is coeff of x^10 in (x+x^2+x^3...+x^6)^4
=>x^10 in x^4(1+x+x^2+x^3+x^4+x^5)^4
=>x^6 in (1+x+x^2+x^3+x^4+x^5)^4

=>x^6 in (1-x^6)^4 * (1-x)^-4

=>x^6 in
(1-4x^6.....)*(1+4x+10x^2+20x^3+35x^4+56x^5+84x^6)...neglect higher
powers than x^6
=>coeff of x^6=1*84 -4*1=80
80/6^4
------------------------------------------------------------------ALiter(Lengthiest):
a+b+c+d=18=>coefficient of x^18 in (x+x^2+x^3+x^4+x^5+x^6 )^4
=>coefficient of x^18 in x^4*(1+x+x^2+x^3+x^4+x^5 )^4..take x
common
=>coefficient of x^14 in (1+x+x^2+x^3+x^4+x^5 )^4..take cancel x^4

=(1+x+x^2+x^3+x^4+x^5 )^4=(1-x^6)^4 * (1-x)^-4

now,for (1-x)^-n =1 + C(n,1)x + C(n+1,2)x^2 + C(n+2,3)x^3 .....and so

on
coeffiecient of x^r in (1-x)^n is given by ===> (n+r-1) C r...Important
Coming back to question,coefficient of x^14 in (1-x^6)^4 * (1-x)^-4
=>(1-4x^6 + 6x^12....neglect further terms as they wud be greater than

(x^14)* (1-x)^-4
coefficient of x wud depend on frst 3 terms of left term.
for 1 we find =>coeffiecient of x^14 in [(1-x)^-4]
for -4x^6 we find=>coeffiecient of x^8 in[ (1-x)^-4]
for 6x^12 we find=>coeffiecient of x^2 in[ (1-x)^-4]....when multiplied they

give x^14
coeffiecient of x^14 in [(1-x)^-4] =C(4+14-1, 14) from (n+r-1) C

r=>C(17,3)
coeffiecient of x^8 in [(1-x)^-4] =C(4+8-1, 11) from (n+r-1) C r
=>C(11,3)
coeffiecient of x^2 in [(1-x)^-4] =C(4+2-1, 2) from (n+r-1) C r=>C(5,2)
coefficient of x^14 in (1-x^6)^4 * (1-x)^-4 is = 1*C(17,3)-4*C(11,3) +
6*C(5,2)= 80
There is no logic involved...this is pure algebra.....