INTONATION

INTONATION
FORM

TONALITY

TONICITY

TONE

Intonation groups / Intonation phrases

Nucleus placement tonic syllable

Pitch movement

TONALITY

CRITERIA

EXTERNAL phonetic cues

INTERNAL

GRAMMATICAL or SEMANTIC

EXTERNAL
EXTERNAL PAUSE filled unfilled ANACRUSIS LENGTHENING FINAL SYLLABLE PITCH of UNACCENTED SYLLABLE

major constituent boundaries

At the beginning of an IB

Stressed or Unstressed

After falling tones STEP -UP

Before high lexical content words (hesitation)

Unstressed syllables at greater speed

Reasons: 1. natural relaxation 2. speakier is given time to plan the next group

After rising tones STEP-DOWN

After the first word in an IG corrections/ false starts (hesitation/ do not indicate as a marker of IGB)

INTERNAL CRITERION
ONE STRESSED SYLLABLE

PITCH MOVEMENT

GRAMMATICAL CRITERION

SIGNALLING STRUCTURE INTONATION BREAK CORRESPONDS TO A SYNTACTIC BOUNDARY SENTENCES-CLAUSES-PHRASESOCCASIONALLY WORDS STRUCTURE - AMBIGUOUS
TONALITY - DISAMBIGUATE

GRAMMATICAL CRITERION
SIGNALLING STRUCTURE SIZE OF IP CHUNKING & GRAMMAR: SENTENCE CLAUSE SYNTACTIC CONSTITUENTS
IGB & GRAMMAR: VOCATIVES & IMPRECATIONS ADVERBIALS HEAVY NOUN PHRASES TOPICS DEFINING NONDEFINING PARALLEL STRUCTURES TAG QUESTIONS

GRAMMATICAL CRITERION
SIZE OF THE CHUNCKS: IP ONE PIECE OF INFO IP REFLECTS SPEAKERS DECISIONS ABOUT FOCUS IP COVERS A SINGLE FOCUS DOMAIN IP =ONSET + NUCLEUSS SCRIPTED MATERIAL / SPONTANEOUS CONVERSATION

GRAMMATICAL CRITERION
CHUNKING & GRAMMAR SENTENCE BOUNDARY: // WITHIN A SENTENCE : / CLAUSE IB SIGNALS A BOUNDARY BETWEEN SYNTACTIC CONSTITUENTS
CHANGE OF GRAMMATICAL SUBJECT COORDINATE CLAUSES / SUBJECT ELLIPTED / DIFFERENT SUBJECTS + ELLIPTED OBJECT

GRAMMATICAL CRITERION
VOCATIVES AND IMPRECATIONS: VOCATIVES:
INITIAL FINAL POSITION

GREETINGS IMPRECATIONS:
INITIAL / PART OF A LARGER UTTERANCE

GRAMMATICAL CRITERION
ADVERBIALS
STAND APART POSITION: BEGINNING- MIDDLE FINAL: ADVERBS OF MANNER-(LLI)
SENTENCE ADVERBIALS-ADJUNCTS MODIFY WHOLE CLAUSE OR UTTERANCE SEVERAL FINAL ADVERBIALS

GRAMMATICAL CRITERION
HEAVY NOUN PHRASES: IP READING ALOUD FORMAL SPEECHES CHANGE OF SUBJECT CONTRASTIVE FOCUS PLACEMENT OBJECTS IP- HEAVY

GRAMMATICAL CRITERION
TOPICS
FIRST ELEMENT: TOPIC THEME COMMENT- RHEME
SYNTACTIC WAYS CHOOSING AN APPROPRIATE TONE GIVING IT A SEPARATE IP TOPICALIZE OBJECT OR COMPLEMENT-IP CLEFT SENTENCES PSEUDO CLEFT SENTENCES (WHAT)

GRAMMATICAL CRITERION
DEFINING / NON-DEFINING DEFINING- NO SEPARATE IP
ONLY IF NP -HEAVY

NON-DEFINING

PHRASES IN APPOSITION

GRAMMATICAL CRITERION
PARALLEL STRUCTURES-IP ITEMS IN A LIST
PARALLEL WORDS OR PHRASES
NOT IN FAST SPEECH SOMETIMES AMBIGUOUS (OLD MEN AND WOMEN)

STRINGS OF LETTERS OR NUMBERSTWO POSSIBILITIES

FAMILIAR/ UNFAMILIAR LONGER STRINGS-GET BROKEN UP

GRAMMATICAL CRITERION
TAG QUESTIONS
OWN IP REVERSE-POLARITY TAGS OR CHECKING TAGS ( - /+ ) (+ / -) DIFFERENT MEANING:
FALL-OWN IP REVERSE-POLARITY RISE: SOMETIMES IT CONSTITUTES THE TAIL CONSTANT-POLARITY TAGS OR COPY TAGS-( + /+) : NO IP / IF IP TONE- RISE