lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt The Project Gutenberg EBook of Chess Str teg!" b!

E#$ r# % sker &' (n our ser(es b! E#$ r# % sker Co)!r(ght l $s re ch ng(ng ll o*er the $orl#. Be sure to check the co)!r(ght l $s for !our countr! before #o$nlo #(ng or re#(str(but(ng th(s or n! other Project Gutenberg eBook. Th(s he #er shoul# be the f(rst th(ng seen $hen *(e$(ng th(s Project Gutenberg f(le. Ple se #o not re+o*e (t. ,o not ch nge or e#(t the he #er $(thout $r(tten )er+(ss(on. Ple se re # the -leg l s+ ll )r(nt"- n# other (nfor+ t(on bout the eBook n# Project Gutenberg t the botto+ of th(s f(le. .nclu#e# (s (+)ort nt (nfor+ t(on bout !our s)ec(f(c r(ghts n# restr(ct(ons (n ho$ the f(le + ! be use#. You c n lso f(n# out bout ho$ to + ke #on t(on to Project Gutenberg" n# ho$ to get (n*ol*e#. //0elco+e To The 0orl# of 1ree Pl (n 2 n(ll //eBooks Re # ble B! Both Hu+ ns Electron(c Texts//

n# B! Co+)uters" S(nce 3453//

/////These eBooks 0ere Pre) re# B! Thous n#s of 2olunteers6///// T(tle7 Chess Str teg! Author7 E#$ r# % sker tr nsl te# b! 8. ,u 9ont Rele se , te7 9 !" '::; <EBook &=>3;? <Yes" $e re +ore th n one !e r he # of sche#ule? <Th(s f(le $ s f(rst )oste# on 8ul! ''" '::'? E#(t(on7 3: % ngu ge7 Engl(sh Ch r cter set enco#(ng7 ASC.. /// START @1 THE PR@8ECT GATEBBERG EB@@K CHESS STRATEGY ///

Pro#uce# b! 8ohn 9 +oun C+ +ounjoDu+#nj.e#uE" Ch rles 1r nks" n# the @nl(ne ,(str(bute# Proofre #ers $ebs(te.

.B1@R9AT.@B AB@AT TH.S EFTEGT E,.T.@B

The follo$(ng (s n eFtext of -Chess Str teg!"- secon# e#(t(on" H343=I b! E#$ r# % sker" tr nsl te# b! 8. ,u 9ont. Th(s eFtext cont (ns the 3>5 chess n# checkers bo r# g +e #( gr +s ))e r(ng (n the or(g(n l book" ll (n the for+ of ASC.. l(ne #r $(ngs. The follo$(ng (s ke! to the #( gr +s7 1or chess )(eces" P ge 3

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt R Kt B K K P J J J J J J Rook Kn(ght B(sho) Kueen K(ng P $n

Bl ck )(eces h *e & s!+bol to the left of the+" $h(le $h(te )(eces h *e L s!+bol to the left of the+. 1or ex +)le" &B (s the Bl ck b(sho)" $h(le LB (s the $h(te b(sho). &Kt (s the bl ck kn(ght" $h(le LKt (s the $h(te kn(ght. Th(s $(ll let the re #er (nst ntl! tell b! s(ght $h(ch )(eces (n the ASC.. chess #( gr +s re bl ck n# $h(ch re $h(te. Those $ho f(n# these #( gr +s h r# to re # shoul# feel free to set u) the+ u) on g +e bo r# us(ng the ctu l )(eces.

C@BTEBTS

TRABS%AT@R'S PRE1ACE AATH@R'S PRE1ACE PART . .. .BTR@,ACT@RY .. Rules of the G +e ... Bot t(on ... H.BTS 1@R BEG.BBERS Ele+ent r! Co+b(n t(ons S(+)le C lcul t(on Co+)l(c t(ons .... GEBERA% PR.BC.P%ES @1 CHESS STRATEGY .ntro#uctor! B l nce of Att ck 9ob(l(t! .2. THE @PEB.BG ,e*elo)+ent of the P(eces @n %os(ng 9o*es Ex +)les of Pr ct(c l Pl ! P $n Pl ! P $n Skeleton The Centre A. K(ng's P $n G +es B. Kueen's P $n G +es C. .rregul r @)en(ngs 2. THE EB,FGA9E En#Fg +es $(th P(eces P $n En#(ngs 9(xe# En#(ngs P ge ' n# ,efence

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt EB,FGA9ES 1R@9 9ASTERFP%AY Te(ch+ nnFBl ckburne HBerl(n" 3M45I E#. % skerFRotle$( HH +burg" 343:I Bl ckburneFSchlechter H2(enn " 3M4MI B(r#F8 no$sk( HH st(ngs" 3M4=I Ste(nerF1org cN HSNekesfeher* r" 34:5I Ch rousekFHe(nr(chsen HCologne" 3M4MI 2.. THE 9.,,%E GA9E Gener l Re+ rks E*olut(on of the P $n Skeleton @bjects of Att ck -B ck$ r#- P $ns @n 1(x(ng 0e kness 0e knesses (n P $n Pos(t(on Bre k(ng u) the K(ng's S(#e ,ouble# P $ns .llustr t(onsFF *. Sche*eFTe(ch+ nn HBerl(n" 34:5I 9 rsh llFBurn H@sten#" 34:5I 9 noeu*res of the P(eces @)en 1(les n# ,( gon ls Ex +)leFF 1re#. % N r#FE#. % sker HP r(s" 343;I PART .. .%%ASTRAT.2E GA9ES 1R@9 9ASTER T@ARBA9EBTS 3. '. O. ;. ; . ;b. =. >. 5. M. 4. 3:. 33. 3'. 3O. 3;. 3=. 3>. 35. 35 . 3M. 34. ':. '3. ''. 'O. ';. '=. '>. '5. 'M. '4. T rt ko$erFBurn HC rlsb #" 3433I %eonh r#tF9 rsh ll HS n Seb st( n" 3433I S)(el+ nnFProkes HPr g" 34:MI T rr schFC ) bl nc HS n Seb st( n" 3433I Ho$ellF9(chell HC ble 9 tch" 34:5I G. *. Y Gr(ff(thFGunston H%on#on" 34:'I 9 sonFGunsberg HBe$ York" 3MM4I 9 rsh llFT rr sch HH +burg" 343:I Bl ckburneFE+. % sker HPetrogr #" 343;I S l$eF9 rsh ll H2(enn " 34:MI Te(ch+ nnFA+ teurs HGl sgo$" 34:'I SchlechterF8 no$sk( HP r(s" 34::I Te(ch+ nnFRub(nste(n HC rlsb #" 3433I Te(ch+ nnFSchlechter HC rlsb #" 3433I S)(el+ nnFT rr sch HS n Seb st( n" 343'I Aljech(nFB(e+No$(tsch HPetrogr #" 343;I Y tesFGunsberg HChester" 343;I Berl(nFR(g H34:MF34:4I 9 rocN!FBerger H2(enn " 34:MI E+. % skerFC ) bl nc HPetrogr #" 343;I E#. % skerF8 no$sk( HSche*en(ngen" 343OI E#. % skerFEnglun# HSche*en(ngen" 343OI E#. % skerFAljech(n HSche*en(ngen" 343OI 1org cNFT rt ko$er HPetrogr #" 34:4I Y tesFEsser HAngloF,utch 9 tch" 343;I Atk(nsFB rr! HC ble 9 tch" 343:I E+. % skerFT rr sch H9un(ch" 34:MI C ) bl nc FBl nco HH * nn " 343OI B(e+No$(tschFT rr sch HS n Seb st( n" 343'I Al )(nFRub(nste(n H0(ln " 343'I Te(ch+ nnFS)(el+ nn H%e()N(g" 343;I P ge O

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt O:. T rr schFS)(el+ nn H9 nnhe(+" 343;I O3. 8ohnF8 no$sk( H9 nnhe(+" 343;I O'. E#. % skcrF9(eses HSche*en(ngen" 343OI OO. B r sNF9(eses HBresl u" 3:3'I O;. E+. % skerFB(e+No$(tsch HPetrogr #" 343;I O=. Ret(FT rt ko$er H2(enn " 343:I O>. 1org cNFE. Cohn HPetrogr #" 34:4I O5. 9 rsh llFC ) bl nc HBe$ York" 34:4I OM. Rotle$(FTe(ch+ nn HC rlsb #" 3433I OM . Rub(nste(nFTe(ch+ nn H2(enn " 34:MI O4. Rotle$(FRub(nste(n H%o#N" 34:5I ;:. Rub(nste(nFC ) bl nc HS n Seb st( n" 3433I ;3. B(e+No$(tschFT rr sch HPetrogr #" 343;I ;3 . E+. % skerFB uer HA+ster# +" 3MM4I ;'. C ) bl nc FAljech(n HPetrogr #" 343OI ;O. C ) bl nc FBernste(n HPetrogr #" 343;I ;;. ,us Chot(+(rsk(F2(#+ r HC rlsb #" 3433I ;=. Rub(nste(nFS)(el+ nn HP(st! n" 343'I ;>. Tho+ sFE#. % sker H%on#on" 343'I ;5. T rt ko$erFAsNt los HBu# )est" 343OI ;5 . T rt ko$erFS)(el+ nn H2(enn " 343OI ;5b. G *. Y ;M. Bl ckburneFB(e+No$(tsch HPetrogr #" 343;I TAB%E @1 @PEB.BGS A. K(ng's P $n G +es B. Kueen's P $n G +es C. .rregul r @)en(ngs

TRABS%AT@R'S PRE1ACE

As the f(rst e#(t(on of E#$ r# % skcr's CHESS STRATEGY $ s exh uste# $(th(n co+) r t(*el! short t(+e of (ts ))e r nce" the uthor set h(+self the t sk of lter(ng n# (+)ro*(ng the $ork to such n extent th t (t bec +e to ll (ntents n# )ur)oses ne$ book. . h # the )r(*(lege of coFo)er t(ng $(th h(+ to sl(ght #egree on th t secon# e#(t(on" n# $ s (n consePuence ble to ))rec( te the tre+en#ous +ount of $ork he *olunt r(l! took u)on h(+self to #oQ . s ! *olunt r(l!" bec use h(s )ubl(shers" nx(ous to su))l! the strong #e+ n# for the book" $(she# to re)r(nt (t s (t stoo#. A l(ttle l ter . un#ertook to tr nsl te th(s secon# e#(t(on (nto Engl(sh for 9essrs. Bell R Sons. @nl! fe$ +onths h # el )se#" the tourn +ents t Petrogr #" Chester" n# 9 nnhe(+ h # t ken )l ce" se*er l ne$ #(sco*er(es h # been + #e" n# (t (s the gre test test(+on! to E#$ r# % sker's (n#ef t(g ble #e*ot(on to the Art of Chess th t . + ble to s ! th t th(s (s not tr nsl t(on of the secon# e#(t(on" but of $h t (s )r ct(c ll! ne$ book. .t cont (ns ne$ )ref ce" ch )ter for beg(nners" ne$ (ntro#uct(on" ne$ * r( t(ons. 1urther+ore" l rge nu+ber of ne$ g +es h *e t ken the )l ce of ol# ones. . h *e no #oubt th t n! chess )l !er $ho $(ll t ke the trouble to stu#! CHESS STRATEGY $(ll s)en# + n! )le sur ble hour. .nc(#ent ll! ne$ *(st s $(ll be o)ene# to h(+" n# h(s )l !(ng strength (ncre se# to sur)r(s(ng #egree. P ge ;

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt The uthor s !s (n h(s )ref ce th t he ))e ls to the (ntell(gence n# not the +e+or! of h(s re #ers. .n +! o)(n(on" too" the stu#ent shoul# bo*e ll tr! to (+)ro*e h(s ju#g+ent of )os(t(on. Th n the )l !(ng o*er of g +es conteste# b! ex)erts . c n h r#l! (+ g(ne gre ter or )urer for+ of enjo!+ent. Yet . +ust t the outset soun# note of $ rn(ng g (nst (ts be(ng #one su)erf(c( ll!" n# $(th fe*er(sh ex)ect t(on of so+eth(ng h ))en(ng. E*er! +o*e or co+b(n t(on of +o*es shoul# be c refull! $e(ghe#" n# the stu#ent shoul# #r $ h(s o$n conclus(ons n# co+) re the+ $(th $h t ctu ll! h ))ens (n the g +e un#er ex +(n t(on. Th(s ))l(es ) rt(cul rl! to so+e of the cr(t(c l )os(t(ons set out (n #( gr +s (n the course of the ex)os(t(on of the se*er l g +es. The re #er $oul# #er(*e the gre test )oss(ble benef(t fro+ )rolonge# stu#! of such )os(t(ons before seek(ng to kno$ ho$ the g +es )rocee#. After h *(ng for+e# h(s o$n o)(n(on bout the +er(ts of ) rt(cul r )os(t(on" he shoul# co+) re the result $(th the sePuel (n the g +e (n Puest(on" n# thus f(n# out $here h(s ju#g+ent h s been t f ult. The #ee)er stu#! of the theor! of the o)en(ngs (s of course necess(t! to the stu#ent $ho $(shes to beco+e n ex)ert" but the #e*elo)+ent of h(s ju#g+ent +ust )rece#e (t. To h(+ Gr(ff(th R 0h(te's #+(r ble book" 9o#e+ Chess @)en(ngs" $(ll be )erfect +(ne of (nfor+ t(on. There re thous n#s of * r( t(ons" n# (n +ost of the+ the ctu l g +e (n $h(ch the! $ere f(rst tr(e# b! + sters (s n +e#" thus ##(ng to the (nterest n# * lue of the $ork. . +ust not o+(t to +ent(on the (n* lu ble hel) ffor#e# +e b! +! fr(en# 9r. 8ohn H rt" to $ho+ +! $ r+est th nks re #ue. 8A%.AS ,A 9@BT.

AATH@R'S PRE1ACE

THE l rge + jor(t! of chess )l !ers $ho $oul# l(ke to (+)ro*e the(r g +e" h *e not the necess r! o))ortun(t! of )(tt(ng the+sel*es g (nst )l !ers of + sterFstrength" or t le st of obt (n(ng the #es(re# (nstruct(on fro+ )erson l (ntercourse $(th the+. .t (s for such )l !ers th t the )resent $ork (s (nten#e#. The books on $h(ch the le rner h s to rel! h r#l! e*er ser*e h(s )ur)ose" be(ng +ostl! l(ttle +ore th n #(sjo(nte# t bul t(on of nu+berless o)en(ng * r( t(ons" $h(ch c nnot be un#erstoo# $(thout )rel(+(n r! stu#(es" n# consePuentl! onl! + ke for confus(on. .n the en# the connect(on bet$een the * r(ous l(nes of )l ! + ! beco+e cle r" fter the stu#ent h s + #e n exh ust(*e stu#! of the subject" but *er! fe$ $oul# h *e e(ther the t(+e or the (ncl(n t(on for such )rolonge# l bour. Therefore nother shorter n# less e+)(r(c l $ ! +ust be foun# (n $h(ch to cPu(re the un#erst n#(ng of soun# )l !. 9! s!ste+ of te ch(ng #(ffers fro+ the usu l ones" (n th t (t sets #o$n t the P ge =

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt outset #ef(n(te ele+ent r! )r(nc()les of chess str teg! b! $h(ch n! +o*e c n be g uge# t (ts true * lue" thus en bl(ng the le rner to for+ h(s o$n ju#g+ent s to the + noeu*res un#er cons(#er t(on. .n +! o)(n(on (t (s bsolutel! ESSEBT.A% to follo$ such str teg(c l )r(nc()les" n# . go so f r s to ssert th t such )r(nc()les re (n the+sel*es SA11.C.EBT for the #e*elo)+ent n# con#uct of correct g +e of chess. E*en though (nstruct(on (n chess (s )oss(ble on *er! gener l l(nes lone" !et . th(nk (t #*(s ble n# (n#ee# necess r! to ex)l (n the ))l(c t(on of such )r(nc()les to the * r(ous )h ses of e ch g +e of chess. @ther$(se the le rner +(ght un#ul! #el ! h(s )rogress" n# lose * lu ble t(+e (n f(n#(ng out for h(+self cert (n essent( ls th t coul# +ore )rof(t bl! be )o(nte# out to h(+. 0(th reg r# to the $ ! (n $h(ch . h *e rr nge# +! subject n# the for+ of (ts ex)os(t(on (n #et (l" . h *e thought out the follo$(ng )l n. After #(scuss(ng t length the le #(ng )r(nc()les un#erl!(ng soun# )l !" . h *e f(rst tre te# of the @PEB.BGS" (n $h(ch such )r(nc()les re of e*en +ore #ec(#(ng (nfluence th n (n n! other st ge of the g +e" s f r s coul# be #one on bro # l(nes $(thout h *(ng to ) ! ttent(on to +(##le n# en#Fg +e cons(#er t(ons. . )rocee#e# s follo$s" b! t k(ng s +! st rt(ngF)o(nt the -) $n skeleton- $h(ch (s for+e# (n the o)en(ng" n# roun# $h(ch the )(eces shoul# grou) the+sel*es (n log(c l f sh(on. As consePuence of the ) $ns h *(ng so l(ttle +ob(l(t!" th(s -) $n skeleton- often )reser*es (ts sh )e r(ght (nto the en#Fg +e. A))l!(ng the gener l str teg(c l )r(nc()les to the for+ t(on of the ) $n skeleton" the le rner cPu(res the un#erst n#(ng of the le #(ng (#e un#erl!(ng e ch o)en(ng $(thout h *(ng to bur#en h(s +e+or!. Bot onl! th t" he $(ll lso be ble to f(n# correct )l n of #e*elo)+ent $hen confronte# $(th unusu l for+s of o)en(ng. The +ost (+)ort nt result of th(s s!ste+ of te ch(ng (s th t the le rner #oes not lose h(s $ ! (n + Ne of #et (l" but h s (n *(e$ t the *er! outset" the go l $h(ch the + n! )oss(ble * r( t(ons of the o)en(ngs re (nten#e# to re ch. Before . coul# )rocee# to the #(scuss(on of the +(##le g +e" . foun# (t necess r! to tre t of the )r(nc()les go*ern(ng the EB,F GA9E. 1or (n +ost c ses )l ! (n the +(##le g +e (s (nfluence# b! en#Fg +e cons(#er t(ons. Here lso (t h s been +! en#e *our s f r s )oss(ble to re#uce +! subject to such )r(nc()les s re gener ll! ))l(c ble. 1(n ll!" s reg r#s the 9.,,%E GA9E" to $h(ch the $hole of P rt .. (s #e*ote#" . h *e g (n + #e the h n#l(ng of ) $ns" the h r#est of ll )roble+s of str teg!" the st rt(ngF)o(nt for +! #el(ber t(ons. . h *e sho$n t length ho$ the * r(ous )l ns (n(t( te# b! the * r(ous o)en(ngs shoul# be #e*elo)e# further. To ensure thorough un#erst n#(ng of the +(##le g +e" . h *e g(*en l rge nu+ber of g +es t ken fro+ + ster )l !" $(th nu+erous n# extens(*e notes. Thus the stu#ent h s not to rel! onl! on ex +)les t ken h )h N r# fro+ the(r context" but he $(ll t the s +e t(+e see ho$ +(##leFg +e )os(t(ons" $h(ch g(*e o))ortun(t(es for s)ec( l for+s of tt ck" re e*ol*e# fro+ the o)en(ng. .t h s been +! #es(re to + ke the subject e s(l! un#erst n# ble P ge >

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt n# t the s +e t(+e entert (n(ng" n# to ))e l less to the +e+or! of +! re #ers th n to the(r co++on sense n# (ntell(gence. . ho)e (n th t $ ! not to h *e str !e# too f r fro+ the (#e l . h # (n +(n# $hen $r(t(ng th(s book" n +el!" to ))l! to chess the onl! +etho# of te ch(ng $h(ch h s )ro*e# )ro#uct(*e (n ll br nches of sc(ence n# rt" th t (s" the e#uc t(on of (n#(*(#u l thought. .f . h *e succee#e# (n th(s" . sh ll h *e the s t(sf ct(on of h *(ng contr(bute# l(ttle to the further(ng" (n the $(#e c(rcles (n $h(ch (t (s )l !e#" of the g +e $h(ch un#oubte#l! + kes the strongest ))e l to the (ntellect. E,0AR, %ASKER.

PART .

CHAPTER . .BTR@,ACT@RY .. RA%ES @1 THE GA9E A GA9E of chess (s )l !e# b! t$o o))onents on sPu re bo r# cons(st(ng of s(xt!Ffour 0h(te n# Bl ck sPu res rr nge# ltern tel!. The forces on e ch s(#e co+)r(se s(xteen un(ts" n +el! K(ng" Kueen" t$o Rooks" t$o B(sho)s" t$o Kn(ghts" n# e(ght P $ns. All un(ts +o*e ccor#(ng to #(fferent l $s" n# the #(fference (n the(r +ob(l(t! (s the cr(ter(on of the(r rel t(*e * lue n# of the f(ght(ng )o$er the! contr(bute to$ r#s ch(e*(ng the ult(+ te (+" n +el!" the c )ture of the o))os(ng K(ng. Before . c n ex)l (n $h t (s +e nt b! the c )ture of the K(ng" . +ust set out the rules of the g +e (n full. ,( gr + 3 sho$s the )os(t(on the forces t ke u) for the contest. The bo r# (s so )l ce# th t there (s $h(te sPu re t the to) leftFh n# corner. The Rooks t ke u) the(r )os(t(ons t the corner sPu res" n# next to the+ the Kn(ghts. Bext to those g (n re the B(sho)s" n# (n the centre the K(ng n# Kueen" the 0h(te Kueen on 0h(te sPu re" n# the Bl ck Kueen on Bl ck sPu re. The e(ght ) $ns occu)! the r nks (++e#( tel! (n front of the )(eces. 1ro+ th(s (n(t( l )os(t(on" 0h(te beg(ns the g +e (n $h(ch the )l !ers +ust +o*e ltern tel!. The )(eces +o*e (n the follo$(ng $ !7 The Rook c n +o*e fro+ n! sPu re (t h ))ens to be on" to n! other sPu re $h(ch (t c n re ch (n str (ght l(ne" e(ther )er)en#(cul rl! or hor(Nont ll!" unless there (s nother )(ece of the s +e colour (n the $ !" (n $h(ch c se (t c n onl! +o*e s f r s the sPu re (++e#( tel! (n front of th t )(ece. .f (t (s n o))os(ng )(ece $h(ch blocks the $ !" he c n +o*e on to the sPu re th t )(ece occu)(es" thereb! c )tur(ng (t. The )(ece thus c )ture# (s re+o*e# fro+ the bo r#. The B(sho) c n o)er te long e(ther of the #( gon ls of $h(ch the sPu re on $h(ch he (s st n#(ng for+s ) rt. A B(sho) on 0h(te sPu re c n there fore ne*er get on to Bl ck one. P ge 5

M 5 > = ; O ' 3

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF S &R S &KtS &B S &K S &K S &B S &KtS &R S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S &P S &P S &P S &P S &P S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S LP S LP S LP S LP S LP S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S LR S LKtS LB S LK S LK S LB S LKtS LR S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF b c # e f g h ,.AG. 3.

The Kueen co++ n#s both the str (ght n# the obl(Pue l(nes $h(ch st rt fro+ the sPu re she st n#s on" n# therefore un(tes the )o$er of both Rook n# B(sho) (n her +o*e+ents. The K(ng h s s(+(l r )o$ers to the Kueen" but curt (le#" (n s+uch s he c n onl! +o*e one ste) t t(+e. He therefore onl! controls one ne(ghbour(ng sPu re (n n! #(rect(on. The Kn(ght )l !s n# c )tures ltern tel! on 0h(te n# Bl ck sPu res" n# onl! re ches such sPu res s re ne rest to h(+ $(thout be(ng (++e#( tel! #j centQ h(s +o*e (s s (t $ere co+)ose# of t$o ste)s" one sPu re (n str (ght l(ne" n# one (n n obl(Pue #(rect(on. ,( gr + ' $(ll (llustr te th(s. <1ootnote7 . shoul# l(ke to Puote +! fr(en# 9r. 8ohn H rt's cle*er #ef(n(t(on of the Kn(ght's +o*e" though (t + ! not be ne$. .f one conce(*es Kn(ght s st n#(ng on corner sPu re of rect ngle three sPu res b! t$o" he (s ble to +o*e (nto the corner #( gon ll! o))os(te.? The ) $ns onl! +o*e str (ght for$ r#" one sPu re t t(+e" exce)t t the(r f(rst +o*e" $hen the! h *e the o)t(on of +o*(ng t$o sPu res. .n contr st to the )(eces" the ) $ns #o not c )ture (n the $ ! the! +o*e. The! +o*e str (ght for$ r#" but the! c )ture #( gon ll! to the r(ght n# left" g (n onl! one sPu re" n# onl! for$ r#. Therefore ) $n c n onl! c )ture such )(eces or ) $ns s occu)! sPu res of the s +e colour s the sPu re on $h(ch (t st n#s. .f" (n +o*(ng t$o sPu res" ) $n tr *erses sPu re on $h(ch (t coul# h *e been c )ture# b! host(le ) $n" th t ) $n h s the r(ght to c )ture (t" s (f (t h # +o*e# onl! one sPu re. Th(s (s c lle# c )tur(ng EB PASSABT. Ho$e*er" th(s c )ture c n onl! be effecte# on the *er! next +o*e" other$(se the )r(*(lege of c )tur(ng en ) ss nt (s lost. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S S / S S / S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S / S S S S / S S P ge M

; O ' 3

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S S S S S LKtS S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S S S / S S S S / S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S S S S / S S / S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S S S S S S S S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. '.

.f )l !er succee#s (n re ch(ng the e(ghth r nk $(th one of h(s ) $ns he (s ent(tle# to c ll for n! )(ece of h(gher gr #e" $(th the exce)t(on of the K(ng" (n )l ce of such ) $n. E ch +o*e (n g +e of chess cons(sts of the #(s)l ce+ent of one )(ece onl!" $(th the exce)t(on of $h t (s ter+e# -c stl(ng"- (n $h(ch the K(ng n# e(ther Rook c n be +o*e# s(+ult neousl! b! e(ther )l !er once (n g +e. .n c stl(ng" the K(ng +o*es s(#e$ !s to the next sPu re but one" n# the Rook to $h(ch the K(ng (s +o*e# (s )l ce# on the sPu re $h(ch the K(ng h s sk())e# o*er. C stl(ng (s onl! llo$e# (f ne(ther the K(ng nor the Rook concerne# h *e +o*e# before" n# (f there (s no )(ece bet$een the Rook n# K(ng. ,( gr + O sho$s )os(t(on (n $h(ch 0h(te h s c stle# on the Kueen's s(#e" n# Bl ck on the K(ng's s(#e. C stl(ng (s not )er+(tte# (f the K(ng (n c stl(ng +ust ) ss o*er sPu re tt cke# b! host(le )(ece. A sPu re Hor )(eceI (s s (# to be - tt cke#- $hen the sPu re Hor the )(eceI (s (n the l(ne of ct(on of host(le un(t. A sPu re Hor )(eceI (s s (# to be co*ere# or )rotecte# (f n o))os(ng )(ece occu)!(ng th t sPu re Hor c )tur(ng the )(eceI coul# (tself be c )ture#. 0hen tt ck(ng the K(ng (t (s custo+ r! to c ll -check"- to not(f! the o))onent of the f ctQ for the tt ck on the K(ng FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S S &R S S &R S &K S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S &P S S S S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S &P S S &P S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S LP S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S LP S S S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S LK S LR S S S S LR S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. O. +ust be +et (n so+e $ ! or other. Th(s c n be #one b! c )tur(ng the tt cker or b! (nter)os(ng )(ece Hth(s (s not )oss(ble (n c se of tt ck b! Kn(ght or ) $nI" or l stl! b! +o*(ng the P ge 4

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt K(ng to sPu re $h(ch (s not tt cke#. The l tter +ust not be #one b! c stl(ng. .f (t (s (+)oss(ble b! n! of the three +etho#s bo*e +ent(one# to *o(# the tt ck u)on the K(ng" the K(ng (s s (# to be check+ te#" n# the g +e (s en#e#. .f K(ng (s un ble to +o*e" though not tt cke#" n# none of h(s re+ (n(ng )(eces c n +o*e" the K(ng (s s (# to be st leF+ te#" n# the g +e (s #r $n. A g +e (s lso #r $n $hen ne(ther s(#e h s suff(c(ent + ter( l left to enforce + te. HCo+) re ) ge >O.I .f )l !er res(gns h(s g +e before he (s ctu ll! + te#" he ckno$le#ges th t (n the en# + te (s un *o(# ble" n# the g +e (s counte# s loss to h(+. A g +e (s null n# *o(# (f (t (s sho$n th t +(st ke $ s + #e (n sett(ng the bo r# or +en. The s +e ))l(es $hen (n the course of the g +e the )os(t(on n# nu+ber of )(eces h *e been ltere# (n + nner not (n ccor# nce $(th the )ro)er course of )l !" n# the l tter c nnot be reFconstructe# fro+ the )o(nt $here the error $ s + #e. .f )l !er h *(ng the +o*e touches one of h(s )(eces he (s un#er co+)uls(on to +o*e (tQ (f he touches host(le )(ece he +ust c )ture (t" )ro*(#e# th t the )(ece c n be )ro)erl! +o*e# or c )ture# (n e(ther c se. Th(s rule (s of no effect (f the )(ece so touche# c nnot be +o*e# or c )ture#" s the c se + ! be. So long s the h n# h s not left the )(ece to be +o*e#" the l tter c n be )l ce# on n! ccess(ble sPu re. .f )l !er touches )(ece $(th the sole object of #just(ng (ts )os(t(on" he +ust ))r(se h(s o))onent of h(s (ntent(on b! s !(ng -8' #oubebeforeh n#. .t (s best to +o*e the K(ng f(rst $hen c stl(ng. .f the Rook (s +o*e# f(rst" n# unless the K(ng (s )l !e# l+ost s(+ult neousl!" #oubt +(ght r(se $hether c stl(ng or Rook's +o*e onl! $ s (nten#e#. .f )l !er h s c stle# (lleg ll!" Rook n# K(ng +ust be +o*e# b ck" n# the K(ng +ust + ke nother +o*e" (f there (s leg l one. .f not" n! other +o*e c n be )l !e#. A )l !er $ho + kes n (lleg l +o*e $(th )(ece +ust retr ct th t +o*e" n# + ke nother one (f )oss(ble $(th the s +e )(ece. .f the +(st ke (s onl! not(ce# l ter on" the g +e shoul# be rest rte# fro+ the )os(t(on (n $h(ch the error occurre#. ... B@TAT.@B A s)ec( l not t(on h s been #o)te# to + ke the stu#! of g +es n# )os(t(ons )oss(ble" n# (t (s necess r! for stu#ents of the g +e to beco+e thoroughl! con*ers nt $(th (t. The or(g(n l n# e rl(est not t(on (s st(ll (n use (n Engl(sh" 1rench" n# S) n(sh s)e k(ng countr(es. .t (s #er(*e# fro+ the or(g(n l )os(t(on (n the g +e" (n th t the sPu res t ke the n +es of the )(eces $h(ch occu)! the+. Thus the corner sPu res re c lle# R 3 HRook's sPu re or Rook's f(rstI" n# to #(st(ngu(sh the+ fro+ one nother KR3 or KR 3 HKueen's or K(ng's Rook's sPu reI. The sPu res (++e#( tel! (n front re c lle# KR' or KR'. A #(st(nct(on (s + #e bet$een 0h(te n# Bl ck" n# 0h(te's R 3 (s Bl ck's R M" Bl ck's R ' (s 0h(te's R 5" 0h(te's K B O (s Bl ck's KB>" n# so on. K st n#s for K(ngQ K for KueenQ B for B(sho)Q Kt for Kn(ghtQ R for RookQ n# P for P $n. .n #escr(b(ng c )ture" onl! the c )tur(ng n# the c )ture# )(eces re +ent(one#" n# not the sPu res. P ge 3:

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt 0hen confus(on (s )oss(ble" (t (s custo+ r! to ## $hether K(ng's s(#e or Kueen's s(#e )(eces re concerne#" e.g. KRx K Kt. .n th(s not t(on (t (s necess r! to be r (n +(n# $h(ch Kt (s the K Kt" $h(ch R (s the KR. Th(s beco+es (ncre s(ngl! #(ff(cult s the g +e goes on n# )(eces ch nge the(r )l ces. 9 n! sets of chess+en h *e one Rook n# one Kn(ght st +)e# $(th s)ec( l s(gn" to sho$ the! re K(ng's s(#e )(eces. Th(s (s not necess r! (n the c se of B(sho)s7 $h(te KB(s l$ !s on $h(te sPu res" $h(te KBon bl ck sPu res. A +ore +o#ern not t(on (s the lgebr (c not t(on" $h(ch h s been #o)te# (n +ost countr(es. .t h s the #* nt ge of be(ng un+(st k bl! cle r" n# lso +ore conc(se. Here the )er)en#(cul r l(nes of sPu res Hc lle# f(lesI re n +e# $(th the letters Fh" fro+ left to r(ght" l$ !s fro+ the )o(nt of *(e$ of 0h(te" n# the hor(Nont l l(nes of sPu res Hc lle# r nksI $(th nu+bers 3FM s before" onl! $(th the #(st(nct(on th t the r nk on $h(ch the 0h(te )(eces st n# (s l$ !s c lle# the f(rstQ thus the sPu re $e n +e# 0h(te's KB' or Bl ck's KB5 (s no$ c lle# c' (n both c ses. Bl ck's KB' H0h(te's KB5I (s l$ !s c5. .n c )tur(ng" the sPu re on $h(ch the c )ture t kes )l ce n# not the )(ece c )ture# (s note#" for the s ke of un(for+(t!. .n the c se of ) $n +o*es" the sPu res onl! re note#. @FF@ st n#s for c stles on the K(ng's s(#eQ @FF@FF@ st n#s for c stles on the Kueen's s(#eQ 7 or x st n#s for c )turesQ T for check. .n the follo$(ng o)en(ng +o*es" both not t(ons )ur)ose of co+) r(son7 3. '. O. ;. =. >. 5. M. PFK ; PFKB; KtFKBO PxKP PFK; PFK= BFFKKt= K KtFK' PFK; PFKO PFKB; KPxP KPxP KtFKBO BFK' C stles 3. '. O. ;. =. >. 5. M. #; c; KtcO c#7 e; #= Bg= Ktge' re use# for the

#= e> c= e#7 #e7 Ktf> Be5 @FF@

.n +ost books (n $h(ch the lgebr (c not t(on (s use#" both sPu res of +o*e re $r(tten out for the benef(t of the stu#ent. The +o*es bo*e $oul# then look l(ke th(s7 3. '. O. ;. =. >. 5. M. #'F#; c'Fc; Ktb3FcO C; x #= e'Fe; #;F#= Bc3Fg= Ktg3Fe' #5F#= e5Fe> c5Fc= e>x#= #=xe; KtgMFf> BfMFe 5 @FF@

To conclu#e7 . $(ll g(*e the #eno+(n t(on of the )(eces (n * r(ous l ngu ges7 Engl(sh .............. 1rench .............. S) n(sh .............. Ger+ n n# Austr( n .. .t l( n .............. Russ( n .............. ,utch ................ K R R K R KP K K , , , , 1 , R T T T T % T B 1 A % A C % Kt P C stles C P RoP C P Enrog S @F@ H@I C @F@ H@I K @F@ H@I P @F@ H@I P ge 33

Sc n#(n *( n ......... K Bohe+( n ............. K Hung r( n ............ K

, , 2

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt T % S @F@ H@I 2 S 8 @F@ H@I B 1 H @F@ H@I

CHAPTER .. H.BTS 1@R BEG.BBERSFFE%E9EBTARY C@9B.BAT.@BS

THE +ent l #e*elo)+ent of the chess )l !er (s gr #u l struggle fro+ st te of ch os to cle r conce)t(on of the g +e. The )er(o# rePu(re# for such #e*elo)+ent l rgel! #e)en#s u)on the s)ec( l g(fts the le rner + ! )ossess" but (n the + (n the Puest(on of +etho#s )re#o+(n tes. 9ost beg(nners #o not trouble *er! +uch bout n! ) rt(cul r )l n (n the(r stu#! of chess" but s soon s the! h *e le rnt the +o*es" rush (nto the tur+o(l of )r ct(c l )l !. .t (s selfFe*(#ent th t the(r )ros)ects un#er such con#(t(ons c nnot be *er! br(ght. The )l ! of beg(nner (s )l nless" bec use he h s too + n! )l ns" n# the c ) c(t! for subor#(n t(ng ll h(s co+b(n t(ons to one le #(ng (#e (s nonF ex(stent. Yet (t c nnot be #en(e# u)on (n*est(g t(on th t cert (n k(n# of +etho# (s to be foun# (n the )l ! of ll beg(nners" n# see+s to co+e to the+ Pu(te n tur ll!. At f(rst the ) $ns re )ushe# for$ r# fr nt(c ll!" bec use there (s no ))rec( t(on of the )o$er n# * lue of the )(eces. Consc(ous of the (nfer(or(t! of the ) $ns" the beg(nner #oes not conclu#e th t (t +ust be #* nt geous to e+)lo! the gre ter )o$er of the )(eces" but (s ch(efl! concerne# $(th tt ck(ng the o))os(ng )(eces $(th h(s ) $ns (n the ho)e of c )tur(ng the+. H(s (+ (s not to #e*elo) h(s o$n forces" but to $e ken those of h(s o))onent. H(s co+b(n t(ons re + #e (n the ho)e th t h(s #*ers r! + ! not see through the+" nor #oes he trouble +uch bout h(s o))onent's (ntent(ons. 0hen +ost of h(s ) $ns re gone" then onl! #o h(s )(eces get the(r ch nce. He h s gre t l(k(ng for the Kueen n# the Kn(ght" the for+er bec use of her tre+en#ous +ob(l(t!" the l tter on ccount of h(s )ecul( r ste)" $h(ch see+s ) rt(cul rl! # )te# to t ke the ene+! b! sur)r(se. 0hen $ tch(ng beg(nners !ou $(ll frePuentl! obser*e nu+berless +o*es b! )er() tet(c Kueen" reckless (ncurs(ons b! Kn(ght (nto the ene+!'s c +)" n# $hen the other )(eces jo(n (n the fr !" co+b(n t(on follo$s co+b(n t(on (n be$(l#er(ng sePuence n# f nt st(c ch os. C )tures of )(eces re )l nne#" + t(ng nets re $o*en" )erh )s $(th t$o )(eces" g (nst K(ng's )os(t(on" $here f(*e )(eces re * (l ble for #efence. Th(s unste #(ness (n the f(rst ch(l#(sh st ges of #e*elo)+ent + kes (t *er! #(ff(cult for the beg(nner to get gener l *(e$ of the bo r#. Yet the sur)r(ses $h(ch e ch +o*e br(ngs ffor# h(+ gre t enjo!+ent. A fe$ #oNen such g +es re b! no +e ns $ ste#. After cert (n ) rt(cul r #(s)os(t(ons of )(eces h *e )ro*e# h(s un#o(ng" the beg(nner $(ll #e*elo) the )erce)t(on of thre ts. He sees # ngers one or t$o +o*es he #" n# thereb! re ches the secon# st ge (n h(s #e*elo)+ent. H(s co+b(n t(ons $(ll beco+e +ore n# +ore soun#" he $(ll le rn to * lue h(s forces +ore correctl!" n# therefore to husb n# h(s )(eces n# e*en h(s ) $ns $(th gre ter c re. .n th(s secon# st ge h(s strength $(ll (ncre se ste #(l!" but" n# th(s (s the #r $b ck" onl! s f r s h(s )o$er of co+b(n t(on (s concerne#. Anless )l !er be exce)t(on ll! g(fte#" he $(ll onl! le rn fter P ge 3'

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt !e rs of )r ct(ce" (f t ll" $h t + ! be ter+e# -)os(t(on l )l !.- 1or th t" (t (s necess r! to kno$ ho$ to o)en g +e so s to l ! the foun# t(on for f *our ble +(##le g +e" n# ho$ to tre t +(##le g +e" $(thout los(ng s(ght of the )oss(b(l(t(es of the en#Fg +e. .t (s ho)eless to tr! to +e+or(se the * r(ous o)en(ngs $h(ch n l!s(s h *e )ro*e# correct" for th(s e+)(r(c l +etho# f (ls s soon s the o))onent s$er*es fro+ the recogn(se# l(nes of )l !. @ne +ust le rn to recogn(se the ch r cter(st(cs of soun# )l !. The! ))l! to ll n# n! )os(t(on" n# the un#erl!(ng )r(nc()les +ust be )ro)oun#e# (n + nner gener ll! ))l(c ble. An# th(s br(ngs +e to the subst nce of +! subject" roun# $h(ch . $(ll en#e *our to bu(l# u) s!ste+ co+) t(ble $(th co++on sense n# log(c. Before . )rocee# to #e*elo) +! the+e" . sh ll set #o$n nu+ber of ele+ent r! rules $h(ch $(ll f c(l(t te the un#erst n#(ng of such s(+)le co+b(n t(ons s occur t e*er! ste) (n chess. .f $e (gnore the co+) r t(*el! s+ ll )ro)ort(on of g +es (n $h(ch the + t(ng of the o))onent's K(ng (s cco+)l(she# on full bo r#" $e c n #escr(be nor+ l" *er ge g +e of chess (n the follo$(ng $ !. Both s(#es $(ll e+)lo! the(r * (l ble forces +ore or less #* nt geousl! to execute tt ck(ng n# #efens(*e + noeu*res $h(ch shoul# gr #u ll! le # to exch nges. .f one s(#e or the other e+erges fro+ the confl(ct $(th so+e + ter( l g (n" (t $(ll gener ll! be )oss(ble to force + te (n the en#Fg +e" $h(lst (f both s(#es h *e succee#e# b! c reful )l ! to )reser*e ePu l(t! of + ter( l" #r $ $(ll gener ll! ensue. .t $(ll be foun# l(ttle l ter th t s(ngle ) $n + ! suff(ce" $(th so+e fe$ exce)t(ons" to ch(e*e *(ctor!" n# $e sh ll #o)t the follo$(ng le #(ng )r(nc()le for ll co+b(n t(ons" *(N. loss of + ter( l +ust be *o(#e#" e*en (f onl! ) $n. .t (s goo# h b(t to look u)on e*er! ) $n s )ros)ect(*e Kueen. Th(s h s sober(ng (nfluence on )re+ ture n# (+)etuous )l ns of tt ck. @n the other h n#" *(ctor! (s often brought s cr(f(ce of + ter( l. bout b! t(+el!

But (n such c ses the s cr(f(c(ng of + ter( l h s (ts co+)ens t(on (n so+e ) rt(cul r #* nt ge of )os(t(on. As )r(nc()les of )os(t(on re #(ff(cult for beg(nners to gr s)" . )ro)ose to #efer the(r cons(#er t(on for the )resent n# to #e*ote +! ttent(on f(rst to such co+b(n t(ons s (n*ol*e Puest(ons of + ter( l. %et us + ster s(+)le #e*(ce th t + kes +ost co+b(n t(ons e s! both for tt ck n# #efence. .t +ounts +erel! to + tter of ele+ent r! r(th+et(c" n# (f the beg(nner neglects (t" he $(ll soon be t + ter( l #(s #* nt ge. ,( gr + ; + ! ser*e s n ex +)le7

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S S S &R S S S &K S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S &P S &K S &KtS &R S S &P S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S &KtS &B S &P S S S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S S S LP S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS P ge 3O

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt O S S LP S S LKtS S LKtS S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LB S S LK S LR S S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S S LR S S LK S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. ;. .t (s Bl ck's +o*e" n# $e $(ll su))ose he $(shes to )l ! PFK;. A beg(nner $(ll )rob bl! c lcul te thus7 . )ush on +! ) $n" he t kes $(th h(s ) $n" +! Kn(ght t kes" so #oes h(s" then +! B(sho) t kes" n# so on. Th(s (s Pu(te $rong" n# +e ns $ ste of t(+e n# energ!. 0hen the beg(nner cons(#ers th(r# or fourth +o*e (n such co+b(n t(on" he $(ll lre #! h *e forgotten $h(ch )(eces he (nten#e# to )l ! (n the f(rst +o*es. The c lcul t(on (s )erfectl! s(+)le u)on the follo$(ng l(nes7 . )l ! PFK;" then +! ) $n (s tt cke# b! ) $n n# t$o Kn(ghts" B(sho) n# t$o Rooks" s(x t(+es (n ll. .t (s su))orte# b! B(sho)" t$o Kn(ghts" t$o Rooks n# Kueen" s(x t(+es (n ll. Therefore . c n )l ! PFK;" )ro*(#e# the s(x un(ts c )ture# t K; re not of gre ter * lue th n the s(x $h(te un(ts $h(ch re rec )ture#. .n the )resent (nst nce both s(#es lose ) $n" t$o Kn(ghts" t$o Rooks" n# B(sho)" n# there (s no + ter( l loss. Th(s est bl(she#" he c n e+b rk on the #* nce of the KP $(thout n! fe r. Therefore7 (n n! co+b(n t(on $h(ch (nclu#es nu+ber of exch nges on one sPu re" ll !ou h *e to #o (s to count the nu+ber of tt ck(ng n# #efen#(ng un(ts" n# to co+) re the(r rel t(*e * luesQ the l tter +ust ne*er be forgotten. .f Bl ck $ere to )l ! KtxP (n the follo$(ng )os(t(on" bec use the ) $n t K = (s tt cke# three t(+es" n# onl! su))orte# t$(ce" (t $oul# be n ob*(ous +(sc lcul t(on" for the * lue of the #efen#(ng )(eces (s s+ ller. <1ootnote7 .t (s #(ff(cult to co+) re the rel t(*e * lue of the #(fferent )(eces" s so +uch #e)en#s on the )ecul( r(t(es of e ch )os(t(on" but" gener ll! s)e k(ng" +(nor )(eces" B(sho) n# Kn(ght" re reckone# s ePu lQ the Rook s ePu l to +(nor )(ece n# one or t$o ) $ns Hto h *e Rook g (nst +(nor )(ece" (s to be the -exch ngehe #I. The Kueen (s ePu l to t$o Rooks or three +(nor )(eces.? FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S S S &R S S &K S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S S &P S S &R S S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S &P S S&Kt S S &P S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S S LP S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S LP S S S SLKt S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S LB S S S S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S LR S S LK S S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H P ge 3;

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt ,( g. =. Chess $oul# be n e s! g +e (f ll co+b(n t(ons coul# be teste# n# )robe# exh ust(*el! b! the + the+ t(c l )rocess just sho$n. But $e sh ll f(n# th t the co+)l(c t(ons +et $(th re extre+el! * r(e#. To g(*e the beg(nner n (#e of th(s" . $(ll +ent(on fe$ of the +ore frePuent ex +)les. .t $(ll be seen th t the c lcul t(on + ! be" n# *er! frePuentl! FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S &R S S S &R S &K S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S S S S S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S &P S &B S LR S S&Kt S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S &P S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S S LP S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S LB S LP S S SLKt S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S S LP S S S S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S S LR S S LK S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. >. (s" u)set b! one of the )(eces (n*ol*e# be(ng exch nge# or s cr(f(ce#. An ex +)le of th(s (s foun# (n ,( gr + >Q KtxP FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S S S S S S &P S &K S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S &B S &P S S S S S S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S &P S LP S&Kt S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S LP S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S S SLKt S S LB S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S S S S S S S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LK S S S S S S S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 5. f (ls on ccount of R G BQ th(s le *es the Kn(ght un)rotecte#" n# 0h(te $(ns t$o )(eces for h(s Rook. Be(ther c n the B(sho) c )ture on K= bec use of R G Kt. le *(ng the B(sho) un)rotecte#" fter $h(ch BxKt #oes not retr(e*e the s(tu t(on bec use the Rook rec )tures fro+ B>. A secon# (+)ort nt c se" (n $h(ch our s(+)le c lcul t(on (s of no * (l" occurs (n )os(t(on $here one of the #efen#(ng )(eces (s force# $ ! b! thre t" the e* s(on of $h(ch (s +ore (+)ort nt P ge 3=

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt th n the c )ture of the un(t (t #efen#s. .n ,( gr + 5" for (nst nce" Bl ck + ! not )l ! KtxP" bec use 0h(te" b! )l !(ng PF K>" $oul# force the B(sho) to Kt; or B3" to )re*ent the ) $n fro+ Kueen(ng n# the Kn(ght $oul# be lost. A further ex +)le of the s +e t!)e (s g(*en (n ,( gr + M. Here )ecul( r + t(ng thre t" $h(ch occurs not FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S &B S S &K S &R S S &K S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S S S S&Kt S S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S &P SLKt S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S LR S SLKt S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S LK S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S S S S S S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S S S S LK S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. M. (nfrePuentl! (n )r ct(c l )l !" kee)s the Bl ck Kueen t(e# to her KB' n# un * (l ble for the )rotect(on of the B t B.. 0h(te $(ns s follo$s7

3. KtxB" KtxKtQ '. RxKt" KxRQ O. KtFB5ch" KFKt3Q ;. KtFR> #ouble ch" KFR3Q = KFKtMch" RxKQ >. KtFB5 + te. 0e $(ll no$ go ste) further n# turn fro+ - cute- co+b(n t(ons to such co+b(n t(ons s re" s (t $ere" (+)en#(ng. Here" too" . urgentl! reco++en# beg(nners H #* nce# )l !ers #o (t s + tter of courseI to )rocee# b! $ ! of s(+)le r(th+et(c l c lcul t(ons" but" (nste # of enu+er t(ng the tt ck(ng n# #efen#(ng )(eces" to count the nu+ber of )oss(b(l(t(es of tt ck n# #efence. %et us cons(#er fe$ t!)(c l ex +)les. .n ,( gr + 4" (f Bl ck )l !s PFK=" he +ust f(rst h *e )robe# the )os(t(on (n the follo$(ng $ !. The ) $n t K= (s tt cke# once n# su))orte# once to st rt $(th" n# c n be tt cke# b! three +ore 0h(te un(ts (n three +ore +o*es H3. RFK3" '. RHB'IFK'" O. BFB'I Bl ck c n lso +ob(l(se three +ore un(ts for the #efence (n the s +e nu+ber of +o*es H3. KtFB; or KO" '. BFKt'" O. RFK3I. There (s" consePuentl!" no (++e#( te # nger" nor (s there n!th(ng to fe r for so+e t(+e to co+e" s 0h(te h s no other )(ece $h(ch coul# tt ck the ) $n for the f(fth t(+e. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S S S &R S &B S &K S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S &P S S &R S S S&Kt S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S S S S S &P S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S &P S S S S S P ge 3>

; O ' 3

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S S LP S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S LP SLKt S S S S LP S LB S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S S S LR S S S S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S S S LR S S S S LK S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 4.

.t $oul# be ob*(ousl! $rong to +o*e the ) $n to K> fter 0h(te's RFK3" bec use 0h(te coul# br(ng nother t$o )(eces to be r on the P" the other Rook n# the Kn(ght" $h(lst Bl ck h s onl! one +ore )(ece * (l ble for the #efence" n +el!" h(s Rook. The follo$(ng ex +)les sho$ t!)(c l )os(t(ons" (n $h(ch s(+)le c lcul t(on (s co+)l(c te# b! s(#e (ssues. .n ,( gr + 3:" the )o(nt of tt ck" n +el!" the Bl ck Kn(ght t KBO" c n be su))orte# b! s + n! Bl ck un(ts s 0h(te c n br(ng u) for the tt ck" but the #efens(*e eff(c(enc! of one of Bl ck's )(eces (s (llusor!" bec use (t c n be t ken b! 0h(te )(ece. The )l n $oul# be s follo$s7 0h(te thre tens Bl ck's Kn(ght for the th(r# t(+e $(th KtFK;" n# Bl ck +ust re)l! KKtFK'" bec use co*er(ng $(th RFKO $oul# cost the -exch nge"- s $(ll ))e r fro+ co+) r(son of the * lue of the )(eces concerne#. The -exch nge(s" ho$e*er" lost for Bl ck on the next +o*e" bec use FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S &KtS &B S &K S &R S S &K S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S &P S &P S S S &P S &B S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S &P S S S &P S S &KtS &P S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S LKtS &P S S LB S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S LP S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S LB S S S LP S S LKtS S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S LP S S S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S S S LK S S LR S LK S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 3: 0h(te's further tt ck on the Kn(ght b! KFBO forces the Rook to #efen# on KO" $here (t gets (nto the #( gon l of the B(sho)" $h(ch t )resent (s + ske# b! 0h(te's Kn(ght. The sePuel $oul# be O. KKtxKtch" RxKt Hnot BxKt on ccount of BxR $(nn(ng $hole RookI" ;. BxR" n# so on. A s(+(l r c se (s sho$n (n ,( gr + 33. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S &K S &P S &KtS S S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS P ge 35

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt > S S &P S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S LKtS S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S S S LB S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S LP S S LP S S S LP S LP S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S &B S S S S S S S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S S S S LK S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 33 Here" too" there (s fl $ (n the s(+)le c lcul t(on" bec use the #efen#(ng un(ts re not secure. Beg(nners shoul# #e*ote s)ec( l ttent(on to th(s )os(t(on" $h(ch (s (n )r ct(ce of frePuent occurrence. .t c n be e s(l! )erce(*e# th t the B(sho) c nnot c )ture the ) $n t B5 on ccount of PFKRO. But to t ke $(th the Kn(ght $oul# lso be n error" bec use Bl ck $oul# then kee) ch s(ng $ ! the co*er(ng B(sho). 3. PFKt;Q '. BFK>" KFBOQ O. KtFKM" BFB'Q )(eces. n# $(ns one of the

1(n ll!" one +ore ex +)le" (n $h(ch one of the #efen#(ng )(eces be(ng )(nne# + kes s(+)le c lcul t(on (+)r ct(c ble. .n ,( gr + 3' (t see+s t f(rst s(ght s (f Bl ck coul# )l ! KtxP7 lthough 0h(te c n )(n the Kn(ght $(th RFK3 FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S S &B S S &K S S S &R S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S &P S S S S &KtS &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S &P S &KtS S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S S LP S LKtS S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S S S S S LB S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S S S S S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S LKtS S S S LR S LK S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 3' n# then tt ck (t once +ore $(th h(s Kn(ght" Bl ck $oul# ))e r to h *e suff(c(ent )rotect(on * (l ble" $(th h(s Kt n# B. 0h(te h s no t(+e to #ouble Rooks" bec use (f he #oes so" fter h(s RF K' Bl ck $oul# )l ! the K(ng $ ! fro+ h(s f(le n# llo$ the Kn(ght to esc )e. But 0h(te c n" b! s(+)le s cr(f(ce" br(ng the slu+ber(ng R P ge 3M t

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt R3 (nto su##en ct(on7 3. ... KtxPQ ' RFK3" BFB;Q O. KtFBO" KtFKOQ ;. RxKt" KtxRQ =. RF K3" n# 0h(te $(ns t$o )(eces for h(s Rook. These (llustr t(ons $(ll be suff(c(ent to g(*e the beg(nner n un#erst n#(ng of econo+! of c lcul t(on (n ll k(n#s of co+b(n t(ons. H(s )o$er of co+b(n(ng $(ll gro$ s)ee#(l! on th(s b s(s" n# thr(*e (n the f(re of )r ct(c l ex)er(ence. 0here n o))onent (s +(ss(ng" the g ) +ust be f(lle# b! reference to such books s tre t of the sc(ence of co+b(n t(on n# g(*e ex +)les t ken fro+ ctu l )l !.

CHAPTER ... GEBERA% PR.BC.P%ES @1 CHESS STRATEGY

.n br(ng(ng the te ch(ngs of th(s book un#er the collect(*e he #(ng -Chess Str teg!"- (t $ s not (n n! $ ! +! (ntent(on to #r $ n!th(ng l(ke n ex ct ) r llel bet$een the + noeu*res on the chessFbo r# n# +(l(t r! o)er t(ons (n ctu l $ rf re. .n tr!(ng to seek such n log(es there (s gre t # nger of be(ng le# str !" n# l(ttle l(kel(hoo# of g (n(ng kno$le#ge th t +(ght be of use (n )r ct(c l )l !. Pl (n co++onFsense $(ll g(*e us ll $e nee#" $(thout our be(ng (nfluence# b! those t ct(c l n# str teg(c l cons(#er t(ons th t h *e been foun# useful (n $ r. The follo$(ng #ef(n(t(on + ! not be out of )l ce7 Str teg! sets #o$n the $hole of the )roble+s $h(ch +ust be sol*e# (n $ r" (n or#er to tt (n the ult(+ te result (+e# tQ t ct(cs sol*e such )roble+s (n * r(ous $ !s" n# ccor#(ng to the con#(t(ons )re* (l(ng (n the ) rt(cul r c se. Soun# str teg!" $hen sett(ng the t sk" +ust ne*er lose s(ght of t ct(c l )r ct(c b(l(t!" n# onl! thorough kno$le#ge of t ct(c l resources + kes correct str teg! )oss(ble. Bo$ $e sh ll not un#er n! c(rcu+st nces" s unfortun tel! e*en gre t chess + sters h *e #one" seek (n out$ r# s(+(l r(t(es just(f(c t(on for tr nsferr(ng to chess the te ch(ngs of the str teg! n# t ct(cs of $ r. .t soun#s )rett! enough to s !7 Chess (s g +e of $ rFFthe * r(ous )(eces re)resent the * r(ous k(n#s of forces7 the ) $ns re)resent the (nf ntr!" the Kn(ghts t ke the )l ce of c * lr!" the Rooks #o the $ork of he *! rt(ller!" s$ee)(ng bro # l(nesQ the #(fferent $ !s (n $h(ch the )(eces +o*e f(n# ) r llel (n the to)ogr )h! of the the tre of $ r" (n th t the * r(ous b ttleFf(el#s re +ore or less e s! of ccess. But (t (s Pu(te unjust(f( ble to ss(gn to the Kn(ghts the funct(ons of scouts" n# to s ! th t Rooks shoul# st ! (n the b ckgroun#" s he *! rt(ller!" n# so on. Such )ronounce+ents $oul# not h *e the sl(ghtest )r ct(c l * lue. 0h t $e t ke fro+ the sc(ence of $ rf re (s +erel! the #ef(n(t(on. .n e ch g +e the str teg! of chess shoul# set us the t sks $h(ch +ust be cco+)l(she# H(n or#er to + te the o))onent's K(ngI" n# t ct(cs )o(nt the $ ! (n $h(ch (t (s )oss(ble to sol*e such )roble+s. Correct chess str teg! $(ll onl! set such t sks s re t ct(c ll! )oss(ble" n#" (f $e $(sh to ex)oun# the )r(nc()les of chess str teg!" $e c nnot exclu#e chess t ct(cs fro+ the f(el# of our obser* t(ons. .f here n# there the results of our #el(ber t(ons be r so+e n log! to ctu l $ rf re" $e + ! cert (nl! g(*e $ ! to P ge 34

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt k(n# of esthet(c s t(sf ct(on (n th t our o$n occu) t(on h s so+e ) r llel (n re l l(fe" but $e +ust ne*er f sh(on our )r(nc()les (n ccor# nce $(th such fortu(tous c(rcu+st nces. H *(ng sur*e!e# the )roble+s $e h *e to sol*e" $e c n no$ )lunge (nto our subject. .n the f(rst ch )ter" $hen cons(#er(ng s)ec( l c ses (n ele+ent r! co+b(n t(ons" $e h *e lre #! not(ce# the (+)ort nt ) rt )l !e# (n e ch sk(r+(sh b! the b l nce bet$een the tt ck(ng n# #efen#(ng un(ts. S)e k(ng Pu(te gener ll!" co++onFsense $(ll tell us th t" (n ll o)er t(ons on the chessFbo r#" the + (n cons(#er t(on for the #efence $(ll be to + (nt (n th t b l nce" n# th t there (s onl! just(f(c t(on for n tt ck $hen (t (s )oss(ble to concentr te +ore forces on the str teg(c )o(nt th n c n be +ustere# b! the #efence. Ho$e*er" one *er! (+)ort nt )o(nt +ust not be neglecte#" though . #(# not touch u)on (t $hen #(scuss(ng ele+ent r! co+b(n t(ons for fe r of co+)l(c t(ng + tters for beg(nners7 the b l nce bet$een the conten#(ng forces (s b! no +e ns est bl(she# b! the(r nu+er(c l ePu l(t!. A ) r +ount f ctor (s the +ob(l(t! of such forces" n# s soon s (t (s no longer one of the ele+ent r! c ses of c )ture n# rec )ture #escr(be# )re*(ousl!" th(s f ctor +ust be t ken (nto ccount (n or#er to #ec(#e" on gener l sur*e!" $hether there (s suff(c(ent #efence to n (+)en#(ng tt ck" or $hether one's o$n (nten#e# tt ck (s l(kel! to )re* (l. Th t +ob(l(t! (s the f(rst n# fore+ost cons(#er t(on shoul# be selfFe*(#ent" s(nce the rel t(*e * lue of the )(eces c n onl! + ke (tself felt b! the(r gre ter or lesser +ob(l(t!. Exce)t (n cert (n )os(t(ons" $h(ch re brought bout b! so+e ) rt(cul r rr ! of the )(eces" the (ntr(ns(c * lue of Rook (s gre ter th n th t of B(sho)" bec use (t c n co++ n# ll the sPu res on the bo r#" $h(lst B(sho) (s t(e# to (ts o$n colourQ Kn(ght n# B(sho) re cons(#ere# ePu(* lent" bec use the Kn(ght's #* nt ge (n be(ng ble to ct on ll the sPu res of e(ther colour (s b l nce# b! the f ct th t the B(sho) c n s$ee) long #( gon ls. T$o B(sho)s re" gener ll! s)e k(ng" of gre ter * lue th n t$o Kn(ghts" bec use together the! lso ct on ll the sPu res" n# the(r co++ n# of long #( gon ls (s cle r #* nt ge. The $hole of th(s * lu t(on" ho$e*er" co+es to nought $hen the )(eces re h(n#ere# (n the(r +ob(l(t! b! the )ecul( r(t! of n! ) rt(cul r )os(t(on. 0e $(ll cons(#er one (nst nce fro+ en#Fg +e )l !" the o)en(ngs. .n ,( gr + 3O" 0h(te #er(*es no n# one fro+

#* nt ge fro+ be(ng

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S S S S S S &K S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S &P S S S S &P S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S &P S S &P S S &P S LP S &P S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S LP S S LP S &KtS LP S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S LP S S LR S S S LP S LK S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S S S S S S S S S P ge ':

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S S S S S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 3O the exch nge to the goo#" for the Rook h s no f(le $h(ch coul# be use# to bre k (nto the Bl ck c +). .n ,( gr + 3;" the nu+er(c l ePu l(t! of forces $(ll not s *e Bl ck" bec use b # #e*elo)+ent re#uces the +ob(l(t! of h(s )(eces to such n extent th t he h s no resources $(th $h(ch he c n ) rr! the (+)en#(ng tt ck. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S &K S &R S S &B S S &R S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S &B S S S &K S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S &P S &P S S &P S S S &KtS S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S &P S LP S &P S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S LP S S LP S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S LP S LKtS S LB S LKtS LP S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S S S LK S S LP S LK S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S S S S LR S S S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 3; 0h(te $(ll ss (l the Bl ck K(ng's )os(t(on on the Kueen s(#e" n# Bl ck (s un ble to concentr te h(s forces Pu(ckl! enough for the #efence of the jeo) r#(se# entrench+ents. %et us therefore be r (n +(n# th t the +ob(l(t! of the )(eces (s the #ec(#(ng f ctor of the(r eff(c(enc!" n# th t +ob(l(t! (s the h(ghest cr(ter(on b! $h(ch to ju#ge the +er(ts Hor #e+er(tsI of the(r o)er t(ons. 0e $(ll no$ cons(#er th(s )r(nc()le (n (ts ))l(c t(on to the three st ges of )l !" n +el!" the o)en(ng" the +(##leFg +e" n# the en#(ng.

CHAPTER .2 THE @PEB.BG

The onl! )(eces * (l ble on the f(rst +o*e re the Kn(ghts. .n or#er to #e*elo) other )(eces s $ell" (t (s necess r! to +o*e ) $ns f(rst" n# such ) $n +o*es $(ll be best s g(*e n outlet to s + n! )(eces s )oss(ble. 1or Pu(ck #e*elo)+ent (s of the ut+ost (+)ort nce" n# he $ho succee#s f(rst (n )l c(ng ll h(s )(eces" fro+ the(r (n(t( l $k$ r# )os(t(ons" to such )l ces s g(*e the+ co++ n# of the gre test )oss(ble nu+ber of sPu res" h s P ge '3

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt the better ch nce of concentr t(ng su)er(or force on so+e (+)ort nt )o(nt. .t follo$s th t 0h(te" h *(ng the f(rst +o*e" (s" so to s)e k" l$ !s +or ll! just(f(e# (n tt ck(ng" $h(lst Bl ck shoul# ssu+e the #efens(*e. .t (s ste) (n the r(ght #(rect(on" to ))rec( te the truth of th(s )ro)os(t(on. Anfortun tel! +ost beg(nners f (l to re l(se (t" n# so ) *e the $ !" fro+ the f(rst" to the loss of the g +e. There re not + n! #e*elo)(ng ) $n +o*es to choose fro+. A)) rentl! fro+ the )o(nt of *(e$ of Pu(ck #e*elo)+ent onl! PFK; n# PFK; nee# be cons(#ere#" s(nce the! free both B(sho) n# Kueen" $h(lst other ) $n +o*es l(ber te one )(ece onl!. Gener ll! s)e k(ng (t (s onl! rePu(re# to +o*e t$o or three ) $ns to llo$ ll )(eces to be #e*elo)e#" n# (t (s goo#" on )r(nc()le" to + ke onl! such ) $n +o*es (n the o)en(ng" $h(ch re necess r! for the #e*elo)+ent of )(eces. To )l ! other ) $ns re ll! +e ns the loss of +o*e. To -lose +o*e- +e ns to + ke +o*e $h(ch (s not essent( l to the tt (n+ent of #es(re# )os(t(on. Thus the -loss of +o*e- results lso fro+ )l !(ng )(ece to g(*en sPu re (n +ore +o*es th n necess r!. . sh ll no$ g(*e fe$ g +es sho$(ng the f rFre ch(ng consePuences of los(ng +o*es. The f(rst one (s t!)(c l though gl r(ng ex +)le" $h(ch (s *er! (nstruct(*e n# c +e to +! not(ce so+e t(+e go7 3. '. O. ;. =. PFK; PFK; KxP KFKO PFKROU PFK; PxP KtFKBO KtFBO

. $(ll not #(scuss the s!ste+ of #e*elo)+ent #o)te# b! 0h(te (n h(s f(rst four +o*es. The l st +o*e" ho$e*er" c n t once be recogn(se# s f ult!. .t (s the loss of +o*e such s occurs (n the * st + jor(t! of g +es )l !e# b! beg(nners. .t $ s unnecess r! to )re*ent KKtFKt=" s(nce the Kn(ght coul# not hol# th t sPu re )er+ nentl!. .n n! c se BFK' $oul# h *e h # the s +e effect" n# #e*elo)e# )(ece t the s +e t(+e. =. ... >. PFKROUU BFK'

Th(s" of course" (s *er! b #. The consePuences of th(s loss of secon# +o*e re s$(ft n# #e #l!. >. ... 5. BFB; At l st #e*elo)(ng +o*e. 5. ... M. KFKKtO RFK3 C stles

Another Kueen's +o*e. The tt ck on the B(sho)'s P $n + ! be *er! te+)t(ng" but +ust necess r(l! be (ncorrectFF n# $h!U Bec use 0h(te (s +uch beh(n# $(th h(s #e*elo)+ent. .t (s useless to n l!se n! k(n# of tt ck (n f ce of th(s f ct. The beg(nner f(n#s (t h r# to get use# to th(s $ ! of th(nk(ng. He )refers to tr! to unr *el long str(ng of * r( t(ons n# co+b(n t(ons" (n $h(ch he $(ll +ostl! lose h(s be r(ngs. E*en stronger )l !ers P ge ''

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt obstruct the(r o$n )o$ers b! refus(ng to see the * lue of ju#g(ng )os(t(on on gener l +er(ts. The! lose * lu ble t(+e (n th(nk(ng out en#less * r( t(ons" to + (nt (n )os(t(ons $h(ch coul# be )ro*e# * lueless b! gener l n# log(c l #e#uct(ons. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S S &B S &K S &R S S &K S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S &P S &P S &P S &B S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S &KtS S S &KtS S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S LB S S LP S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S LP S LK S S S S S S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S S LP S LP S S S LP S LP S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S LKtS LB S S LK S S LKtS LR S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 3= Then" s (n the )resent )os(t(on" retr(but(on co+es s$(ftl!. M. ... PFK;

0h(te shoul# h *e cons(#ere# th(s +o*e. .t $ s ob*(ous" s(nce the o)en(ng of the K f(le for the Rook (s +ost # ngerous" for the 0h(te K(ng. 4. BxP KtxB t once.

Bl ck coul# h *e )l !e# KxB 3:. KxKt 33. PxK 3'. KFK3

KxK BFKt= #ouble ch RFKM + te

A further ex +)le (n $h(ch the loss of +o*es occurs" though not so gl r(ngl!" (s the follo$(ng f +ous g +e" $h(ch 9or)h! )l !e# g (nst the ,uke K rl of Bruns$(ck n# Count .sou r# (n the Ro! l box t the P r(s o)er Fhouse. 3. PFK; '. KtFKBO PFK; PFKO

Accor#(ng to the )r(nc()les set out bo*e" KtFKBO $oul# h *e been better" s(nce the text +o*e shuts out the K(ng's B(sho). O. PFK; Bo$ the K(ng's P $n (s tt cke# t$(ce. .t $oul# be b # to su))ort (t $(th KtFKBO" s 0h(te $oul# exch nge ) $ns n# then Kueens. Bl ck $oul# thus forfe(t h(s ch nce of c stl(ng n# lose +uch t(+e (n br(ng(ng the K(ng (nto s fet! n# the Rooks (nto )l !. PF KBO" of course" (s (+)oss(ble" s (t (s not #e*elo)(ng +o*e" n# +oreo*er blocks the n tur l #e*elo)+ent of the K(ng's Kn(ght. Protect(ng the ) $n $(th the Kueen $oul# lso block other )(eces" n# KKtFK' c nnot be goo#" s (t blocks the Kueen's B(sho). P ge 'O

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt S(nce (t see+s (+)oss(ble to )rotect the K(ng's P $n" the onl! ltern t(*e $oul# be to exch nge (tQ (n#ee# (t (s on the $hole the best course" lthough (t llo$s 0h(te )(ece to t ke u) #o+(n t(ng )os(t(on (n the centre. 0(sh(ng to *o(# th(s" Bl ck )l !s O. ... BFKt=

n#" b! )(nn(ng the o))onent's Kn(ght" (n#(rectl! )rotects the K(ng's P $n. Th(s + noeu*re (s" ho$e*er" (llF #*(se#" s Bl ck (s force# to exch nge the B(sho) for the Kn(ght. The B(sho) $(ll h *e +o*e# t$(ce" the Kn(ght onl! once" therefore 0h(te $(ll h *e g (ne# +o*e for h(s #e*elo)+ent. ;. PxP BxKt

Shoul# Bl ck )l ! PxP t once" 0h(te $oul# exch nge Kueens" rele se the )(n" n# $(n the ) $n. =. KxB >. BFKB; PxP

0h(te h s no$ t$o )(eces +ore (n )l ! th n Bl ck" (nste # of onl! one" n# the +ob(l(t! of the 0h(te Kueen" $h(ch Bl ck h(+self h s brought out" beg(ns to h *e thre ten(ng effect on Bl ck's g +e. >. ... 5. KFKKtO Bl ck c nnot co*er KxP $(ns the Rook" re)l!" forc(ng the force#" blocks the #e*elo)+ent of the consePuence of the KtFKBO KFK'

h(s K(ng's B(sho)'s P $n $(th KFK' bec use M. $h(lst no$ Bl ck coul# )l ! M. ... KFKt=ch (n exch nge of Kueens. The text +o*e" $h(ch (s B(sho)" n# t the s +e t(+e )re*ents the K(ng's Rook" ll of $h(ch (s the #(rect loss of one +o*e.

M. KtFBO 0h(te r(ghtl! #(s# (ns the g (n of the Kn(ght's P $n" but )re*ents the exch nge of Kueens (n #e*elo)(ng )(ece. He )ro*es the su)er(or(t! of h(s )os(t(on +uch +ore con*(nc(ngl! (n th t $ !. Bl ck +ust no$ lose !et nother +o*e to )rotect h(s Kn(ght's P $n. M. ... 4. BFKKt= PFBO PFKt;

Bl ck +ust tr! to #e*elo) h(s Kueen's Kn(ght t l st. He c nnot )l ! KKtFK' t once" s(nce h(s Kn(ght's P $n $oul# g (n be un)rotecte#Q therefore he )l !s the +o*e (n the text" )rob bl! th(nk(ng th t no$ 0h(te lso +ust lose +o*e to $(th#r $ h(s B(sho). But (n *(e$ of the f ct th t Bl ck's g +e (s $holl! un#e*elo)e#" n# th t he )l !s )r ct(c ll! se*er l )(eces #o$n" 0h(te s cr(f(ces h(s Kn(ght for t$o ) $ns7 he foresees the )os(t(on $h(ch occurs fe$ +o*es l ter" $hen Bl ck (s he++e# (n on ll s(#es. 3:. KtxP 33. BxKtPch 3'. C stles KR Th(s (s the onl! )(ece PxKt KKtFK' RFK3

* (l ble to co*er K'" for the K(ng's P ge ';

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt Kn(ght (s )(nne#. 0h(te h s nother )(ece (n reser*e" h(s K(ng's Rook" n# g (nst th(s Bl ck (s #efenceless. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S S &R S &K S &B S S&R S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S S S &KtS &K S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S S S S &KtS S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S LB S S S &P S S LB S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S S LP S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S LK S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S LP S S S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S LK S LR S S S S LR S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 3> 3O. RxKt co+) re ,( g. 3'. 3O. ... 3;. RFK3 RxR KFKO

Th(s rele ses the K(ng's Kn(ght. Bo$ 0h(te coul# $(n b! )l !(ng BxKt n# BxRch" but he )refers to en# u) $(th + gn(f(cent s cr(f(ce. 3=. BxRch 3>. KFKtMch66 35. RFKM + te KtxB KtxK

The f(n l )os(t(on sho$s (n str(k(ng + nner ho$ fe$ $ellF #e*elo)e# )(eces c n be $orth +ore th n + n! un#e*elo)e# ones" n# the $hole g +e (s n ex +)le of the f t l consePuences $h(ch c n follo$ the loss of +o*e" s(nce (t often le #s to the co+)ulsor! loss of further +o*es (n the course of the g +e. -Th(s (s the curse of e*er! e*(l #ee# Th t )ro) g t(ng st(ll (t br(ngs forth e*(l.The log(c l sePuence of the +o*es (n th(s g +e" s )o(nte# out (n the co++ent r(es to (t" (s borne out b! the cur(ous co(nc(#ence th t . once h # the o))ortun(t! of )l !(ng g +e (n ex ctl! the s +e sePuence of +o*es" g (nst )l !er to $ho+ 9or)h!'s -br(ll( nc!- $ s unkno$n. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF The le #(ng )r(nc()le of ll o)en(ng +o*es (s + #e cle r b! the forego(ng ) ges" n +el!" r )(# #e*elo)+ent of )(eces" n# consePuentl! the *o(# nce of the loss of +o*e (n n! sh )e or for+. P ge '=

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt Before tre t(ng of the * r(ous s!ste+s of o)en(ngs" . $(ll s ! fe$ $or#s on the )r(nc()les of PA0B P%AY. E ch o)en(ng (s ch r cter(se# b! $ellF#ef(ne# ) $n for+ t(on" n# concurrentl! cert (n +etho# (n the #e*elo)+ent of the )(eces. B tur ll! the for+ t(on of ) $n skeleton (s not n (n#e)en#ent f ctor" but +ust be e*ol*e# $(th *(e$ to f c(l(t t(ng the f *our ble #e*elo)+ent of )(eces. But $hen cons(#er(ng the for+ of ) $n )os(t(on n# th t of the )(eces" $e c nnot shut our e!es to the f ct th t ) $n for+ t(on +ust necess r(l! be the #o+(n nt cons(#er t(on (n our +(n#. P $n for+ t(on (s of +ore )er+ nent ch r cter th n th t of the )(eces" (n consePuence of the l tter's gre ter +ob(l(t!. 0hen $e h *e + #e r sh +o*e $(th )(ece" to $h(ch our tt ck(ng #(s)os(t(on + ! h *e te+)te# us" $e + ! st(ll h *e ch nce of retr(e*(ng the )os(t(on b! t(+el! retre t. @nce ) $n h s +o*e# (t c nnot turn b ck" n# onl! fter the gre test #el(ber t(on shoul# $e e+b rk on ch nges (n our ) $n for+ t(on (n or#er not to #(sturb the b l nce of th(s -st t(c ele+ent- of the g +e. But $e sh ll see th t the ) $n skeleton $h(ch $ s for+e# (n the o)en(ng often $e thers the stor+ n# stress of the +(##le g +e" n# frePuentl! )reser*es (ts ch r cter r(ght u) to the en#Fg +e. . $(ll therefore + ke ) $n for+ t(on +! st rt(ngF)o(nt (n n tte+)t to sho$ the $ ! through the + Ne of the o)en(ngs on the b s(s of gener l str teg(c l )r(nc()les. .f our ) $n skeleton (s to )ro+ote the free#o+ of ll the )(eces" $e +ust not bu(l# (t u) $(th the n rro$ *(e$ of #e*elo)(ng +(nor )(eces onl!" but +ust cons(#er fro+ the *er! f(rst (n $h(ch $ ! (t $(ll en ble the Rooks to get (nto ct(on. 0e c n un(te these ten#enc(es (n + k(ng the CEBTRE @1 THE B@AR, the + (n f(el# of ct(on for ll our forces. Th(s +e ns for both s(#es K; n# K;" n# lso (n lesser #egree KB; n# KB;. 0e sh ll get cle r (ns(ght (nto the )os(t(on l #* nt ge of h *(ng co++ n# of the centre l ter on" $hen #(scuss(ng the +(##le g +e. At )resent . $(ll onl! touch the subject (n gener l $ !" ex)l (n(ng (t (n n ele+ent r! for+" $h(ch $(ll be suff(c(ent to #e*elo) n un#erst n#(ng for ) $n str teg! (n the o)en(ng. .n the course of further #e#uct(ons" fter the gr s) of th(s #(ff(cult st ge of the g +e h s beco+e stronger" . $(ll go (nto #et (ls $h(ch $(ll llo$ the subject to be st te# (n +ore )rec(se for+. Pl c(ng the )(eces (n the centre (s of * lue" bec use there the! h *e +ore +ob(l(t! th n ne r the e#ge" $h(ch" of course" l(+(ts the(r r nge of ct(on" n# lso bec use fro+ the centre concentr t(on of forces on g(*en )o(nt c n gener ll! be effecte# (n the Pu(ckest $ !. .n +ost c ses t$o centre sPu res beco+e (n ccess(ble t once" through the o))onent )l c(ng one of h(s ) $ns (n the centreQ therefore (t $oul# see+ goo# )l n to lure th t ) $n $ !" n# th(s (s ren#ere# fe s(ble b! )l !(ng PFK; or PFKB; $hen the o))onent h s ) $n on h(s K;" n# PFK; or PFKB; $hen he h s ) $n on K;. .n the follo$(ng $e $(ll cons(#er such + noeu*res s coul# ))l! e(ther to 0h(te or Bl ck" fro+ the )o(nt of *(e$ of 0h(te" to $ho+ the (n(t( t(*e (s" s )o(nte# out bo*e" sort of b(rthFr(ght. B tur ll!" shoul# 0h(te lose +o*e" s" for (nst nce" 3. PFK;" PFK;Q '. KtFKBO" KtFKBOQ O. PFKROU the )os(t(on (s re*erse#" n# Bl ck (s boun# to obt (n the (n(t( t(*e $h(ch (s 0h(te's b(rthr(ght. The ) $n +o*es +ent(one# bo*e lso h *e the ten#enc! of g(*(ng the Rooks n o))ortun(t! for ct(on. A Rook st n#(ng beh(n# n P ge '>

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt #* nce# ) $n + ! su))ort (ts further #* nce" or" (f the ) $n shoul# be exch nge#" +(ght get n o)en f(le. The # + ge $e $(sh to (nfl(ct on our o))onent $e +ust" of course" tr! to *o(# oursel*es. Thus $e $(ll not e s(l! g(*e u) centre ) $n unless $e c n obt (n so+e other #* nt ge (n #o(ng so. Th(s #* nt ge + ! be" th t (n exch ng(ng the centre ) $n $e o)en u) l(nes of tt ck for our )(eces" or th t $e re ble to )l ce one of our )(eces (n co++ n#(ng )os(t(on (n the centre of the bo r#. The follo$(ng ex +)le + ! ser*e 0h(te )l !s fter 3. PFK; '. PFKB; PFK; s n (llustr t(on. Su))os(ng

H(s (+ (s to te+)t Bl ck's centre ) $n $ ! n# to + ke h(s KB; n# K; ccess(ble for h(s o$n forces. Bl ck +(ght be just(f(e# (n t k(ng the ) $n" (f he re ll! coul# hol# the ) $n thus g (ne#. 0e sh ll sho$ l ter on th t th(s (s not so" n# th t 0h(te c n $(n (t b ck e s(l! n# #* nt geousl!. Therefore Bl ck (s +ore l(kel! to )l ! '. PFKO. Bot '. ... KtFKBOQ for fter O. PxP" KtxPQ ;. PFK; $oul# o)en 0h(te's g +e n# #r(*e the Kn(ght $ ! t once" g (n(ng +o*e. Su))os(ng" ho$e*er" Bl ck )l !s '. ... BFB;Q shoul# 0h(te no$ th(nk +ech n(c ll!" -. $(ll t ke h(s centre ) $n n# consePuentl! h *e the better g +e"- h(s #e#uct(on $oul# be $rong. 1or fter exch ng(ng h(s B(sho) for the Kn(ght" $h(ch other$(se $oul# #r(*e h(s Kueen $ !" Bl ck br(ngs the l tter (nto #o+(n t(ng sPu re (n the centre. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S &KtS S &K S &K S &B S &KtS &R S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S &P S &P S S &P S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S &P S S &B S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S LP S LP S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S S S LP S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S LKtS LB S LK S LK S LB S LKtS LR S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 35. O. PxP ;. RxB BxKt KxP

Bl ck's Kueen c nnot e s(l! be #r(*en $ ! fro+ her co++ n#(ng )os(t(on" ) rt(cul rl! s 0h(te +ust lose +o*e to s *e h(s KRP. 9e n$h(le Bl ck g (ns t(+e for concentr t(ng h(s forces for n tt ck $h(ch $(ns the Kueen's P $n. =. PFKKtO >. PFKO KtFKBO C stles KR P ge '5

5. KtFBO n# $(ns the KP" or =. PFKRO >. PFKO n# PFK; (s g (n

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt PFK;

KtFKBO C stles KR thre t h r# for $h(te to +eet.

Th(s )os(t(on sho$s" th t to br(ng one's o))onent's centre ) $n $ ! n# to kee) one's o$n" #oes not un#er ll c(rcu+st nces +e n the co++ n# of the centre" but th t the o)en(ng u) of f(les n# #( gon ls for one's )(eces to$ r#s the centre (s n (+)ort nt +o+ent (n the f(ght for )os(t(on l #* nt ge. Cons(#er t(ons of th(s k(n# $(ll hel) to (+)ro*e our ju#g+ent (n + n! of the * r(ous o)en(ngs tre te# (n the follo$(ng ) ges. 0e $(ll cl ss the o)en(ngs (n th(s $ !7 A. 0h(te 3. PFK;. H I Bl ck 3. PFK; HbI Bl ck 3. An! other +o*e B. 0h(te 3. PFK;. H I Bl ck 3. PFK; HbI Bl ck 3. An! other +o*e C. 0h(te 3. An! other +o*e 0e sh ll f(n# th t o)en(ngs cl sse# un#er C gener ll! le # to )os(t(ons tre te# un#er A n# B. A. 0e h *e lre #! co+e to the conclus(on th t fter 3. PFK;" PF K; 0h(te #oes $ell to tr! to force the exch nge of Bl ck's centre ) $n on K; or KB;" n# th t Bl ck $(ll tr! to counter ct th(s" unless b! llo$(ng the exch nge he gets ch nce of exert(ng )ressure (n the centre b! +e ns of h(s )(eces. 0e $(ll f(rst see $h t h ))ens $hen 0h(te un#ert kes the #* nce (n Puest(on on h(s secon# +o*e. Su)erf(c( ll! the #(fference bet$een '. PK; n# '. PFKB; (s th t (n the f(rst c se the ) $n thus #* nce# (s co*ere#" $h(le (n the secon# (t (s not. An o)en(ng (n $h(ch ) $n s cr(f(ce (s offere#" (s c lle# -g +b(t-Q '. PFKB; (s therefore g +b(t. '. PFK; (s onl! g +b(t (f fter '. ... PxP 0h(te #oes not rec )ture the ) $n. Be*ertheless th(s o)en(ng h s been c lle# the -centre g +b(t"- n# though the #eno+(n t(on (s not correct $e $(ll #here to (t" s (t (s (n gener l use. A *er! cons(#er ble #(fference bet$een the centre g +b(t n# the K(ng's g +b(t l(es (n the f ct th t (n the for+er cce)t nce (s co+)ulsor!" $h(lst (n the secon# (t + ! be #ecl(ne#. 1or7 '. PFK; thre tens to t ke the K(ng's P $n. To #efen# (t b! +e ns of '. ... PFKO (s un$(se" s(nce 0h(te exch nges ) $ns n# then Kueens" b! $h(ch Bl ck loses h(s ch nce of c stl(ng n# (+)e#es the #e*elo)+ent of h(s Rooks. '. ... KtFKBO (s lso b #" s(nce fter O. PxP" KtxPQ ; PFKB;" 0h(te #r(*es the Kn(ght $ !" g (n(ng strong hol# on the centre" n# Bl ck h s no P ge 'M

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt co+)ens t(on for g(*(ng u) h(s centre ) $n. .t + ! be +ent(one# here th t fter '. ... KtFKBO" O. PFK= $oul# be useless +o*e" s to beg(n $(th (t $oul# be (nconsePuent" s(nce PFK; $ s )l !e# (n or#er to cle r the centre" n# +oreo*er (t $oul# block u) #( gon l $h(ch coul# be +ost useful to the K(ng's B(sho). 0e conclu#e no$ th t Bl ck c nnot hol# h(s ) $n t K;. He +ust rel(nPu(sh the centre b! '. ... PxP. He $(ll no$ e(ther tte+)t to br(ng $ ! 0h(te's K(ng's P $n b! #* nc(ng h(s o$n KP to K;" or tr! to ut(l(se the K(ng's f(le" $h(ch $ s o)ene# b! h(s secon# +o*e" n# o)er te g (nst 0h(te's KP. The Rooks re (n#(c te# for th(s t sk. 0e sh ll refer to the execut(on of these )l ns l ter on. .n the K(ng's g +b(t" 0h(te's tte+)t to br(ng K(ng's P $n + ! be s fel! (gnore#. $ ! Bl ck's

The +o*e '. PFKB; #oes not thre ten to t ke the K(ng's P $n" s Bl ck $oul# $(n 0h(te's KP b! KFR=ch. Bl ck c n therefore #e*elo) (n secur(t! $(th '. ... BFB;" n# (f then 0h(te )re*ents the K check b! KtFKBO" there (s no object(on to Bl ck )rotect(ng h(s K(ng's P $n $(th PFKO" s the K(ng's B(sho) (s lre #! #e*elo)e#. After ;. BFB;" Bl ck h s st(ll no nee# to )rotect h(s KP $(th KtF KBO" but c n )l ! KtFKBO f(rst" bec use fter =. PxP" PxPQ >. KtxP $oul# be ns$ere# b! >. ... KFK= $(nn(ng )(ece. Bl ck kee)s the u))er h n# (n these e rl! encounters bec use he h s + #e #e*elo)(ng +o*e $(th )(ece" $h(lst 0h(te h s )l !e# ) $n +o*e $h(ch (s useless for the )ur)ose of #e*elo)+ent. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S S S &K S &K S S S &R S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S &P S &P S S S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S &KtS &P S S &KtS S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S &B S S &P S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S LB S S LP S LP S &B S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S LKtS LP S S LKtS S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S LP S S S S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S S LB S LK S LK S S S LR S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 3M. ,( gr + 3M sho$s the )os(t(on $h(ch results fro+ the follo$(ng )l us(ble +o*es7 '. O. ;. =. >. PFKB; KtFKBO BFB; PFKO KtFBO BFB; PFKO KtFKBO KtFBO BFKKt=

.f 0h(te $(shes to c stle on the K s(#e" $h(ch +ust h *e been h(s (ntent(on $hen )l !(ng '. PFKB;" he $(ll h *e to )l ! KtFKR; n# P ge '4

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt KtxB. Though th(s (s of no #(s #* nt ge to Bl ck" he coul# *o(# the exch nge of h(s KB b! )l !(ng '. ... PFKRO (nste # of BFKKt=. .f then 0h(te )l !s PFB= (n or#er to h(n#er the #e*elo)+ent of Bl ck's KB n# to br(ng out h(s o$n" the )ressure on Bl ck's KP (s rel(e*e# )er+ nentl!" n# sooner or l ter Bl ck $(ll bre k through on the K f(le" s h(s KP (s no longer nee#e# t KO for the su))ort of the centre ) $n. A #(fferent ) $n for+ t(on (s the result (f 0h(te enforces the exch nge of Bl ck's centre ) $n t once. Th(s he c n #o b! )l !(ng PFK;" e.g.7 '. O. ;. =. PFKB; KtFKBO PFK; KtxP BFB; PFKO PxKP or ;. PFBO KtFKBO =. PFK; PxKP >. PxP BFKtO

Here Bl ck c n get n e rl! #* nt ge b! tt ck(ng 0h(te's KP" t k(ng )ossess(on of the K f(le fter c stl(ng on the K s(#e. All th(ngs cons(#ere#" the stu#ent shoul# (n +! o)(n(on #ecl(ne the g +b(t" s (n #o(ng so he c n get n e s! n# s t(sf ctor! #e*elo)+ent. The tre t+ent of the -K(ng's G +b(t cce)te#"- $h(ch (+s t hol#(ng the g +b(t ) $n" (s +ost #(ff(cult n# le #s e rl! (n the g +e to such co+)l(c t(ons s none but n ex)ert c n ho)e to + ster. <1ootnote7 As n ex +)le of the #(ff(cult )l ! $h(ch ensues $hen Bl ck #efen#s the ) $n (n the K(ng's G +b(t" . g(*e the l test * r( t(on of n tt ck (ntro#uce# b! Professor .. %. R(ce" n# c lle# the -R(ce G +b(t-7 3. PFK;" PFK;Q '. PFKB;" PxPQ O. KtFKBO" PFKKt;Q ;. PFKR;" PFKt=Q =. KtFK=" KtFKBOQ >. BFB;" PFK;Q 5. PxP" BFKOQ M. C stles6 BxKtQ 4. RFK3" KFK'Q 3:. PFBO" KtFR;Q 33. PFK;" KtFK'Q 3'. PxB" KtxPQ 3O. PFKKtO" C stlesQ 3;. BFRO" KtFB>ch6Q 3=. PxKt" KxPQ 3>. RFK=6 BFB;66Q 35. KtFK'6 KFKt>chQ 3M. KFB3" KFR5Q 34. BxR" PFKt>Q ':. BFB=" PFKt5chQ '3. KFK3" KFR=chQ ''. KFK'" KtFKt>chQ 'O. KFB'" KtFK=chQ ';. KxP" BFR>chQ '=. KFR3" KFR3Q '>. KtxKt" RFKKt3Q '5. RFKt=" $(th (nterest(ng )oss(b(l(t(es. Bu+berless (nterest(ng * r( t(ons re )oss(ble" but the(r #(scuss(on #oes not l(e $(th(n the sco)e of th(s $ork. The! $(ll be foun# (n books tre t(ng of the n l!s(s of the o)en(ngs.? .t (s therefore un$(se for the beg(nner to cce)t the g +b(t" unless there be ch nce of co+)ens t(on for the #(s ))e r nce of h(s centre ) $n" b! forc(ng the exch nge of 0h(te's centre ) $n s $ell. The follo$(ng l(ne of )l ! $oul# fulf(l th(s con#(t(on7 3. PFK;" PFK;Q '. PFKB;" PxPQ O. KtFKBO" KtFKBOQ ;. KtFBO" PFK;6 Bl ck thereb! b n#ons the g +b(t ) $n. @n )r(nc()le" n# $hen he h s the cho(ce" the beg(nner shoul# g(*e )reference to s(+)le n# cle r #e*elo)+ent (n the o)en(ng" r ther th n to the g (n of ) $n" $hen th(s (n*ol*es #(ff(cult n# (ntr(c te )l !. Th(s )r(nc()le +ust lso gu(#e us (n other o)en(ngs. A goo# ex +)le (s to be foun# (n the soFc lle# -, n(sh g +b(t"<1ootnote7 The n +es of the * r(ous o)en(ngs" $h(ch . +ent(on for P ge O:

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt the s ke of co+)leteness" re gener ll! #er(*e# fro+ to$ns or countr(es (n $h(ch the! $ere f(rst extens(*el! )l !e# n# n l!se#.? $h(ch $(ll le # us b ck to those o)en(ngs (n $h(ch 0h(te )l !s PFK; on h(s secon# +o*e. After '. PFK;" PxP" 0h(te h s the o)t(on of s cr(f(c(ng t$o ) $ns to obt (n *er! r )(# #e*elo)+ent O. PFKBO" PxPQ ;. BFKB;" PxPQ =. KBxP. .t + ! no$ be just )oss(ble for Bl ck to *o(# the + n! thre ts $h(ch 0h(te c n br(ng to be r $(th h(s be ut(full! )l ce# forces" )erh )s b! g(*(ng b ck one or both of the ) $ns g (ne#. But th(s Puest(on c n onl! be of (nterest to us (f there (s no o))ortun(t! of #o)t(ng s(+)le l(ne of #e*elo)+ent t the outset. As (t (s" th(s o))ortun(t! (s not $ nt(ng. All th t Bl ck nee#s to #o (s to )ush on h(s Kueen's P $n s soon s )oss(ble" thus free(ng h(s o$n Kueen's B(sho). '. PFK; O. PFKBO PxP PFK;

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S &KtS &B S &K S &K S &B S&Kt S &R S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S &P S &P S S S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S &P S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S &P S LP S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S LP S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S S S S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S LKtS LB S LK S LK S LB S LKtS LR S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( gr + 34. After ;. KPxP" KxP" Bl ck's )os(t(on (s t le st s e s! of #e*elo)+ent s 0h(te's. .n the )os(t(on set out (n ,( gr + 34" 0h(te c nnot )l ! PFK=" bec use Bl ck $(ns ) $n b! PxP $(thout h(n#er(ng h(s o$n #e*elo)+ent (n the le st. The ePu l(s(ng )o$er of Bl ck's PFK; (n ll KP o)en(ngs $here 0h(te h s )l !e# PFK; c n be not(ce# (n + n! * r( t(ons. . sh ll no$ g(*e fe$ t!)(c l ex +)les" $h(ch $(ll sho$ the l(ne of )l ! th t c n be #o)te# (n + n! s(+(l r c ses" n# $h(ch c n often be e*ol*e# one fro+ the other b! lter(ng the or#er of the +o*es. .. CEBTRE GA9B.T '. O. ;. =. >. PFK; KxP KFKO KtFKBO BFK' PxP KtFKBO KtFBO BFK' PFK;6

... K.BG'S B.SH@P'S @PEB.BG P ge O3

'. PFK; O. BFKB; ;. PFK=

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt PxP KtFKBO PFK;6

.... SC@TCH GA9B.T '. O. ;. =. KtFKBO PFK; BFB; PFK= KtFKBO PxP KtFBO PFK;6

;. PFBO PFK;6

.2. SC@TCH GA9E '. O. ;. =. >. 5. KtFKBO PFK; KtxP KtFKBO KtxKt BFKO KtFKBO PxP KtFBO BFKt= KtPxKt PFK;6

.n no c se shoul# Bl ck forfe(t h(s ch nce of )l !(ng PFK;. .t (s te+)t(ng fter '. PFK;" PxPQ O. KtFKBO to co*er the ) $n t K= b! PFKB;" but (n th t c se 0h(te $oul# s cr(f(ce ) $n b! PFKBO" b! th(s +e ns o)en(ng the Kueen's f(le for h(+self" n# so )re*ent(ng Bl ck fro+ e*er )l !(ng PFK;. Thus" for the loss of ) $n" 0h(te h s ) r +ount #* nt ge (n )os(t(on. 1or fter ;. ... PxP" =. KtxP H,( gr + ':I 0h(te h s #e*elo)e# both Kn(ghts" n# h(s B(sho)s re free" $h(lst Bl ck h s none of h(s )(eces out. PFKO +ust lso be )l !e# (n or#er to +ob(l(se the Kueen's B(sho)" le *(ng K' s the onl! sPu re for the K(ng's B(sho)Q f(n ll! the -b ck$ r#- ) $n <1ootnote7 A ) $n (s s (# to be -b ck$ r#"- $hen (t c nnot +o*e (nto co*er b! nother ) $n.? t KO (s o)en to const nt tt cks n# (s #(ff(cult to #efen#. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S &KtS &B S &K S &K S &B S &KtS &R S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S &P S S &P S S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S &P S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S S LP S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S LKtS S S LKtS S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S S S S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S S LB S LK S LK S LB S S LR S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. ': The best )l n for Bl ck (s to #ecl(ne the #oubtful g(ft of the ) $n n# to br(ng bout one of the )os(t(ons" s sketche# bo*e" (n $h(ch" b! )l !(ng PFK; e rl! (n the g +e" Bl ck (s sure of the P ge O'

free #e*elo)+ent of

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt ll h(s forces.

Bl ck (s ble to )l ! PFK; e rl! (n ll such o)en(ngs" $here 0h(te #oes not force the #efens(*e +o*e PFKO b! tt ck(ng Bl ck's K(ng's P $n. 1or (nst nce" (n the K(ng's g +b(t" s(nce the +o*e '. PFKB; #oes not thre ten PxP" Bl ck c n re)l! t once b! '. ... PFK; H1 lkbeer Counter G +b(tI. After O. PxKP" PFK= Hto )er+(t of KtFKBO" $h(ch t )resent (s not fe s(ble on ccount of ;. PxPIQ ;. PFKO" PxPQ =. KxP" 0h(te (s ) $n he #" but h(s Kueen obstructs h(s KBQ therefore Bl ck h s better #e*elo)(ng ch nces n# shoul# be ble to $(n the ) $n b ck t the *er! le st. A secon# ex +)le (s the 2(enn '. KtFKBO O. PFB; g +e" $h(ch )rocee#s s follo$s7

KtFKBO PFK; H,( gr + '3I

.f 0h(te )l !s ;. PxKP" Bl ck c n )l ! PFK=" s (n the 1 lkbeer g +b(t +ent(one# just no$. .n ns$er to ;. PxKP" on the other h n#" Bl ck c n )l ! KtxP $(thout h *(ng the sl(ghtest #(ff(cult! $(th h(s #e*elo)+ent. 1or (nst nce" =. >. 5. M. 4. KtFKBO PFK; BFKO PxKt C stles BFK' PFKBO KtxKt C stles KtFBO or BFKKt= n o)en f(le for h(s Rook" $(th no

n# Bl ck lso $(ll soon h *e #(s #* nt ge (n )os(t(on.

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S&Kt S &B S &K S &K S &B S S &R S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S &P S &P S S S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S S S S&Kt S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S &P S &P S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S S LP S LP S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S SLKt S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP SLP S LP S LP S S S LP S LP S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF 3 S LR S S LB S LK S LK S LB SLKt S LR S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. '3.

There (s" ho$e*er" one o)en(ng (n $h(ch Bl ck h s the ut+ost #(ff(cult! (n )re*ent(ng 0h(te fro+ gett(ng )os(t(on l #* nt ge (n the centre. .t (s c lle# the Ru! %o)eN" n# (s hel# b! + n! to be the strongest o)en(ng for 0h(te. The (n(t( l +o*es re7 3. PFK;" PFK;Q '. KtFKBO" KtFKBOQ O. BFKt=. 0(th th(s +o*e 0h(te t once tt cks the Bl ck KP" though (n#(rectl!" b! thre ten(ng to exch nge the B for the Kt. To + ke the c )ture effect(*e" ho$e*er" 0h(te +ust f(rst )rotect h(s o$n K(ng's P $n" $h(ch $oul# other$(se be lost fter ;. BxKt" KPxBQ =. KtxP" KF K=6. At f(rst" therefore" Bl ck nee# not )ro*(#e g (nst the thre tene# exch nge. P ge OO

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt . sh ll tre t t so+e length the * r(ous #efences fro+ $h(ch Bl ck c n choose" n# (n stu#!(ng th(s +ost (+)ort nt K(ng's s(#e o)en(ng" $e sh ll h *e occ s(on to note + n! )o(nts of gener l (nterest for o)er t(ons (n the centre. Bro #l! s)e k(ng" t$o ent(rel! #(fferent s!ste+s of #efence c n be #(st(ngu(she#7 e(ther Bl ck $(ll tr! to + (nt (n h(s centre ) $n" or else" g(*(ng u) the centre" tr! to g (n so+e other #* nt ge s co+)ens t(on. Bl ck c n onl! + (nt (n h(s centre ) $n (f he c n )re*ent h(s KKt fro+ be(ng exch nge#. As (s re #(l! seen" 0h(te c n tt ck Bl ck's KP secon# t(+e $(th PFK;" $h(lst fter Bl ck's PFKO n! other #efens(*e +o*e $oul# h(n#er #e*elo)+ent. These cons(#er t(ons le # to the f(rst + (n l(ne of #efence (n $h(ch Bl ck )l !s O. ... PFKRO. After ;. BFR; Bl ck h s the o)t(on of rele s(ng the )(n b! )l !(ng PFKKt; t so+e o))ortune +o+ent. .f 0h(te elects to exch nge h(s B(sho) for the Kt forth$(th" he c n re+o*e the Bl ck centre ) $n fter ;. ... KPxB b! )l !(ng =. PF K;" but the exch nge of the B for the Kt g(*es Bl ck free #e*elo)+ent n# (n consePuence goo# g +e. HCo+) re note to +o*e ; (n G +e Bo. 3'.I ,( gr + '' re)ro#uces t!)(c l )os(t(on (n th(s #efence. +ore usu l cont(nu t(on for 0h(te (s ;. BFR;" KtFBOQ FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S S &B S &K S &K S S S &R S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S S &P S S &B S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S &P S S&Kt S &P S S&Kt S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S &P S S S &P S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S S LP S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S LB S S S SLKt S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S LP S LP S S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR SLKt S LB S LK S LR S S LK S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. ''. The

=. C stlesQ he #oes not trouble to )rotect h(s KP s (ts c )ture $oul# llo$ h(s Rook n o)en f(le on $h(ch to ct g (nst the o))os(ng K(ng Hco+) re G +es Bos. 3; n# 35I =. ... BFK'. Bo$ Bl ck c n c )ture the KP $(thout +uch r(sk" s the B(sho) (s on the K(ng's f(le. >. RFK3" 0h(te co*ers h(s ) $n" n# thereb! thre tens to $(n ) $n b! BxKt. Therefore Bl ck +ust not #el ! )l !(ng >. ... PFKKt;. After 5. BFKtO" PFKOQ H,( gr + ''I 0h(te c nnot !et execute the + noeu*re $h(ch un#erl(es the $hole ten#enc! of the Ru! %o)eN" n +el! PFK;" + (nt (n(ng the )ressure (n the centre" bec use fter KtxKP" 4. KtxKt" PxKtQ 3:. KxPU 0h(te loses )(ece through 3:. ... PFB;" etc. .t (s therefore necess r! to )l ! PF KBO f(rst. 0h(te coul# lso obt (n r )(# #e*elo)+ent b! KtFBO" P ge O;

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt PFKO" BFKO or Kt=" but th(s rr nge+ent (s not )o)ul r" bec use Bl ck c n )l ! KtFKR; n# exch nge the * lu ble KB. The ) $n t KBO su))orts n #* nce (n the centre" n# lso )ro*(#es retre t for the KB. The KKt c n be #e*elo)e# (n th(s $ !7 KtFK'F B3FKtO or KO. Bl ck" ho$e*er" +ust tr! to roun# off h(s ) $n )os(t(on on the Kueen's s(#e" b! +o*(ng h(s KBP (nto l(ne. Bl ck's ) $ns t K; n# KB; then exert )ressure on 0h(te's K;. An# th(s )ressure thre tens to be re(nforce# b! BFKt=. 1ro+ these cons(#er t(ons the follo$(ng #e*elo)+ent see+s to be n tur l7 M. PFBO" KtFKR;Q 4. BFB'" PFB;Q 3:. PFK;" KFB' Hto su))ort the KPIQ (t le #s to the )os(t(on (n ,( gr + 'O. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S S &B S S &K S S S &R S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S S &K S S &B S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S &P S S S &P S S&Kt S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S&Kt S &P S &P S S &P S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S LP S LP S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S LP S S SLKt S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S LB S S S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR SLKt S LB S LK S LR S S LK S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 33. PFKRO @ne of the fe$ (nst nces (n $h(ch th(s ) $n +o*e (s just(f(e#. .t #e)r(*es Bl ck's KB of (ts onl! goo# sPu re" n# s *es the KKt" the coFo)er t(on of $h(ch (s urgentl! nee#e# (n the centre. Th(s s!ste+ of o)en(ng $(ll rece(*e +ore exh ust(*e tre t+ent un#er the he #(ng of -9(##le G +e.- HCo+) re G +e Bo. 3'.I .n the secon# + (n l(ne of #efence" of $h(ch . sh ll tre t no$" Bl ck renounces the + (nten nce of h(s KP" n# + kes n tte+)t to f(n# co+)ens t(on b! tt ck(ng 0h(te's K(ng's P $n. The K(ng's f(le" o)ene# b! the #(s ))e r nce of the Bl ck ) $n" offers o))ortun(t(es for th t )ur)ose. After the f(rst fe$ +o*es $e rr(*e t the follo$(ng )os(t(on" $h(ch FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S S S &K S S &R S &K S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S &P S &P S &B S &B S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S&Kt S &P S S&Kt S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S LB S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S SLKt S LP S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S SLKt S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S LP S S S LP S LP S LP S P ge O= 'O.

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S S LB S LK S LR S S LK S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. ';.

+ ! be re che# thus7 O. BFKt=" PFKOQ ;. PFK;" BFK'Q =. KtFBO" KtF BOQ >. C stles" BFK'Q 5. RFK3" PxPQ M. KtxP" C stles. The exch nge on the se*enth +o*e (s co+)ulsor!" bec use the loss of ) $n fter BxKt (s (n effect thre tene#" no$ th t the 0h(te KP (s su))orte# b! the Rook. Bl ck's (ntent(on of exert(ng )ressure on the KP (s no$ #(ff(cult of execut(on" bec use h(s )(eces re *er! cr +)e# n# h(n#er one nother (n restr(cte# re . The KB (n ) rt(cul r c nnot be brought (nto ct(on $(thout gre t #(ff(cult!" for (nst nce b!7 RF K3" BFKB3" PFKKtO" n# BFKt'. .t (s therefore #*(s ble for 0h(te to #e*elo) h(s KB t Kt' (nste # of t Kt=" (n or#er not to g(*e Bl ck ch nce of exch ng(ng h(s troubleso+e B(sho). H.n g +e Bernste(nFE+ nuel % sker" 9osco$" 343;" there h ))ene# 4. BxKt" PxBQ 3:. BFKt=" PFKROQ 33. BFR;" KtFR'Q 3'. BxB" KxB $(th goo# g +e for Bl ck.I The #efence h s tot ll! #(fferent tren#" (f Bl ck g(*es u) h(s o$n KP" but c )tures the 0h(te KP t once. . h *e lre #! )o(nte# out th t 0h(te $oul# not +(n# h(s KP be(ng t ken" (n *(e$ of the tt ck on the o)en K(ng's f(le. %et us no$ cons(#er (n $h(ch $ ! th(s tt ck c n be )l nne#. There re t$o essent( ll! #(fferent l(nes" ccor#(ng to $hether Bl ck (nter)ol tes PFKRO or not. After O. BFKt=" KtFBOQ ;. C stles" KtxPQ =. RFK3" Bl ck gets out of (t co+fort bl! b! )l !(ng KtFKO" BFK' n# C stles" n# 0h(te c nnot )er+ nentl! )re*ent Bl ck's g +e fro+ be(ng free# b! the #* nce of the KP. PFK; for 0h(te on the f(fth +o*e (s therefore stronger. Bl ck c nnot *er! $ell exch nge the ) $ns" le *(ng the K(ng's f(le Pu(te ex)ose#" n# +ust sub+(t to 0h(te )l !(ng PxP" + (nt (n(ng the ) $n t K= n# )re*ent(ng Bl ck's PFK; for so+e t(+e to co+e. The o)en(ng +(ght cont(nue (n th(s $ !7 =. PFK;" BFK'Q >. KFK'" KtFKOQ 5. BxKt" KtPxB Hto + ke roo+ for the KtIQ M. PxP" KtFKt' H,( gr + '=I. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S S &B S &K S &K S S S &R S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S &KtS &P S &P S &B S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S &P S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S S LP S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S S S S LKtS S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S LP S S LK S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S LKtS LB S S S LR S LK S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H P ge O>

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt ,( g. '= The $hole of the + noeu*res no$ centre roun# Bl ck's en#e *ours to force h(s PFK;" n# 0h(te's tte+)t to )re*ent (t. Bl ck ult(+ tel! g (ns h(s )o(nt" s $(ll be seen" but t the ex)ense of such #(s #* nt ges (n the ) $n )os(t(on th t (t (s Puest(on ble $hether the $hole * r( t(on Hc lle# the R(o #e 8 ne(ro ,efenceI (s )l ! ble. 4. KtFBO" C stlesQ 3:. RFK3" KtFB; Hthe Kn(ght (s to be )oste# t KO to br(ng the 0h(te KKt $ ! fro+ h(s K;" $hence he )re*ents the #* nce of Bl ck's KP b! tt ck(ng KB>IQ 33. KtFK;" KtFKOQ 3'. BFKO" KtxKtQ 3O. BxKt" PFB;Q 3;. BFKO" PFK;Q 3=. PxP e.)." BxP. Th(s (s the cr(t(c l )os(t(on (n the R(o #e 8 ne(ro #efence. Bl ck h s succee#e# (n el(+(n t(ng the 0h(te centre ) $n" n# s$ee)s long #( gon ls $(th h(s B(sho)s" but the #* nt ge c nnot be + (nt (ne#. 0h(te exch nges the B(sho) t K>" n# there re+ (ns b ck$ r# ) $n" $h(ch Bl ck $(ll h r#l! be ble to hol# )er+ nentl!. .n )r ct(ce (t h s been sho$n th t the en#Fg +e shoul# be $on b! 0h(te (n s)(te of B(sho)s of o))os(te colours" s Bl ck's ) $n t h(s KB; (s #(ff(cult to #efen#. 3>. KtFK;" BFKt'Q 35. KtxB Hnot BxP bec use of BxBQ 3M. KtxB" BxP follo$e# b! KFKt;chI" PxKtQ 3M. K RFK3 n# PFKB;. The g +e (s +uch +ore f *our ble for Bl ck (f he f(rst )l !s O. ... PFKRO" n# ret (ns the o)t(on of #r(*(ng the 0h(te KB $ ! b! PFKKt;" fter $h(ch PFK; c n be enforce# *er! soon. O. BFKt=" PF KROQ ;. BFR;" KtFBOQ =. C stles" KtxPQ >. PFK;" PFKKt;Q 5. BFKtO" PFK;Q M. PxP" BFKO" 4. PFBO. Bo$ Bl ck's )(eces re +ore +ob(le" n# th t (s the re son $h! th(s s!ste+ of #efence (s beco+(ng +ore )o)ul r th n n! other. @n the other h n#" (t c nnot be #en(e# th t Bl ck's ) $n for+ t(on on the K s(#e (s $e k" n# th t h(s centre (s less secure. 0h(lst 0h(te h s ) $n f(r+l! )oste# (n the centre" Bl ck h s Kn(ght there $h(ch $(ll soon be #r(*en $ !. 0h(te's K;" the b s(s of h(s centre" (s ent(rel! (n h(s h n#s" $h(lst Bl ck's K; (s ex)ose# to ste #! )ressure b! the 0h(te )(eces. 1(n ll! Bl ck's KKt (s unf *our bl! )l ce#" obstruct(ng s (t #oes the KBP n# )re*ent(ng (ts f ll(ng (nto l(ne $(th (ts fello$s. ,( gr + '> sho$s the )os(t(on fter 4. PFBO. The l tter +o*e )re*ents the exch nge of the B fter Bl ck's KtFR;" n exch nge $h(ch $oul# llo$ Bl ck to roun# u) h(s ) $n for+ t(on $(th PF KB;. The ex)erts re not !et gree# s to the best cont(nu t(on for Bl ck (n th(s cr(t(c l )os(t(on. To be cons(#ere# re the +o*es BFKB;" BFK' n# KtFB;. BFK' (s )referre# no$ # !s to BF KB;" s KB; shoul# be ke)t free for the KKt (n c se the l tter (s #r(*en fro+ h(s #o+(n t(ng )os(t(on" e.g. 3:. RFK3 n# 33. K KtF K'. 1or (f (n th t c se Bl ck exch nges the Kn(ghts" he onl! furthers 0h(te's #e*elo)+ent $(thout #o(ng n!th(ng to$ r#s strengthen(ng h(s K;. .f Bl ck co*ers the Kn(ght $(th PFB;" 0h(te )l !s PxP e.). n# KtFKt=" r(#s h(+self of Bl ck's KB" n# thereb! $e kens Bl ck's KP st(ll +ore. KtFB; $oul# therefore see+ to be the best cho(ce" s the KB beco+es +ob(le g (n fter 0h(te's BFB'" nor c n 0h(te P ge O5

M 5 > = ; O ' 3

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF S &R S S S &K S &K S &B S S &R S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S S S &P S S S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S &P S S&Kt S S &B S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S S &P S S &P S LP S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S S S S S&Kt S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S S LB S LP S S SLKt S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S LP S LP S S S S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S LR SLKt S LB S LK S S LR S LK S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. '>.

)l ! PFK; s !et. The )os(t(on (n the #( gr + therefore le #s to the follo$(ng * r( t(ons7 A. 4. ... BFK'Q 3:. RFK3" C stlesQ 33. KKtFK'" KtFB;Q 3'. BFB'" BFKKt=. Th(s + noeu*re $ s (ntro#uce# b! E+. % sker HPetrogr #" 34:4. 1or further ) rt(cul rs see G +e Bo. 3=I. B. 4. ... KtFB;Q 3:. KKtFK'" PFK= HC ) bl nc FE+. % sker" Petrogr #" 343;IQ or 4. ... BFK'Q 3:. RFK3" C stlesQ 33. KKtFK'" KtFB;Q 3'. BFB'" PFK= HE+. % skerFT rr sch" Petrogr #" 343;I. C ) bl nc bel(e*es th t the e rl! #* nce of PFK= c n be refute# b! KtFK;" e.g. 4. ... BFK'Q 3:. KKtFK'" KtFB;Q 33. BFB'" PFK=Q 3'. KtFK;" PxPQ 3O. KtxKt" BxKtQ 3;. BFK;" KFK'Q 3=. KFB' or PxP. The o)en(ngs s sketche# out u) to th(s )o(nt g(*e suff(c(entl! cle r (#e of the )oss(b(l(t(es of co+b(n(ng soun# #e*elo)+ent $(th n tte+)t to c )ture the centre fter the o)en(ng +o*es 3. PFK;" PFK;. .n +ost c ses" Bl ck's centre ) $n be(ng o)en to tt ck b! 0h(te's PFK;" $e f(n# n e rl! bre kFu) of the centre" n# concurrentl! the o)en(ng of the Ks or Ks f(le for the Rooks. Th t (s $h! g +es o)ene# (n th(s f sh(on h *e been cl sse# *er! gener ll! s -o)en"- $h(lst ll the other o)en(ngs re c lle# -close g +es.- % tel! the #(st(nct(on h s been b n#one#" n# *er! r(ghtl!" s(nce (n the l tter o)en(ngs" too" the centre c n be cle re# occ s(on ll!. 0e tt (n t!)(c l close )os(t(ons $hen Bl ck #oes not )l ! 3. ... PFK; (n ns$er to 3. PFK;" but rel(nPu(shes ll cl (+ on h(s K; n# t kes )ossess(on of h(s K; (nste #" le *(ng 0h(te the o)t(on of (nterlock(ng the ) $ns (n the centre $(th PFK=. @n )r(nc()le (t #oes not see+ #*(s ble for Bl ck to )l ! PFK; on the f(rst +o*e (n re)l! to 3. PFK;. Although 0h(te's centre ) $n #(s ))e rs fter '. PxP" KxP" Bl ck loses +o*e through O. KtF KBO" n# h(s Kueen h s no )l ce fro+ $h(ch (t c nnot be #r(*en $ ! *er! soon" unless (t be t K3. Th(s" ho$e*er" $oul# +ount to n #+(ss(on of the (nfer(or(t! of the $hole of Bl ck's )l n. There re t$o +o*es $h(ch #eser*e cons(#er t(on to PFK;" n +el!" 3. ... PFKO H1rench ,efenceI FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF P ge OM s )rel(+(n r!

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt M S &R S&Kt S&B S &K S &K S &B S&Kt S &R S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S &P S &P S S S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S S S &P S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S &P S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S LP S LP S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S LP S S S LP S LP SLP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR SLKt S LB S LK S LK S LB SLKt SLR S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. '5 n# PFKBO HC roFK nn #efenceI. After '. PFK;" PFK;" $e tt (n the )os(t(ons set out (n the ,( gr +s '5 n# 'M" to $h(ch $e +ust #e*ote goo# #e l of ttent(on. These o)en(ngs re $orth! of stu#! s be(ng es)ec( ll! (nterest(ng ex +)les of the struggle for the centre. As e rl! s the th(r# +o*e" 0h(te h s to t ke n (+)ort nt #ec(s(on. .s he to )l ! PFK= n# )re*ent the o)en(ng of FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S &KtS &B S &K S &K S &B S &KtS &R S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S &P S S S &P S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S &P S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S &P S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S LP S LP S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S LP S S S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S LKtS LB S LK S LK S LB S LKtS LR S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 'M the K or K f(le for long t(+e to co+e" or shoul# he )rocee# to #e*elo) h(s )(eces" n# le *e Bl ck the o)t(on of nt(c() t(ng the block(ng of the centre b! )l !(ng PxP h(+selfU . sh ll f(rst turn +! ttent(on to those g +es (n $h(ch 0h(te )l !s PFK=" st rt(ng $(th the 1rench ,efence" fter $h(ch the C roFK nn ,efence $(ll be e s(l! un#erstoo#. The )os(t(on $h(ch ensues (n the centre fter 3. PFK;" PFKOQ '. PFK;" PFK;Q O. PFK=" #(*(#es the bo r# #( gon ll!" n# (t (s e s! to recogn(se roughl! the + (n l(nes of )l ! $h(ch $(ll go*ern the g +e. 0h(te h s +ore sco)e on the K(ng's s(#e" $here h(s )(eces P ge O4

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt $(ll h *e gre ter +ob(l(t!" n# )ros)ects of tt ck. Bl ck's ch nces re on the Kueen's s(#e. Both s(#es $(ll h *e to #* nce +ore ) $ns (n or#er to obt (n o)en(ngs for the(r Rooks" n# use the+ for the tt ck" s(nce the! h *e no future on the K n# K f(les" s $ s the c se (n the o)en(ngs +ent(one# h(therto. The ob*(ous +o*es to th(s en# re7 for 0h(te the #* nce of the KBP" for Bl ck th t of the KBP n# so+et(+es e*en of the KKtP" th t (s $hen the KBP h s not been exch nge# for the o))os(ng KP" but h s )ushe# on to B=. .n ,( gr +s '4 + noeu*res. 0h(te's ) $n n# O: $e see the ch (ns of ) $ns for+e# b! these

tt ck (s +ore # ngerous th n Bl ck's"

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S &P S S S S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S S S &P S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S &P S &P S LP S LP S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S LP S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S LP S S S S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S S S S S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. '4 bec use (t (n*ol*es #(rect ss ult on the K(ng. An# $e sh ll see th t Bl ck $(ll usu ll! be co+)elle# to sus)en# o)er t(ons on the Kueen's s(#e te+)or r(l!" to $ r# off the stor+ b! the FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S S S S S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S S S &P S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S &P S LP S LP S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S &P S &P S LP S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S LP S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S S S S S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S S S S S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. O: 0h(te P $ns on the K(ng's s(#e. He $(ll tte+)t th(s e(ther b! PF P ge ;:

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt KBO tt ck(ng 0h(te's centre or b! PFKB; )re*ent(ng 0h(te fro+ )l !(ng PFB=. .n the l tter c se 0h(te c n onl! + ke bre ch (n the Bl ck b rr(er b! )l !(ng PFKKt; s $ell. These + noeu*res result (n the ) $n for+ t(ons g(*en (n ,( gr +s O3 n# O'. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S &P S S S S S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S S S &P S &P S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S &P S &P S LP S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S LP S S LP S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S LP S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S S S S S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S S S S S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. O3 0e +ust no$ turn to the #e*elo)+ent of the )(eces corres)on#(ng to these ) $n skeletons. .f 0h(te )l !s PFK= FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S &P S S S S S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S S S &P S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S &P S &P S LP S &P S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S LP S S LP S LP S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S LP S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S S S S S S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S S S S S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. O' on h(s th(r# +o*e" he )re*ents the Bl ck KKt fro+ re ch(ng KBO" $hence he +(ght h *e +o*e# to K'. Th(s (s #es(r ble )os(t(on" fro+ $h(ch he coul# su))ort the #* nce of PFKB;. But the Kn(ght h s other ch nces of #e*elo)+ent" to KRO n# B;" $hence he c n t ke h(s sh re (n the tt ck on the 0h(te P $n t K;. .n consePuence 0h(te +ust )ost)one PFKB; (n or#er not to (nterce)t the ct(on of the KB on R>. Bo$" (n th t c se 0h(te's P $n t h(s K= h s not suff(c(ent su))ort g (nst the tt ck b! Bl ck's PFKBO H,( gr + O3I" n# the l tter +o*e g(*es Bl ck the #* nt ge. The t$o + (n * r( t(ons (llustr t(*e of these cons(#er t(ons re7 . P ge ;3

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt O. ;. =. >. 5. PFK= PFKBO PFKB; PxP KtFKBO .. O. PFK= ;. PFKBO =. KtFBO PFKB; KtFKBO PFBO PFKB; KtFKBO PxP KFKtO KtFRO

.n both c ses the (n(t( t(*e f lls to Bl ck" (n the f(rst through the tt ck on 0h(te's K;" the + (nst ! of 0h(te's centreQ (n the secon# through tt ck on 0h(te's K=" the 0h(te centre (tself. 0e +ust therefore cons(#er 0h(te's #* nce of PFK= on the th(r# +o*e s )re+ ture. %et us no$ f(n# out $hether (t (s #* nt geous to effect the s +e subsePuentl!. A #e*elo)(ng +o*e c n be (nter)ol te#" e.g. O. KtFKBO" KtFKBO. .f 0h(te )l !s PFK= no$ he g (ns t(+e for h(s #* nce of PFKB;" s Bl ck's Kn(ght +ust retre t. @n the other h n# he c nnot no$ + (nt (n h(s ) $n t K;" s he h s blocke# h(s KBP. 0e rr(*e t the follo$(ng )l n of #e*elo)+ent7 O. ;. =. >. KtFKBO PFK= PFB; PxP KtFKBO KKtFK' PFKB; KtFKBO

.f Bl ck $ere to )l ! BxP t once" 0h(te coul# )l ! KFKt; $(th n tt ck on the Kn(ght's P $n. Th t (s the object of Bl ck's $ (t(ng +o*e. 0h(te +ust e(ther )l ! 5. KtFBO" $h(ch )re*ents h(s KFKt;" or 5. BFKO" fter $h(ch Bl ck $oul# t ke the ) $n on B; $(th h(s Kn(ght" gett(ng r(# of the 0h(te B(sho). 5. KFKt; t once $oul# be ns$ere# b! PFB;. 5. KtFBO M. BFKO BxP PFB;

Bl ck c nnot c stle !et" on ccount of the follo$(ng thre t" $h(ch . g(*e (n full bec use (t occurs frePuentl! (n )r ct(ce7 M. ... C stlesQ 4. BxPch" KxBQ 3:. KtFKt=ch" KFKt37 33. KFR=" RF K3Q 3'. KxPchQ 3O. KFR=chQ 3;. KFR5chQ 3=. KFRMchQ 3>. KxP + te. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S S &B S &K S &K S S S &R S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S &P S S &KtS S S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S &KtS S &P S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S &B S &P S LP S &P S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S S S LP S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S LKtS LB S S LKtS S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S LP S S S S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S S LB S LK S LK S S S LR S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H P ge ;'

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt ,( g. OO The )os(t(on (n the #( gr + see+s f *our ble to Bl ck c nnot c stle for so+e t(+e. s 0h(te

1or th t re son nother l(ne of )l ! h s co+e to the fore (n $h(ch 0h(te exch nges h(s (n ct(*e KB for Bl ck's troubleso+e KB. O. ;. =. >. KtFKBO BFKt= PFK= BxB KtFKBO BFK' KKtFK' KxB

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S &KtS&B S S &K S S S &R S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S &P S &P S &KtS &K S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S S S &P S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S &P S LP S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S LP S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S LKtS S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S LP S S S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S S S LK S LK S LB S LKtS LR S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. O; 0h(te h s no$ the cho(ce of t$o l(nes of #e*elo)+ent. He c n e(ther )re) re for PFKBO to su))ort h(s KP. or he c n #e*elo) h(s K(ng's s(#e" hol#(ng the P t K= onl! . 5. M. 4. 3:. 33. 3'. 3O. KtFKt= PFKBO KtFKRO PFKB; KtFB' KtFBO BFKO KtFKtO PFKRO PFKB; KtFBO C stles BFK' PFB; s +ent(one# KtFR= PFKKt; bo*e" $ s thre tene#.

The s cr(f(ce BxPch" 3;. C stles 3=. RFKt3

.f 0h(te #oes not $(sh to lose so + n! +o*es $(th h(s Kt" he c n effect the (nten#e# )rotect(on of h(s KP s follo$s7 5. KFK' not PFKB; PFKRO

t once" bec use of KtFKt=. M. KtFK3 4. PFKBO PFKB; P ge ;O

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt .. 5. M. 4. 3:. n# so on. .n both c ses 0h(te h s n e s! #e*elo)+ent" $h(lst Bl ck h s no con*en(ent sPu re for h(s Kueen's B(sho). To *o(# th(s #r $b ck Rub(nste(n h s e*ol*e# the follo$(ng * r( t(on" (n $h(ch )ro*(s(on (s + #e fro+ the f(rst for the free#o+ of ct(on of the Kueen's B(sho)7 O. KtFKBO ;. BFKt= KtFKBO PxP t KKt'" e.g.7 PFB; KtFBO BFKO C stles C stles PFKB; PFB; KtFKBO

to o)en the #( gon l for the B(sho) =. KtxP >. KtFKBO follo$e# b! PFKKtO KKtFK' BFK' n# BFKt'.

0e $(ll no$ le *e the 1rench #efence n# turn our ttent(on to the C roFK nn" of $h(ch the (n(t( l )os(t(on $ s sho$n (n ,( gr + 'M. Here lso $e f(n# t$o essent( ll! #(fferent s!ste+s of #e*elo)+ent" ccor#(ng to $hether 0h(te )l !s PFK= or g(*es Bl ck the o)t(on of exch ng(ng ) $ns b! O. KtFKBO. .n the f(rst c se *er! not(ce ble #(fference fro+ the 1rench #efence (s" th t Bl ck c n br(ng out h(s Kueen's B(sho). Here the )rocess of #e*elo)+ent + ! be7 O. PFK= ;. BFKO BFB; BxB

Bot BFKtO" bec use 0h(te coul# )l ! PFK>6 n# ) r l!se the $hole of Bl ck's g +e b! )re*ent(ng h(s )l !(ng the K(ng's P $n. =. KxB PFKO >. KtFK' or KRO Through th(s the +o*e PFKB;" $h(ch f(ts (nto th(s ) $n for+ t(on" (s ke)t (n reser*e. 0h(le 0h(te's #e*elo)+ent (s e s! n# n tur l" Bl ck h s #(ff(cult! (n f(n#(ng goo# )l ces for h(s K(ng's s(#e )(eces. The g +e c n )rocee# gener ll! s)e k(ng on the l(nes of the 1rench #efence. @nl! Bl ck c n h r#l! tt ck 0h(te's centre $(th PFBO" s(nce the P $n t KO $oul# be $e k (n the bsence of the Kueen's B(sho). @n the other h n#" Bl ck $oul# be +o*e beh(n# $(th n tt ck on the Kueen's s(#e" s(nce to re ch KB; h(s ) $n $oul# h *e + #e t$o +o*es (nste # of one s (n the 1rench #efence. A cert (n co+)ens t(on l(es (n the f ct th t 0h(te's tt ck(ng K(ng's B(sho) h s been exch nge#. .n )r ct(c l )l ! (t h s ne*ertheless been sho$n th t 0h(te's tt ck (s +ore l(kel! to succee#" n# for th(s re son * r( t(on (ntro#uce# b! B(e+No$(tsch h s been tr(e# se*er l t(+esQ (t (+s t the exch nge of Kueens (n or#er to $e ken n# ret r# 0h(te's P ge ;;

thre tene#

tt ck"

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt n# to g (n t(+e for Kueen's s(#e o)er t(ons. KFKtO KFRO or Kt;

>. ... 5. C stles

But fter M. KtFB;" KxKQ 4. KtxK" 0h(te (s so +uch he # $(th h(s #e*elo)+ent th t Bl ck's ch nce of ePu l(s(ng the g +e $oul# see+ Puest(on ble. .f 0h(te )l !s KtFKRO on h(s s(xth +o*e" he fo(ls t once Bl ck's tte+)t of forc(ng n exch nge of Kueens" s he coul# )l ! M. KF KKtO. @n the $hole $e c n conclu#e th t (n the C roFK nn #efence 0h(te obt (ns goo# g +e b! O. PFK=. A l(ne of )l ! $h(ch use# to be (n *ogue" n +el!" O. KtFKBO" PxPQ ;. KtxP" KtFBOQ =. KtxKtch" KPxKt or KtPxKt" g(*es Bl ck n e*en ch nce" for lthough he loses h(s centre ) $n he obt (ns goo# #e*elo)+ent" n# l ter (n the g +e he h s o))ortun(t(es of exerc(s(ng )ressure on 0h(te's KP through h(s o)en K f(le. Exce)t the 1rench #efence n# the C roFK nn" there (s no g +e (n $h(ch n (rregul r re)l! to 0h(te's 3. PFK; necess(t tes n! s)ec( l cons(#er t(ons e(ther (n #e*elo)+ent of )(eces or ) $n for+ t(on. .n ll such c ses (t (s suff(c(ent to + (nt (n the ) $n centre n# to occu)! such sPu res $(th the )(eces" $hence the! c nnot be #r(*en $ ! $(th the loss of +o*e. 8ust one ex +)le7 .f Bl ck )l !s 3. ... PFKB; HS(c(l( n #efenceI" 0h(te $(ll not )l ! h(s K(ng's B(sho) to B;" bec use Bl ck c n re)l! PF KO" n# g (n +o*e b! PFK;. B. %et us no$ cons(#er the o)en(ngs (n $h(ch the f(rst +o*e (s 3. PFK; on e(ther s(#e. Here the centre c nnot be cle re# s e rl! s (n the o)en(ngs beg(nn(ng $(th 3. PFK;" PFK;. The #* nce of secon# centre ) $n" $h(ch there le# to cle r nce" (s not fe s(ble (n th(s c se. 0h(te #oes not co++ n# h(s K;" n# for so+e t(+e to co+e he $(ll be un ble to #* nce the K ) $n be!on# KO. .n consePuence the K f(le #oes not see+ l(kel! o)en(ng for the Rooks" n# nother f(le +ust be foun# for the+. The conclus(ons rr(*e# t for Bl ck (n the 1rench #efence hol# goo# for both s(#es (n the o)en(ng no$ un#er cons(#er t(on" n# ccor#(ngl! the KB f(le (s th t +ost #* nt geous for the Rooks. The #* nce of the KBP str(kes t the o))os(ng centre" n#" th t be(ng of ) r +ount (+)ort nce" the Kueen's Kn(ght +ust not be #e*elo)e# t BO before the KBP h s been )ushe# on. Another #e*elo)+ent +(ght be conce(* ble for the RooksQ *(N. on the KB f(le" n# lso the KKt or KR f(leQ here" s $e sh ll see" n occ s(on + ! r(se for stor+(ng the o))os(ng K(ng's s(#e b! ) $n tt ck. But (n th(s c se" too" lthough (t see+s unnecess r! to )l ! the KBP" (t (s #*(s ble to #e*elo) the Kn(ght *( K'" s there (s const nt thre t of the KB f(le be(ng force# o)en subsePuentl! b! the o))os(ng forces. 0e $(ll st rt $(th the g +es (n $h(ch the KB P $ns re )l !e# (n the e rl(est st ges of the o)en(ng" so th t the ) $n skeleton (n ,( gr + O= for+s the b s(s of #e*elo)+ent. The sePuence of +o*es (s of +o+ent" bec use the #* nce of the KP" $hether force# or not" #eter+(nes the )oss(b(l(t! of br(ng(ng out the K B(sho)s. The s(+)lest )rocess of #e*elo)+ent b se# on ,( gr + O= (s the follo$(ng" (n $h(ch both s(#es block u) the KB. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF P ge ;=

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt M S &R S &KtS &B S &K S &K S &B S &KtS &R S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S &P S S S S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S S S &P S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S &P S &P S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S LP S LP S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S S S LP S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S S S S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S LKtS LB S LK S LK S LB S LKtS LR S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. O= '. O. ;. =. >. 5. PFKO KtFKBO PFB; KtFBO BFKO C stles. PFKO KtFKBO PFB; KtFBO BFKO C stles

The onl! useful sPu re for the KB's on e(ther s(#e (s no$ t Kt'" n# M. PFKKtO" PFKKtO re (n#(c te#. To )l ! PFKKtO before c stl(ng (s *er! # ngerous" bec use Bl ck c n )l ! PxKP n# )(n the 0h(te KKt $(th BFKt=" forc(ng BFK'" $hen BFKt' $ s the +o*e (nten#e#" e.g. >. PFKKtO" BPxPQ 5. KPxP" BFKt=Q M. BFKt'" KtFK=Q 4. KFB'" KFR;Q 3:. RFKB3" KxP. .n or#er not to rel(nPu(sh the sPu re lso tr! the follo$(ng + noeu*re7 >. 5. M. 4. PxBP PFKRO PFKKt; BFKt' BxP C stles BFKO t KKt; to Bl ck" 0h(te c n

.f Bl ck (+(t tes 0h(te's +o*es" *(N. 4. ... PxPQ 3:. BxP" PFKROQ 33. C stles" PFKKt;Q 3'. BFKO" BFKt'" the result (s the s!++etr(c l )os(t(on (n ,( gr + O>. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S S S &K S S &R S &K S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S &B S S S S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S &P S S &KtS &B S &P S &KtS S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S &P S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S LP S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S LP S S LKtS LB S LP S LKtS S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S S LB S S S S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S S S LK S S LR S LK S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF P ge ;>

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt E 1 G H

,( g. O> 0hen tre t(ng of the +(##le g +e" $e sh ll f(n# th t e*en (n th(s )) rentl! full! ePu l(se# )os(t(on the (nfluence of the f(rst +o*e (s st(ll t $ork. .n or#er to obt (n +ore thorough un#erst n#(ng of the Kueen's P $n g +e" $e +ust no$ turn our ttent(on *er! closel! to the o)en(ng +o*es. Alre #! on the secon# +o*e 0h(te c n )l ! '. PFKB; n# turn the g +e (nto Kueen's g +b(t" $h(ch Bl ck c n e(ther cce)t or #ecl(ne. Bl ck $oul# be just(f(e# (n )l !(ng '. ... PxP" n# so further(ng 0h(te's object of gett(ng h(s HBl ck'sI Kueen's P $n $ !" (f he coul# )er+ nentl! hol# the g +b(t ) $n" or (f the g(*(ng u) of the sPu re t K; f(ts (nto re sone# s!ste+ of #e*elo)+ent. The l tter $ s" for (nst nce" the c se (n the )l ! le #(ng to the )os(t(on sho$n (n the ,( gr + O>. But Bl ck (s $ell #*(se# to $ (t unt(l 0h(te h s +o*e# the K(ng's B(sho) before t k(ng the ) $n on h(s KB=. Th(s forces the B(sho) to +o*e t$(ce" n# Bl ck reg (ns the +o*e he lost (n h(s #e*elo)+ent" $hen he )l !e# PxP. .t $oul# be Pu(te (ncorrect to tr! to hol# the ) $n b! PFKKt; follo$s7 '. O. ;. =. PFKB; KtFKBO PFKO PFKR; PxP KtFKBO PFKKt; s

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S &KtS &B S &K S &K S &B S S &R S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S S &P S S &P S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S S S S &KtS S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S &P S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S LP S S &P S LP S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S S S LP S LKtS S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S S LP S S S S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S LKtS LB S LK S LK S LB S S LR S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. O5 .f no$ Bl ck ns$ers PxP" 0h(te s(+)l! )l !s BxP n# the P t R= (s lost *er! soon. .f Bl ck )l !s (nste #7 =. ... PFBO" 0h(te $(ns b ck h(s ) $n $(th >. PFKKtO" PxKt PQ 5. PxP" PxPQ M. BxPch b! KxP" n# +oreo*er (s +uch he # $(th h(s #e*elo)+ent. These cons(#er t(ons )o(nt to the conclus(on th t fter '. PFKB; there (s no (n#uce+ent for Bl ck to t ke the ) $n. @n the contr r!" he $(ll co*er h(s centre ) $n" $h(ch 0h(te $(shes to te+)t $ !" e(ther $(th PFKO or PFKBO. The tte+)t to #e*elo) the Kueen's B(sho) before )l !(ng PFKO (s not to be reco++en#e#" bec use the K Kt's ) $n re+ (ns un)rotecte# n# o)en to n P ge ;5

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt (++e#( te tt ck b! O. KFKtO. @f the t$o re+ (n(ng re)l(es" '. ... PFKO n# '. ... PFKBO" . $(ll f(rst #(scuss the for+er" s be(ng the +ore n tur l of the t$o" s(nce PFKBO #oes not f(t (nto the sche+e for o)en(ng the KB f(le for the Rooks. 0h(te" on the other h n#" c n br(ng out h(s KB before )l !(ng PFKO" (n th(s $ !7 '. PFKB;" PFKOQ O. KtFKBO" KtFKBOQ ;. BFKt=" n# the g +e +(ght )rocee# s follo$s7 ;. ... K KtFK'. H,( gr + OM.I Bo f ult c n be foun# $(th th(s +o*e" lthough (t blocks the B(sho)" s(nce the l tter c n onl! be #e*elo)e# effect(*el! t Kt'. 9oreo*er" the Kn(ght t K' su))orts the )rojecte# PFB;. 0h(te c nnot $(n ) $n no$ $(th =. PxP" PxPQ >. KtxP" bec use of KtxKtQ 5. BxK" BFKt=ch. Therefore =. PFKO +ust be )l !e# f(rst" n# fter BFK'Q >. KtFBO" C stlesQ 5. RFB3" PFKKtOQ M. PxP" PxPQ 4. BFKO" BFKt'" ll the )(eces h *e foun# r t(on l #e*elo)+ent. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S S &B S &K S &K S &B S S &R S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S &P S &P S&Kt S S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S S S &P S&Kt S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S &P S S S LB S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S LP S LP S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S SLKt S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S S S LP S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S S S LK S LK S LB SLKt S LR S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. OM Ku(te #(fferent s!ste+ of o)en(ng ensues" $hen Bl ck #oes not #el ! )ush(ng the P to KB; unt(l fter h(s )(eces re #e*elo)e#" but + kes the #* nce on h(s th(r# +o*e. Here Bl ck h s the #* nt ge of be(ng of h(s Kn(ght b! the o))os(ng KB. '. PFKB; O. KtFKBO ;. KtFBO PFKO PFKB; KtFKBO6 ble to *o(# the )(nn(ng

Bo$ Bl ck thre tens KPxP $(th n tt ck on 0h(te's Kueen's P $n. .f 0h(te )l !s PFKO $e get the )os(t(on +ent(one# (n connect(on $(th ,( gr + O=. .f he $(shes to br(ng out h(s KB f(rst" he +ust nt(c() te Bl ck's thre t b! BPxP. After =. BPxP KPxP

the th(r# of the t!)(c l + (n )os(t(ons (n the Kueen's g +b(t ensues" n# (s g(*en (n ,( gr + O4. T$o cont(nu t(ons +ust no$ be cons(#ere#. 0h(te c n e(ther #e*elo) h(s KB t Kt'" n# concentr te on the Bl ck KP" $h(ch (s so+e$h t $e k" or he c n P ge ;M

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt )l ce the KB on one of the * (l ble sPu res bet$een B3 n# R>. .n the f(rst (nst nce" the KP nee# not be )l !e# t ll" n# the KB FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S S &B S &K S &K S &B S&Kt S &R S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S &P S S S S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S&Kt S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S &P S &P S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S LP S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S SLKt S S SLKt S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S S S LP S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S S LB S LK S LK S LB S S LR S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. O4 ret (ns the o)t(on of #e*elo)(ng t Kt=" B;" n# e*en KO. .n the secon#" $here the K +ust + ke roo+ for the KB" 0h(te +ust #ec(#e t once bet$een BFB; or Kt=" n# onl! B; c n be ser(ousl! cons(#ere# on ccount of >. BFKt= 5. BxB BFK' KtxB

$h(ch onl! furthers Bl ck's #e*elo)+ent. 0h(te $oul# onl! be just(f(e# (n th(s course (f he coul# no$ $(n ) $n $(th M. PxP" but Bl ck $oul# $(n (t b ck n# h *e the su)er(or g +e fter M. ... 4. KtFK; PFK= C stles

follo$e# b! BFB; n# KFR;ch. The correct +o*e (n th(s * r( t(on (s consePuentl! >. BFB;" n# )oss(ble cont(nu t(on $oul# be7 KtFKBOQ 5. PFKO" BFKOQ M. RFKB3 or BFKKt= or BFKO. 0(th th(s $e $(ll close the #(scuss(on of the * r( t(ons (n(t( te# b! '. PFKB;" PFKO" n# stu#! the re)l! '. ... PFKBO. The f(rst Puest(on $h(ch r(ses (n our +(n# (s7 0h(ch f(le $(ll Bl ck be ble to ut(l(se for h(s RooksU An tte+)t to free the K(ng's f(le through PFK; (s conce(* ble. But 0h(te c n )re*ent th(s b! s(+)l! )l !(ng KtFKBO. T$o other )oss(b(l(t(es )resent the+sel*es7 fter )l !(ng PFKO" KtFBO n# KKtFK'" Bl ck coul# steer (nto l(ne s(+(l r to the Kueen's g +b(t cce)te# $(th PxP n# PFKB;" or he coul# kee) the centre close# $(th PFKB; n# KtFBO" $(th the (ntent(on of )l !(ng KtFK= n# us(ng the KB f(le for ct(* t(ng h(s Rook *( KBO. ,( gr + ;: g(*es the )os(t(on re che# fter7 O. KtFKBO ;. PFKO =. KtFK= PFKO KtFKB; KtFBO

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF P ge ;4

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt M S &R S&Kt S &B S &K S &K S &B S S &R S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S &P S S S S S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S &P S S &P S&Kt S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S &P SLKt S &P S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S LP S LP S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S S S LP S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S S S S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR SLKt S LB S LK S LK S LB S S LR S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. ;: 0h(te $oul# not cco+)l(sh +uch $(th >. PFKB;. The +ore or less s!++etr(c l l(neu) of the )(eces $oul# +ost l(kel! le # to #r $ fter Bl ck )ro)erl! )re) res free(ng h(s he++e#F(n B(sho) $(th PFKKtO n# BFKt'. A better )l n $oul# be >. PFBO" )re*ent(ng KtF K= n# )re) r(ng the e*entu l #* nce of the K(ng's P $n to K;. .n re)l! to >. ... " KKtFK' 0h(te $oul# then r ther )l ! 5. KtFKO th n exch nge Kn(ghts" s fter th(s exch nge (t $oul# not be too #(ff(cult for Bl ck to br(ng h(s B(sho) (nto )l ! on the K(ng's $(ng *( K3. Both of 0h(te's B(sho)s $oul# be best )l ce# on Kt'. Th(s -Stone$ ll- o)en(ng c n lso be )l !e# b! 0h(te" $ho (s then +o*e to the goo# (n the * r( t(on just sho$n. But th(s o)en(ng h s )r ct(c ll! #(s ))e re# fro+ +o#ern tourn +ent g +es" s(+)l! bec use the KB c nnot e s(l! be brought (nto )l !. The follo$(ng * r( t(on (s re+(n(scent of the -Stone$ ll- (n the for+ t(on of the centre ) $ns. 0h(te #e*elo)s h(s Kueen's s(#e just s Bl ck #(# (n the o)en(ng sho$n (n connect(on $(th ,( gr + OM. '. O. ;. =. >. 5. M. KtFKBO PFKO BFKO PFKKtO BFKt' KKtFK' PxP PFKB; KtFKBO KtFBO PFKO BFKO PxP C stles

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S S &B S &K S S &R S &K S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S &P S S S S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S &KtS &B S &P S &KtS S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S &P S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S LP S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S LP S S LB S S LKtS S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LB S LP S LKtS S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS P ge =:

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt 3 S LR S S S LK S LK S S S LR S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. ;3 0h(te c n no$ settle h(s Kn(ght t K=" n# (n(t( te *(olent K(ng's s(#e tt ck fter c stl(ng" b! PFKB;" KFBO" $h(ch coul# be cont(nue# $(th PFKKt;" KFR3" RFKKt3" n# so on. @nce the )os(t(on (n ,( gr + ;3 h s been re che#" Bl ck's resources g (nst the # ngerous onsl ught of the 0h(te forces re sc nt!. Yet he c n ret l( te" not b! + k(ng the s(+)lest n# +ost ob*(ous #e*elo)(ng +o*es" s +ent(one# before" but (n the follo$(ng $ !7 .f 0h(te )l !s =. PFKKtO before c stl(ng" Bl ck exch nges ) $ns n# checks $(th the Kueen. Bo$ 0h(te h s the #(s gree ble cho(ce bet$een BFK' n# PFBO. The for+er +ust be b #" be(ng contr r! to the )l n of #e*elo)+ent s (nten#e# b! PFKKtO. The l tter blocks the *er! #( gon l on $h(ch the B(sho) $ s +e nt to o)er te. 0h(te c n o)en u) the #( gon l b! )l !(ng PFKB; fter c stl(ng" nor $oul# (t re ll! (+)l! the loss of +o*e to h *e )l !e# the BP t$(ce" s(nce Bl ck +ust +o*e h(s Kueen g (n fro+ R;" $here she h s no future. But (n n! c se there re+ (ns the #(s #* nt ge th t 0h(te $ s force# to )l ! the BP" $h(lst before he h # the o)t(on of $(thhol#(ng (ts #* nce unt(l +ore o))ortune +o+ent. Another )oss(ble subtlet! (n Bl ck's sePuence of #e*elo)(ng +o*es $oul# be to $(thhol# the #* nce of h(s KP unt(l 0h(te h s )l !e# PFKKtO" n# then to )l ! the KB to Kt=. 1or" s . h *e lre #! re+ rke#" the object(on to #e*elo)(ng Bl ck's Kueen's B(sho) l(es (n 0h(te's thre t to tt ck Bl ck's KKtP $(th KFKtO. Th t )oss(b(l(t! #(s ))e rs fter PFKKtO. Before br(ng(ng the #(scuss(on of the Kueen's P $n o)en(ng to close" . + ! re+ rk th t (n tourn +ents (t h s beco+e usu l for 0h(te not to )l ! PFKB; t once" but to )l ! KtFKBO s )rel(+(n r!" (n or#er to *o(# the co+)l(c t(ons of the Kueen's counter g +b(t7 '. PFKB;" PFK;. .f 0h(te )l !s O. PxKP" Bl ck's re)l! (s PFK=" n# the ob*(ous +o*e ;. PFKO f (ls on ccount of the follo$(ng )rett! co+b(n t(on7 BFFKt=chQ =. BFFK'" PxPQ >. BxB" PxPchQ 5. KFK'" PxKtch66Q M. RxKt" BFKt=ch" etc. .nste # of ;. PFKO" 0h(te shoul# )l ! PFKKtO n# #e*elo) h(s KB t Kt'. Bl ck coul# no$ tr! to reg (n h(s ) $n $(th KtFK'FKtO" but he c n lso s cr(f(ce ) $n b! PFKBO" $(th *(e$ to r )(# #e*elo)+ent. .t no$ onl! re+ (ns for us to #(sco*er $hether Bl ck h s n! other ns$er to PFK; $h(ch $oul# necess(t te close n l!s(s on 0h(te's ) rt. Here +ust be +ent(one#7 3. ... KtFKBO" 3. ... PFKB;" n# 3. ... PFKB;. The for+er +o*e )re) res PFKO" follo$e# b! PFK;. .n th(s o)en(ng there (s no re son $h! 0h(te shoul# )l ! PFKB;" s there (s no )ros)ect of o)en(ng the KB f(le for the Rooks. 1urther+ore" Bl ck h s rel(nPu(she# the sPu re K; n# + #e K; the b s(s of o)er t(ons. .t $(ll be +ore #*(s ble to )re*ent Bl ck fro+ )l !(ng PFK; s f r s th(s c n be ch(e*e# (n confor+(t! $(th log(c l #e*elo)+ent" e.g. 3. PFK;" KtFKBOQ '. KtFKBO. Bot '. KtF KBO" bec use Bl ck coul# then le # (nto the Kueen's g +b(t b! )l !(ng PFK; n# PFKB;" fter $h(ch 0h(te h s the #(s #* nt ge of P ge =3

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt not be(ng ble to o)en the KB f(le. '. ... PFKOQ O. BFB;" KKtFK'Q ;. PFKO. Bo$ Bl ck c n onl! enforce PFK; fter PFBO n# KB'. 9e n$h(le 0h(te +ob(l(ses ll h(s )(eces" $h(lst Bl ck's KB re+ (ns blocke# n# the Kt +ust re+ (n t K' to co*er the KP. .f" on the other h n#" Bl ck exch nges ) $ns (n or#er to free the Kn(ght" there (s no Bl ck centre left. 0(th reg r# to the secon# (rregul r re)l! to 3. PFK;" n +el!" 3. ... PFKB;" t$o $ !s re o)en to 0h(te. @ne (s to turn the o)en(ng (nto n or#(n r! Kueen's g +b(t b! )l !(ng PFKO" on $h(ch Bl ck c n )l ! PFK;. The secon# (s to )l ! '. PFK=. Bl ck $(ll then #e*elo) h(s K(ng's s(#e $(th PFKKtO n# BFKt'. The B(sho) (s $ell )oste# here" n# c n frePuentl! t ke u) n tt ck(ng )os(t(on t K; or K=. HSee G +e Bo. ;=" Rub(nste(n *. S)(el+ nn.I .f 0h(te )l !s '. PxP" $e h *e fter '. ... PFKO Kueen's g +b(t cce)te# b! 0h(te" n#" s )o(nte# out before" th(s l(ne of )l ! (s not co++en# ble. The l st of the three (rregul r ns$ers +ent(one# bo*e7 3. ... PFKB; le #s to t$o ent(rel! #(fferent )l ns" ccor#(ng to the secon# +o*e chosen b! 0h(te. 0h(te c n conf(ne h(+self to s(+)le #e*elo)+ent such s7 KtF KBO" BFKt=" PFKO" KKtFK' HKtFBO $oul# onl! be goo# (f )rece#e# b! PFB;" bec use Bl ck $oul# g (n le # (nto Kueen's g +b(t $(th PFK; n# PFKB;I. The other )oss(b(l(t! (s the follo$(ng7 (n *(e$ of the f ct th t 3. ... PFKB; #oes bsolutel! noth(ng to (# #e*elo)+ent" 0h(te c n (n(t( te *(olent tt ck b! g(*(ng u) h(s K(ng's P $n HPFK;I n# thus cceler te h(s o$n #e*elo)+ent. The )l ! +(ght be s follo$s7 '. ... PxPQ O. KtFKBO" KtFKBOQ ;. BF KKt=" PFBO HPFK;U =. BxKt follo$e# b! KFR=chIQ =. PFBO. .f Bl ck t kes the ) $n he l !s h(+self o)en to n tt ck h r# to +eet. .t see+s best to )l ! =. ... PFK>" $h(ch c lls b ck the 0h(te KB n# le *es 0h(te's BP s h(n#r nce to the #e*elo)+ent of the KKt.

.RREGA%AR @PEB.BGS

9 n! o)en(ngs (n $h(ch ne(ther PFK; nor PFK; (s the f(rst +o*e le # to $ellFkno$n )os(t(ons b! s(+)le tr ns)os(t(on of +o*es. 1or (nst nce" Kueen's g +b(t + ! $ell h *e the follo$(ng o)en(ng +o*es7 3. PFKB;" KtFKBOQ '. KtFKBO" PFKOQ O. KtFBO" PFB;Q ;. PFKO" PFK;Q =. PFK;" or 1rench #efence these7 3. KtFKBO" PF K;Q '. PFK;" KtFKBOQ O. BFKt=" PFKOQ ;. PFK;. There re" of course" s!ste+s of o)en(ng $h(ch #e*( te bsolutel! fro+ those $h(ch h *e been )ro*e# soun# n# re (n gener l use" n# (t (s those o)en(ngs th t )uNNle the beg(nner +ost of ll. He s !s7 0h t (s the goo# of le rn(ng correct o)en(ngs" (f +! o))onent )l !s (ncorrectl! n# $(ns ll the s +eU Th(s l(ne of thought (s $rong fro+ (ts (nce)t(on. The stu#ent (s not su))ose# to -le rn- o)en(ngs b! he rt" but to AB,ERSTAB, ho$ the gener l )r(nc()les of Chess Str teg! re ))l(e# to n! o)en(ng. Such kno$le#ge c n ne*er be obt (ne# fro+ t bul te# n l!s(s" but c n onl! be rr(*e# t b! the ))l(c t(on of co++on sense. .f )l !er succee#s (n $(nn(ng (n s)(te of n (nfer(or o)en(ng" (t onl! )ro*es th t subsePuentl! he h s )l !e# stronger g +e th n h(s o))onent" $ho" fter )l !(ng the o)en(ng ccor#(ng to the book" #(# not kno$ ho$ to )rocee# further. An# here(n l(es the P ge ='

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt $e kness" n# not (n the bsence of kno$le#ge of the n l!s(s of o)en(ngs. The l tter (s r te# f r too h(ghl!. An! )l !er $(ll hol# h(s o$n (n the o)en(ng" s soon s he h s gr s)e# the re l +e n(ng of those )r(nc()les $h(ch . c nnot re)e t often enough" *(N.7 3st" Pu(ck #e*elo)+ent of )(eces n# *o(# nce of lost +o*esQ 'n#" the + (nten nce of ) $n centre" h +)er(ng the #e*elo)+ent of the o))os(ng forces" n# the *o(# nce of ) $n +o*es th t #o not contr(bute to the #e*elo)+ent of )(eces. Ho$ to con#uct the +(##le g +e n# en#Fg +e (s not ent(rel! + tter of #e#uct(on fro+ such gener l rules. .n or#er to )l ! the en#Fg +e correctl!" one +ust kno$ cert (n th(ngs n# )os(t(ons $h(ch r(se fro+ n# + ! be s (# to be )ecul( r to the )urel! rb(tr r! rules of chess. The s +e ))l(es to the +(##le g +e" s (n +ost c ses (t +ust be )l !e# $(th *(e$ to the en#Fg +e $h(ch ensues" unless there be ch nce of + t(ng the o))onent before. The stu#ent shoul# h *e" therefore" kno$le#ge of the en#Fg +e before he c n ho)e to be ble to con#uct the +(##le g +e eff(c(entl!. 1or th(s re son . h *e #ec(#e# to tre t of the en#F g +e f(rst.

CHAPTER 2 THE EB,FGA9E

8AST s (t (s #(ff(cult to st te the ex ct )o(nt t $h(ch n o)en(ng en#s" so (s (t ePu ll! #(ff(cult to s ! $here the en#F g +e + ! be s (# to co++ence. @ne of the + (n ch r cter(st(cs of en#Fg +es (s the ct(*e ) rt t ken b! the K(ng. Cle rl! the K(ng c nnot *enture out (nto the f(el# of o)er t(ons unt(l there h s been n exch nge of the + jor(t! of the )(eces" so th t there c n be no # nger of h(s be(ng + te#. As soon s )l !er h s tt (ne# so+e #* nt ge (n + ter( l $h(ch ensures the *(ctor! (n the en#F g +e" he $(ll tr! to br(ng bout the en#Fg +e b! exch ng(ng )(eces" for there the l(nes on $h(ch to )ush ho+e h(s #* nt ge re cle rl! set out. .t (s f(rst necess r! to kno$ $h t sur)lus of forces (s the +(n(+u+ rePu(re# (n or#er to force + te. The )os(t(ons (n $h(ch the + te c n be force# + ! be sho$n b! fe$ t!)(c l ex +)les. But . sh ll l ! stress + (nl! on one )o(nt. Th t (s the b(l(t! to ju#ge $hether n en#Fg +e $h(ch coul# be brought bout b! exch nges (s $on or notQ (n other $or#s" $hether (t c n be re#uce# to one of the t!)(c l )os(t(ons referre# to bo*e. .t (s ob*(ous th t the en#Fg +e (s the ) rt(cul r #e+esne of ) $n str teg!. Be rl! l$ !s one or +ore ) $ns sur*(*e the exch nge of )(eces" n# the kno$le#ge of the en#Fg +e $(ll be (n* lu ble for g ug(ng the consePuences of ) $n +o*es (n the course of the +(##le g +e. The l tter re)resents )rob bl! the +ost #(ff(cult s)ect of the str teg! of chess. .n or#er to en ble beg(nners to gr s) the follo$(ng ch )ters" . +ust g (n )o(nt out fe$ ele+ent r! cons(#er t(ons. S(+)le en#Fg +es" th t (s" en#Fg +es $(thout ) $ns" re co+) r t(*el! e s! to un#erst n#. %et us f(rst cons(#er the c se of K(ng #enu#e# of ll h(s troo)s. .n or#er to force the + te (t (s necess r! to obt (n co++ n# of four sPu res" n +el!" those P ge =O

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt four sPu res $h(ch he controls fter he h s been #r(*en (nto corner. Su))os(ng the Bl ck K(ng h s been #r(*en to KR3" the 0h(te K(ng c n )re*ent h(+ fro+ re ch(ng t$o sPu res of #(fferent colour" n +el!" KR' n# KKt'. Therefore (t (s necess r! for 0h(te st(ll to h *e such forces s c n co++ n# t$o +ore sPu res of #(fferent colour" n +el!" KR3 n# KKt3. As c n re #(l! be seen" (t $(ll be essent( l to h *e t le st the Kueen or Rook or t$o B(sho)s" or Kn(ght n# B(sho)" or t$o Kn(ghts. <1ootnote7 Ho$ the K(ng c n be #r(*en (nto corner $(ll be sho$n subsePuentl!.? 0e sh ll see th t (n the l tter c se (t (s (+)oss(ble to #r(*e the K(ng (nto corner $(thout br(ng(ng bout st le+ te. The + tes b! Kueen or Rook re so s(+)le th t . onl! g(*e n ex +)le of e ch for the s ke of co+)leteness. Pos(t(on 3.FF0h(te7 K t KR3" KFKR3 Bl ck7 K t K; 3. KFKt'" KFK=Q '. KFKtO" KFK;Q O. KFB;" KFKOQ ;. KFK;" KF K'Q =. KFB=" KFB3Q >. KFB>" KFKt3Q 5. KFKR;" or Kt;ch" or K5" or R5 n# + te next +o*e. Pos(t(on '.FF0h(te7 K Bl ck7 K t K; t KKtO" RKR'

3. KFB;" KFKOQ '. RFK'" KFBOQ O. RFK>ch" KFK'Q ;. KFK=" KF B'Q =. KFB=" KFK'Q >. RFK3" KFB'Q 5. RFK5ch" KFK3Q M. KFK>" KFB3Q 4. KFB>" KFKt3Q 3:. RFK3" KFR5Q 33. RFKM" KFROQ 3'. RFRM + te. Pos(t(on O.FF0h(te7 K t KRsP" B Bl ck7 K t KRsP t KKtsP" B tKKt'

3. KFKt'" KFKt'Q '. KFBO" KFBOQ O. KFK;" KFKOQ ;. BFR'" KF BOQ =. KFK=" KFB;Q >. BFK=" KFKt;Q 5. KFK>" KFKt=Q M. BF KRM" KFKt;Q 4. BFBO" KFKtOQ 3:. BFKB>" KFROQ 33. KFB5" KF R'Q 3'. BFKt=" KFR3Q 3O. BFK3" KFR'Q 3;. BFB'ch" KFR3Q BFB> + te. .t (s +ore #(ff(cult to + te $(th KB.GHT AB, B.SH@P. .t (s onl! )oss(ble to + te on corner sPu re co++ n#e# b! the B(sho)" s the follo$(ng rgu+ent sho$s cle rl!. A + t(ng )os(t(on (n the corner $h(ch the B(sho) #oes not co++ n# $oul# h *e to be of the t!)e set out (n ,( gr + ;'. Here the B(sho) )l !s on 0h(te sPu res" n# the Kn(ght (n or#er to check+ te +ust +o*e on to 0h(te sPu reQ (n other $or#s" he +ust co+e fro+ Bl ck one. Therefore" $hen the B(sho) checke# on the )re*(ous +o*e n# #ro*e the K(ng $ !" the K(ng h # the o)t(on of t$o bl ck sPu res" n# h # no nee# to go (nto the corner one. He (s onl! + te# (n consePuence of $rong +o*e. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S S S S LK S S &K S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S S S S S LKtS S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS P ge =;

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt ' S S S LB S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S S S S S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. ;'

As st te# bo*e" ho$e*er" (t (s )oss(ble (n ll c ses to + te (n the corner sPu re $h(ch (s of the s +e colour s the B(sho). The K(ng (s #r(*en (nto the corner (n th(s $ !7 the Kn(ght cuts h(+ off such sPu res s the B(sho) #oes not co++ n#. ,( gr + ;O $(ll ser*e s n (llustr t(on. 3. KFKt'" KFKt'Q '. KFBO" KFBOQ O. KFK;" KFKOQ ;. KtFKtO" KFBOQ =. BFBO" KFKt;Q >. KFK=" KFKtOQ 5. KtFK;" KFKt'Q M. KFB=" KFR3Q 4. KFB>" KFKt3Q 3:. KtFKt=" KFR3Q 33. KtFB5ch" KFKt3Q 3'. BFK;" KFB3Q 3O. BFR5" KFK3Q 3;. KtFK=" KFK3Q 3=. KtFB;" KFB'Q 3>. BFK;" KFK'Q 35. KFB5" KFB'Q 3M. KFK5" KFB3Q 34. KFK>" KFK3Q ':. BFKt>" KFB3Q '3. KtFR=" KFK3Q ''. KtFKt5ch" KFB3Q 'O. KFB>" KFKt3Q ';. KFKt>" KFB3Q '=. BFB=ch" KFKt3Q '>. KtFB=" KFR3Q '5. BFK>" KFKt3Q 'M. KtFR>ch" KFR3Q '4. BFK= + te. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S LB S S S S S S S &K S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S &K S S S S S S S LKtS FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. ;O. .t (s (+)oss(ble to force + te $(th the @n the s +e groun#s s g(*en $(th res)ect c n onl! be tt (ne# through the o))onent + te c n be force# (f the $e ker s(#e h )re*ents the st le+ te" e.g. ,( gr + ;;. K.BG AB, T0@ KB.GHTS. to ,( gr + ;'" the + te + k(ng b # +o*e. But s s) re +o*e $h(ch

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S &K S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S S S S S &P S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S S S S LKtS S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S LK S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S S S LKtS S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS P ge ==

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt ' S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S S S S S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. ;;

3. KtHKOIFK=" KFKt'Q '. KFB=" KFROQ O. KFKt;" KFKt'Q ;. KFKt=" KF R'Q =. KtFB5" KFKt'Q >. KtHB5IFKM" KFR'Q 5. KtFK>" KFKt3Q M. KF Kt>" KFR3Q 4. KtFK5" PFB;Q 3:. KtFKt=" PFB=Q 33. KtFB5 + te. H *(ng #ec(#e# s to the s+ llest +ount of + ter( l #* nt ge $(th $h(ch (t (s )oss(ble to force + te" $e $(ll no$ turn our ttent(on to s(+)le g +e en#(ngs Hst(ll $(thout ) $nsI. To ju#ge such en#(ngs correctl!" (t $(ll onl! be necess r! to f(n# out $hether (t (s )oss(ble to obt (n the +(n(+u+ #* nt ge +ent(one#. .t (s suff(c(ent to #(scuss c ses (n $h(ch )(ece on the one s(#e )l !s g (nst stronger one on the other" bec use (n en#(ngs $here se*er l )(eces re left on e(ther s(#e" fortu(tous c(rcu+st nces re gener ll! the #ec(#(ng f ctors" n# (t $oul# be (+)oss(ble to ch r cter(se n# cl ss(f! )os(t(ons of th t k(n#" b! g(*(ng t!)(c l (llustr t(ons. Bes(#es" the! re re#uce# sooner or l ter b! exch nges to such en#Fg +es s h *e been tre te# lre #!" or re go(ng to be sho$n no$. The Kueen $(ns g (nst n! other )(eceQ the Rook trouble. .n ,( gr + ;= $e (llustr te FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S &K S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S &R S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S LK S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S LK S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S S S S S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. ;= lone + ! g(*e

)os(t(on $h(ch (s one of the +ost f *our ble to the $e ker s(#e. 3. KFR> le #s to noth(ng" s RFB'ch follo$s" Bl ck forces st le+ te $(th RFBOch. n# fter '. KFKt>

.t (s necess r! for 0h(te to g (n +o*e (n th(s )os(t(onQ (n other $or#s" 0h(te +ust tr! to tr nsfer to the other s(#e the onus of h *(ng to +o*e. .f then the Rook +o*es $ ! fro+ the K(ng" (t gets lost fter fe$ checks" or (f Bl ck's K(ng )l !s to B3" the Rook (s ePu ll! lost through KFR>. 0h(te )l !s therefore7 3. KFK=ch" KFR3Q '. KFR3ch" KFKt3Q O. KF R=" n# $(ns. 1or ex +)le" O. ... RFB'Q ;. KFK=ch" KFR'Q =. KF P ge =>

KOch" KFR3Q >. KFKMch"

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt n# so on.

The Rook c n $(n g (nst +(nor )(ece (n exce)t(on l c ses onl!. .n en#(ngs of R@@K AGA.BST B.SH@P the $e ker K(ng +ust t ke refuge (n corner sPu re of #(fferent colour fro+ th t of h(s B(sho). 1or (nst nce" ,( gr + ;>7 FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S S S S S S &K S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S S S S S S LK S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S S S S S LR S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S S &B S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S S S S S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. ;>. 3. RFK=" BFB= Hor R'IQ '. RFKMch" BFKt3" n# Bl ck (s st le+ te unless the Rook le *es the e(ghth R nk. An! outs(#e sPu re $h(ch (s not of the s +e colour s th t of the B(sho) (s # ngerous for the K(ng. .+ g(ne the )(eces (n ,( gr + ;> sh(fte# t$o sPu res to$ r#s the centre of the bo r#" s (n ,( gr + ;5" n# 0h(te $(ns $(th 3. RFKKt= '. RFKtMch O. RFRM The B(sho) (s lost" BFR= BFK3 s (t (s Bl ck's +o*e.

.n en#(ngs of R@@K AGA.BST KB.GHT" the $e ker s(#e loses" $here the Kn(ght (s cut off fro+ h(s K(ng. 1or (nst nce" (n ,( gr + ;M" 3. RFK=6 .n th(s -obl(Pue o))os(t(on- the Rook t kes four of the Kn(ght's sPu res7 3. ... KtFKMQ '. KFB=" KtFB5Q O. KFK;" KtFR> HKtFKt=UQ ;. RFKt=ch6 $(ns the Kn(ghtI. .n th(s en#(ng there (s l$ !s f t l check t so+e )o(nt" n# the )os(t(on (n the FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S S S S &K S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S S S S LK S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S S S LR S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S &B S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS P ge =5

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt ' S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S S S S S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. ;5 #( gr + (s not (n n! $ ! KtFKtMQ >. RFR3" n# $(ns. ch nce $(n. ;. KFKO" KFB'Q =. RFKR="

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S &K S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S S S S S LK S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S LR S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S S S S &KtS S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S S S S S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. ;M As soon s the Kn(ght c n obt (n the K(ng's su))ort the g +e (s #r $n e*en $hen the K(ng (s lre #! force# on to the e#ge of the bo r#. Pos(t(onFF0h(te7 K Bl ck7 K t K>" R t K= t K3" Kt t KR'

3. RFKB=" KFK3Q '. KFK>" KtFB3chQ O. KFB>" KtFK'ch" #r $. .n th(s c se the K(ng +ust *o(# the corners" s the Kn(ght $oul# be bereft of h(s eff(c(enc!. Pos(t(onFF0h(te7 K Bl ck7 K 3. RFK;" KtFKt3chQ '. KFKt> t KR>" R t KR; t KR3" Kt t K' n# $(ns.

0e co+e no$ to the +ore (nterest(ng ) rt of en#Fg +e )l !" n +el!" PA0B EB,.BGS. The best course $(ll be f(rst to stu#! ho$ to turn + ter( l su)er(or(t! (n ) $ns to #ec(s(*e #* nt ge" fter $h(ch $e sh ll note ) rt(cul r )os(t(ons" (n $h(ch $(n (s )oss(ble $(th n ePu l(t! or e*en n (nfer(or(t! (n ) $ns. The en#(ng of K.BG AB, PA0B AGA.BST K.BG (s one of the s(+)lest lbe(t one of the +ost (+)ort nt of ele+ent r! c ses. The stronger s(#e $(ll e*(#entl! tr! to Pueen the ) $n. But gener ll! th(s (s not )oss(ble (f the #*erse K(ng h s co++ n# of the Pueen(ng sPu re. @ne (+)ort nt con#(t(on" though" +ust be co+)l(e# $(th7 the $e ker K(ng +ust +o*e (nto -o))os(t(on"- n# -o))os(t(on- (s one of the ch r cter(st(c n# #ec(#(ng f ctors (n +ost ) $n en#(ngs. .t (s bsolutel! necess r! for the le rner to un#erst n# full! the +e n(ng of the ter+ -o))os(t(on"- n# (ts P ge =M

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt * lue (n ele+ent r! c ses Th(s kno$le#ge (s of f r re ch(ng (nfluence (n en#Fg +es. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S S S S &K S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S LP S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S S LK S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S S S S S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. ;4 .n ,( gr + ;4 0h(te seeks to Pueen h(s ) $n. 3. KFK;" KFK'Q '. KFK= 0(th th(s +o*e 0h(te ssu+es the o))os(t(on. Th t (s" he +o*es (nto the s +e r nk or f(le" se) r te# b! one sPu re onl!" so th t both K(ngs st n# on sPu res of the s +e colour. 0h(te h s +o*e# l st" (t (s Bl ck's turn to +o*eQ (t (s s (# (n th(s c se th t -0h(te h s the o))os(t(on.- 0e sh ll soon see th t Bl ck (s onl! ble to #r $ the g +e" (f he succee#s (n ssu+(ng the o))os(t(on h(+self H$h(ch +e ns th t" h *(ng the +o*e" he shoul# ste) (nto o))os(t(onI. '. ... KFK 'Q O PFK> H,( gr + =:I. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S S S &K S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S S LP S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S S LK S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S S S S S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. =: . )ro)ose no$ to rec )(tul te. Th(s (s the cr(t(c l +o+ent" n +el!" $hen the ) $n re ches the s(xth r nk. .f no$ Bl ck )l !s KFK3 he (s lost" for 0h(te )l !(ng KFK> h s the o))os(t(on. After ;. ... KFK3" =. PFK5" Bl ck (s P ge =4

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt force# to llo$ the 0h(te K(ng to +o*e to K5" co*er(ng the Pueen(ng sPu reQ =. ... KFB'" >. KFK5" n!Q 5. P Pueens. But Bl ck h s #r $ (n the )os(t(on of ,( gr + =:" b! )l !(ng O. ... KFK366 Hnot K3I. Bo$ fter ;. KFK> he kee)s the o))os(t(on h(+self $(th KFK3Q n# fter =. PFK5ch" KFK3Q >. KFK>" he (s st le+ te#" or else $(ns the ) $n (f 0h(te )l !s #(fferentl! on h(s s(xth +o*e. The K(ng #r $s g (nst K(ng n# ) $n (f he co++ n#s the Pueen(ng sPu re" n# (f he c n ret (n the o))os(t(on on the f(rst r nk s soon s the ) $n +o*es (nto h(s s(xth. .t (s of the ut+ost (+)ort nce th t the ) $n shoul# be t h(s s(xthQ (f the ) $n (s st(ll further b ck" the o))os(t(on on the f(rst r nk (s of no * (l. ,( gr + =3 $(ll ser*e s n ex +)le. H *(ng the +o*e"

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S S S S S &K S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S S S S S S LK S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S LP S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S S S S S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. =3 0h(te $oul# onl! #r $ $(th PFB=" bec use Bl ck's KFB' $(ns the ) $n. But 0h(te $(ns s follo$s7 3. KFKt>" KFB3Q '. KFB>" KFK3Q O. KF K>" KFK3Q ;. KFK>" KFB sP7 FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S S &K S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S S LK S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S LP S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S S S S S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. ='. P ge >:

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt =. PFB=" KFK sP. 0e see7 Bl ck h s just ssu+e# the o))os(t(on" but the ) $n h s not !et crosse# to h(s s(xth sPu re" n# 0h(te" b! )l !(ng PFB>" g (n forces Bl ck to g(*e u) the o))os(t(on. .t +(ght be +ore cle r to )ut (t (n th(s $ !7 $(th PFB> 0h(te $(ns the o))os(t(on" (n th t he br(ngs bout )os(t(on $(th Bl ck to +o*e. Therefore the g +e (s $on for 0h(te. S(nce the o))os(t(on on the outs(#e r nk (s of no * (l" $hen the ) $n h s not !et )l !e# to h(s s(xth sPu re" the $e ker s(#e +ust tr! to kee) $ ! the o))os(ng K(ng fro+ the s(xth r nk unt(l the ) $n h s re che# th t r nk. Th(s (s )oss(ble (n )os(t(ons such s th t (n ,( gr + =O" $here the stronger FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S &K S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S S LK S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S S S LP S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S S S S S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. =O K(ng (s not +ore th n one r nk he # of h(s ) $n" n# the $e ker K(ng c n ssu+e the o))os(t(on. .n the )os(t(on (n ,( gr + =O Bl ck )l !s KFK; n# + (nt (ns the o))os(t(on unt(l the ) $n +o*es" fter $h(ch t!)(c l )os(t(on" s(+(l r to the one tre te# (n connect(on $(th ,( gr + =: (s brought bout. .f 0h(te h s the +o*e" ho$e*er" he $(ns e s(l! b! 3. KFB;" thus7 3. '. O. ;. =. ... KFKt= KFB= KFK> KFB> KFKO KFB' KFKt' KFB3

n# there (s o))os(t(on on the e(ghth r nk $h(lst the ) $n h s not re che# the s(xth. .f the K(ng (s +ore th n one r nk he # of h(s ) $n" s (n ,( gr + =;" the en#Fg +e c n l$ !s be $on" for (f Bl ck FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S &K S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS P ge >3

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt ; S S S S LK S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S S S LP S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S S S S S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. =; t kes the o))os(t(on $(th KFKO" 0h(te #e)r(*es h(+ of (t g (n" $(nn(ng +o*e b! PFBO" n# the )os(t(on (s s(+(l r to th t (n ,( gr + =O" $(th 0h(te to +o*e. 3. ... '. PFBO O. KFB; KFKO KFBO n# $(ns.

Th(s settles ll t!)(c l en#Fg +es of K(ng n# ) $n g (nst K(ng. There (s" ho$e*er" one exce)t(on to the rules set out" n +el!" $hen R@@K'S PA0B (s concerne#. Here the (sol te# K(ng l$ !s succee#s (n #r $(ng (f he c n re ch the corner $here the ) $n h s to Pueen" for he c nnot be #r(*en out g (n. The Rook's ) $n ffor#s nother o))ortun(t! for the $e ker s(#e to #r $. ,( gr + == $(ll (llustr te th(s" n# s(+(l r )os(t(ons re of frePuent occurrence (n )r ct(ce. Here Bl ck #r $s $(th 3. ... KFB=. As he thre tens to c )ture the ) $n" 0h(te +ust )l ! '. PFR;. Then fter the re)l! KFB;" 0h(te (s st(ll un ble to cut the o))onent off fro+ the corner $(th KFKt5" s the loss of the ) $n (s st(ll thre tene# through KFKt=. An# fter O. PFR= Bl ck tt (ns the )os(t(on $h(ch (s t!)(c l for th(s en#Fg +e" n +el! the o))os(t(on g (nst the K(ng on the Rook's f(le. The l tter c nnot esc )e $(thout g(*(ng u) the conteste# corner" n# the g +e (s #r $n. O. ... KFBOQ ;. KFR5" KFB'Q =. KFRM" KFB3Q >. PFR>" KFB'Q 5. PFR5" KFB37 n# 0h(te (s st le+ te#. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S LK S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S S &K S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S S S S S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. == En#Fg +es $(th + jor(t! of one ) $n" $hen both s(#es st(ll h *e ) $ns" re +uch +ore s(+)le to + n()ul te. Such g +es result (n )os(t(ons of $h(ch ,( gr + => (s P ge >'

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S &P S S S &K S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S LP S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S S S S LP S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S S S LK S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S S S S S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. => t!)(c l (nst nce. Here 0h(te #oes not e*en nee# to Kueen h(s ) sse# ) $n. The +ere thre t forces the $(n. 1or the ) $n t Kt; re#uces the +ob(l(t! of the Bl ck K(ng" (n so f r s the l tter +ust t ll t(+es be re #! to re ch the Pueen(ng sPu re (n s fe$ +o*es s the ) $n" or else the ) $n $oul# Pueen un+oleste#. The 0h(te K(ng c n therefore c )ture the o))os(ng B(sho)'s ) $n (n )e ce n# then Pueen h(s o$n. 3. KFK;" KFKOQ '. PFKt=" KFK'Q O. KFK=" KFB'Q ;. KFK>" n# so onQ or 3. ... KFKt; KxPQ O. KFK>" KFB;Q ;. KxP" KFKOQ =. KFKt5" n# so on. Such )os(t(ons s ,( gr + => re lso re che# $hen there re se*er l ) $ns on e ch $(ng. The stronger s(#e exch nges ) $ns on the $(ng $here there (s + jor(t! unt(l the extr ) $n (s ) sse#. The $(nn(ng )rocess (s not Pu(te so s(+)le $hen ll the ) $ns re on the s +e $(ng" bec use exch nges re of no use unless the K(ng c n ssu+e the o))os(t(on (n front of the l st re+ (n(ng ) $n Hco+) re notes to ,( gr + =OI. .n ,( gr + =5" for (nst nce" 0h(te +ust not )l ! PFB;. he c n onl! $(n b! g (n(ng the Kn(ght's P $n" FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S S &K S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S &P S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S LP S S LK S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S S S LP S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S S S S S S P ge >O Therefore

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. =5 th t (s" b! br(ng(ng h(s K(ng to B=. Th(s he ch(e*es b! forc(ng the Bl ck K(ng to rel(nPu(sh the o))os(t(on $(th 3. PFBO. 3. ... KFBOQ '. KFK=" KFKt'Q O. KFK>" KFKtOQ ;. KFK=" KFKt'Q =. KFB=" KFROQ >. KFB>" n# $(ns" s Bl ck +ust b n#on the ) $n. Th(s )os(t(on" be(ng of frePuent occurrence" (s +ost (+)ort nt" n# . reco++en# (t s * lu ble stu#! (n the use of the o))os(t(on. Before . #(scuss )os(t(ons of gre ter co+)lex(t!" (n $h(ch the onl! $ ! to $(n (s b! s cr(f(c(ng the extr ) $n" . sh ll tre t of en#Fg +es (n $h(ch )os(t(on l #* nt ges ensure the *(ctor! lthough the ) $ns re ePu l. Here $e sh ll f(n# s(+)le c ses (n $h(ch ) $n + noeu*res br(ng bout the $(n" n# +ore (ntr(c te ones (n $h(ch K(ng +o*es re the #ec(#(ng f ctor. @f the for+er the +ost (+)ort nt t!)e (s the en#Fg +e $(th the -#(st nt ) sse# ) $n.- A t!)(c l ex +)le (s the )os(t(on (n ,( gr + =M" (n $h(ch Bl ck $(ns. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S S S S S S &K S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S S S S S S S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S &P S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S &P S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S LP S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S LP S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S S S S S S LP S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S S S S S LK S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. =M The K(ng's o))os(ng ) ne rer the ) $ns +ust +o*es re outl(ne# b! the necess(t! of c )tur(ng the sse# ) $n" fter $h(ch the Bl ck K(ng (s t$o f(les b ttleFf(el# Hthe Kueen's s(#eI" so th t the 0h(te f ll.

3. KFKt'" KFKt'Q '. KFKtO" KFBOQ O. KFKt;" KFK;Q ;. PFB;ch" KFBOQ =. KFKtO" PFR;Q >. KFR;" KFB;Q 5. KxP" KxPQ M. KFKt>" KFK;" n# so on. 1or s(+(l r re sons the )os(t(on (n ,( gr + =4 (s lost for Bl ck. 0h(te obt (ns ) sse# ) $n on the o))os(te $(ng to th t of the K(ng. He forces the Bl ck K(ng to b n#on h(s K(ng's s(#e ) $ns" n# these re lost. . g(*e the +o*es (n full" bec use th(s (s nother (+)ort nt ex +)le ch r cter(st(c of the e*er recurr(ng necess(t! of ))l!(ng our r(th+et(c l rule. B! s(+)l! enu+er t(ng the +o*es necess r! for e(ther )l !er to Pueen h(s P ge >;

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt ) $nFFSEPARATE%Y for 0h(te n# Bl ckFF$e c n see the result of our (nten#e# + noeu*res" ho$e*er f r he # $e h *e to exten# our c lcul t(ons. 3. PFR;" KFKOQ '. PFR=" PxPQ O. PxP" KFKO Bo$ the follo$(ng c lcul t(ons sho$ th t Bl ck (s lost. 0h(te nee#s ten +o*es (n or#er to Pueen on the K(ng's s(#e" n +el!" f(*e to c )ture the Bl ck K(ng's s(#e ) $ns HKFK;" B=" Kt>" R>" Kt=I" one to free the $ ! for h(s ) $n" n# four +o*es $(th the ) $n. After ten +o*es" Bl ck onl! FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S &P S &P S S S &K S S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S S S S &P S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S LP S LP S S S S LP S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S LP S S S S S LK S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S S S S S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. =4 gets h(s ) $n to B>. He rePu(res s(x +o*es to c )ture the 0h(te Kueen's s(#e ) $ns" one to + ke roo+ for h(s ) $n t BO" n# fter three +o*es the ) $n onl! gets to B>. 0h(te then $(ns b! +e ns of + n! checks" forc(ng the Bl ck K(ng to block the $ ! of h(s o$n ) $n" thus g (n(ng t(+e for h(s K(ng to ))ro ch. As $e sh ll see l ter on H). 45I" (f the ) $n h # lre #! re che# B5" $h(lst un#er )rotect(on b! h(s K" the g +e $oul# be #r $n. .t (s necess r! to + ke (t rule to ex +(ne )os(t(ons (n $h(ch e ch s(#e h s ) sse# ) $n" b! count(ng the +o*es (n the $ ! f(rst sho$n. .t (s just bec use en#Fg +es c n be c lcul te# to n(cet!" there be(ng no +o*es of $h(ch the consePuences c nnot be foreseen" th t $e note (n conte+)or r! + ster )l ! ten#enc! to s(+)l(f! the +(##leFg +e b! exch ng(ng )(eces" s soon s there (s n (nf(n(tes(+ l #* nt ge (n the ) $n )os(t(on Hco+) re the g +e Ch rousekFHe(nr(chsen" ). 3:MI. 0e $(ll no$ turn our ttent(on to )os(t(ons (n $h(ch the ) $ns o))ose# on e ch $(ng re of ePu l nu+ber n# no ) sse# ) $n c n be force# through. E*er!th(ng #e)en#s on the rel t(*e )os(t(on of the K(ngs. The #ec(#(ng f ctor (n * lu(ng the K(ng's )os(t(on (s $hether ) $n +o*es re )oss(ble" or $hether the! re lre #! ent(rel! or ne rl! exh uste#" so th t onl! + noeu*res b! the K(ng re )oss(ble. The follo$(ng (llustr t(ons + ke the )os(t(on cle r. 0e sh ll see th t the (+)ort nce of gett(ng the o))os(t(on (s ) r +ount. ,( gr + >: sho$s s(+)le (nst nce (n $h(ch there re no FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S S S S S S S P ge >=

5 > = ; O ' 3

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S S S S S &K S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S S S &P S S S S &P S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S S S LP S S S S LP S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S S S S S LK S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S S S S S S S S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. >:

+ore ) $n +o*es. 0hoe*er h s the +o*e $(ns b! ssu+(ng the o))os(t(on. The o))os(ng K(ng +ust then g(*e the $ ! free to one of the ) $ns. The st te of ff (rs (n ,( gr + >3 (s s(+(l r to th t (n ,( gr + >:. H *(ng the +o*e" 0h(te )l !s (nto o))os(t(on n# forces h(s $ ! to K=" fter $h(ch Bl ck's B(sho)'s ) $n (s lost. 3. KFK;" KFKOQ '. KFB=" KFK'Q O. KFK=" KFBOQ ;. KFK>" KFB'Q =. KF K=" KFKtOQ >. KFK>" n# so on Hco+) re ,( gr + =5I. .f Bl ck h s the +o*e he c n onl! #r $" bec use the 0h(te B(sho)'s ) $n (s co*ere# e*en though Bl ck g (ns the sPu re t K=. 3. ... KFK;Q '. KFKO" KFB=Q O. KFK'66 n# $h te*er Bl ck )l !s 0h(te $(ns the o))os(t(on" so th t the Bl ck K(ng's (ngress (s sto))e#Q '. KFK' loses the g +e bec use of O. ... KFK=Q ;. KFK'" KFK=Q =. KFB'" KFK>Q >. KFB3" KFK>Q 5. KFKt'" KFK5Q M. KFKt3" KF B>Q 4. KFR'" KFB5" n# $(ns. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S S S &K S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S &P S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S &P S LP S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S LP S S S LK S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S S S S S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. >3 . sh ll t ke th(s o))ortun(t! of ex)l (n(ng $h t (s c lle# -#(st nt o))os(t(on.- .n ,( gr + >'" 0h(te $(th the +o*e $(ns b! 3. KFK'" thus ssu+(ng -#(st nt o))os(t(on- HsPu res of the s +e colour66I. .f Bl ck no$ enters h(s secon# r nk" 0h(te (++e#( tel! P ge >>

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt )l !s (nto o))os(t(on on h(s th(r# r nk" e.g. 3. ... KFK'Q '. KF KO" n# st(ll + (nt (ns (t b! O. KFKO (f Bl ck )l !s $ (t(ng +o*e such s '. ... KFK'. Bo$ Bl ck h s no further $ (t(ng +o*es" s 0h(te thre tens to c )ture one of the ) $ns. But )l !(ng (nto the th(r# r nk (s of no use" s 0h(te then ssu+es the #(rect o))os(t(on" n# $(ns s (n ,( gr + >:. Bl ck +ust llo$ 0h(te ccess to one s(#e or the other. He coul# not h *e re+ (ne# on the f(rst r nk t the outset e(ther" for fter 3. ... KFK3" 0h(te #* nces through sPu re" to $h(ch Bl ck c nnot ssu+e the o))os(t(on" n +el!" '. KFBO. .f no$ Bl ck $(shes to ns$er the thre t of KFB ;FKt= n# )l !s KFK'" 0h(te ns$ers O. KFKO s before. '. KFKO or KKO $oul# be $rong" s Bl ck $oul# then succee# (n ssu+(ng the o))os(t(on t K' or K'" n# $oul# be ble to + (nt (n (t. 0h(te $oul# be un ble to c(rcu+*ent th(s or to tt ck the ) $ns. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S S S &K S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S &P S S S S S S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S LP S S S S S S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S S S S LK S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S S S S S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. >' .n th(s )os(t(on" too" there (s o))os(t(on. +)le sco)e for the stu#! of the

.f the ) $ns re st(ll st n#(ng beh(n#" the K(ng $ho h s the +ost #* nce# )os(t(on h s l$ !s the #* nt ge" bec use he thre tens to tt ck the o))os(ng ) $ns shoul# the! le *e the(r b se. 0h(te h s +ore ) $n +o*es t h(s #(s)os l" n# $(ll ne rl! l$ !s succee# (n ssu+(ng the o))os(t(on. 1or (nst nce" (n ,( gr + >O" 0h(te" h *(ng the +o*e" $(ns bec use h(s K(ng gets f(rst (nto the centre of the bo r#. 3. KFKO" KFK'Q '. KFB;" KFK'Q O. KFKt= KFB'Q ;. KFR>" KFKt3Q =. PFKB;" KFR3Q >. PFB=" PxPQ 5. KFKt=" KFKt'Q M. KxP" KFB'. Bl ck h s no$ the o))os(t(on but c nnot + (nt (n (t" h *(ng no ) $n +o*es * (l ble. The 0h(te K(ng thre tens to c )ture n! ) $n th t *entures for$ r#. 4. KFK=" KFK'Q 3:. KFK=" KFK'Q 33. PFB;" PFBOchQ 3'. KFK=" KFK'Q 3O. PFB=" n# $(ns" s Bl ck $(ll soon be co+)elle# to )l ! KFK'" fter $h(ch + noeu*re sho$n )re*(ousl! g(*es 0h(te the Kueen's B(sho)'s ) $n. lO. ... PFKR;Q 3;. PFKR;" PFR;Q 3=. PFR;6 KFK'Q 3>. KFB>" KF@37 35. KFK>" n# so on. P ge >5

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt .f (n ,( gr + >O the K(ng stoo# t K' (nste # of B3" he coul# just + n ge to #r $. 0h(te t kes ele*en +o*es to c )ture the Bl ck K(ng's s(#e ) $ns" n# to Pueen one of FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S &K S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S S &P S S S S S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S &P S S S S S S &P S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S S S S S S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S S LP S LK S S LP S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S S S S S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. >O h(s o$n" s c n be e s(l! seen. .n ele*en +o*es Bl ck c )tures the o))os(ng KBP n# Pueens h(s o$n. 0e see here ho$ the K(ng's )os(t(on c n be counterb l nce# b! the $e kness of ) $n" n# le # to #r $. .f the 0h(te KBP $ s not (sol te# but st n#(ng" for (nst nce" t KKt'" Bl ck $oul# be lost" s c lcul t(on e s(l! sho$s. The strength or $e kness of ) $n )os(t(on" $h(ch" s $e s $" h # so #ec(#(ng n (nfluence (n the en#Fg +e )os(t(on just tre te#" (s one of the +ost (+)ort nt f ctors (n g +e of chess" n# shoul# h *e full cons(#er t(on (n the +(##le g +e. A ) $n" $hen (sol te#" (s n tur ll! $e ker th n $hen (t (s or c n be )rotecte# b! nother. .t + ! e s(l! le # to the loss of g +e" s the +ob(l(t! of the K(ng or )(ece (s re#uce# b! h *(ng to )rotect the ) $n Hco+) re En#Fg +e" ). 3:'I. .t (s frePuentl! n# erroneousl! thought th t ,@AB%E, ) $ns s such re $e kness. ,ouble# ) $ns re $e k $hen .S@%ATE," for the! c nnot su))ort e ch other. But (f #ouble# ) $ns c n be su))orte# b! ) $n on the next f(le the! nee# not b! n! +e ns be t #(s #* nt ge g (nst three un(te# s(ngle ) $ns on the o))os(te s(#e. 1or (nst nce" (n ,( gr + >;" (f Bl ck h # ) $n t KKtO (nste # of R'" 0h(te $oul# h *e no $(nn(ng ch nces. He coul# not tt ck the ) $ns" nor $oul# n! k(n# of + noeu*res force ) sse# ) $n through. .n the #( gr +" ho$e*er" 0h(te $(ns through FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S S &P S &K S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S &P S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S LK S S S S S P ge >M

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S S LP S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S S LP S LP S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S S S S S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. >; 3. KFB=Q Bl ck c nnot then hol# the ) $n PFKt;. t BO. 3. ... PFROQ '.

.n th(s ) rt(cul r c se the $(n (s + #e e s! b! the f ct th t the 0h(te K(ng (s ble to tt ck the Bl ck ) $n t once. But e*en $(thout th(s #* nt ge" the $e kness of FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S S &P S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S &P S &K S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S &P S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S LP S S S S LK S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S LP S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S S S LP S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S S S S S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. >= #ouble# ) $ns usu ll! ent (ls the loss of the g +e. ,( gr + >= + ! ser*e s n ex +)le. 3. KFK;" PFB;chQ '. KFB;" KFBOQ O. PFBO KFKtOQ ;. KFK=" PFBOchQ =. KFB;" n# $(ns. ,ouble# ) $ns re #r $b ck" e*en $hen not (sol te#" shoul# there be no $ ! of obt (n(ng ) sse# ) $n b! exch ng(ng the+ g (nst s+ ller nu+ber of s(ngle ) $ns. Th(s (s (llustr te# (n ,( gr + >>" (n $h(ch Bl ck $(ns bec use the three ) $ns on the K(ng's s(#e hol# u) the four 0h(te ) $ns n# the Bl ck K(ng c n ss (l the 0h(te ) $ns fro+ the re r" FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S S S S S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S S S LP S S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S &K S S S S LP S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS P ge >4

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt O S S S &P S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S S S S S S LP S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S LK S S S S S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. >> the 0h(te K(ng be(ng fettere# b! the necess(t! of c )tur(ng the KBP. The )ro)er for+ t(on for the Bl ck ) $ns $oul# be t BO" Kt'" RO" fter $h(ch 0h(te c nnot force ) $n through b! )l !(ng PFB; n# PFKt=" s Bl ck c n refr (n fro+ + k(ng n! exch nge. Bl ck coul# not ffor# to le *e the ) $ns $here the! re" bec use e*en (f there $ere no 0h(te ) $n t B'" 0h(te $oul#" b! )l !(ng PFKt=" thre ten to $(n (n the follo$(ng $ !7 3. PFKt>" BPxPQ '. PFR>" n# PFB>" etc.Q or 3. ... RPxPQ '. PF B>" $(th PFR>" etc. .n g +e E#. % skerF9oll HBerl(n ch +)(onsh()" 34:;I" fro+ $h(ch the )os(t(on (s t ken" Bl ck )l !e# PFRO (n or#er to obt (n the for+ t(on +ent(one# bo*e" n# 0h(te res(gne# fter '. PFB;U PFBO" PFKt=" KFK=. There $ s" ho$e*er" )rett! $(n fter Bl ck's PFRO" n +el!7 '. PFB>" PxPQ O. PFB;" KFK=Q ;. PFKt=" BPxPQ =. PxP" KFK;Q >. PxP" KFB>Q 5. KF B' n# Bl ck (s lost" bec use h(s o$n ) $n obstructs the sPu re B'" n# the K(ng +ust rele se the sPu re Kt'" fter $h(ch the 0h(te ) $n Pueens. Th(s $(nn(ng co+b(n t(on" ho$e*er" (s onl! n (nterest(ng exce)t(on to the rule th t )os(t(ons of th(s k(n# re gener ll! $on b! the s(#e $h(ch )ossesses the ) sse# ) $n. .n th(s ) rt(cul r c se Bl ck coul# h *e + #e the )os(t(on secure b! obt (n(ng the (#e l )os(t(on of BO Kt' RO for h(s ) $ns e rl(er" before the 0h(te ) $ns coul# #* nce so f r. .n the )os(t(on of ,( gr + >> Bl ck coul# st(ll h *e $on b! )l !(ng PFBO. After '. PFR>" PxPQ O. PFB;" KFK;Q the Bl ck K(ng h s t(+e to o*ert ke the ) sse# ) $n $h(ch results on the B(sho)'s f(le. To conclu#e the stu#! of ) $n en#(ngs $(th n ePu l nu+ber of ) $ns on e(ther s(#e" $e $(ll #(scuss ,( gr + >5" FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S &K S S &P S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S LP S S LK S S S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S S S S S S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S S S S S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. >5 P ge 5:

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt $h(ch (llustr tes cur(ous )os(t(on occurr(ng fro+ t(+e to t(+e (n )r ct(ce. 0hoe*er h s the +o*e $(ns b! +o*(ng (nto #(st nt o))os(t(on. 0h(te" therefore" shoul# )l ! KFK= KFK= $oul# lose" s Bl ck $oul# )l ! KFKt=" )rotect(ng h(s ) $n n# tt ck(ng the 0h(te ) $n" the )rotect(on of $h(ch 0h(te h s to g(*e u) next +o*e. .n the s +e $ ! Bl ck $(th the +o*e c nnot )l ! KFKt= bec use 0h(te $(ns the ) $n $(th KFK=. After 3. KFK= Bl ck c nnot *o(# the loss of the g +e" e.g. KFROQ '. KFK=" KFKtOQ O. KFK>" n# so on. Bl ck $(th the +o*e $(ns s(+(l rl! $(th KFR=. 0e h *e st(ll to cons(#er en#Fg +es (n $h(ch #r $ results (n s)(te of + jor(t! of ) $ns" or $here $(n c n onl! be ch(e*e# b! the s cr(f(ce of n extr ) $n. ,( gr + >M sho$s the l tter c se. Here 0h(te c n onl! $(n (n the follo$(ng + nner7 3. PFKt;ch" PxPchQ '. KFKtO" K n!Q O. KxP" n# $(ns. An! other $ ! $oul# llo$ FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S &P S S &K S S S S &P S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S LP S S S S S S LP S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S LP S LK S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S S S S S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. >M Bl ck to ssu+e the o))os(t(on B'" KFBO6 '. KFKO" KFK;" etc. n# to force the #r $" e.g. 3. KF s (n ,( gr +

Bot 3. KFB'" KFKt=U '. KFKt'" KFB;" O. KFBO" etc." =5. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S S S &K S &P S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S S S LP S LP S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S S S LK S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S S S S S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H P ge 53

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt ,( g. >4 A counter) rt to th(s )os(t(on (s foun# (n ,( gr + >4" $h(ch sho$s one of the fe$ c ses (n $h(ch the )ossess(on of n extr ) $n #oes not force $(n. .t see+s t f(rst s(ght s (f 0h(te coul# $(n b! s(+)l! ssu+(ng the o))os(t(on $(th 3. KFK; cont(nue#7 ... KFK'Q '. KFK=" KFK'Q O. PFB=" KFK'Q ;. KFB>" etc. But Bl ck $oul# re)l! 3. ... PFB;ch6 n# fter '. PxPch" KFBO follo$e# b! KxP ensure the #r $. 0e co+e no$ to those en#Fg +es (n $h(ch )(eces re left on the bo r#. s $ell s ) $ns

As (t (s +! (+ to g(*e t!)(c l ex +)les" . sh ll conf(ne +!self to )os(t(ons $here there (s onl! one )(ece bes(#es the K(ng. 9ost en#Fg +es $(th se*er l )(eces c n be re#uce# to th t. .n ne rl! ll en#Fg +es $(th )(eces the K(ng's + noeu*res use# (n ) $n en#(ngs re of no * (l" s f r s o))os(t(on (s concerne#" s the #* nt ge of o))os(t(on +e ns th t the o))onent (s force# to +o*e h(s K(ng" n# s long s there re )(eces on the bo r#" such -force# +o*e- )os(t(ons re (nfrePuent. Ho$e*er" the strength of the ) $n )os(t(on (s of the s +e (+)ort nce s (n ) $n en#(ngs" just s the co++ n# of s + n! sPu res s )oss(ble (s essent( l for the K(ng. A th(r# n# *er! (+)ort nt f ctor (s g (n the +ob(l(t! of )(eces. A goo# ex +)le (s foun# (n ,( gr + 5:" )os(t(on fro+ PostF%eonh r#t HBerl(n 8ub(lee Tourn +ent" 34:5I. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S &P S S S &K S S S &B S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S LP S &P S S &P S S &P S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S LP S S LK S S LP S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S S LB S LP S S S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S S S S S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 5: Bl ck's ) $n )os(t(on (s $e ker" bec use the 0h(te ) $ns" be(ng on Bl ck sPu res" c nnot be tt cke# b! the B(sho)" $h(lst Bl ck h s t$o (sol te# ) $ns on 0h(te sPu res. 1urther+ore the Bl ck B(sho) h s less +ob(l(t! th n the 0h(te one" n# f(n ll! the Bl ck K(ng (s t(e# to h(s KO" to )re*ent 0h(te's entr! t B= or K=. These #r $b cks #ec(#e the (ssue. 3. ... BFR'Q '. PFR;" BF KtOQ O. BFB'" PFR;. HAfter BFR' 0h(te $oul# co++ n# the sPu re t Kt> through PFR=IQ ;. BFKO" BFR'Q =. BFB3" n# Bl ck res(gns" for 0h(te thre tens to est bl(sh h(s B(sho) t BO" $here the ) $ns t K= n# R= re both tt cke#" $h(lst the Bl ck B(sho) (s t once force# to occu)! the onl! sPu re fro+ $h(ch both ) $ns re P ge 5' g +e

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt co*ere#" n +el! B'. As th(s sPu re +ust be b n#one# (n the next +o*e" Bl ck loses ) $n n# the g +e. =. ... BFKt3Q >. BFK'" BFB'Q 5. BFBO" >. BFKt'" BFB'Q 5. BFBO" n# $(ns. n# $(ns" or =. ... BFKtOQ

A corres)on#(ng (nst nce of KB.GHT 2. B.SH@P (s the en#Fg +e Bl ckburneFSchlechter H). 3:'I. .t (s #(ff(cult to g uge the rel t(*e * lue of B(sho) n# Kn(ght (n the en#Fg +e. The Kn(ght h s the #* nt ge of ccess to ll sPu resQ g (nst th t the B(sho) (s ble to f(ght t long r nge" n# offers o))ortun(t(es of g (n(ng +o*es (n cert (n )os(t(ons $here there (s -force# +o*e- Hco+) re ). 4:I. As lre #! st te#" t$o B(sho)s re su)er(or to t$o Kn(ghts bec use the l(+(t t(on of the colour of sPu res ce ses. A Rook gener ll! $(ns g (nst B(sho) or Kn(ght" so+et(+es e*en g (nst + jor(t! of one or t$o ) $ns" )ro*(#e#" of course" th t there re st(ll ) $ns on the Rook's s(#e" n# th t the(r exch nge c nnot be force#. The follo$(ng )os(t(on H,( gr + 53I" fro+ g +e 9ollFPost" sho$s ho$ to )rocee# (n such c ses. Here 0h(te c n force $(n (n the follo$(ng $ !7 3. RxP" PFKt>Q '. RFR>" PxPQ O. RxP" KFB'Q ;. RFB'" BFKt=Q =. RFB;" BFR;Q >. PF B;6 The Bl ck ) $n )os(t(on +ust f(rst be torn u)" (f (t (s to be tt cke# successfull!. Bo$ Bl ck's #efe t (s (ne*(t ble" $hether the ) $n (s t ken or not. The sePuel $oul# be >. ... PxPQ 5. RxP" fter $h(ch the Rook goes to KR= n# the Rook's ) $n +ust f ll" or7 >. ... KFKtOQ 5. PxP" PxPQ M. RFB>ch" KFKt'Q 4. RFB=" n# the B(sho)'s ) $n (s lost" unless Bl ck g(*es u) h(s ) sse# ) $n. .n th(s c se Bl ck loses lso7 4. RFB=" BFK3Q 3:. KxP" KFKtOQ 33. KFKO" BFBOQ 3'. RF B>" KFKt'Q 3O. KFK;" KFKtOQ 3;. RFR>" KFB'Q 3=. KFB=" BFK3Q 3>. RFKKt>" follo$e# b! RxP" etc. The Kueen g (nst necess r! to g(*e +(nor )(ece $(ns so e s(l! th t (t (s not n ex +)le. .t onl! re+ (ns to #(scuss en#F

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S LR S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S S S S &P S &K S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S &P S S S S S S &P S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S &P S S S S S LP S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S &B S S S LP S S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S S S &P S LK S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S S S S S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 53 g +es of KAEEB 2. KAEEB" R@@K 2. R@@K" AB, 9.B@R P.ECE 2. 9.B@R P.ECE" (n $h(ch one )l !er h s + jor(t! of ) $ns" or n ePu l P ge 5O

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt nu+ber of ) $ns" one of $h(ch (s ) sse#. As rule the extr FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S &B S S S S S S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S S S S S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S LKtS S LK S S &P S &K S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S S S S S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 5' ) $n le #s to $(n. There re" ho$e*er" exce)t(ons frePuentl! recurr(ng (n )r ct(ce to $h(ch . +ust refer s)ec( ll!. ,( gr + 5' sho$s n en#Fg +e $(th the $rong colour.Rook's ) $n n# B(sho) -of

0h(te #r $s $(th 3. KtFK'" PFB5Q '. KtFK;ch" KFKt5Q O. KtxP" n# #r $s" s Bl ck" (n or#er to c )ture the 0h(te ) $n" fter KxKt +ust g(*e the 0h(te K(ng ccess to the Rook's sPu re" fro+ $h(ch he coul# not be #(slo#ge# exce)t b! B(sho) on 0h(te sPu res. .n ,( gr + 5O 0h(te c nnot $(n lthough h(s B(sho) (s -r(ght colour- b! 3. PFB5" KtxPQ '. BxKt" n# 0h(te c the Rook's ) $n. He c n onl! tt ck the ) $n fro+ Kt5 both of $h(ch re (n ccess(ble s the Bl ck K(ng gets (s st le+ te )os(t(on. .f the 0h(te FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S S S S &K S S S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S LP S S &KtS S S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S LK S LB S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S S S S S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 5O ) $n $ere st(ll t R=" 0h(te's K(ng coul# tt ck the ) $n fro+ R> n# secure the $(n. P ge 5; of the nnot $(n or KtM" to Kt3. .t

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt .n the )os(t(on g(*en" 0h(te coul# onl! $(n b! kee)(ng h(s ) sse# ) $n" n# (n#ee# (t (s )oss(ble to $(n b! g (n(ng +o*e $(th the B(sho). .n the #( gr + (t (s 0h(te's +o*e. Bl ck $(th the +o*e coul# not )l ! KFB' bec use KFK> $oul# follo$. The Kn(ght $oul# h *e to +o*e" llo$(ng the ) $n to Pueen. Therefore 0h(te +ust tr! to br(ng bout the s +e )os(t(on $(th Bl ck to +o*e. He c n #o th(s" for (nst nce" (n the follo$(ng $ !7 3. BFKtO" KFB' Hno$ '. KFK> $oul# be b # on ccount of KtFK=" O. PFB5" KtFKt=ch" n# KtxPIQ '. BFR'" KFK'Q O. BFK=. Bo$ 0h(te's )l n h s succee#e#Q the s +e )os(t(on h s occurre#" n# (t (s Bl ck's +o*e. As +ent(one# before" the K(ng +ust not +o*e" but Kn(ght's +o*es re of no * (l. .f O. ... KtFKt;Q ;. BFB>ch" the Kn(ght (s lost" or ltern t(*el! the ) $n Pueens. @n O. ... KtF B3" BFK>ch #ec(#es" n# on O. ... KtFK3Q ;. BFB>ch" KFK3Q =. BxKt $oul# follo$. @n th(s occ s(on . shoul# l(ke to )o(nt out th t (t (s (+)oss(ble to g (n +o*e $(th Kn(ght" s sPu re $h(ch (s ccess(ble to h(+ (n n o## nu+ber of +o*es c nnot be re che# b! h(+ (n n e*en nu+ber. A s(+)le (nst nce (s ,( gr + 5;. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S S S S S &K S S LK S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S LKtS S S S S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S S S S S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 5; 0h(te loses" h *(ng the +o*e. 3. KFRM" KtFK;Q '. KFR'" KtFK'Q O. KFRM" KtFB3Q ;. PFR5" KtFKtO + te. Bl ck $(th the +o*e c nnot $(n" )os(t(on $(th 0h(te to +o*e. s he c nnot br(ng bout the s +e

.n en#Fg +es of B.SH@P 2. B.SH@P" of $h(ch $e h *e lre #! h # n ex +)le (n ,( gr + 5:" n extr ) $n $(ns (n +ost c ses (f the B(sho)s re of the s +e colour. .t (s gener ll! )oss(ble to force n exch nge of B(sho)s n# obt (n one of the $ellFkno$n ) $n en#(ngs. @n the other h n# n en#(ng $(th B(sho)s of #(fferent colour le #s +ostl! to #r $" frePuentl! e*en g (nst + jor(t! of t$o ) $ns. The )os(t(on (n ,( gr + 5= (s #r $" bec use (t (s (+)oss(ble for the 0h(te K(ng to get roun# h(s Kt ) $n to #r(*e off the B(sho). FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF P ge 5=

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt M S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S S S S S &B S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S &P S S &K S S S LP S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S LP S S S LK S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S LP S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S S S S LB S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S S S S S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 5= 0(th t$o ) sse# ) $ns #(st nt fro+ e ch other" $(n c n gener ll! be force#" s (n the follo$(ng )os(t(on H,( gr + 5>I. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S S &B S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S S S S &K S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S LP S S S S LP S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S S S LK S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S S LB S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S S S S S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 5> The K(ng +o*es u) to the ) $n" the )rogress of $h(ch (s b rre# b! the B(sho) Hnot the K(ngI. He thereb! forces the s cr(f(ce of the B(sho). .f the Bl ck K(ng co+es to the rescue of the B(sho)" the other ) $n )ro*es Bl ck's #o$nf ll. 3. KFK;" KFK'Q '. KFK=" KFK'Q O. BFK;" BFK'Q ;. PFKt>" BFK3Q =. PFKt5" KFB'Q >. KFK>" n# $(nsQ or =. ... BFB'Q >. PFB>" BFR5Q >. BFB'" KFK3Q M. KFK>" BFKt3Q 4. BFKt>ch" KFB3Q 3:. KFK5" n# $(ns. 0hen the ) $ns re un(te#" one shoul# obser*e th(s rule7 (f the! re tt cke#" the! shoul#" (f )oss(ble" +o*e to sPu res of the colour of the o))os(ng B(sho). Therefore (n the )os(t(on set out (n ,( gr + 55 0h(te shoul# not )l ! PFB=" but PFK=. After 3. PFB= there (s no )oss(ble ch nce for 0h(te to ssu+e the co++ n# of the Bl ck sPu res" n# (n or#er to #* nce the ) $ns (t (s necess r! FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF P ge 5>

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt M S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S S &B S S S S &K S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S S LP S LP S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S S S S S S LK S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S LB S S S S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 55 to force ccess to both 0h(te n# Bl ck sPu res. .n the )resent (nst nce )l ! $oul# )rocee# on these l(nes7 3. PFK=" BFR;Q '. KFKO" KFB'Q O. KFK;" KFK'Q ;. PFB=" BFKt=Q =. PFB>ch" KFB3Q >. PFK>" BFR>Q 5. BFR;" BFKt=. 0h(te c n onl! get through $(th the K(ng's P $n" s PFB5 (s un * (l(ng on the groun#s set out bo*e. But (n or#er to )l ! PFK5" the sPu re K5 +ust f(rst be co*ere# secon# t(+e" so th t the B(sho) c nnot be g(*en u) for the t$o ) $ns. Therefore7 M. KFK=" BFR> HBFB>Q PF K5chIQ 4. KFB>" KFK3Q 3:. KFB5ch" KFB3Q 33. KFK5" n# $(ns. .n en#Fg +es $(th one Kn(ght on e ch s(#e" n extr ) $n usu ll! #ec(#es the g +e +uch (n the s +e $ ! s (n en#Fg +es $(th B(sho)s of the s +e colourQ frePuentl! e*en $(th ePu l ) $ns" the )ossess(on of ) sse# ) $n (s suff(c(ent" s (t kee)s e(ther the K(ng or the Kn(ght bus!" so th t there (s onl! one )(ece * (l ble for the #efence of the ) $ns. An (nstruct(*e ex +)le (s the en#Fg +e E#. % skerFRotle*( on ). 3::. En#Fg +es $(th Rook g (nst Rook re the +ost frePuent" s $ell s the +ost #(ff(cult. Here the )ossess(on of n extr ) $n (s sel#o+ suff(c(ent for $(n" unless the stronger s(#e h s lso n #* nt ge (n the gre ter +ob(l(t! of the Rook. ,( gr + 5M (s t!)(c l of such c ses" frePuent (n )r ct(ce" (n FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S S &R S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S S LR S S S S &P S &K S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S LP S S S S S S S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S S S S S LP S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S S S S S S S LK S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S S S S S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H P ge 55

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt ,( g. 5M $h(ch the gre ter +ob(l(t! (s the #ec(#(ng f ctor. Although 0h(te h s one ) $n +ore" he c n onl! $(n b! re#uc(ng the +ob(l(t! of the Bl ck Rook through the follo$(ng + noeu*re7 3. RFB'" RFK'Q '. RFR'" RFR'. Bo$ the Bl ck Rook h s onl! one +o*e left" $h(lst the 0h(te Rook h s the free#o+ of the Rook's f(le. 1or (nst nce" the Rook c n be )oste# t R= n# )re*ent the Bl ck K(ng fro+ tt ck(ng 0h(te's K(ng's s(#e ) $ns" $h(lst the 0h(te K(ng + kes for the R t R5 n# effects (ts c )ture. .f" on the other h n#" the Bl ck K(ng tr(es to obstruct the $ ! to the Kueen's s(#e" 0h(te )enetr tes (nto the Bl ck ) $n )os(t(on. Bl ck c nnot + (nt (n the o))os(t(on bec use the 0h(te Rook h s s) re +o*es" the Bl ck Rook none. e.g. O. KFBO" KFKtOQ ;. RFR=" KFBOQ =. KFK;" KFKOQ >. RFR;" PFKtOQ 5. RFR=" KFKOQ M. KFK;" KFBOQ 4. KFK=" n# $(ns the ) $ns. H *(ng the +o*e" Bl ck $oul# #r $ the g +e b!7 3. ... RFK5chQ '. KFRO" RFR5. B! )l c(ng h(s Rook beh(n# the ) sse# ) $n he con#e+ns the o))os(ng Rook to (n ct(*(t!" $h(lst h(s o$n (s free to +o*e on the Rook's f(le. .f no$ the 0h(te K(ng co+es u)" he $(ll (n the en# force the s cr(f(ce of the Bl ck Rook for the ) $n" but +e n$h(le the Bl ck K(ng c )tures the 0h(te ) $ns" n# $(th ) sse# ) $ns on the K(ng's s(#e +(ght get $(nn(ng ch nces. 0hen there (s onl! one ) $n left (n en#(ngs of R g (nst R" the $e ker s(#e + (nt (ns the #r $" (f the K(ng c n co++ n# the Pueen(ng sPu re. ,( gr + 54 sho$s )os(t(on f *our ble to the stronger s(#e" n# $h(ch c n +ostl! be obt (ne# (n th(s en#Fg +e. But here" too" Bl ck forces #r $ $(th )rett! + noeu*re7 3. ... RFB'Q '. RFKKt'" RFK'chQ O. PGR" n# Bl ck (s st le+ te. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S &R S &K S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S LP S LK S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S S S LR S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S S S S S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 54 The ch nces of #r $ re e*en gre ter (n en#(ngs of K g (nst K" s the K(ng on the stronger s(#e c n sel#o+ e* #e )er)etu l check. 1or the s ke of co+)leteness . $(ll sho$ fe$ c ses (n $h(ch K or R c nnot $(n g (nst n #* nce# ) $n. .n ,( gr + M: 0h(te c n st(ll #r $" re ches Kt5" su))orte# b! the K(ng c nnot co+e u) $(th h(s K(ng" so th for the ) $n. T$o ) sse# ) $ns $(n" for (n f(*e +o*es the ) $n t R5" n# (n th t t(+e Bl ck t he +ust g(*e u) the Rook e*en $hen the K(ng (s $ ! P ge 5M

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt fro+ the+" (f the! h *e re che# the(r s(xth sPu re. .n ,( gr + M3" for (nst nce" 0h(te (s lost" FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S LK S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S LP S S S &R S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S S S S S &K S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. M:. s Bl ck g(*es u) h(s Rook of the ) $ns Pueens. t K5 n# )l !s PFKt>" fter $h(ch one

The Kueen $(ns g (nst n #* nce# ) $n" e*en $hen the l tter (s su))orte# b! the K(ngQ onl! the R or B ) $n c n FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S LK S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S S S LP S S S S LR S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S &K S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S &R S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S S S S &P S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S S S S S S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S S S S S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. M3. #r $ so+et(+es" $hen the ) $n (s on the se*enth su))orte# b! the K(ng" n# the o))os(ng K c nnot +o*e to the Pueen(ng sPu re. The follo$(ng (llustr tes the three )r(nc() l c ses7 A. Pos(t(onFF0h(te7 K Bl ck7 K t KKtM" P t KR5 t KRM" K t KBO

Bl ck +ust sto) the ) $n n# )l !s KFKtOch. 0h(te ns$ers $(th KF R sP n# (s st le+ te unless 0h(te lets the Kt's f(le free g (n. Th(s en#Fg +e c n onl! be $on (f the stronger K(ng c n ssu+e the o))os(t(on (n t$o +o*es. Therefore" (f (n the bo*e ex +)le the P ge 54

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt Bl ck K(ng $ s st n#(ng t K=" Bl ck $oul# $(n s follo$s7 3. ... KFK3chQ '. KFKt5" KFK'chQ O. KFKtM" KFB;Q ;. PFRM J K" KFKtO. n# 0h(te c nnot co*er the + te. B. Pos(t(onFF0h(te7 K Bl ck7 K t KKtM" P t KB5 t K=" K t KBO

0h(te #r $s7 3. ... KFKtOchQ '. KFRM" KxP st le+ te. C. Pos(t(onFF0h(te7 K Bl ck7 K t KKtM" P t KKt5 t K=" K t KBO 0h(te loses.

3. KFR5" KFR=chQ '. KFKt>" KFKt=chQ O. KFB5" KFB;chQ ;. KFKM" KF KOchQ =. KFBM" KFBOchQ >. KFKtM" KFB;Q 5. KFR5" KFR=chQ M. KFKtM" KFBOQ 4. KFBM" KFRO" etc.

EB,FGA9ES 1R@9 9ASTER P%AY

.n the follo$(ng ) ges . g(*e so+e (nstruct(*e ex +)les t ken fro+ tourn +ent )l !. Ste) b! ste) $e $(ll f(n# ho$ *er! (+)ort nt (s the kno$le#ge of the s(+)le en#(ngs tre te# (n the l st ch )ter. 0e sh ll see th t (t (s often necess r! to cons(#er + n! +o*es he # to f(n# the correct l(ne" but th t (t (s ne rl! l$ !s )oss(ble to foresee e*er! consePuence $(th unf (l(ng cert (nt!. 9oreo*er" bec use of the re#uct(on of forces there (s no c ll to t ke *er! + n! * r( t(ons (nto cons(#er t(on. Th(s ex)l (ns $h! there (s ten#enc! (n +o#ern + ster )l ! to enforce the exch nge of )(eces" s soon s there (s the sl(ghtest #* nt ge suff(c(ent to br(ng bout one of the ele+ent r! en#F g +e )os(t(ons" (n $h(ch the $(n c n be force#. 3. 1R@9 A GA9E TE.CH9ABBFB%ACKBARBE HBER%.B" 3M45I. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S S S S S S &P S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S &P S S &K S &P S S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S &P S S &P S S S S S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S LP S S LP S S S S LP S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S S S S S S LP S LK S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S S S S S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. M'. Bl ck h s n extr ) $n on the Kueen's s(#e. But s (t (s #ouble#" the + ter( l su)er(or(t! (s of no ccount. A )erce)t(ble #* nt ge" ho$e*er" l(es (n the f ct th t 0h(te c nnot br(ng P ge M:

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt bout -force# +o*e- )os(t(on" s Bl ck h s the +o*e PFKB; (n reser*e. 0h(te h s lso n (nf(n(tes(+ l $e kness on the K(ng's s(#e" the Rook's ) $n h *(ng #* nce# t$o sPu res n# be(ng therefore n e s! + rk. Th(s #(s #* nt ge soon beco+es )) rent. 3. '. O. ;. PFBO KFB' KFKt' KFRO KFB; PFR; PFKt; KFK;

0(th th(s +o*e #* nt ge (s t ken of one of 0h(te's $e knesses. 0h(te +ust exch nge ) $ns. .f the K(ng +o*es" Bl ck c )tures" free(ng B = for h(s K(ng" fro+ $here he c n l ter on get to K> or Kt>. But fter the exch nge t Kt;" Bl ck h s the ch nce of obt (n(ng -#(st nt ) sse# ) $n- on the Rook's f(le. =. PxP >. KFKt' 5. KFR' PxP KFB; KFBO

.f Bl ck $ere to )l ! PFR= t once" 0h(te $oul# re)l! $(th M. KF RO" n# fter PxP" 4. KxP. Bl ck $oul# h *e to g(*e u) the s) re +o*e PFB;" to g (n the sPu re t B= for h(s K(ng. The g +e then $oul# be #r $n fter 3:. KFKt'6 KFB=" 33. KFB'" bec use 0h(te + (nt (ns the o))os(t(on" n# Bl ck c nnot get through t K> or Kt>. Bl ck therefore + noeu*res h(s K(ng f(rst (n such $ ! th t the sPu re t h(s B; (s onl! re che# $hen the 0h(te K(ng (s t KtO. M. KFKt' 4. KFR' KFKtO PFR=

Bo$ ne(ther PxP nor PFB; (s of n! use. .n the f(rst c se Bl ck obt (ns the #(st nt ) sse# ) $n. .n the secon# 0h(te obt (ns the #(st nt ) sse# ) $n fter 3:. PFB;" PxBPQ 33. PxRP" but loses (t g (n fter KFR;Q 3'. KFRO" PFB;. 3:. KFRO 33. KxP PxP KFB;

At l st Bl ck h s c )ture# the co*ete# sPu re" $h(lst kee)(ng the s) re +o*e (n h n#. 3'. KFB' KFB=

The 0h(te K(ng c nnot +o*e to Kt' no$" bec use (n th t c se Bl ck $oul# +o*e the K(ng to the 0h(te KBP n# Pueen (n se*en +o*es" n# 0h(te" fter se*en +o*es" $oul# onl! h *e the KB ) $n t B5. 3O. KFK' 3;. KFKO KFKt> PFB;

n# $(ns" for 0h(te c nnot hol# the KBP no$" but +ust c )ture the KtP (n exch nge for (t" fter $h(ch the Bl ck K(ng re ches the Kueen's s(#e t$o +o*es he #" e.g.7 3=. 3>. 35. 3M. 34. KFK' KFKO KFK; KFB= KxP KFKt5 KFBM6 KFB5 KxP KFK>" etc. $(n lso (f 0h(te h # )l !e# KFKt' on P ge M3

Bl ck $oul# h *e force#

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt h(s t$elfth +o*e thus7 3'. KFKt'" KFB=Q 3O. KFB'. Bo$ 0h(te h s the o))os(t(on" n# fter Bl ck $r(ngs (t fro+ h(+ b! )l !(ng the s) re +o*e PFB;" he ssu+es (t g (n $(th 3;. KF K'" KFKt>Q 3=. KFKO. But he c nnot + (nt (n (t fter Bl ck's KFR> bec use the sPu re t KO for #(st nt o))os(t(on (s not ccess(ble. After 3>. KFK'" KFR56Q 35. KFKO" KFKt>Q 3M. KFK'" KF Kt5Q 34. KFKO" KFBM $e get the s +e result s before. ... 1R@9 A GA9E E,. %ASKERFR@T%E2. HHA9BARG" 343:I. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S S S S &Kt S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S &P S &P S S &K S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S S S LK S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S S S LP S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S S LKtS S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S S S S S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. MO. 0h(te h s the #* nt ge" bec use Bl ck +ust kee) e(ther h(s K(ng or h(s Kn(ght )er+ nentl! ne r the ) sse# ) $n" gu r#(ng g (nst (ts #* nce" $h(lst both 0h(te's K(ng n# Kn(ght c n tt ck the Bl ck ) $ns. As !et the! st n# so f r (n the re r th t the 0h(te K(ng c nnot ))ro ch the+ Therefore 0h(te +ust f(rst tr! to force the(r #* nce. 3. KtFB= '. KtFKO PFKtO PFR;

Th(s (s no$ necess r!" bec use the sPu re BO (s $e k fter PFKtO n# the 0h(te Kn(ght thre tens to $(n the Rook's ) $n e*entu ll! $(th check t B>. 1or th(s re son KtFK '" for (nst nce" coul# not be )l !e# (nste # of the +o*e (n the text" bec use O. KtFK= $oul# follo$. Bl ck no$ c nnot exch nge" of course" other$(se the )os(t(on $oul# resol*e (tself to n e s! en# g +e $(n s(+(l r to the one (n ,( gr + =>. There $oul# be noth(ng left but KtFKt3 to o))ose the thre t of KtFB>ch" n# th(s $oul# get the Kn(ght ent(rel! out of )l !" so th t 0h(te coul# Pueen the ) sse# ) $n e s(l! fter ;. KFKt>. O. KFK= PFBO K= n# B>.

The K(ng $ s thre ten(ng to enter *( ;. KFB= KtFKO

.f Bl ck $(shes to ob*( te the thre t7 KtFK=FB;" n# )l !s PFKt;" the 0h(te K(ng goes to KB= n# $(ns ll the ) $ns e s(l!. P ge M'

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt Therefore Bl ck en#e *ours to s cr(f(ce ) $n (n or#er to exch nge the t$o others" fter $h(ch #r $ coul# be force# b! exch ng(ng the Kn(ght for the re+ (n(ng 0h(te ) $n. =. KtFK= >. KtFB; 5. KtxP PFB; PFKt; PFB=

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S S S S &K S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S S S &KtS S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S LKtS &P S S S S LK S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S &P S S S LP S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S S S S S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. M;. M. KFK= 4. KtFB>ch KtFB; KFB36

Bot KFB'" bec use of 3:. KFK;" KtFK>Q 33. KtFK=ch. 3:. KtFR5 Here 0h(te h # onl! cons(#ere# the follo$(ng ns$er7

KtFK>chQ 33. KFK;" KtxKtPQ 3'. KtxP" KtFK>Q 3O. PFB=" KtFKt=Q 3;. KtFBO" KtFB5ch7 3=. KxP" KtFK>chQ 3>. KFB=" KtxPQ 35. PFR;" KtF K'Q 3M. KtFK=" KtFB3Q 34. KFB>" KFK3Q ':. KFB5" KtFR5Q '3. KFKt5" n# $(ns the Kn(ght. Bl ck ho$e*er #r $s" through 3:. 33. 3'. 3O. ... KFK; KFB; KxP )rett! co+b(n t(on7

PFKt= PFB> PxP KtxP

n# 0h(te c nnot )re*ent the ult(+ te exch nge of Kt for P. The l st $(nn(ng ch nce $oul# h *e been7 3:. KFK;6" KtFKQ 33. KFBO. Th(s (s (n n! c se the +ore )l us(ble l(ne" bec use no$ 0h(te c n tt ck the ) $ns $(th both K(ng n# Kn(ght" s both the Bl ck )(eces re $ ! fro+ the f(el# of o)er t(ons. The sePuel coul# be7 33. KtxBPQ 3'. PFRO HKtFR5 $oul# onl! #r $7 KtFK5chQ 3O. KF Kt;" KtFBM 3;. PFRO" KtFR5chQ 3=. KxP" PFB>IQ 3'. KtFK;ch 3O. KF K;" KtFB=Q 3;. KFK; HKtFR5 U" KtFK5ch66Q 3= KFKO" PFB>I" KtFK>Q 3=. PFKt;" KtFKt5 3> KtFK;" n# $(ns .... 1ro+ g +e Bl ckburneFSchlechter H2(enn " 3M4MI. P ge MO

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S S S S &R S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S &P S &K S &B S S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S S &P S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S LP S S S S &K S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S LP S S S LK S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S S S S LKtS S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S S S S LK S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S S LR S S S LR S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. M=

0h(te h s just )l !e# KFB;. PFB= (s thre tene#" n# Bl ck (s force# to exch nge Kueens. The ensu(ng en#Fg +e" ho$e*er" (s (nfer(or for Bl ck" bec use the KP (s $e k n# 0h(te thre tens e*entu ll! to force h(s Kueen's P $n through. 3. '. O. ;. =. ... KxK KtFK; RxR RFK3 KFB; BxK BFKtO RxR RxR

.f Bl ck $ nts to *o(# the exch nge" he +ust !(el# u) the K(ng's f(le to 0h(te" n# th t $oul# surel! s)ell #(s ster" s the Bl ck Rook $oul# h *e no f(el# of ct(on" n# $oul# h *e to go to K3 to *o(# the loss of ) $n through KtFKt=ch" fter $h(ch the 0h(te Rook $oul# t ke )ossess(on of the se*enth r nk" fetter(ng the ct(on of the B(sho) (nto the b rg (n. >. KxR 5. PFKKtO BFK> KFK' n# 0h(te c n Pu(etl! set to

Bl ck (s con#e+ne# to (n ct(*(t!" $ork to force h(s ) $n through. M. 4. 3:. 33. 3'. KFK' PFKtO PFKRO KFKO KtFBO BFK= BFKtM BFK= BFKtM

.n or#er to )l ! PFKKt; n# PFB=" then to force Bl ck to exch nge t B=" 0h(te +ust f(rst h *e the o))ortun(t! of be r(ng secon# t(+e on Bl ck's Kueen's P $n. Therefore he )re) res the + noeu*re KtFBOFK'FB;. 3'. 3O. 3;. 3=. 3>. 35. ... PFKKt; PFB= KFK; KtFK' KtFB; KFK' BFB; BFK' BFK3 BFK' PxPch P ge M;

3M. PxP

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt PFBO

.t (s not !et e s! to + ter( l(se the #* nt ge (n )os(t(on The #* nce PFK>ch $oul# be *er! b #" s B> n# K> $oul# be + #e ccess(ble for Bl ck. 0h(te st rts b! te+)t(ng the ) $ns for$ r# n# thus s!ste+ t(c ll! cre tes )o(nts of tt ck. 34. KtFKt' ':. PFKR; '3. PFR= BFB; KFK' PFKRO

The Kueen's s(#e (s ) r l!se#. The text +o*e (s force#" s PFR> $oul# g(*e 0h(te !et nother ) sse# ) $n. Bo$ 0h(te turns h(s ttent(on to the K(ng's s(#e. ''. 'O. ';. '=. '>. KtFB; KtFK> KFK; PFKt; KFK; KFB' BFK' BFR= BFB5ch BFKtO ) sse# ) $n too" the

Bl ck $(shes to )l ! PFR;" (n or#er to get onl! ch nce of s *(ng the g +e. '5. PFRO KFKt3

Bo$ PFR; $oul# be countere# b! KtFB=" forc(ng the exch nge n# le *(ng b ck$ r# ) $n t Kt' n# the Rook's ) $n $oul# be boun# to f ll. 'M. KtFB= '4. PxB BxKt KFB'

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S &P S &K S S S S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S &P S S S S S &P S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S LP S S LP S LP S S LP S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S LK S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S S S S S S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S S S S S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. M>. .t $oul# no$ see+ s (f Bl ck +(ght h *e )l !e# PFKKt; here" secur(ng ) sse# ) $n" n# forc(ng #r $. After O:. PFR; Bl ck $oul# )l ! PFRO" n# (t (s not e*(#ent ho$ 0h(te (s to $(n. But '4. ... PFKKt; (s ) rr(e# b! PxP e.). The #(fference (n the ) $n )os(t(ons" $h(ch #ec(#es the (ssue for 0h(te" (s foun# (n the f ct th t the 0h(te ) sse# ) $n t K= (s un ss (l ble bec use the su))ort of the BP c nnot be t ken $ ! b! Bl ck's PFKtO" $h(lst Bl ck's ) sse# ) $n t h(s BO c n be (sol te# t n! t(+e through P ge M=

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt PFR;FR=. 0h(te $oul# t ke u) )os(t(on on the Kn(ght's f(le $(th the K(ng" n# )ush on the Rook's ) $n. The (sol te# ) $ns re then n e s! )re!. @n the text +o*e 0h(te lso )ushes the Rook's ) $n on to co+)el PFRO n# re#uce Bl ck to +o*es b! the K(ng. The ) sse# Kueen's ) $n #ec(#es the g +e. O:. O3. O'. OO. O;. KFK; KFB; KFKt; PFR; PFR= KFK' KFK' KFK' KFB3 PFRO

@ther$(se there follo$s7 PFR>" KFR=" etc. O=. O>. O5. OM. O4. KFB; KFK; PFK>ch KFK= PFB>ch KFK' KFB' KFB3 KFK' PxPch

Hco+) re ,( gr + >MI ;:. KFB= Res(gns

.2. 1R@9 A GA9E B.R,F8AB@0SK.. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S S S S S &K S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S S LB S S S S S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S LP S S S S S &P S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S LP S S S &P S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S LP S S S S LP S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S S S S S LK S S S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S &R S S S S S S S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. M5 .n s)(te of the )re)on#er nce of + ter( l" the $(n (s not n e s! one for Bl ck" bec use of 0h(te's l r+(ng ) $n rr ! on the Kueen's s(#e. The K(ng +ust f(rst + ke use of h(s gre t )o$er s n en#Fg +e )(ece. 3. '. O. ;. =. ... PFKt= PFKt> PxP BFK= KFB' KFKO PxP KFK'

thre tens PFKt5. But s 0h(te +ust f(rst +o*e h(s B(sho) to co*er h(s ) $n" the Rook's ) $n (s lost" n# the + noeu*re therefore unsoun#. PFRO $ s (n#(c te#Q (t thre tens the bre kFu) of the P ge M>

Bl ck ) $ns b! PFKt; =. >. 5. M. 4. ... BFK; KFKO KFB; PFKt;

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt n# the(r c )ture b! the K(ng. KFBO RFR'ch RxP RFK56 RxB

Bl ck re#uces the )os(t(on to n ele+ent r! en#(ng" $h(ch (s theoret(c ll! $(n. 0h(lst the t$o 0h(te ) sse# ) $ns re (sol te# n# f ll s(ngl!" Bl ck obt (ns t$o ) sse# ) $ns" $h(ch re un(te# n# un ss (l ble. 3:. 33. 3'. 3O. 3;. PxR KxKP KFB; PFK=ch KFK= Res(gns. PFK> PxP PFR; KxKtP KFB'

2. 1R@9 A GA9E STE.BERF1@RGACV HSVEKES1EHER2AR" 34:5I. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S S &P S S &K S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S &P S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S S LP S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S LR S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S S LP S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S S LP S S S S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S S S LK S S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. MM 0h(te h s n #* nt ge (n the gre ter +ob(l(t! of h(s Rook" + kes the +ost of (t (n n (nstruct(*e f sh(on. 3. RFKt; PFKtO $e kness t KB>. n#

0h(te )ro*okes th(s +o*e (n or#er to )ro#uce '. KFK' O. RFKB; Bl ck n tur ll! # re not se*enth. ;. PFK; KFKO RFKB3

llo$ the Rook to )enetr te (nto the PFKB;

Th(s +o*e $oul# $(n the g +e" (f the Rooks h # been exch nge#" bec use (n th t c se the #(st nt ) sse# ) $n $h(ch Bl ck coul# obt (n on the KKt f(le $oul# #ec(#e the (ssue. But" su))orte# b! P ge M5

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt the +ob(le Rook" the centre ) $ns beco+e (rres(st(ble. .nste # of the text +o*e" PFKB; $ s necess r! (n or#er to rele se the Rook. =. PFBO >. PxP PxP PFKB;

.f (t $ere not for the Rooks" the centre ) $ns $oul# not hel) 0h(te" bec use Bl ck $oul# obt (n ) sse# ) $n on e(ther $(ng. 5. KFKO M. RFB' 4. PFKt; PFKKt; RFB3 PFB=

.f PxP" 3:. RFB>ch" KFK'Q 33. RFR> $(ns. 3:. 33. 3'. 3O. 3;. 3=. 3>. PFKR; PxP RFR' RFR>ch PFK= RFK>ch RFB>6 PFKRO PxP RFB3 KFK' PFB> KFK' Res(gns.

1or fter RxR" 35. PxR" 0h(te c )tures the BP" n# st(ll o*ert kes the ) sse# ) $n $h(ch Bl ck obt (ns on the Kueen's $(ngQ the ) $ns t K= n# B> re un ss (l ble HKFKM" PFK>" KFB5" PFK5" etc.I. The consePuences of 3>. RFB> h # to be c lcul te# to n(cet!. .f" for (nst nce" the KKtP $ere lre #! t h(s fourth" 0h(te $oul# lose. .n four +o*es Bl ck $oul# h *e one of h(s ) $ns t h(s R>" the other t Kt=. .n the +e nt(+e 0h(te $oul# h *e t ken the BP n# co+e b ck to the K f(le. Bo$ Bl ck $oul# $(n $(th PFKt>" bec use fter PxP the RP Pueens un+oleste#. 2.. 1R@9 A GA9E CHAR@ASEKFHE.BR.CHSEB HC@%@GBE" 3M4MI. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S &R S S S S &K S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S &P S S &K S &R S &P S &P S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S S S S S S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S &P S S S LK S S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S &P S LR S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S S LP S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S LP S S S LP S LP S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S S LR S S LK S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. M4 0h(te's )os(t(on (s su)er(orQ f(rstl!" bec use the onl! o)en f(le on the bo r# (s h(s" n# secon#l!" bec use the Bl ck Kueen's s(#e ) $ns re #* nce#" n# therefore $e k for K(ng's en#(ng. After exch ng(ng the Kueen n# one Rook" the )ossess(on of the K(ng's f(le ensures the #* nce of the K(ng to K; n# fro+ there to K=. P ge MM

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt Then the $e kness of Bl ck's ) $ns #ec(#es the g +e. 3. '. O. ;. =. KxK RFKMch RxRch KFR' KFKtO RxK RxR KFR' PFKKtO

PxP (s no thre t" bec use 0h(te $(ns the ) $n b ck t once $(th RFK=. B! c )tur(ng" Bl ck $oul# onl! #(sloc te h(s ) $ns. =. >. 5. M. 4. ... KFB; RFK= KFK; PFKB; KKt' KFBO PFKtO RFKO RFKO

Bl ck )rob bl! ho)es for counter ch nce b! gett(ng #(st nt ) sse# ) $n on the KRook's f(le. But he un#err tes the $e kness of the Kueen's s(#e ) $ns" n# e*en $(thout the exch nge of Rooks" 0h(te $oul# $(n" b! settl(ng the K(ng's s(#e f(rst n# then te r(ng u) the Kueen's s(#e" s (n the g +e7 3:. PFKKt;" RF K'Q 33. PxP" PxPQ 3'. PFKt=ch" PxPQ 3O. PxPch. 3:. 33. 3'. 3O. PxP KFK= PxRch PFKKt; PxP RxR KFK' Res(gns

Bl ck +ust c )ture" s he nee#s se*en +o*es (n $h(ch to ex ch nge the Kn(ght's ) $n n# Pueen h(s Rook's ) $n" $h(lst (n th t t(+e 0h(te c n $(n the KP fter PxP" n# !et rr(*e (n t(+e $(th h(s K(ng to sto) the ) $n fro+ Pueen(ng. After lO. ... PxP" ho$e*er" there follo$s 3;. KxP. Then 0h(te co*ers h(s ) sse# ) $n $(th PFK;" n# h(s K(ng" h *(ng full free#o+" c )tures ll the Bl ck ) $ns.

CHAPTER 2. THE 9.,,%E GA9E

GEBERA% RE9ARKS

HA2.BG no$ f (r kno$le#ge of the en#Fg +e" $e shoul# be (n )os(t(on to ))rec( te ho$ the +(##le g +e shoul# be con#ucte#. 0e +ust throughout + (nt (n f *our ble ) $n for+ t(on" (n *(e$ of the en#Fg +e $h(ch +(ght be force# on us b! exch nges. @n the other h n#" s soon s $e h *e g (ne# n #* nt ge suff(c(ent to secure the *(ctor! (n the en#Fg +e" $e +ust oursel*es" b! the exch nge of )(eces" tr! to re#uce the )os(t(on to one of the t!)(c l ele+ent r! c ses $h(ch $e h *e #(scusse#. Bo$ (t $(ll (n* r( bl! be foun# th t beg(nners re un$(ll(ng to + ke these essent( l exch nges. Th(s (s ex)l (ne# b! the ttr ct(on $h(ch co+b(n t(ons (n*ol*(ng the ct(on of + n! )(eces h *e for the+. The! ssu+e th t exch nges" ) rt(cul rl! of the Kueens" + ke the g +es #ull. Such (#e s onl! )ro*e th t the beg(nner h s not P ge M4

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt gr s)e# the n ture of chess" the essence of $h(ch (s stern log(c n# unco+)ro+(s(ng conclus(ons" n# th(s #e+ n#s the shortest n# cle rest $ ! le #(ng to + te. To the strong )l !er" ble to )l ! log(c ll!" log(c $(ll l$ !s be (nse) r ble fro+ be ut! (n chess. To )l ! log(c ll! +e ns to subor#(n te ll co+b(n t(ons to le #(ng )l n of c +) (gn" but there (s #(ff(cult! (n f(n#(ng the l tter. An unsoun# sche+e" e*en (f $orke# out to (ts log(c l conclus(on" c n of course be of no * lue. All the s +e (t (s better th n no )l n t ll. An# (n t(+e one g (ns b! ex)er(ence" n# #e*elo)s sort of (nst(nct for reject(ng fro+ the l rge nu+ber of )oss(ble o)er t(ons ll those $h(ch" )ro)erl! countere#" c nnot br(ng n! #* nt ge. Bes(#e )r ct(c l )l !" $h(ch (s essent( l (n or#er to g (n th(s (nst(nct" +etho#(c l theoret(c l (nstruct(on (s of (nest(+ ble * lue" n# cceler tes the #e*elo)+ent of the stu#ent's +(n#. Bo$ the (nstruct(on . $(sh to g(*e (n the THE@RY of chess $(ll not t ke the for+ of n ABA%YS.S" brought u) r(ght (nto the +(##le g +e" of the * r(ous o)en(ngs" teste# n# foun# correct (n + ster )l !. Such collect(ons erroneousl! be r the t(tle of -Theor! of the @)en(ngs"- n# re" bes(#es" Pu(te useless t th(s st ge" s(nce the! onl! e+bo#! the results of ABA%YS.S. .t (s f(rst necess r! to scert (n fe$ le #(ng )r(nc()les" $h(ch c n be t ught (n +ost s(+)le + nner" b! the exerc(se of co++on sense" r ther th n b! ))l!(ng oneself to the stu#! of longF$(n#e# n l!s(s. The stu#ent $(ll no longer nee# to #(sco*er t(+eF$orn + x(+s (n the l(ght of h(s o$n $e r! ex)er(ence" n# on the other h n#" these )r(nc()les $(ll hel) h(+ to un#erst n# n l!s(s" n# to kee) cle rl! before h(s +(n#'s e!e the co++on n# )r(nc() l l(nes of )l !" of $h(ch he +(ght e s(l! lose s(ght (n the l b!r(nth of suggeste# * r( t(ons. . )ro)ose to sho$ the ))l(c t(on of such )r(nc()les to + ster )l !" n# th(s $(ll g(*e us further o))ortun(t! of #ee)er stu#!" both of the rules set out (n the f(rst ) rt for con#uct(ng the o)en(ng correctl!" n# of the en#Fg +e )r(nc()les" $h(ch shoul# be $ell cons(#ere#. . h *e + #e the ) $n skeleton $(th (ts tten# nt grou)(ng of )(eces the + (n cons(#er t(on (n the stu#! of the o)en(ngQ no$ (n the (n*est(g t(on of the )roble+s of the +(##le g +e" . $(ll st rt fro+ the TRABS1@R9AT.@B $h(ch the ) $n skeleton h s to un#ergo (n the course of further o)er t(ons. .n +! o)(n(on th(s (s the best st rt(ngF)o(nt for the cho(ce of effect(*e + noeu*res of the #(fferent )(eces. Before $e re ble to e*ol*e )r ct(c l sche+e $e +ust h *e un#er cons(#er t(on the follo$(ng (+)ort nt )o(nts7 Ho$ #o $e kno$ (f n tt ck (s l(kel! to succee#U .n other $or#s7 @n $h t )o(nt shoul# . concentr te the tt ckU .t shoul# be cle r to ll th t (t (s of no )oss(ble use to #(rect n tt ck on n!th(ng th t c n +o*e $ !. Yet beg(nners frePuentl! (nfr(nge th(s ob*(ous rule" n# . h *e often $(tnesse# + noeu*res such s these H,( gr + 4:I7 FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S S &B S &K S S &R S &K S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S &P S &P S S S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS P ge 4:

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt > S S S &KtS &P S S &KtS S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S &B S S &P S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S LB S S LP S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S LKtS LP S S LKtS S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S LP S S S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S S LB S LK S S LR S LK S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 4: 3. PFKRO" '. PFKKt;" n# then" fter the B h s ret(re# to h(s KtO e*en" O. RFKKt3" ;. PFKR;" =. PFR=. 9e n$h(le Bl ck $(ll h *e )l !e# PFKRO" to + ke loo)hole for h(s B t R'" n# $h t (s the resultU The Bl ck B(sho) (s s effectu l t R' s t B;" but 0h(te h s #* nce# h(s ) $ns" n# $e kene# the+" s the! re no$ +ore l( ble to tt ck. 9oreo*er" 0h(te h s use# u) f(*e +o*es to ch(e*e h(s (+" $h(lst Bl ck onl! nee#e# three. Therefore Bl ck h s g (ne# t$o +o*es" $h(ch he c n use for the #e*elo)+ent of h(s )(eces. ,( gr + 43 (llustr tes nother +(st ke frePuentl! + #e (n the cho(ce of n object(*e" n# one $h(ch c n utterl! s)o(l the $hole g +e" e*en (n (ts e rl(est st ge. Bl ck h s to FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S S &B S &K S &K S &B S &KtS &R S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S &P S &P S &P S S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S LK S LP S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S LP S S S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S LKtS LB S S LK S LB S S LR S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 43 +o*e" n# h(s g +e (s so+e$h t h(n#ere# b! the #o+(n t(ng )os(t(on of the 0h(te Kueen. The l tter )re*ents the B(sho) fro+ occu)!(ng #es(r ble sPu re t h(s KB;" n# lso + kes the l(ber t(ng +o*e PFK; (+)oss(ble. Therefore (t $oul# see+ #es(r ble to #r(*e the Kueen $ !. But th(s shoul# onl! be #one (f (t (s not tten#e# b! so+e further #(s #* nt ge. Bo$ the *er ge )l !er (s not ) rt(cul rl! f st(#(ous (n h(s +etho#s. The Kueen (rr(t tes h(+" therefore the Kueen +ust be re)elle# one $ ! or the other. He $oul# )rob bl! tr! PFKB;. The result (s th t the Kueen selects nother goo# sPu re" for (nst nce t KO or KR;" but Bl ck h s not (+)ro*e# + tters" for he P ge 43

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt st(ll c n )l ! ne(ther BFB; nor PFK;. @n the other h n#" (rre#ee+ ble h r+ h s been #one" (n s+uch s the Bl ck KP no$ re+ (ns -b ck$ r#.- The tt ck on the Kueen b! PFKB; +ust consePuentl! be rejecte#. S ll(es such s these" (n $h(ch shortF l(*e# tt cks re + #e b! ) $ns u)on )(eces" re l$ !s of #oubtful * lue. The! +ust unPuest(on bl! be *o(#e# (f the! bre k u) the ) $n skeleton" $h(ch (s for+e# (n the o)en(ng" n# conf(ne the +ob(l(t! of the )(eces. Also $(th reg r# to + noeu*res of P.ECES" (nten#e# solel! to #r(*e $ ! n o))os(ng )(ece" (t (s ob*(ousl! essent( l th t the tt ck(ng )(eces (n effect(ng the(r )ur)ose shoul# not be + #e to str ! too f r f(el#" lest the! beco+e out of )l !. . sh ll #el ! #e l(ng $(th the fe tures un#erl!(ng goo# for+s of tt ck" both b! )(eces n# ) $ns" unt(l . h *e tre te# of the cho(ce of n object(*e. 1ro+ $h t $e h *e lre #! ex)oun#e#" (t (s cle r th t the subject of n tt ck shoul# be (nc ) ble of e* s(on. Shoul# (t" (n the course of tt ck" be #es(re# to )re*ent P.ECE fro+ be(ng +o*e#" th t c n onl! be effecte# b! +e ns of -)(n.- A PA0B" ho$e*er" c n be hel# (n )l ce e(ther b! occu)!(ng the sPu re (++e#( tel! (n front of (t" or b! controll(ng the l tter $(th +ore forces th n the o))onent c n br(ng to be r u)on (t. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S S &R S S S &K S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S S &K S &R S &B S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S &P S &P S S &P S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S &P S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S LP S S LP S LB S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S LP S S LR S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S S S LK S S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S LR S S S LK S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 4' The l st t$o #( gr +s exe+)l(f! th(s. .f (n ,( gr + 43 Bl ck + kes the +(st ke of )l !(ng PFKB; s suggeste#" the b ck$ r# KP beco+es $elco+e object(*e for 0h(te's tt ck. 0h(te c n kee) th t ) $n b ck b! )l !(ng PFK B; s soon s (t thre tens to #* nce" fter $h(ch he $oul# #e*elo) Pu(etl!" #ouble h(s Rooks" n# br(ng the K n# KB to be r (n concentr te# tt ck on K>. A )os(t(on not unl(ke th t (n ,( gr + 4' $(ll result ult(+ tel!" (n $h(ch Bl ck #efen#s the ) $n s + n! t(+es s (t (s tt cke#" but (n $h(ch 0h(te c n br(ng u) h(s KP to the tt ck" s the KP c nnot +o*e $ !" $h(lst Bl ck h s no further #efens(*e +o*e t h(s #(s)os l. Pl ! g (nst b ck$ r# ) $n ne rl! l$ !s #e*elo)s on these l(nes" n# (s e*en e s(er $hen there (s no #efen#(ng B of the s +e colour s the ) $n. HSee ). ;:" n# G +e Bo. '>.I Such + noeu*res" (n the course of $h(ch )(eces P ge 4' re )(nne# n#

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt tt cke#" re (llustr te# (n ,( gr + 4:. The +ost ob*(ous +o*e" $h(ch (n(t( tes n tt ck n# t the s +e t(+e co+)letes the #e*elo)+ent of the +(nor )(eces" (s BFKt=. Att cks b! +e ns of such #e*(ces re so frePuent n# * r(e# th t (t $(ll be necess r! to tre t the+ t so+e length" $h(ch . no$ )ro)ose to #o. . shoul# lso ## th t" $(th reg r# to ,( gr + 4:" the stu#ent $(ll #er(*e l st(ng benef(t fro+ thorough stu#! of the )os(t(on" n# $(ll thus (+)ro*e h(s )o$er to ju#ge of the #es(r b(l(t!" or other$(se" of obt (n(ng o)en f(les" #( gon ls" #ouble# ) $ns" etc. After BFKKt=" the thre t (s to tt ck the Kn(ght secon# n# th(r# t(+e $(th KtFK=" n# KFBO" fter +o*(ng the KKt $ !. As Bl ck's KKt (s onl! su))orte# t$(ce" n# there (s no ch nce of br(ng(ng u) +ore forces for (ts #efence" Bl ck +ust un#ert ke so+eth(ng to )ro*(#e g (nst the thre tene# onsl ught. The +ost n tur l )l n (s to #e*elo) the KB t KO" fro+ $here (t c n be exch nge# for the Kn(ght shoul# KtFK= be )l !e#. The #ouble# ) $n" $h(ch 0h(te coul# force b! exch ng(ng the B(sho)s" (s (n no $ ! #etr(+ent l to Bl ck's g +e. @n the contr r!" the o)en(ng of the f(le for the Rook" $(th the tten# nt ch nce of )l !(ng PFK; su))orte# b! the #ouble# ) $n" g(*es Bl ck the #* nt ge. The #ouble# ) $n $h(ch Bl ck obt (ns fter '. KtFK=" BxKtQ O. PxB Hor O. BxBI" KtFK'Q ;. BxKt" $oul# lso be of no hel) to 0h(te. The )) rent $e kness cre te# (n Bl ck's g +e t KBO n# KRO b! the #(s ))e r nce of the KtP #oes not ss(st 0h(te (n th(s c se" bec use the )(eces $h(ch coul# t ke #* nt ge of such $e kness" the KB n# the Kt t K=" h *e been exch nge#. There onl! re+ (ns the KKt n# the K for n (++e#( te tt ck" $h(lst the Bl ck Rook $(ll soon get (nto effect(*e ct(on on the o)en Kn(ght's f(le" e.g. =. KFK'" KFR3Q >. KFR>" KtFKtOQ 5. KtFR;" KtxKtQ M. KxKt" KF K'" follo$e# b! the #oubl(ng of the Rooks on the Kt f(le. Cons(#er t(ons of s(+(l r n ture $oul# ten# to sho$ th t 3. BF Kt=" KtFK'Q '. BxKt" PxB (s (n f *our of Bl ck. The 0h(te KB" $h(ch (s so effect(*e (n t k(ng #* nt ge of $e knesses t Bl ck's KBO n# RO" h s been exch nge#. The Kueen's Kn(ght (s not * (l ble for tt ck on the KBP" s (t $oul# be exch nge# or else #r(*en off (n t(+e b! PFBO. Co+) re# $(th the )os(t(on cons(#ere# bo*e" $h(ch occurs fter 3. ... BFKO" '. KtFK=" Bl ck h s the further #* nt ge of + (nt (n(ng h(s KB" $h(ch + kes (t )oss(ble to )ush the $e k KBP on to h(s fourth" n# e(ther exch nge (t or )ush (t st(ll further to B=" useful n# secure )os(t(on. 9 tters $oul# be #(fferent $ere Bl ck to llo$ h(s K(ng's $(ng to be broken u) $(thout gett(ng r(# of 0h(te's # ngerous )(eces b! exch nges. %et us cons(#er $h t h ))ens" (f Bl ck t kes no +e sures g (nst KtFK=" but onl! )re*ents 0h(te's ult(+ te KFBO b! )(nn(ng the Kn(ght $(th BFKKt=. 0h(te g (ns #ec(s(*e #* nt ge b! br(ng(ng h(s Kueen (nto )l ! before Bl ck (s ble to secure h(+self g (nst the thre tene# co+b(ne# tt ck of K n# B" or ltern tel! K n# Kt b! KFR3" RFKt3FKtO. . $(ll g(*e t$o ex +)les of ho$ the $hole g +e no$ centres on the tt ck n# #efence of the )o(nts $e kene# b! the #(s ))e r nce of the KtP" n# ho$ 0h(te )ushes ho+e h(s #* nt ge (n the one (nst nce $(th the hel) of the B" (n the other b! the coFo)er t(on of the Kt. .. 3. BFKKt=" BFKKt=Q '. KtFK=" KtFK=Q O. KFK'" BxKtUQ ;. BxKt" PxBQ =. KFR>" n# there (s no re)l! to the thre t of KtxPch n# KxP + te" exce)t through the s cr(f(ce of the K. 1orc(ng the exch nge of Kn(ghts (s of no * (l" for fter =. ... KtFK5chQ >. KFR3" BxPchQ 5. KxB" KtFB=chQ M. KtxKt" PxKtQ 4. KFR3" 0h(te P ge 4O

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt occu)(es the Kt f(le f(rst n# $(ns e s(l!7 4. ... KFR3Q 3:. RF KKt3" RFKKt3Q 33. RxR" KxRQ 3'. RFKKt3 follo$e# b! + te or loss of the Kueen. ... O. KFK'" PFBOQ ;. KtxKtch" PxKtQ =. BFR;6 BxKtQ >. KF R>" KtFK5chQ 5. KFR3" BxPchQ M. KxB" KtFB=chQ 4. KFR3" KtFKtO. Bo$ Bl ck h s succee#e# (n (nterru)t(ng the 0h(te Kueen's ct(on on the BP. But (t h s t ken + n! +o*es" $(th the sole result th t Bl ck's Kueen's Kn(ght (s better )l ce#. All the other )(eces" ho$e*er" occu)! the )os(t(ons the! took u) (n the o)en(ng. The Bl ck Kn(ght" +oreo*er" (s onl! su))orte# b! the RP unt(l Bl ck + n ges to block the 0h(te B(sho)'s #( gon l b! PFK;. 9e n$h(le 0h(te h s g (ne# b(g st rt" n# (s re #! to occu)! the o)en f(le $(th h(s Rooks. The sePuel +(ght be7 3:. PFK;6" BxP H(f PxPQ 33. PFK=66" KPxPQ 3'. RFKKt3" etc.IQ 33. PFBO" BFKtOQ 3'. KRFK3" KFR3Q 3O. RFKKt3" KFK'Q 3;. RFKO" RFKKt3Q 3=. RFRO" RFKt' HKtxBQ 3>. KxRPch66IQ 3>. RFBO" follo$e# b! BxP HB>I. T k(ng (t ll (n ll" $e see fro+ the forego(ng th t the )(nn(ng of the Bl ck Kn(ght c n onl! be (njur(ous to Bl ck (f he #oes not t ke t(+el! +e sures to )ro*(#e g (nst 0h(te's KtFK=" $h(ch thre tens to concentr te +ore forces for the tt ck on KB> th n Bl ck (s ble to +ob(l(se for (ts #efence. Beg(nners" fter h *(ng ex)er(ence# frePuent trouble through the(r (n #ePu te #efence of th(s k(n# of tt ck" tr! to *o(# the(r recurrence b! + k(ng such )(nn(ng +o*es (+)oss(ble fro+ the f(rst n# )l !(ng PFRO on $h(che*er s(#e the )(n (s thre tene#. A) rt fro+ the loss of t(+e" on $h(ch . re+ rke# t length $hen #(scuss(ng the o)en(ng" such ) $n +o*es h *e * r(ous other #r $b cks. 0(th e*er! ) $n +o*e (t shoul# be cons(#ere# $hether the sPu res )rotecte# b! the ) $n before (t h s +o*e# + ! not nee# the su))ort of th t ) $n t l ter st ge. Th(s (s ) rt(cul rl! the c se $(th reg r# to sPu res (n front of the c stle# K(ng. .f one of those ) $ns )ushes on" the sPu res $h(ch h *e lost (ts )rotect(on frePuentl! offer n o)en(ng for #(rect tt ck b! the ene+!'s )(eces on the K(ng. A secon# cons(#er t(on (s the f ct th t the #* nc(ng ) $n (tself beco+es t rget for n ss ult (n $h(ch the o))onent" +o*(ng u) ) $n on the next f(le" br(ngs h(s Rooks (nto )l !" or (n $h(ch he s cr(f(ces )(ece for the #* nce# ) $n n# the one th t )rotects (t" thus robb(ng the K(ng of the )rotect(on he sought to obt (n (n c stl(ng. The follo$(ng ex +)les $(ll contr(bute +uch to the un#erst n#(ng of th(s +ost (+)ort nt subject" the gr s) of $h(ch $(ll +e n gre t ste) for$ r# for the stu#ent. The )os(t(on (n ,( gr + 4O (s fro+ g +e *. Sche*eFTe(ch+ nn HBerl(n" 34:5I. 0h(te )l !e# 3. PFRO (n or#er to *o(# the )(nn(ng of h(s Kn(ght through BFKt=. The +o*e (s not unjust(f(e#" s the Kn(ght (s rePu(re# for the su))ort of the sPu re t K;. The ) $n +o*e" ho$e*er" h s the #r $b cks enu+er te# bo*e" n# 0h(te +ust th(nk of kee)(ng suff(c(enc! of )(eces for the f(ght on the K(ng's $(ng" (n or#er to )re*ent Bl ck fro+ ut(l(s(ng the $e kness thus cre te# for co+b(ne# ss ult b! su)er(or forces. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S S &B S S &K S S &KtS &R S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS P ge 4;

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt 5 S &B S &P S &P S S &K S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S &P S S &KtS &P S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S LP S S S S &P S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S LB S LP S LP S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S LP S S S LKtS S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S S LP S S S S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S LKtS LB S LK S S LR S LK S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 4O .n th(s c se 0h(te #oes not t ke )rec ut(on r! +e sures" succu+bs (n sur)r(s(ngl! short t(+e. n#

3. ... KtFBOQ '. PxPU 0(th th(s +o*e 0h(te o)ens the #( gon l for Bl ck's KB for no )) rent re son. '. ... KKtxPQ O. KtxKtU .nste # of )ro*(#(ng for the #efence of h(s K(ng's $(ng" 0h(te exch nges one of the K(ng's s(#e )(eces" O. ... KxKtQ ;. KtFK'" BxP6 0h(te h s )ro*oke# th(s s cr(f(ce b! h(s l st t$o +o*es. The KBP (s )(nne#" n# the K enters b! $ ! of her Kt>" the )rotect(on of $h(ch $ s g(*en u) b! )ush(ng on the RP. The rest (s e s!Q =. PxB" KFKt>chQ >. KFR3" KxPchQ 5. KFKt3" KtFKt=Q M. KtFBO" KF Kt>chQ 4. KFR3" BxPQ 3:. res(gns. ,( gr + 4; sho$s )os(t(on fro+ g +e 9 rsh llFBurn H@sten#" 34:5I. Strong (n the kno$le#ge th t the Bl ck Kueen's s(#e )(eces re not #e*elo)e#" n# c n onl! $(th #(ff(cult! be of ss(st nce (n the #efence of the K(ng's s(#e bec use of the(r l(+(te# +ob(l(t!" 0h(te t kes #* nt ge of the $e kness cre te# b! the #* nce of the Bl ck KKt ) $n to h(s th(r#" n# (n(t( tes n (++e#( te ss ult on the K(ng's stronghol#. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S S &B S &K S S &R S &K S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S &P S &P S &KtS &P S &P S &B S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S S &P S S &KtS &P S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S LP S S LB S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S S LB S LP S LKtS S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S LP S LKtS S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S S S LK S LK S S S LR S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 4; 3. PFKR;" RFK3Q '. PFR=. Th(s forces o)en the Rook's f(le. .f the ) $n $ere st(ll t Kt'" Bl ck $oul# s(+)l! let 0h(te )ush on to R> n# then re)l! $(th PFKKtO. '. ... KtxPQ O. RxKt" 0h(te P ge 4=

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt conclu#es the g +e (n br(ll( nt st!le. Bl ck's $rong #e*elo)+ent h s g(*en $elco+e o))ortun(t! for s cr(f(c( l co+b(n t(ons. Bo$ the KB h s n o)en #( gon l" the ) $n )os(t(on (s broken" n# 0h(te's K n# R h *e no #(ff(cult! (n us(ng the Rook's f(le for #e #l! tt ck. O. ... PxRQ ;. BxPch" KxBQ =. KtFKt=ch" KFKtO H(f KFKt3" then >. KxP" KtFBOQ 5. KxPch" KFR3Q M. C stles" etc.IQ >. KKtFBO" PFK;Q 5. KtFR;ch" KFBOQ M. KtFR5ch" KFK'Q 4. KtFB=ch" KF KOQ 3:. KtxBch" KFK'Q 33. KtFB=ch" KFKOQ 3'. PFK=ch" KxKtQ 3O. KxPch" KFK=Q 3;. C stles" follo$e# b! PFBO or RFK; + te. .n c ses $here both s(#es h *e lre #! c stle# on the s +e $(ng" n# the o))onent h s $e kene# h(s )os(t(on b! )ush(ng on one of the ) $ns of th t $(ng" (t (s sel#o+ #*(s ble to st rt n tt ck $(th the #* nce of one of the ) $ns (n front of the K(ng" s the l tter's )os(t(on $oul# be $e kene#. An tt ck of th(s k(n# (s onl! just(f(e# (f there (s )ros)ect of concentr t(ng $(th ll s)ee# su)er(or force before the o))onent h s t(+e for counter tt ck. The Bl ck )os(t(on (n ,( gr + 4= (llustr tes one +uch f *oure# b! -n tur l- )l !ers. Here the #* nce of the FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S S S &K S S &R S &K S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S &B S &P S &P S &KtS &P S &B S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S &P S &KtS S &P S S &P S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S S LP S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S LP S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S LKtS LB S LB S LKtS S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S LP S S S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S S S LK S S LR S LK S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 4= KRP $oul# not be su(t ble )l n of tt ck for 0h(te s h(s Rook (s no longer on the Rook's f(le" nor coul# (t be brought b ck (n t(+e. .n th(s c se 0h(te +ust en#e *our to t ke #* nt ge of the $e knesses t Bl ck's KBO n# KRO" )ro#uce# b! h(s +o*e PFKKtO. Th(s $(ll be the +o#us o)er n#(7 KFK' follo$e# b! BFR>" forc(ng the exch nge of Bl ck's * lu ble KB. After th t the K (n conjunct(on $(th one of the Kn(ghts $(ll tte+)t to force n entr! t KB> or KR>" s for (nst nce (n the follo$(ng" the +o*es of $h(ch re t ken fro+ g +e . once $ tche# n# took note of s be(ng +ost (nstruct(*e. 3. KFK'" PFKOQ '. BFKR>" PxPQ O. BxB" KxBQ ;. PxP" KFK'Q =. KtF K;" KtFK;Q >. BFB;" KRFK3Q 5. BxKt" PxBQ M. KtFB>" KFKOQ 4. KF Kt=" BFB3 Hto )re*ent KtFKt;IQ 3:. KRFK3" KFB;Q 33. KFR;" PFKROQ 3'. KtFK;" KtxKtQ 3O. KxKt" PFB;Q 3;. KFK'" PFK=Q 3=. PFKB;" PF B=Q 3>. PFKKt;" KFKOQ 35. PFB=" KFBOQ 3M. RFK;" BFKt'Q 34. RFBO6" KFB;Q ':. KxPch" KxKQ '3. RFROch" follo$e# b! RFR5 or KtFR5 + te. A so+e$h t +ore #(ff(cult c se (s sho$n (n ,( gr + 4>. P ge 4>

M 5 > = ; O ' 3

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF S &R S &KtS S S &KtS &R S &K S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S S &B S &K S S S &P S S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S &P S S S &P S S &B S &P S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S S &P S &P S LP S &P S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S S S S S LP S S LP S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S S S LP S S LB S LKtS S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S LP S LP S LB S S S LP S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S LR S S S LK S LR S LKtS LK S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 4>

Here the #* nce of the 0h(te K(ng's s(#e ) $ns h s un#en( bl! )ro#uce# $e knesses (n the ) $n skeleton" n# these $oul# be f t l h # the Bl ck )(eces s +uch +ob(l(t! s the 0h(te ones. But the congest(on of Bl ck's )(eces on the Kueen's s(#e + kes h(s #efence un$(el#!" n# 0h(te h s no #(ff(cult! (n ccu+ul t(ng h(s forces on the K(ng's s(#e for the f(n l ss ult. The )ros)ects re th t 0h(te $(ll be ble to br(ng ho+e h(s tt ck" before Bl ck h s ch nce of forc(ng exch nges n# of br(ng(ng bout the en#Fg +e" $h(ch through the $e kness of the 0h(te ) $ns $oul# )rob bl! turn to h(s #* nt ge. The )l ! HE. CohnFE#. % sker + tch" Berl(n" 34:4I (s (nstruct(*e" n# sho$s ho$ the tt ck shoul# be con#ucte# (n such )os(t(ons. 3. KtFKtO" BFKt'Q '. KFR'" PFBOQ O. RFKKt3" KtFK'Q ;. KtFR;" KFB'. The concentr t(on of the 0h(te )(eces h s beco+e l r+(ng" n# thre tens to be cont(nue# b! KFK'" RFKt'. KRFKKt3" n# KtFB=. So the Bl ck K(ng #ec(#es on fl(ght" but he f(n#s no )e ce on the K s(#e e(ther" bec use there h(s #* nce# ) $ns soon llo$ 0h(te to + ke bre ch (n the Bl ck )os(t(on. =. KtFKt'" KFK'Q >. KFK'" KtFKtOQ 5. KRFKB3" BFB3. .t (s Bl ck's (ntent(on to )l ! PFB; s soon s )r ct(c ble" n# to + ke n tte+)t t counter #e+onstr t(on on the K(ng's s(#e" M. PFK B;" KFK3U HBl ck shoul# h *e ke)t to h(s or(g(n l (ntent(on n# )l !e# PFB;IQ 4. PxP" KPxPQ 3:. KFB'" KtFK'Q 33. PFKR;Q BFKt'Q 3'. PxP" PxPQ 3O. RxR" BxR. Bo$ 0h(te h s ch(e*e# $h t he set out to #o. He h s o)ene# u) *enues of tt ck on the Kueen's s(#e" n# (s re #! to ut(l(se the $e kness of Bl ck's KBP b! )l !(ng PFKt;" on $h(ch Bl ck +ust sub+(t to o)en(ng the f(le for the 0h(te KR or the #( gon l for the 0h(te KB. .n e(ther c se 0h(te br(ngs * stl! su)er(or forces to be r on the Bl ck K(ng's )os(t(on" n# Bl ck shoul# lose. .n th(s g +e Bl ck esc )e# onl! through +(st ke on the ) rt of h(s o))onent. .n the forego(ng )os(t(ons (t $ s seen ho$ f t l $e knesses c n be" $h(ch re )ro#uce# b! the )re+ ture #* nce of the ) $ns (n front of the K(ng" on $ho+ the o))os(ng )(eces c n force the(r tt ck. 0hen the ) $ns concerne# re on the o))os(te $(ng to the(r K(ng" the #(s #* nt ges of )re+ ture #* nce re felt (n #(fferent $ !. The $e kness concerns the ) $ns the+sel*es n# not the forces beh(n# the+" n# (s )t to c use the loss of the en#Fg +e" ) rt(cul rl! of Rook en#Fg +es. %et us co+) re the )os(t(ons (n ,( gr +s 45 P ge 45

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S S &B S &K S S &R S &K S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S &P S &P S S&Kt S &P S S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S S &P S S &P S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S LB S S S &P S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S &B S S S LP S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S SLKt S LP S SLKt S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S LP S S S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S S S LK S S LR S LK S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 45

n# 4M. .n the one c se the ch (n of Bl ck ) $ns (s broken b! the bsence of K Kt P" (n the other of the K Kt P. The bsence of the KKt ) $n c n le # to ser(ous consePuences (n the +(##le g +e" bec use of the $e kness of Bl ck's KBO n# KRO Hco+) re ,( gr + 4:IQ (t c n" ho$e*er" h r#l! beco+e $k$ r# (n the en#Fg +e" s the ) $ns on the B n# R f(les re $(th(n the )rotect(ng re ch of the(r K(ng. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S S S &K S S &R S &K S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S S &P S &B S &B S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S &P S &P S S&Kt S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S SLKt S LP S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S SLKt S LK S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S LP S S S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S S LB S S S LR S LK S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 4M

@n the other h n#" the bsence of the K Kt P (s of no consePuence for the +(##le g +e. There (s noth(ng beh(n# (t $h(ch coul# (n*(te n tt ck. The KRP n# KBP" ho$e*er" re *er! $e k for the en#Fg +e" s the! re Pu(te out of re ch of the K(ng Hco+) re G +e Bo. 34I. . #o not $(sh to (+)l! th t Bl ck shoul# h *e *o(#e# the exch nge t h(s KBO t ll costQ such n exch nge h s l$ !s the co+)ens t(ng #* nt ge of o)en(ng f(le for the Rooks" $h(ch #* nt ge often +e ns f *our ble +(##le g +e" s $(ll be re #(l! un#erstoo#. 1urther" (t (s often )oss(ble to get r(# of the $e k KRP b! )ush(ng (t on" n# e*entu ll! co+)ell(ng the exch nge of the o))os(ng Kt P" n exch nge $h(ch c n usu ll! P ge 4M

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt be enforce# (f the Rooks h *e occu)(e# the o)en Kt f(le. The ) $n (tself (s often useful t B O" (n th t (t c n su))ort the #* nce of PFK ; (n the centre" shoul# (t be #es(re#" or (t c n" b! )ush(ng on" be brought to exerc(se further )ressure on the o))os(ng Kt P. The bre kFu) of the ) $n )os(t(on on the K s(#e c n beco+e $k$ r# (n the en#Fg +e n# so+et(+es (n the +(##leFg +e $hen the ) $ns c n be tt cke#" n# )(eces brought to be r on the Kueen's s(#e $(thout le *(ng the K(ng's s(#e #enu#e# of forces. Th(s $(ll be (llustr te# b! the )os(t(on (n ,( gr + 44. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S S &B S S S &R S &K S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S S &P S S S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S &P S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S S S S LB S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S S LP S S S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S S S S S LR S LK S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 44 1R@9 A GA9E 1R. %AVAR,FE,. %ASKER HPAR.S" 343;I Here the ) $n )os(t(ons on both s(#es re broken" n# the )l !er th t occu)(es the o)en f(les f(rst" gets #ec(s(*e #* nt ge. .n th(s c se (t (s Bl ck's +o*e. 0e c n conclu#e t once th t 0h(te h s )l !e# the o)en(ng b #l!. He +ust h *e lost t$o +o*es" for he h s st(ll to c )ture the BP n# then" be(ng 0h(te" (t shoul# be h(s +o*e. Th(s #(s #* nt ge" s+ ll s (t + ! see+" $(th $h(ch 0h(te h s e+erge# fro+ the o)en(ng" (s suff(c(ent to br(ng h(+ (nto the gre test #(ff(cult(es. Bl ck" of course" #oes not #efen# the ) $n b! BFKt' or BFK'" s th(s $oul# )r ct(c ll! re#uce the B to P n#" +oreo*er" 0h(te" b! RFKt3 or K3" $oul# both tt ck the B n# obt (n n o)en f(le. .nste # of th t" Bl ck ut(l(ses the t$o +o*es" $h(ch he h s" s (t $ere" s g(ft (n n other$(se ePu l(se# )os(t(on" to br(ng both Rooks on the Kt f(le. Th(s )ol(c! llo$s Bl ck to occu)! the se*enth or e(ghth r nk t $(ll" n# to tt ck the 0h(te ) $ns fro+ the fl nk or re r" ccor#(ng to c(rcu+st nces. Th(s +en ce h +)ers the r #(us of ct(on of the 0h(te )(eces" s the! +ust l$ !s be re #! for the #efence of the thre tene# ) $ns" n# th(s g(*es Bl ck b! f r the su)er(or g +e. The )l ! $ s cont(nue# s follo$s7 3. ... RFKt3Q '. BxP" RFKt5Q O. BFK;" BFKOQ ;. PFKRO" KRFKt3. The Kn(ght's f(le (s no$ #ef(n(tel! (n Bl ck's h n#s. 0h(te coul# occu)! the Kueen's f(le" but the Bl ck B t KO" $h(ch )re*ents the entr! of the Rooks t K5" + kes the o)er t(on (+less. Therefore 0h(te (s con#e+ne# to (n ct(*(t!. @n the contr r!" Bl ck's l(ne of ct(on (s cle r. H(s entr! on the se*enth c n onl! ch(e*e so+eth(ng (f 0h(te's KBP P ge 44

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt c n be #e)r(*e# of (ts su))ort. To #o th(s Bl ck h s onl! to )l ! PFKB;FB= n# PFKB;. Th(s" of course" $e kens Bl ck's KB" n# the 0h(te Rooks +(ght obt (n n entr! on the K f(le. Therefore Bl ck $(ll effect t(+el! exch nge of one of h(s Rooks" fter $h(ch h(s K(ng lone $(ll hol# the K f(le. These cons(#er t(ons + ke the follo$(ng +o*es cle r7 =. KRFK3" PFKB;Q >. PFKRO" further $k$ r# necess(t! (n )os(t(ons of th(s k(n#. Before the Rook c n *enture out" loo)hole +ust be )ro*(#e# for the K(ng. >. ... PFB=Q 5. RFKO" RFKtMchQ M. RxR" RxRchQ 4. KFR'" PFB;Q 3:. BFBO" KFB'Q 33. BFK' Hthre ten(ng RFKBOI" RFKt'Q 3'. RFKBO" KFBO Hno$ BxP (s not fe s(ble on ccount of RFKB'IQ 3O. PFB;. 0h(te $(shes to kee) the Bl ck K(ng fro+ h(s K= but c nnot #o so )er+ nentl!. Bl ck" ho$e*er" c n occu)! the K f(le $(th h(s Rook" n# conf(ne the 0h(te K(ng to h(s $(ng. 3O. ... RFK'Q 3;. KFKtOI RFK=Q 3=. KFBO" KFK'Q 3>. RFKO" KFKOQ 35. KFKtO" RFK5Q 3M. PFBO" BFB'. RFR5 $oul# be +(st ke on ccount of RxBch" but the KRP c nnot esc )e. 34. PFKR;" PFKtOQ ':. BFBO" RFR5Q '3. BFK3" BFK;Q ''. RFK'" RFRMQ 'O. RFK'" RFR>Q ';. RFKB'" RxRP. Bo$ t l st Bl ck h s obt (ne# + ter( l g (n" $h(ch $ s + #e )oss(ble b! h(s co++ n# of the o)en Kt f(le. To con*ert (t (nto $(n b! Pueen(ng the extr ) $n (s onl! + tter of t(+e. 0e h *e no$ seen ho$ the )ossess(on of o)en f(les re cts on the +ob(l(t! of the o))os(ng forces" fore*er (ncre s(ng the(r #(ff(cult(es unt(l the )os(t(on l #* nt ge (s con*erte# (nto + ter( l g (n. 0e sh ll +eet $(th c ses l ter on (n $h(ch the gre ter +ob(l(t! of +(nor )(eces ch(e*es the s +e result n# f(n# +ore n# +ore )roofs of the truth of the + (n gener l )r(nc()les $h(ch . (ntro#uce# t the outset. %et us no$ rec )(tul te the ch(ef )o(nts touche# u)on (n the course of our #el(ber t(ons7 3. Gener ll! s)e k(ng" tt cks shoul# onl! be #(recte# to objects $h(ch c nnot be +o*e# $ !. '. .f (n ) rt(cul r c ses the tt ck (s (+e# t #r(*(ng off n o))os(ng )(ece fro+ n es)ec( ll! f *our ble )ost th t tt ck (s un$(se" (f (t (n*ol*es the $e ken(ng the ) $n )os(t(on" or (f )(eces h *e to t ke u) (nfer(or )os(t(ons (n or#er to effect the(r )ur)ose. O. P $n +o*es l$ !s cre te $e knesses" e(ther b! le *(ng other unsu))orte# ) $ns beh(n#" or b! g(*(ng o))os(ng )(eces ccess to sPu res for+erl! gu r#e# b! the+" n# th(s +ore s)ec( ll! so (n front of the c stle# K(ng. ;. Att cks $h(ch #e)en# on ) $n +o*es re onl! just(f(e# (f o*er$hel+(ng forces c n be ccu+ul te# (n su))ort" s the #* nce# ) $ns +(ght beco+e the object of counter tt ck. =. As ) $n +o*es h *e *er! gener ll! so+e #r $b cks" the +(##le g +e (s the )(eces' o$n hunt(ng groun#. As (n the o)en(ng" the f(rst cons(#er t(on of soun# )l ! (n the +(##le g +e (s to + ke onl! such +o*es s #o not re#uce the +ob(l(t! of the )(eces. As (llustr t(*e of such + noeu*res . sh ll no$ g(*e ex +)les fro+ ctu l + ster )l !. .n +! nnot t(ons of these g +es . h *e tr(e# to kee) before the stu#ent's +(n# const ntl! the + (n (#e s un#erl!(ng the #(fferent co+b(n t(ons $h(ch s)r(ng fro+ gener l str teg(c l )r(nc()les. . thus *o(# bur#en(ng h(s +e+or! $(th P ge 3::

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt + ss of #et (l" n# br(ng (nto )ro+(nence the b s(c )r(nc()le of e ch l(ne of )l !" thereb! #e*elo)(ng h(s c ) c(t! for con#uct(ng +(##le g +e" e*en fter n unusu l o)en(ng. . h *e f(xe# + (nl! u)on such g +es s re (llustr t(*e of the o)en(ngs tre te# (n the f(rst ) rt of th(s book. .n +ost c ses the f(rst +o*es $(ll" therefore" not nee# n! s)ec( l re+ rks. The en#Fg +es" be(ng t!)(c l ex +)les" $(ll onl! nee# reference to the ch )ters (n $h(ch the! h *e been res)ect(*el! #e lt $(th.

PART .. .%%ASTRAT.2E GA9ES 1R@9 9ASTER T@ARBA9EBTS

GA9E Bo. 3 0h(te7 T rt ko$er. Bl ck7 Burn.

K(ng's G +b(t #ecl(ne# Hco+) re ). O:I. 3. '. O. ;. PFK; PFKB; KtFKBO PxP PFK; BFB; PFKO

@n )r(nc()le th(s exch nge c nnot be co++en#e#" s the o)en(ng of the Kueen's f(le (ncre ses the Bl ck Kueen's +ob(l(t!. 0h(te #er(*es no benef(t fro+ the KB f(le so long s the Bl ck B(sho) + kes c stl(ng (+)oss(ble. 0h(te (nten#s to )l ! PFBO n# PFK;" but the + noeu*re (s #oubtful" n# the $hole o)en(ng (nclu#es n (nor#(n tel! l rge nu+ber of ) $n +o*es. .n the )resent g +e Bl ck ex)oses the f (l(ngs (nherent to th(s s!ste+ unePu(*oc ll!. ;. ... =. PFBO PxP KtFKBO

Bl ck c nnot )ut off 0h(te's PFK; b! BFKKt=" for 0h(te c n g(*e check $(th the Kueen n# un)(n the Kn(ght. >. PFKKt; The object of th(s +o*e (s not cle r" s PFKt= #oes not $(n ) $n HKtFR;Q M. KtxPQ 4. KFR=chI. .t #oes not )ro+ote #e*elo)+ent e(ther" n# onl! co+)ro+(ses the KBP n# KKtP. >. ... 5. BFKt= BFKtO KtFBO

Th(s (s (+e# t the 0h(te K(ng's ) $n" $h(ch (s #e)r(*e# of (ts n tur l su))ort b! the KKt. .n th(s )os(t(on Bl ck #oes $ell to tt ck 0h(te's KP r ther th n to #efen# h(s o$n" bec use n o)en K(ng's f(le c n onl! benef(t h(+. Be(ng ble to c stle" he c n occu)! the f(le $(th h(s Rook before 0h(te h s t(+e to br(ng h(s K(ng (nto s fet!. M. KtxP .t $oul# h *e been better to )rotect the ) $n b! KFK' or PFKO. P ge 3:3

M.

...

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt C stles6

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S S &B S &K S S &R S &K S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S &P S &P S S S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S &B S&Kt S S S&Kt S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S LB S S S LKtS S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S LP S S S LP S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S LP S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S S S LP S S S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S LKtS LB S LK S LK S S S LR S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 3::

The beg(nn(ng of br(ll( nt tt ck. 0hether 0h(te exch nges the B(sho) or the Kn(ght" he (s o*er$hel+e#. 4. KtxKt After 4. BxKt" PxBQ 3:. KtxP" KFK3 $(nsQ 3:. PFK; $oul# lso lose bec use Bl ck g (ns t$o ) $ns fter KtxPQ 33. @F@" KtxP. .t (s (nterest(ng to note ho$ s)ee#(l! the $e kness t 0h(te's KBO (s brought to book. 4. ... 3:. BxP PxKt KtxP66

Bo$ 0h(te c n ne(ther t ke the Kt nor the R. .n the f(rst c se KF R=ch forces + te *er! soon" (n the secon# BFB5ch" follo$e# b! BF Kt=ch or BFROch" $(ns the Kueen. 33. 3'. 3O. 3;. 3=. PFK; BxKt KFK' KFBO PFKtO KFBO6 KFR=ch KxB KFR=6

Bot KxR" bec use of KFB5ch n# the loss of the Kueen b! #(sco*ere# check b! the B(sho). 3>. KFKO 35. RFK3 3M. KFB' KFKt;ch KFK; BFKt= PFKR; #* nces.

Such (s the )r(ce to ) ! for )re+ ture 34. PxP ':. BFRO RxP PFKB;

Bl ck sh tters 0h(te's ) $n )os(t(on" n# h(s B(sho)s h *e full )l ! long o)en f(les n# #( gon ls. P ge 3:'

n# Rooks

'3. PxP ''. KtxR

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt RxB6

or PxB" RxRPchQ 'O. RxR"KxRchQ ';. KFBl"BFB;. ''. ... The rest s)e ks for (tself. 'O. ';. '=. '>. '5. 'M. '4. O:. KFK= KFKt' KFB3 KFK' KFKO KFB' KFKt3 KFKtMch Res(gns. GA9E Bo. ' 0h(te7 %eonh r#t. Bl ck7 9 rsh ll. 1 lkbeer Counter G +b(t Hco+) re ). O=I. 3. '. O. ;. =. >. PFK; PFKB; PxKP PFKO KxP KtFKBO PFK; PFK; PFK= PxP KtFKBO BFB;ch KFKt'ch BxKtch RFK3ch RFK>ch KFB>ch RFK5 BFKB3 BxP

.t $oul# be Pu(te b # to )l ! PFB; n# tr! to hol# the extr ) $n t the ex)ense of #e*elo)+ent. Bl ck $oul# *er! soon occu)! the K(ng's f(le $(th h(s Rook n# there $oul# be no t(+e for 0h(te to br(ng h(s K(ng (nto s fet!" e.g. >. PFB;" BFKB;Q 5. KtFKBO" C stlesQ M. BFK'" RFK3" n# lre #! no$ there re thre ts of KtF K= or KtFKt= follo$e# b! BFB5ch or KtFB5. >. ... 5. BFK' BFKB;

0h(te $oul# of course l(ke to cont(nue $(th BFKO (n or#er to + ke f(ght for the )ossess(on of the #( gon l. He $oul#" ho$e*er" lose h(s ch nce of c stl(ng through Bl ck's KFK'. Th(s (s #etr(+ent l (n ll such c ses $here the l(nes (n the centre re o)en or l(kel! to be force# o)en t n! t(+e. 5. M. 4. 3:. 33. ... C stles BFK' BFBO BFKOU C stles KKtFK' KtFKtO BFKKt=

0h(te h s not !et co+)lete# h(s #e*elo)+ent" n# h(s f(rst c re shoul# be to br(ng out h(s KKt. Th(s he coul# h *e #one $(thout #(ff(cult!" thus7 33. BxB" KtxBQ 3'. KtFRO. After the +o*e (n the text" Bl ck not onl! occu)(es the K(ng's f(le but g (ns +o*e (n so #o(ng. 33. ... 3'. KxB BxBch RFK3 P ge 3:O

3O. KFK;

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt KFKO

Bl ck's course (s ob*(ousQ he +ust $(n the KP. The forces $(ll then be ePu l (n + ter( l" but there $(ll re+ (n FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S S S S &R S S &K S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S &P S &P S S S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S &KtS S &K S S &KtS S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S LP S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S LK S S LP S &B S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S LKtS S S LB S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S LP S S S S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S LK S LR S S S LKtS LR S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 3:3. fl $ (n 0h(te's )os(t(on" n +el! the ex)ose# KBP" (n the en#(ng. 3;. PFKRO Bo$ the sPu re t KKtO (s un)rotecte#" n# th(s (s ser(ous (n *(e$ of )rob ble Kn(ght's en#(ng" $here" +oreo*er" (t $(ll sooner or l ter be necess r! to )l ! PFKKtO (n or#er to su))ort the KBP. Both the KKtP n# KBP $oul# be $e k" $(th the K(ng on the other $(ng" n# be un#er const nt thre t of be(ng c )ture#. The g +e #oes )rocee# s (n#(c te#" n# the s(+)le n# log(c l + nner (n $h(ch 9 rsh ll br(ngs ho+e h(s #* nt ge (n *er! short t(+e sho$s con*(nc(ngl! ho$ f t l sh ttere# ) $n )os(t(on c n be for the en#Fg +e. .nste # of the +o*e (n the text" 0h(te shoul# h *e )l !e# BxB follo$e# b! KtFBO" $h(ch $oul# h *e co+)lete# h(s #e*elo)+ent $(thout + k(ng nother ) $n +o*e. 3;. 3=. 3>. 35. 3M. 34. ... KtxB KRFK. RxR KtxKt PFKKtO BxB KRFK3 RxR KKtxP KtxKt PFKRO se the +o*e (s correct" to h(s r nk. .t (s re fon# of #o(ng" s sho$n th t there $(ll Rook en#(ng. n# th(s tells

+ k(ng loo)hole for the K(ng. .n th(s c s the thre t of + te t(es the Bl ck Rook $rong to + ke loo)hole" s $e k )l !ers e rl! s )oss(ble -(n c se"- before (t (s be nee# for (t" or th t there $(ll be ':. PFRO

0h(te (s fr (# of )l !(ng ':. KxP on ccount of KtFKt=" $h(ch thre tens KtxBP follo$e# b! KFKBO. '3. KxP $oul# not be suff(c(ent #efence bec use of KFB; thre ten(ng + te" n# on the other h n# '3. KFR; $oul# conjure u) # ngerous tt ck" beg(nn(ng $(th PFKKt;. 0hen the )l !ers c stle on #(fferent P ge 3:;

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt $(ngs" there (s l$ !s the # nger of the o))onent s cr(f(c(ng ) $ns n# o)en(ng u) f(les for h(s Rooks n# K g (nst the c stle# K(ng. The g +e then ssu+es $(l# ch r cter" n# s + tters re gener ll! settle# one $ ! or nother (n the +(##leF g +e" en#Fg +e cons(#er t(ons" both $(th reg r# to nu+ber n# )os(t(on of ) $ns" c n be #(sreg r#e#. Ex)er(ence h s sho$n th t the )l !er $ho #e*elo)s h(s tt ck f(rst (s l(kel! to $(n" n# th t (t (s of l(ttle use to sub+(t t +el! to n ss ult of th(s k(n# $(thout tte+)t(ng counter tt ck. Such g +es re *er! #(ff(cult for the beg(nner to un#erst n#. There (s bout the+ so+eth(ng *(olent n# #(ff(cult to est(+ te" n# !e rs of )r ct(ce re necess r! (n or#er to g (n the ju#g+ent rePu(re# for $e(gh(ng u) the )oss(b(l(t(es of tt ck n# counter tt ck" $here the K(ngs h *e c stle# on o))os(te $(ngs. ':. '3. ''. 'O. ';. '=. ... RFK3 KxK RxR KtFK; KtFK' PFRO KtFBO RxK PxR KtFK= KFB3

The Bl ck K(ng no$ )ushes for$ r# (rres(st(bl!" n# tt cks the $e kene# ) $ns on the K(ng's $(ng. The 0h(te K(ng c nnot get n! ne rer" s check b! the Bl ck Kt $oul# $(n ) $n t once. The en# (s e s!. '>. '5. 'M. '4. O:. Bo$ the P PFBO KFB' PFKtO KtFK;ch PFKR; KFK' KFKO KtFB5 KFBO PFKR; n# therefore lost.

t KtO (s -b ck$ r#O3. O'. OO. O;. O=. O>. PFB; KtFK' KFKO KFBO PFKt; KFK; Res(gns.

KtFK= KFB; KtFB5ch KFKt= KtFK=ch KtxP

GA9E Bo. O 0h(te7 S)(el+ nn. Bl ck7 Prokes. 2(enn 3. '. O. ;. =. G +e Hco+) re ). O=I. PFK; KtFKBO PFB; PxKP KFBO PFK; KtFKBO PFK; KtxP

.t (s contr r! to the )r(nc()les go*ern(ng soun# )l ! to br(ng out the Kueen e rl! (n the g +e. The o))onent frePuentl! h s n o))ortun(t! of g (n(ng +o*e b! #r(*(ng off the Kueen" #e*elo)(ng +(nor )(ece t the s +e t(+e. .n the )resent c se Bl ck +(ght h *e g (ne# the #* nt ge (n the follo$(ng $ !7 =. ... K KtFBO. Bo$ (f7 > KtxKt then KtFK=6Q 5 KFKOU" PxKtQ M KxPU" P ge 3:=

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt BFKB;. .f" ho$e*er" > BFKt=" Bl ck obt (ns the better g +e b! )l !(ng >. ... KtxKtQ 5 KtPxKt" KFR=chQ M PFKtO" KFK=chQ 4 KxK" PxKQ 3: BxKtch" PxB" $(th t$o B(sho)s on o)en #( gon ls. There (s no h r+ (n the #ouble# ) $n" s 0h(te c nnot tt ck (t. Bl ck's (++e#( te thre t (s BFRO or KB;" $h(ch exerts )ressure t K>" n# 0h(te $(ll f(n# (t #(ff(cult to #* nce h(s KP. =. ... PFKB;

Th(s +o*e (s o)en to #(scuss(on" s the Kt $h(ch (t +e ns to su))ort c n be #r(*en $ ! b! PFKO. @n the other h n#" (f 0h(te #oes )l ! h(s KP to KO" Bl ck c n )re*ent (ts further #* nce b! PFK=" fter $h(ch the 0h(te KP (s (nsecure n# the KB so+e$h t shut (n. >. PFKO 5. PxKt M. KFB'6 KtxKt PFK=

0h(te offers h(s KBP (n or#er to be ble to strengthen h(s centre b! PFK;" n# to free h(s )(eces. To )rotect h(s KBP $oul# be (nfer(or" e.g. M KtFK'" KtFBO or M BFKt'U" PxPQ 4 BxP" BFKt=6Q 3: BxB" KxR=chQ 33 KFB'" KxBchQ 3' KFK'" KFK=. M. ... PxPU

.t $oul# h *e been better" of course" to cont(nue #e*elo)(ng $(th KtFBO" $h(ch t the s +e t(+e + (nt (ns the )ressure on K=. 4. PFK; 3:. KtFRO BFKO

.nten#(ng KtFB; $(th *(e$ to exch ng(ng the B(sho). After th t" Bl ck's )os(t(on on 0h(te sPu res (s $e k s)ec( ll! on the #( gon l KR5" KKt3" $h(ch $ s o)ene# b! Bl ck's f(fth +o*e" n# on $h(ch the 0h(te B(sho) c n soon o)er te. The g +e (s (nstruct(*e (n sho$(ng the #e*elo)+ent of th t (#e . 3:. 33. 3'. 3O. ... KtFB; KtxB BFKO BFK' KFK' KxKt PFKKtO n# BFB;.

Bl ck c nnot )re*ent 0h(te's thre t of KFK' 3;. KFK' KFK;

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S&Kt S S S &K S S S &R S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S&P S &P S S &B S S S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S S S S S &P S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S &K S LP S &P S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S LP S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S &P S LB S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S S LP S S LK S S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S S LB S S LK S S S LR S P ge 3:>

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 3=. C stles Bl ck (s obl(g(ng. The f *our ble for 0h(te" co+b(ne# tt ck. .nste $(th KtFBO n# C stles s *(ng the g +e. 3>. BFKO 3:'. KxKPch o)en(ng of f(les (n the centre (s s he c n + ke use of h(s Rooks (n the # of the +o*e (n the text" #e*elo)+ent KR $ s the l st" though slen#er" ch nce of KFK;

.f KxP" KFB' follo$e# b! BFK;" BFK;" KRFK3 n# KRFK3. Bl ck h s no suff(c(ent +e ns of #efence to o))ose th(s + ss(ng of forces. 35. KRFK3 3M. BxBP The en# (s s$(ft" 3M. 34. ':. '3. KFR;

n# e s! to un#erst n#. RFB3 PxB RFB' Res(gns.

... KFKt; KFR=ch PFK>

GA9E B@. ; 0h(te7 T rr sch. Bl ck7 C ) bl nc . G(uoco P( no 3. '. O. ;. PFK; KtFKBO BFB; PFBO PFK; KtFKBO BFB;

The beg(nn(ng of (nterest(ng o)er t(ons (n the centre. The ste #! #e*elo)+ent $(th7 ;. PFKO" PFKOQ =. KtFBO" KtFBOQ >. BFKKt=" BFKO or C stles ten#s to #r $ fro+ the *er! f(rst" n# (s thought #ull. ;. ... KtFBO

Bl ck c n *o(# the exch nge of ) $ns" $h(ch 0h(te tr(es to br(ng bout fter PFK;" b! )l !(ng h(s Kueen to K'. Th(s co*ers h(s KP secon# t(+e" n# 0h(te's PFK; c n be ns$ere# $(th BFKtO. 0h(te's KBP then obstructs the Kt's n tur l #e*elo)+ent. .n g +e *on Sche$eFTe(ch+ nn HBerl(n" 34:5I the )os(t(on #(scusse# on ). 335 $ s re che# fter the follo$(ng +o*es7 =. C stles" PF KOQ >. PFK;" BFKtOQ 5. PFKR;" PFKROQ M. PFR=" BFR'. =. PFK; >. PxP PxP BFKt=ch

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S S &B S &K S &K S S S &R S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S &P S &P S &P S S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS P ge 3:5

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt > S S S &KtS S S &KtS S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S &B S LB S LP S LP S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S S S S LKtS S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S S S S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S LKtS LB S LK S LK S S S LR S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 3:O 5. BFK' The ) $n s cr(f(ce b! 5. KtFBO" KtxKPQ M. C stles6 (s +uch +ore (nterest(ng n# +ore (n kee)(ng $(th the s)(r(t of the o)en(ng. <1ootnote7 The follo$(ng t$o short g +es $(ll g(*e n (#e of the * r(ous l(nes of tt ck $h(ch re to be foun# (n th(s o)en(ng7 . Ho$ellF9(chell Hc ble + tch" Engl n#FFA+er(c " 34:5I7 M. ... BxKtQ 4. PFK= H9oller tt ckI" BFBOQ 3:. RFK3" KtFK'Q 33. RxKt" PFKOQ 3'. BFKt=" BxBQ 3O. KtxB" BFB; Hthe onl! ch nce of #r $ $oul# be th(s7 C stlesQ 3;. KtxRP" KxKtQ 3=. KR=ch" KFKt3Q 3>. RF R;" PFKB;6Q 35. BFK'" KtFKtO6Q 3M. KFR5ch" KFB'Q 34. RFR>" KtFB=Q ':. BFR=ch" KtxBQ '3. KFKt> $(th )er)etu l checkIQ 3;. KFBO"KFK' HBxRQ 3=. KxPch follo$e# b! KFK>ch n# KxBIQ 3=. BFKt=6" KxBQ 3>. KxB" PFKBOQ 35. KRFK3" PxKtQ 3M. RxKtch n# + te (n fe$ +o*es. b. G *. Y" f(rst 3: +o*es s before7 33. RxKt" C stlesQ 3'. PFK>" PxP 3O. BFKKt=" KtFB;Q 3;. KFK=6" BxBQ 3=. KtxB" KtFRO HKxKtQ 3>. KxPchIQ 3>. K RFK3" res(gns.? 0h(te obt (ns Pu(ck #e*elo)+ent n# )re*ents Bl ck fro+ free(ng h(s g +e b! )l !(ng PFK;. After M. ... BxKtQ 4. PFK= follo$s H9oller tt ckI" n# fter 4. ... BF BO" 0h(te $(ns b ck h(s )(ece b! RFK3 H3:. PxKt $oul# not be goo#" s Bl ck coul# free h(s g +e b! KtPxP n# PFK;I. @n the other h n#" fter M. ... KtxKtQ PxKt" 0h(te (n ##(t(on g (ns +o*e" s BxP (s countere# b! KFKtO. As )l !e# here" Bl ck succee#s (n )l !(ng PFK;" n# the g +e (s e*en. .n#ee# the (sol te# KP (s $e kness (n the 0h(te )os(t(on. 5. M. 4. 3:. 33. 3'. ... KKtxB PxP KFKtO C stles KR KRFK3 BxBch PFK;6 KKtxP KKtFK' C stles PFKBO

Bo$ the Kn(ght (s securel! )oste# (n the centre" n# Bl ck c n ccu+ul te forces for the tt ck on the 0h(te KP" )oss(bl! b! KF KtO" RFK3 n# KtFB;. 3O. PFKR; (n or#er to #r(*e the Kueen fro+ her KtO" but th(s #* nce (s -threeFe#ge#"- s 9 ster Gregor! $oul# s !" n# the ) $n (s sure to )ro*e $e k (n the en#Fg +e. 3O. ... KFKtO P ge 3:M

3;. KFRO 3=. PFR= 3>. KtFK;

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt BFKO KFB'

KtFKKt= $oul# see+ to be stronger here. BFB; $oul# then be ns$ere# b! 35. BFKO. After BxB" 3M. KxB" 0h(te obt (ns o))ortun(t(es for K(ng's s(#e tt ck" (n $h(ch the Rook coul# coFo)er te *( K; n# Kt; or R;. 3>. ... 35. KtFB= 3M. PFKKtOU KRFK3 BFB3

Th(s )ro#uces $e k )o(nts t KBO n# KRO" n# there be(ng s !et no #ef(n(te thre t (n Bl ck's KtFB=" shoul# h *e been *o(#e#. .t (s of course #(ff(cult to for+ul te )l n of tt ck" for there (s no $e k )l ce (n Bl ck's r+our. .n n! c se 0h(te coul# s fel! h *e )l !e# KRFK3 n# K' (n or#er to #ouble the Rooks on the K(ng's f(le or Kueen's f(le ccor#(ng to c(rcu+st nces. But no$ s soon s Rook +o*es to K3FF n# th t $(ll h *e to be #one (n the en#" to su))ort the $e k KPFFBl ck's BFKt= +(ght beco+e $k$ r#. 3M. ... 34. KRFK3 ':. BxKt *o(#(ng n (sol te# ) $n (n KtFB; KtFKO6 KtFKt; subtle + nner.

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S &B S &R S S &R S &K S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S &P S &K S S S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S &P S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S LP S &KtS LKtS LB S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S LP S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S LK S S S S S LKtS LP S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S S LP S S S S LP S S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S LR S LR S S LK S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 3:; '3. ''. 'O. ';. '=. KFKt; KtFKO KKtFK= KtxB KtFR; RxB BFKt= PFR; PxKt

KtFK= $oul# be ns$ere# b! KRFK3Q '>. KtxP" KtxP thre ten(ng both KtFB>ch n# KtFB5. .f 0h(te sto)s both thre ts $(th KFBO" KtFK5ch $(ns. '=. ... '>. RFK5 KRFK3 KFKO P ge 3:4

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt Bo$ Bl ck foregoes h(s $ellFe rne# #* nt ge. He o*erlooks 0h(te's subtle +o*e 'M. PFR>. '> KFB3 $ s (n#(c te#. 0h(te's Kueen's P $n coul# not esc )e" n# there $ s t(+e to #(slo#ge the 0h(te Rook fro+ the se*enth b! RFK'" e g. '>. ... KFB3Q '5. KF KtO6" KRFK'Q 'M. KFKO" RxRQ '4. KxR" KtxP. '5. 'M. '4. O:. O3. O'. OO. KxK PFR>6 RxRP RxRP KFB3 KtFKt' RxR KtxK PxP KtFKt; KtxP PFKt; KtFB> PxR6

The ) $n thre tens to Pueen. T k(ng the Rook's ) $n $oul# not be so goo#" s (t $oul# #(s)l ce the Kn(ght. 0h(te $oul# not onl! reg (n the ) $n e s(l! $(th KtFKO" but $oul# lso get h(s K(ng (nto )l !. O;. KtFK3 RFK3

Here RFKB3 ffor#s $(nn(ng )oss(b(l(t(es for Bl ck. @n ccount of the thre t of RFBM" the exch nge of Kn(ghts b! 0h(te $oul# be force#" n# h(s g +e $oul# h *e been b #l! cr +)e# b! the Bl ck KBP" e.g. O;. ... RFKB3Q O=. KtxKt" PxKtQ O>. RFR3 HKFK3U" RFB5Q O5. RFK>" RFK5chQ OM. KFB3" RxPQ O4. KFK3" RFK5chQ ;:. KFB3" RF K;I" RFKt3Q O5. RFKt3" RFKt>. After the +o*e (n the text the g +e (s #r $n. O=. KtxKt O>. RFK> PxKt RFKB3 s the Bl ck ) sse# ) $n (s no$

There (s noth(ng (n th(s +o*e" tt cke#. O5. KFK3 OM. KFB3 ,r $n. GA9E Bo. = 0h(te7 R. C. Gr(ff(th.

RFK3ch RFKB3

Bl ck7 0. H. Gunston.

G(uoco P( no. 3. '. O. ;. =. PFK; KtFKBO BFB; PFBO PFKO PFK; KtFKBO BFB; KtFBO

PFK; $oul# see+ to be the log(c l consePuence of PFBO" n# therefore )refer ble. After the text +o*e Bl ck $(ll sooner or l ter be ble to enforce the #* nce of h(s o$n ) $n to K;" n# h(s )(eces $(ll then h *e the gre ter +ob(l(t!. =. ... Here Bl ck +(ght h *e )l ) $n" he le *es Bl ck (n he #oes not #o so but )l be KFK' n# the exch nge PFKO !e# PFK; t once. 1or (f 0h(te t kes the )ossess(on of the ) $n (n the centre. .f !s BFKKt= (nste #" Bl ck's re)l! $oul# of ) $ns t K = $oul# follo$. 0h(te's PF P ge 33:

BO (s then cle rl! >. 5. M. 4. 3:. 33. 3'. BFKO KKtFK' KtFB3 KFK' KtFKtO PxP BFKtO

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt lost +o*e. BFKtO KtFK' PFBO C stles PFK; PxP KtFKtO ccount of h(s ) $n

Bl ck h s no$ the su)er(or )os(t(on on centre. 3O. C stles KR 3;. BFKt= 3=. BxKt BFB' PFKRO PxB

There (s noth(ng (n the $e kness t Bl ck's KBO n# KRO c use# b! the #(s ))e r nce of h(s KKt P $n" s 0h(te h s lost h(s KB. @n the contr r! the o)en f(le shoul# be #(st(nct sset" for" h *(ng strong centre" Bl ck's )(eces re +ore +ob(le n# he (s +ore l(kel! to get n tt ck. 3>. KFKO 35. PFKRO KFR' ns$ere# b! BF

(n or#er to )l ! KtFR=" $h(ch other$(se $oul# be Kt=. 35. ... 3M. KFR3 34. KtFR= BxP $ s thre tene#. ':. RFKKt3 PFB= KRFKt3 PFB; BFKO

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S S S &K S S S &R S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S &P S &B S S S &P S S &K S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S S S &B S S &KtS &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S &P S &P S S S LKtS SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S S S &P S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S LB S LP S LP S LK S LKtS S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S S S S LP S LP S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S S S S S S LR S LK S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 3:= PFK= $oul# see+ to be better" s (t o)ens #( gon l for the KB" n# #( gon l" too" for the KB" s 0h(te h s to exch nge the ) $ns. .n#ee# Bl ck $oul# soon h *e obt (ne# $(nn(ng #* nt ge" e.g. ':. ... PFK=Q '3. PxP HKtFR'" KFR=Q ''. KFK'" KtFK;I" BPxPQ ''. KtFR'" KFR=Q 'O. KFK' HPFKKt; or BFK3" PFB;I" KtFK;" P ge 333

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt thre ten(ng KtFKt= n# KtFK>. As (t (s" 0h(te g (ns l(ttle t(+e" lthough Bl ck's )os(t(on st(ll re+ (ns su)er(or. '3. KFK' ''. PFKt; to )re*ent PFKt=. 'O. RFKt' ';. RFK3 '=. KtFK' KRFK3 KFB' KFK' PFBO

(nten#(ng to )l ! PFBO" thus ret r#(ng Bl ck's PFK=" $h(ch (s st(ll h ng(ng o*er 0h(te l(ke , +ocles' s$or#. The +o*e" ho$e*er" lets (n the Kn(ght. '=. ... '>. RFR' '5. PFBO KtFR= PFB; PFK=

Bo$ th(s +o*e (s no longer fe s(ble" s 0h(te's br(ll( nt s cr(f(ce #e+onstr tes. To + ke the +o*e )oss(ble" long )re) r t(ons $oul# h *e been necess r!" such s7 RFKtO" BFK'FBO" etc. 'M. '4. O:. O3. KPxP KtxKP KxPch RHR'IFK' KPxP PxKt RFKtO

The scene h s ch nge# $(th st rtl(ng su##enness. 0h(te h s o)en f(les n# #( gon ls for ll h(s forces" $h(lst Bl ck's )(eces re (++ob(l(se#. 0h te*er he )l !s" Bl ck +ust lose the )(ece he h s g (ne#. O3. ... O'. KFKO OO. RxR He c nnot )l ! BFK; on O;. O=. O>. O5. KtFB>ch KRFK5ch RxBch KFK>ch GA9E Bo. > 0h(te7 9 son. Bl ck7 Gunsberg. BFKO BxB KFB= ccount of KFK;. KFKt' BxR KxKt Res(gns.

G(uoco P( no. 3. '. O. ;. =. >. 5. M. PFK; KtFKBO BFB; PFKO BFKO PFBO KKtFK' PFKR; PFK; KtFKBO BFB; PFKO BFKtO KtFBO KFK' n# C stles.

A lost +o*e. The log(c l cont(nu t(on (s KtFB3FKtO P ge 33'

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt M. ... 4. BFKKt= BFKO BxB

Gener ll! s)e k(ng" exch nges such s th(s re #oubtful. Ho$e*er" (n the )resent c se" lthough (t o)ens the B f(le for 0h(te" 0h(te c nnot )re*ent Bl ck fro+ obt (n(ng the s +e #* nt ge. 3:. PxB PFKRO

Bl ck g(*es u) the +o*e he h s g (ne#. There (s no just(f(c t(on for th(s" s noth(ng )re*ents h(+ fro+ )rocee#(ng $(th h(s #e*elo)+ent t once $(th 3:. ... C stles. 33. BxKtch 3'. PFKKt; PxB

0h(te (s nx(ous lest h(s KtP shoul# be + #e -b ck$ r#- b! PFKR; n# PFB;. Th(s (s one of the #r $b cks of the )re+ ture #* nce of the KRP. 3'. 3O. 3;. 3=. 3>. 35. 3M. 34. Th(s cre tes ... C stles KFK' PxP PFK; KtFB; KtFKO PFB; $e kness C stles KR KtFKt= PFKB; BxP BFK' KtFBO PFKtO t K;.

An(+)ort nt s (t ))e rs to be" (t (s the c use of the loss of the g +e" s the o))os(ng Kn(ght gets (n ult(+ tel!. The #oubl(ng of the Rooks on the KB f(le $oul# see+ to be the best )l n. 34. ... ':. PFKtO KtFR;

0h(te's $e knesses t KBO n# KRO re +ore # + g(ng th n the corres)on#(ng ones (n the Bl ck c +)" s Bl ck st(ll )ossesses B(sho) of the s +e colour s the $e kene# sPu res. But the +o*e (s no$ co+)ulsor!Q for $ere 0h(te to llo$ the Bl ck Kn(ght to h(s KB=" n# to #r(*e h(+ off then $(th PFKtO" the Kn(ght coul# )l ! to h(s R> n# )re*ent the #oubl(ng of the 0h(te Rooks. ':. ... '3. RFB' ''. KFKt' BFR> KtFKt'

0h(te beg(ns to o)er te (n the centre n# on the K $(ng" s h(s )os(t(on on the K s(#e beg(ns to be #oubtful. The (ntent(on (s to )l ! PFK;" $h(ch" ho$e*er" Bl ck o))oses t once. ''. ... KtFKO

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S S S S S &R S &K S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S S &P S S &K S S S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S &P S S &P S &P S &KtS S &P S S P ge 33O

= ; O ' 3

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S S S S S &P S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S LP S LP S LP S S LP S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S S S S LP S LKtS LKtS LP S &B S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S S LK S S S S LR S S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S LR S S S S S S LK S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 3:>

.f no$ 0h(te )l !s PFK;" he loses '=. KxR" KFBOch. 'O. RFK3

)(ece b! PxPQ ';. KtxPU" RxRQ

The Rook h s no future here" n# RFK3" (n or#er to )l ! PFK;" (s +ore log(c l. But s Bl ck ob*(ousl! thre tens to #ouble h(s Rooks on the KB f(le" (t $oul# be #*(s ble to )l ! for n exch nge of Rooks" $(th7 KtFKt'" KRFB3 n# KtFK3. 'O. ';. '=. '>. '5. 'M. ... KRFK' KtFK3 RFK' KtHKOIFKt' KxB RFB' KRFKB3 KtFK= KFKt; BxKt

KtxB (s frustr te# b! KtFB>ch. 'M. ... All the Bl ck forces re no$ (n s h(s )(eces c n h r#l! +o*e. '4. KFB3 Res(gns. KFK> ct(on" KtFKt>6 n# 0h(te h s no #efence"

.f RFK' or B'" there follo$s RxRchQ O3. RxR" KtFK5chQ O'. KxKt" KxK. GA9E B@. 5 0h(te7 9 rsh ll. Bl ck7 T rr sch.

9 x % nge Att ck. 3. '. O. ;. =. PFK; PFK; KtFKBO BFKB; C stles PFK; PxP KtFKBO BFB; KtFBO

Bl ck c n *o(# the co+)l(c t(ons of the 9 x % nge tt ck b! =. ... PFKO. .n th t c se 0h(te c nnot reco*er the ) $n" n# (n or#er to #e*elo) h(s KKt effect(*el!" $oul# h *e to )l ! PFBO" (+(ng t r )(# #e*elo)+ent (n return" fter >. ... PxPQ 5. KtxP. But Bl ck c n frustr te th(s )l n e(ther b! )ush(ng h(s ) $n to K>" so th t the KKt (s b rre# fro+ the sPu re BO" or b! )l !(ng P ge 33;

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt BFKKt= $(th th(s )rob ble cont(nu t(on7 5. KFKtO" BxKtQ M. BxPch" KFB3Q 4. PxB" KtFBO" n# Bl ck h s the better g +e" for 0h(te's K(ng's s(#e (s broken u) n# h(s )(eces un#e*elo)e#" $h(le Bl ck h s )ros)ects of tt ck on the o)en KB f(le. >. 5. M. 4. PFK= PxKt RFK3ch KtFKt= PFK; PxB BFKO KFK;

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S S S S &K S S S &R S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S &P S &P S S S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S &KtS S &B S LP S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S &B S &K S S S LKtS S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S &P S &P S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S LP S S S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S LKtS LB S LK S LR S S LK S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 3:5 Th(s (s the t!)(c l )os(t(on (n the 9 x % nge tt ck. 0(th h(s n(nth +o*e 0h(te thre tene# to $(n )(ece b! KtxB n# KFR=ch. Bl ck coul# not ) rr! the thre t b! 4. ... KFKO" on ccount of PxP follo$e# b! KtFK;FB>ch. The )os(t(on (n the #( gr + ))e rs to be f *our ble for Bl ck" s ll h(s +(nor )(eces re (n )l !" $h(lst 0h(te's #e*elo)+ent (s so+e$h t restr(cte# b! Bl ck's strong ) $ns t KB= n# K=. 1or long t(+e th(s o)en(ng h s not been )l !e# (n tourn +ents" be(ng cons(#ere# uns t(sf ctor! for 0h(te. 0(th the )resent g +e" n# h(s ne$ +o*e of 3=. BFR>" 9 rsh ll h s reo)ene# the Puest(on s to $hether 0h(te's tt ck on the K f(le )lus the ) $n t KKt5 (s suff(c(entl! te+)t(ng. 3:. KtFKBO 33. KKtFK; KFB; C stles KR

Th(s (s (+)er t(*e. .f Bl ck ret(res the B(sho) fro+ h(s uns fe )os(t(on" 0h(te )er+ nentl! )re*ents Bl ck fro+ c stl(ng" $h(ch (s boun# to be f t l (n *(e$ of the o)en K f(leFFe.g. 33. ... BF KtOQ 3'. PxP" RFKKt3Q 3O. PFKKt;" KFKtOQ 3;. KtxB" PxKtQ l=. BF Kt=" RxPQ 3>. KFBO $(th *(olent tt ck. 3'. KtxKB .f 0h(te tr(es to $(n the exch nge (n the follo$(ng $ !7 3'. PF KKt;" KFK;6Q 3O. KtFKBO" KFK;Q 3;. PxP follo$e# b! KtFB>" Bl ck c n (n(t( te )ro+(s(ng counter tt ck b! 3;. ... BxP66Q 3=. PxRFK" RxKQ 3>. KtFB>" KxKtQ 35. KxK" BxK. .n th(s c se 0h(te ex)oses h(s K(ng's s(#e b! PFKKt; (n or#er to benef(t fro+ the unst ble )os(t(on of the Bl ck KB" but unless c re (s t ken" he c n e s(l! f ll *(ct(+ to n tt ck on the o)en KKt f(le 3'. ... PxKt P ge 33=

3O. PFKKt; Bot KFK;" on ccount of PxP

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt KFK; n# KtFB>. KRFKt3 s

3;. PxP 3=. BFR>

Th(s (s 9 rsh ll's (nno* t(on. .t gets the B(sho) out of )l !" PFKt= +ust necess r(l! follo$" !et the ) $n t Kt5 hol#s the Bl ck Rook" n# there (s )er+ nent thre t of KtFB> e(ther $(nn(ng the exch nge or" (f the Kn(ght (s t ken" g(*(ng 0h(te ) (r of for+(# ble ) sse# ) $ns. 3=. ... 3>. PFBO PFK> BFKO

Th(s (s Pu(te to 0h(te's l(k(ng" s(nce he $(shes to #* nce .#s centre ) $ns. Bl ck's onl! ch nce of esc )(ng #(s ster $oul# be7 BFK'" $(th RFK'" KtFK3FB'. .nste # of th(s" h(s next fe$ +o*es #o not re*e l n! concerte# )l n" n# he loses (n sur)r(s(ngl! short t(+e. 35. 3M. 34. ':. PFB; KFBO PFKt= KtFKtO KFK; BFK' KFB; KFB'

.n + noeu*r(ng h(s K" Bl ck h s ch(e*e# noth(ng e(ther for counter tt ck or #efence. Bo$ 0h(te h s nu+erous tt ck(ng ch nces. He f(rst turns h(s ttent(on to the KP. '3. KFKt; ''. RFK;6 'O. PFKR; KRFK3 PFKt; ss ult. Bl ck's g +e (s

n# no$ e*en the KR t kes ) rt (n the ho)eless. 'O. ... ';. PxP '=. KFKt' tt ck(ng the KP b! '=. '>. '5. 'M. '4. ... KFBO RFK; RxKtch KxP PFRO PxP

*o(#(ng the check. KtFK3 KFKtO PFBO KxR Res(gns. -9 x % nge- (n n

After th(s" no + ster h s tr(e# to #efen# (ntern t(on l tourn +ent. GA9E B@. M 0h(te7 Bl ckburne.

Bl ck7 E+. % sker.

Scotch G +e. 3. PFK; '. KtFKBO O. PFK; PFK; KtFKBO PxP P ge 33>

;. KtxP =. BFKO

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt BFB; KFBO

The thre t KtxKt n# BxB +ust be +et (n so+e $ !. PFKO (s not s t(sf ctor!" for Bl ck re+ (ns $(th treble# ) $n fter the #ouble exch nge. An ltern t(*e to the text +o*e (s BFKtO. KFBO" ho$e*er" h s the #* nt ge of #e*elo)(ng )(ece" n# lthough (t (s the Kueen" 0h(te h s no e rl! o))ortun(t! of #r(*(ng the s +e off" such s he often obt (ns $hen the Kueen co+es out so soon (n the g +e. >. PFKBO 5. KtFB' KKtFK'

.n or#er to #e*elo) the KKt. 5. ... PFKKtO6

@ut of three )oss(ble +o*es" % sker selects the one $h(ch contr(butes +ost to #e*elo)+ent. BFKtO #oes noth(ng (n th t #(rect(on" n# BxB $oul# br(ng the 0h(te Kn(ght further (nto )l !. The text +o*e )re) res the #e*elo)+ent of the B t Kt' $(th the o)t(on of C stles KR. .f 0h(te exch nges B(sho)s he g(*es u) the co++ n# of h(s K;. Bl ck's PFKO +(ght h *e h # the s +e result" but then the exch nge $oul# h *e g(*en 0h(te + jor(t! of ) $ns on the K s(#e" $h(lst 0h(te's three K s(#e ) $ns $oul# h *e hel# the bl ck K s(#e ) $ns" one of the l tter be(ng #ouble#. M. KtFK' KFKtO

The exch nge of B(sho)s llo$s 0h(te to )l ! KtFKO" thus *o(#(ng the $e ken(ng +o*e PFK KtO. 4. BFKB; (s ns$ere# b! PFK;6. 4. 3:. 33. 3'. BxB KtFKO PFKKtO BFB; PxB RFKKt3 C stles

To )re*ent Bl ck's PFB;. At f(rst s(ght (t see+s s (f the KBP ought to +o*e to B;" s the #* nce of the KKtP h s $e kene# (t. But 0h(te # res not llo$ Bl ck Kn(ght to settle t K=. 3'. ... 3O. PFB;6 PFKO

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S &R S &B S S S &R S &K S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S S &P S S &KtS &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S &KtS &P S S S &K S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S &P S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S LB S S LP S LP S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S LP S LP S S LKtS S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S S S LKtS S S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS P ge 335

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt 3 S LR S S S LK S LK S S S LR S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 3:M Bl ck thre tens to )l ! KFR3 (n or#er to )l ! PFB;. 0h(te's )os(t(on $oul# then be *er! b #" n# therefore he r(ghtl! #ec(#es to nt(c() te the +o*e" e*en t the cost of ) $n. .n or#er to g (n the KBP Bl ck +ust $ ste nu+ber of +o*es $(th the K" n# 0h(te g (ns t(+e for K(ng's s(#e tt ck. The ) $n s cr(f(ce (s *er! )ro+(s(ng (n#ee#. 3O. ... 3;. C stles 3=. RFBO KFBO KxKBP

There see+ to be + n! thre ts here" n# the )os(t(on (s #(ff(cult one to f tho+. After #(sent ngl(ng h(s Kueen" Bl ck tr(es *er! h r# to force h(s PFB;. As soon s he succee#s (n th(s he h s $on g +e" for the o)en f(le (s * (l ble both for #efence n# counterF tt ck. 3=. 3>. 35. 3M. ... KFR3 RFKB3 RxB KFK= BFKO BxB KFKt5

KFBO (s (+)oss(ble ) rt fro+ the f ct th t (t $oul# block the KBP" e.g. 3M. ... KFBOQ 34. PFK=" PxPQ ':. KtFK;" etc. 34. RFKB' Bo$ the R=. KFBO ns$ere# $(th KF

tt ck sho$n (n the l st note coul# be ':. KtFKt;

Here PFKKt; coul# be ''. RFKtO" PFB;. ':. '3. ''. 'O. ';. ... RFKtO KtFK= KtxKt PFK=

ns$ere# b! KtFK=" e.g. '3. PFKt=" KFKtOQ KFKtO PFB; KFKO KtxKt KtFKt=6 bout

Th(s )re*ents the Rook fro+ occu)!(ng the K f(le $h(ch (s to be o)ene#. '=. RFB; '>. KFR3 PxP KFK'6

.f no$ KxP" Bl ck )l !s RFB' $(th un ns$er ble thre ts of RFK3 or K3. '5. 'M. '4. O:. O3. O'. OO. KtFBO KtFK= RxKBP KtFB; RFB3 RxK PFRO PxP KFK' KRFK3 KFKMch KxK KtxP PFB= P ge 33M

O;. O=. O>. O5.

RFKO RFK5 PxP RxRP

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt KtFKt= PFB>6 RxP KtFK>

thre tens + te (n s(x. OM. RFR3 + te (s g (n thre tene#. O4. ;:. ;3. ;'. ;O. ;;. ;=. ;>. ;5. KtFK' KFKt3 KFR' RxKt RxR RFK5 RxP RxP RFB> RxPch RFKt>ch RFK>6 RxKtch RxR RFK> RxP PFRO KtFKM

A fe$ +ore +o*es -for fun.;5. ;M. ;4. =:. =3. ='. =O. =;. ==. =>. =5. =M. =4. >:. >3. >'. >O. >;. >=. >>. >5. ... KFKt' RFR> RFR; RFKB; KFKtO RFBO KFRO RFB; KFR' RFR; KFRsP RFKB; KFKtsP RFB=ch RFBsP RFRsP RFKsP RFRsP RFROch RFRsP Res(gns. KFR' PFR; PFKtO KFRO RFKt5ch KFKt; PFR=ch KFR; RFKt>ch PFKt; RFKt5ch PFR> PFKt= PFKt> KFKtO KFB; RFK5 KFB= KFK> RFK> KFK5

GA9E Bo. 4 0h(te7 S l$e. Bl ck7 9 rsh ll. T$o Kn(ghts' ,efence 3. '. O. ;. PFK; KtFKBO BFB; KtFKt= PFK; KtFKBO KtFBO

Th(s tt ck + ! be te+)t(ng" s the BP c nnot be )rotecte#" but (t (s g (nst th t ele+ent r! )r(nc()le $h(ch s !s th t no tt ck shoul# be un#ert ken (n the o)en(ng unt(l the +(nor )(eces re +ob(l(se#" )ro*(#e# of course th t Bl ck lso h s + #e soun# o)en(ng +o*es. There (s e*er! l(kel(hoo# th t the tt ck (n the P ge 334

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt )resent (nst nce $(ll le # to noth(ng. .t h s t ken + n! !e rs to f(n# the correct re)l!" but no$ th t (t (s kno$n" the o)en(ng h s )r ct(c ll! #(s ))e re# fro+ + ster )r ct(ce. .nste # of the +o*e (n the text" 0h(te c n )l ! e(ther PFKO" le #(ng l+ost un *o(# bl! to #r $(ng * r( t(on of the G(uoco )( no" or C stles $h(ch +(ght br(ng bout the 9 x % nge tt ck fter ;. ... BFB;Q =. PFK;" PxP. ;. ... =. PxP PFK; KtFKR;6

Th(s (s t!)(c l )os(t(on (n the T$o Kn(ghts' #efence. The for+er cont(nu t(on =. ... KtxKP h s long been b n#one#" s the tt ck th t 0h(te c n (n(t( te b! >. KtxBP" KxKtQ 5. KFBOch" forc(ng the Bl ck K(ng to KO" (s # ngerous though the result (s uncert (n. The +o*e (n the text bre ks the tt ck fro+ the *er! f(rst" n# Bl ck gets the #* nt ge FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S S &B S &K S &K S &B S S &R S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S &P S &P S S S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S S S S &KtS S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S &KtS S S LP S &P S S LKtS S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S LB S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S LP S LP S S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S LKtS LB S LK S LK S S S LR S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 3:4

s he c n g (n t(+e b! tt ck(ng the t$o +(nor )(eces $h(ch (t shoul# be note#" re unsu))orte#" n# (n ##(t(on obt (n s)ee#! #e*elo)+ent" $orth +ore th n the ) $n g(*en u) for (t. >. PFKO BFKt=ch (s n ltern t(*e. The #* nt ge (s Bl ck's (n th(s c se lsoFFe.g. PFBOQ 5. PxP" PxPQ M. BFK'" PFKROQ 4. KtFKBO" PFK=Q 3:. KtFK=" KFB'Q 33. PFK;" BFKO Hor PxP e.). follo$e# b! BFKOIQ 3'. PFKB;" PxP e.).Q 3O. KtxP" KtFKt= or 33. PFB;" BFKOQ 3'. PF K;" PxP e.).Q 3O KtxP" C stles. Bl ck h s n e s! g +e n# o)en l(nes. >. 5. M. 4. 3:. ... KtFKBO KFK' PxKt KKtFK' PFKRO PFK= KtxB BFKB;

The Kn(ght +ust +o*e sooner or l ter. 3:. ... 33. KtFKtO 3'. KFB3 C stles BFKKt= P ge 3':

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt A sorr! retre t" but the )l us(ble KFK' $oul# be #(s strous" e.g. PFK>6Q 3O. PxP" KtFK= n# KFR=ch 3'. ... BFKt=ch

Bl ck's su)er(or #e*elo)+ent beg(ns to tell (n no uncert (n f sh(on. Bo$ 0h(te c n ne(ther )l ! 3O. BFK' on ccount of BxBchQ 3;. KKtxB" RFK3" follo$e# b! PFK>" nor 3O. KtFBO on ccount of BxKtQ 3;. PGB" PFBO reg (n(ng the ) $n n# + (nt (n(ng )os(t(on l #* nt ge. 0h(te h s therefore no ltern t(*e but PFBO" $h(ch $e kens h(s KO" $here Bl ck Kn(ght soon settles #o$n. 3O. PFBO 3;. PFKRO 3=. PFKt; BFK' BFR; BFKtO

At l st 0h(te c n c stle. He c n" of course" onl! c stle on the Kueen's s(#e" bec use h(s K(ng's s(#e ) $ns re sh ttere#. Bo$ g +es (n $h(ch the K(ngs c stle on #(fferent $(ngs re +ore or less be!on# c lcul t(on" s )o(nte# out before. @n the $hole" the )l !er $ho f(rst tt cks $(ns. But ex)er(ence h s sho$n th t the Kueen's s(#e (s +ore #(ff(cult to #efen# on ccount of (ts gre ter ex) nse" n# th(s theor! (s su))orte# b! the )resent g +e. .n ##(t(on" 0h(te's #e*elo)+ent (s not co+)lete# !et" $h(lst ll the Bl ck forces re re #! to str(ke. 3>. BFKO 35. KKtFK' 3M. C stles KtFK' KtFK; PFKt;

Stor+(ng the )os(t(on $(th ) $ns (s )ecul( r to th(s k(n# of g +e. The (ntent(on (s to bre k u) the o))os(ng ) $n )os(t(on" n# to o)en f(les for the Rooks. P $ns re che ) (n such c ses. @)en l(nes for the )(eces re the th(ngs th t + tter" n# the fe$er ) $ns there re left" the +ore o)en l(nes re * (l ble for the tt ck. 34. PxP ':. KFKt3 '3. KFR3 KtFK>ch KxP

The K(ng $ s not s fe on the #( gon l. 0h(te $(shes to )ush on h(s K(ng's s(#e ) $ns HPFB;FB=" n# so onI. But fter PxP e.). there $oul# be f t l #(sco*ere# check b! the Bl ck Kn(ght. ''. ... KxP

Bl ck's #* nt ge beco+es +ore + rke#. He h s reco*ere# h(s ) $n" n# for the ensu(ng tt cks on both s(#es he (s better )l ce#" h *(ng lre #! t$o o)en f(les for h(s Rooks. ''. PFKB; 'O. KRFKt3 ';. KtFK; PFKR; PFKB; KFR=6

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S S S S S &R S &K S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S S &P S S &B S S &P S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S S S S S &B S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS P ge 3'3

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt = S &P S S S S S &P S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S &K S S S LKtS &P S LP S LP S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S LP S &KtS LB S S S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S S LKtS S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LK S LR S S S S LK S S LR S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 33: The '=. '5. O:. )os(t(on br(stles $(th ch nces for # r(ng s cr(f(ces. After KtxBP" for (nst nce" Bl ck coul# )l ! RxKt6Q '>. PxR" KtFKt=Q PxKt" PxPQ 'M. PFRO HKFB;chU" BFB'I" BFBOQ '4. KFR'" KxPchQ PxK" RxP + te. '=. PFKtO '>. PxP '5. KFKt' KFK' BxP PFB;

0h(te's co+)ulsor! '=. PFKtO h s $e kene# h(s KBO" n# the +o*e (n the text (s (nten#e# to o)en the #( gon l KBOFKB> for the Bl ck B(sho). 'M. '4. O:. O3. KtxB KxP KFB;ch KtFK; KxKt BFBO KFR3 KRFK3

0h(te c nnot ) rr! ll the thre ts t once. Though he gets r(# of the thre ten(ng B" he lets (n the host(le R on the K f(le n# the en# c nnot long be #el !e#. O'. OO. O;. O=. O>. O5. n# + te KtxB BFB3 BFRO KRFK3 BxP KFKt' RxKt KRFKO RFK5 KtFKM KtFB5ch KtFKt=ch

t R5 or B5. GA9E Bo. 3:

0h(te7 Te(ch+ nn.

Bl ck7 A+ teurs (n consult t(on.

T$o Kn(ghts' ,efence. 3. '. O. ;. PFK; KtFKBO BFB; C stles PFK; KtFKBO KtFBO

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S S &B S &K S &K S &B S S &R S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S &P S &P S &P S S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS P ge 3''

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt > S S S &KtS S S &KtS S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S S &P S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S LB S S LP S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S S S S LKtS S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S LP S LP S S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S LKtS LB S LK S LK S S S LR S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 333 The (#e un#erl!(ng th(s ) $n s cr(f(ce (s to o)en the K f(le for the Rook. .t $(ll be seen th t" $(th correct )l !" Bl ck + n ges to c stle just (n t(+e" n# 0h(te" though $(nn(ng b ck h(s ) $n" h s no #* nt ge (n )os(t(on. The o)en(ng (s sel#o+ )l !e# b! +o#ern + sters. .nste # of the +o*e (n the text" 0h(te c n h r#l! #efen# the KP $(th KtFBO" s Bl ck s(+)l! c )tures the ) $n n# reco*ers h(s )(ece b! PFK;" $(th s t(sf ctor! )os(t(on. .t (s e*en better for Bl ck (f 0h(te )l !s >. BxPch (n re)l! to =. ... KtxP. The c )ture of 0h(te's KP (s f r +ore (+)ort nt th n th t of the Bl ck KBP" ) rt(cul rl! s the 0h(te B(sho)" $h(ch coul# be # ngerous on the #( gon l KR'FKKtM" (s exch nge#" e.g. >. ... KxBQ 5. KtxKt" PFK;Q M. KtFKt=ch" KFKt36 Bl ck cont(nues PFKRO" KFR'" RFB3 n# h s o)en l(nes for Rooks n# B(sho)s. ;. ... KtxP

Bl ck c n" of course" #e*elo) h(s BFB;. Then he +ust e(ther sub+(t to the 9 x % nge tt ck H=. PFK;" PxPI or )l ! BxP" g(*(ng u) the useful B" (n $h(ch c se he loses the ) $n g (ne# fter >. KtxB" KtxKtQ 5. PFKB;" PFKOQ M. PxP" PxPQ 4. BFKKt=" n# e*entu ll! KFBO. =. PFK; RFK3 t once $oul# le # to noth(ng. =. >. 5. M. ... RFK3 BxP6 KtFBO PxP PFK; KxB

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S S &B S S &K S &B S S &R S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S &P S &P S S S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S &KtS S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S &K S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S &P S &KtS S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S LKtS S S LKtS S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S LP S S S LP S LP S LP S P ge 3'O

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S S LB S LK S LR S S LK S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 33' Th(s tt ck h s been n l!se# extens(*el! b! Ste(n(tN. The onl! sPu re $here the Kueen c nnot be tt cke# t once b! the +(nor )(eces (s t K.. After M. ... KFK." Bl ck obt (ns Pu(te s t(sf ctor! g +e7 4. RxKtch" BFK'Q 3:. KtxP" PFB;. Th(s (s P(llsbur!'s +o*e" (nten#(ng to #(s)l ce the Rook. Bl ck h s then o)en l(nes for h(s t$o B(sho)s s co+)ens t(on for h(s sh ttere# ) $n )os(t(on. 33. RFKB;" C stlesQ 3'. KtxKt" KxKchQ 3O. KtxK" PxKt. Bo$ (t (s not e s! to f(n# re son ble )l n for 0h(te" s Bl ck thre tens to cr +) 0h(te's g +e $(th BFKO n# PFB=. .t (s therefore necess r! for 0h(te to t ke +e sures g (nst th t b! )l !(ng RFB; n# BFB;. .f Bl ck st(ll )l !s BFKO" BFB; follo$s" $(th the (ntent(on of exch ng(ng n# of )ro*ok(ng Bl ck's PFB;" $h(ch le *es the KP -b ck$ r#.M. 4. 3:. 33. 3'. 3O. 3;. ... KtxKt BFKt= BxB KtFKtO KxP KRFK3 KFKR; BFK' BFKO KtxB KFRO C stles KR

Bo$ 0h(te (s he # $(th h(s #e*elo)+ent" h *(ng both Rooks (n )l ! n# h(s Kueen better )l ce#. Bor c n the l tter be tt cke# b! RFK3" s 0h(te $oul# s(+)l! )l ! KxR. @n the Kueen be(ng #r(*en $ ! b! the Bl ck Kn(ght" he exch nges the l tter n# )l !s the Kueen b ck (nto the s +e #o+(n t(ng )os(t(on" e*entu ll! )ro#uc(ng #(sloc t(on of the Bl ck Kueen's s(#e ) $ns. 3;. 3=. 3>. 35. 3M. 34. ... KFKR; KtFK;6 RxKt KxR KFK= KtFBO KRFK3 KtxKt RxR PFKKtO PFKB;

.t (s (nstruct(*e to $ tch ho$ th(s *er! sl(ght $e kness cre te# b! Bl ck's #* nce of h(s ) $ns br(ngs h(+ (nto trouble. A 0h(te Kn(ght settles #o$n t h(s K>" $h(ch (s no longer gu r#e# b! the Bl ck KBP" n# ) r l!ses the $hole of Bl ck's g +e. Another f ctor (n 0h(te's su)er(or(t! of )os(t(on (s the )ossess(on of the K(ng's f(le. The Bl ck Rook c nnot +o*e unt(l the K(ng gets loo)hole b! ) $n +o*e. As $e h *e seen" such ) $n +o*e often ffor#s n entr! to the o))os(ng )(eces. ':. PFKB; BFB3

Bot BxP" of course" bec use of PFKKtO n# KFKt'. The B(sho) $h(ch c nnot re+ (n t KO (s to go to Kt'" so th t the thre t of + te fter KFKBO + ! lso hol# u) 0h(te )(ece. '3. PFB= ''. KFK5 'O. RFK' BFKt' KFKBO PFBO P ge 3';

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt Co+)ulsor!" s other$(se PFB> forces the KtP to #* nce" $h(ch (s f t l (n n! c se. After PFKtO" 0h(te $oul# co*er h(s BP n# )l ! h(s K to KR>. @n the other h n#" fter PxP there (s KtFR=FB>" n# Bl ck (s (n + t(ng net. ';. KtFK; '=. KtFK> The thre t $ s KxRch '>. PFKRO (n or#er to retre t to R' (n c se of KFKMch. .n $ ! PFKRO cre tes cert (n $e kness" s the sPu re t KtO (s no$ #efenceless" but Bl ck h s no )(eces $(th $h(ch to t ke #* nt ge of (t7 h(s Rook c nnot +o*e" h(s B(sho) (s on the 0h(te sPu res. .f Bl ck h # KB (nste #" the +o*e $oul# be *er! #oubtful" bec use then Bl ck +(ght bre k (n through 0h(te's KKtO. '>. ... PFB= n# to + te KFK; BFBO n# RFKM + te.

0h(te's thre t $ s to re)el the Bl ck Kueen b! PFB; (n f(*e +o*es" beg(nn(ng $(th KFK>ch. '5. PFBO PFKRO

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S S S S &R S &K S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S S S S LK S S &P S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S &P S &B S LKtS S &P S S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S &K S S LP S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S &P S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S LP S S S S S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S S S LR S S LP S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S S S S LK S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 33O Th(s #(s)oses of the $(nn(ng of the Kueen b! the thre tene# + te. But (t cre tes $e kness t Bl ck's KtO" $h(ch 0h(te ex)lo(ts (n gr n# st!le. He #ec(#es to )l ! the K(ng h(+self to Kt>" thre ten(ng + te t Kt5. .n s)(te of se*er l r (#s b! the Bl ck Kueen" th(s Pu (nt #e*(ce (s cro$ne# $(th success. The $e kness cre te# b! PFKRO coul# not be #e+onstr te# +ore #r st(c ll!. 'M. KFR' '4. KFKtO O:. KFR; PFKKt; PFKR; PFKtO

.f 0h(te $ere to )l ! PxP no$" Bl ck $oul# + te h(+ one +o*e e rl(er HKFKt;I. @f course he ) rr(es the thre t f(rst" n# Bl ck (s hel)less. P ge 3'=

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt O3. RFKO O'. RFKtO KxKtP KFB5 ccount of the

After PFKt;ch 0h(te coul# not )l ! OO. KFKt; on )rett! + te b! BFB>. He $oul# )l ! KFR=FKt>. OO. PxP O;. RFKt; O=. KFR= KFB=ch KFB5ch Res(gns.

A +ost (nstruct(*e g +e" sho$(ng ho$ the su)er(or )os(t(on of the )(eces c n le # (n#(rectl! to $(n" b! re#uc(ng the o))onent's )(eces gr #u ll! to (+)otence n# co+)ell(ng h(+ to +o*e ) $ns" thereb! ffor#(ng o))ortun(t(es for #ec(s(*e entr!. GA9E Bo. 33 0h(te7 Schlechter. Bl ck7 8 no$sk(.

Ru! %o)eN Hco+) re ). ;:I. 3. '. O. ;. PFK; KtFKBO BFKt= C stles PFK; KtFKBO KtFBO KtxP n#

A cont(nu t(on" $h(ch h s l tel! g (ne# (n f *our" (s7 PFKO BFK' Hsee ). O4I. =. PFK; BFK'

.t (s cle rl! *er! # ngerous to gr t(f! 0h(te's $(sh for n o)en f(le b! )l !(ng PxP. The +o*e + ! be )l ! ble (n the s!ste+ of #efence c lle# the -R(g * r( t(on- Hsee G +e Bo. 35I. Here (t $oul# be #* nt geous to be ble to close the KB's #( gon l. .t (s better $hen (nten#(ng to )l ! the -R(g * r( t(on- to h *e )l !e# PFKRO on the th(r# +o*e. >. 5. M. 4. 3:. KFK' BxKt PxP KtFBO RFK3 KtFKO KtPxB KtFKt' C stles RFK3

The + noeu*re c(te# on ). ;:" n +el! KtFB;FKO" $h(ch + kes PFK; )oss(ble" (s essent( l for the #e*elo)+ent of the KB. Bl ck loses the )resent g +e bec use 0h(te (s ble to kee) the B(sho) shut (n )er+ nentl! 33. KFB; KtFB;

so th t the ) $n BO shoul# not be -h ng(ng- $hen the KP +o*es. 3'. KtFKKt=6 3O. BxB 3;. KxKt BxKt KxB RFKO

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S S &B S S S S &K S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S S &P S &P S S &P S &P S &P S P ge 3'>

> = ; O ' 3

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S S S &P S S&R S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S S S LK S S LP S S &K S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S S S LKtS S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S LP S LP S LP S S S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S LR S S S S LR S S LK S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 33;

After the exch nges the )os(t(on (s cle rl! (n f *our of 0h(te. Ag (nst n un#e*elo)e# B" $h(ch lso h +)ers Rook" h(s Kn(ght (s +ob(le. The Bl ck Kueen's s(#e ) $ns re $e k" n# g(*e 0h(te $(nn(ng ch nces e*en (f Bl ck succee#s (n )l !(ng PFK; n# br(ng(ng the B(sho) (nto )l !. The +o*e (n the text" $h(ch co*ers the ) $n t BO" g (n )re) res for PFK;. 3=. KFK; BFKt'

The onl! ch nce l ! (n the ) $n s cr(f(ce b! PFKB;" fter $h(ch the B(sho) gets to Kt' $(th thre t of + te" n# the KR (s free. 3>. KFKKt; 35. KtFK; BFB3

1(ne )l !. .f Bl ck c )tures the ) $n" 0h(te obt (ns co+b(ne# tt ck $(th K" R" n# Kt" to $h(ch Bl ck c n onl! o))ose the K" so th t the result c nnot be (n #oubtFFe.g. 35. ... KxKPQ 3M. KtF B=" KFKOQ 34. KFKB;" RxRchQ ':. RxR" PFKROQ '3. RFKMch" KFR'Q ''. KFK;ch" PFKtO HKFKtOUQ 'O. KxK" follo$e# b! KtxPIQ 'O. KtFKO n# RFK5. 35. 3M. 34. ':. '3. ... KtFB= RFKO KFK; PFKB; KFK' RFKtO PFKR; RFKt3

)re*ent(ng RFKt; '3. ''. 'O. ';. '=. ... PFKKtO RFK3 RFKtO RxR PFRO KFR' KFKt; KFB; PxR

Bl ck h s bu(lt $ ll of ) $ns roun# h(s K(ng" but (t #oes not * (l g (nst the su)er(or forces $h(ch 0h(te c n concentr te. 0h(te's )l n (s cle r. He $(ll #* nce h(s ) $ns" n# bre k u) those th t surroun# the Bl ck K(ng" l$ !s t k(ng c re th t Bl ck #oes not free h(s Kueen's s(#e +e n$h(le. H(s )(eces $(ll then bre k (n e s(l!" n# Bl ck (s force# to look on ) ss(*el!. '>. PFKRO '5. PFKR; RFR3 P ge 3'5

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt to )re*ent the s cr(f(ce of Bl ck Rook (nto )l !. '5. 'M. '4. O:. O3. ... RFKO KFR' PFB; PFK>66 ) $n b! PFR=" $h(ch $oul# br(ng the RFKt3 KFKt; KFK' KFB'

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S &R S &B S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S S &P S &P S S &K S &P S &K S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S &P S S LP S S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S &P S S LKtS S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S LP S S LP S LK S S LP S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S LP S S LR S S S S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S S S S S S S LP S LK S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S S S S S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 33= A be ut(ful +o*e $h(ch robs Bl ck of h(s l st ch nce of free(ng h(s Kueen's s(#e" $h(ch he +(ght h *e cco+)l(she# b! the ) $n s cr(f(ce of PFKO. O3. O'. OO. O;. O=. O>. O5. OM. O4. ;:. ... KFK= PFKKt; KFKtO PFR; PFR= KxRP KFK= PFKt= PFKt>ch PxP KFK' RFKt= RFKtO KFB3 PxP RFKt3 RFKtO PFR; s KxRP forces s)ee#!

The en# (s ne r. Bl ck +ust t ke" ;:. ;3. ;'. ;O. ... KFKt=ch KxRPch KFKt= KxP KFR' KFKt3

thre ten(ng RFKM ;O. ... ;;. RFKM ;=. KFR=ch KFB' KFK' Res(gns.

%oss of the Kueen n# + te (n fe$ +o*es c nnot be )re*ente#. Bl ck h s )l !e# the $hole g +e )r ct(c ll! $(th t$o )(eces less" n# the + te $ s re ll! onl! + tter of t(+e. P ge 3'M

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt GA9E Bo. 3' 0h(te7 Te(ch+ nn. Bl ck7 Rub(nste(n.

Ru! %o)eN Hsee ). O5I. 3. '. O. ;. PFK; KtFKBO BFKt= BFR; PFK; KtFKBO PFKRO

B! exch ng(ng the B(sho) 0h(te coul# not )ro*e PFKRO to be lost +o*e" for Bl ck" b! ret k(ng $(th the KP" obt (ns o)en l(nes for K n# KB" n# (n ##(t(on to n e s! #e*elo)+ent" ret (ns t$o B(sho)s. Th(s (s setFoff g (nst cert (n $e kness (n Bl ck's g +e" $h(ch + ! be foun# (n the f ct th t fter PFK;" PxP" 0h(te h s four ) $ns to three on the K(ng's s(#e" $h(le h(s three ) $ns on the Kueen's s(#e re ble to hol# the four o))os(ng ) $ns" one of $h(ch (s #ouble#. But th(s $e kness c n onl! tell (n the en#F g +e" $h(ch (s too f r he # for )r ct(c l )ur)oses" n# to $h(ch (t + ! not co+e t ll. An ex +)le of the usu l l(ne of )l ! $(ll be foun# (n G +e Bo. 3M. ;. =. >. 5. M. ... C stles RFK3 BFKtO PFBO KtFBO BFK' PFKKt; PFKO

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S S &B S &K S &K S S S &R S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S S &P S S &B S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S &P S S &KtS &P S S &KtS S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S &P S S S &P S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S S LP S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S LB S LP S S S LKtS S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S S LP S S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S LKtS LB S LK S LR S S LK S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 33> M. ... C stles

.n C ) bl nc 's o)(n(on Bl ck shoul# not c stle before 0h(te's (ntent(ons (n the centre h *e been + #e cle r. .t + kes gre t #(fference $hether 0h(te )l !s h(s KP to K; or to KO onl!. .f fter M. ... KKtFR;Q 4. BFB'" PFB; 0h(te )l !s7 3:. PFK;" h(s (ntent(on (s to +o*e h(s ) $n further to K= s soon s Bl ck h s c stle#" n# then to tt ck on the K(ng's $(ng $(th KKtFK'FB3FKO" PFKKt; n# KtFB=. 1or th(s re son Bl ck shoul# force 0h(te to #(sclose $hether he (nten#s to exch nge h(s KP or to #* nce (t to K=. .n the l tter c se Bl ck c n refr (n fro+ c stl(ng P ge 3'4

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt ltogether n# counterF tt ck on the K(ng's $(ng" e.g." 3:. PFK;" KFB'Q 33. PFKRO" BFK'Q 3'. KKtFK'" RFKB3Q (f no$7 3O. PFK= then PFRO follo$e# b! PFKt;FKt= g(*es Bl ck + n! ch nces. .f on the contr r! 3O. PxP" then Bl ck nee# no longer fe r n tt ck on the K(ng's s(#e fter he h s c stle#" s h(s Rooks $(ll h *e f *our ble o))ortun(t! for o)er t(ng on the o)en Kueen's f(le. Ho$e*er" there (s st(ll the #(s #* nt ge for Bl ck of h *(ng #* nce# Kueen's s(#e ) $ns" $h(ch re l( ble to tt ck HPFKR;I. The g +e t kes #(fferent course $hen Bl ck exch nges the ) $ns (n the centre. The cont(nu t(on $oul# then be7 33. ... KtFBOQ 3'. K KtFK'" BFK'Q 3O. KtFB3" PxPQ 3;. PxP" PxPQ 3=. BFKt=" KF KtO. .t (s #(ff(cult to #ec(#e $h(ch s(#e h s the #* nt ge. Bl ck h s n extr ) $n" but 0h(te h s the (n(t( t(*e. .f (n ,( g. 33>" fter M. ... C stles 0h(te )l !s 4. PFK; t once" Bl ck h s n o))ortun(t! for the follo$(ng (nterest(ng tt ck7 4. PFK;" BFKt=Q 3:. BFKO" KtxKPQ 33. BFK=" KFK'Q 3'. BxKKt" PFK;Q 3O. BFB'" PFK= 3;. PFKRO" BFR;Q 3=. KtFK=" BxKQ 3>. KtxK" BxBQ 35. KtxR" RxKt. 0h(te c nnot t ke #* nt ge of h(s Rooks" s there (s no o)en f(le" $h(lst Bl ck thre tens to (n(t( te strong tt ck $(th PFB;. Aljech(n h s n l!se# * r( t(on of th(s l(ne th(nks le #s f(n ll! to 0h(te's #* nt ge7 3'. BxKt" BxBQ 3;. PFKRO" BxKtQ 3=. KxB" KtxPQ 3>. BxR" BFBMQ 3M. KtFRO" KFK5. . #oubt th t 0h(te 4. PFKO .n th(s less ggress(*e cont(nu t(on" (n $h(ch noth(ng (s (++e#( tel! tte+)te# g (nst Bl ck's centre" 0h(te )re) res gr #u ll! for K(ng's s(#e tt ck" s (n th(s g +e $(th KtFK'F B3FKtO. But Bl ck shoul# obt (n t(+e for o)er t(ons (n the centre. 4. ... 3:. BFB' 33. KKtFK' 3'. PFKR; KtFKR; PFB; KtFBO of )l !" $h(ch he PxP" KtFKt;Q 3O. RxKt" PxRQ 35. c n $(n th(s g +e.

.n + n! * r( t(ons of the Ru! %o)eN" th(s #* nce (s l$ !s goo#" (f Bl ck c nnot *o(# exch ng(ng the ) $n" bec use the 0h(te Kueen's Rook" $h(ch onl! gets (nto )l ! $(th #(ff(cult!" c n e(ther be exch nge# or hol# the Rook's f(le. .n n! c se the Bl ck Kn(ght's ) $n (s $e k for the en#Fg +e. .f" s (n the )resent g +e. Bl ck c n )l ! PFKt=" PFR; (s useless n# e*en #oubtful" s the Rook's ) $n (tself + ! beco+e $e k (n the en#F g +e. 3'. ... BFKt'

Th(s c uses the loss of the g +e. .n the Ru! %o)eN the B(sho) (s ne rl! l$ !s nee#e# on the #( gon l KB3FKR>" to )re*ent Kn(ght fro+ settl(ng t 0h(te's KB=" $h(ch other$(se c nnot be re)elle# exce)t b! PFKKtO" +ost un#es(r ble consu++ t(on. The )ro)er cont(nu t(on $oul# h *e been PFKt=" BFKO" KFB' n# PFK;" c )tur(ng the Kueen's f(le. Co+) re note to +o*e 3O (n the next g +e. 3O. KtFB3 3;. KtFKtO KFB' PFKtO P ge 3O:

M 5 > = ; O ' 3

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF S &R S S S S S &R S &K S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S S &B S &K S S &B S &P S S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S &P S S &KtS &P S S &KtS &P S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S S &P S &P S S &P S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S LP S S S S LP S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S S S LP S LP S S LKtS LKtS S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S S LP S LB S S S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S LR S S LB S LK S LR S S LK S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 335

Here (s the $e kness. 0h(te f(rst )ro*(#es g (nst Bl ck's PFK;" n# then st rts sh r) tt ck on the K(ng's s(#e. 3=. BFKt= PFK; KRFK3

t once (s not fe s(ble" bec use of BxKt. 3>. PxP 35. KFB3 PxP

Th(s br(ngs the K $ ! fro+ her f(le" $h(ch Bl ck coul# no$ secure b! PFK;" follo$e# b! PxP. 35. ... KRFK3 bo*e.

The )ro)er cont(nu t(on (s the one outl(ne# (n the note 3M. PFRO 0h(te h s no$ 3M. 34. ':. '3. ''. 'O. +)le le(sure to )re) re the ... RxR KtFR' PFKB; PFB= KxB RFR3 RxR BFKB3 KtFK3 BxB KFK'

#* nce of h(s KBP.

Bl ck seeks s l* t(on (n exch nges" $h(ch 0h(te" of course" tr(es to *o(#" h *(ng goo# )ros)ects of #r(*(ng ho+e h(s tt ck. H(s )(eces re concentr te# on the K(ng's s(#e" $h(lst the Bl ck forces re sc ttere#" n# un ble to get b ck (n t(+e for the #efence. 9oreo*er" (t (s l(kel! th t the $e kness t Bl ck's KRO n# KBO $(ll )ro*e f t l s the Bl ck KB (s exch nge#. ';. KFR> '=. KFB3 '>. RFB3 KFB3 KFKt' PFKt; n# KtFR>.

0h(te $ s thre ten(ng to )l ! KtFKt; $(th PxP '5. KtFKt; KtFBO P ge 3O3

'M. KtxKtch

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt KxKt nother"

@ne of the tt ck(ng Kn(ghts (s el(+(n te#. But there (s $h(ch forces the entr! t KB> n# KKt>. '4. PFR;

to g (n ccess for the 0h(te Kueen t KR>. .f Bl ck" c )tures there follo$s7 O:. KtFR=" KFK3Q O3. KFR>" KFB3Q O'. KtFB>ch" n (nstruct(*e ex +)le of the $e kness cre te# b! PFKKtO. '4. ... O:. KtFR= O3. PFB> PFRO KFK3

All th(s (s e s! to un#erst n#. O3. O'. OO. O;. O=. O>. ... PxP KtFKt5 BFK3 KtFB= PxBch KFR' BFKt= KFKtO KFK' BxKt Res(gns.

The conclus(on +(ght be7 KFR'Q O5. BFR=" PxPQ OM. KxP" RFKKt3Q O4. BFKt>ch" PxBQ ;:. KFR; + te. GA9E Bo. 3O 0h(te7 Te(ch+ nn. Bl ck7 Schlechter. Ru! %o)eN Hsee ). O5I. 9o*e 3FM s (n G +e Bo. 3'.

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S S &B S &K S S &R S &K S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S S &P S S &B S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S &P S S &KtS &P S S &KtS S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S &P S S S &P S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S S LP S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S LB S LP S S S LKtS S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S S LP S S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S LKtS LB S LK S LR S S LK S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 33M 4. PFKO 3:. BFB' 33. KKtFK' KtFKR; PFB; KFB'

Su))ort(ng" s (t #oes" the KP" th(s (s not lost +o*e" lthough 0h(te h s not )l !e# PFK;. .t )re) res Bl ck's PFK; H fter KtF P ge 3O'

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt BOI" the KP be(ng full! )rotecte# g (nst 0h(te's #ouble b! PxP. 3'. KtFB3 3O. KtFKO KtFBO BFKt'

tt ck

The log(c l +o*e $oul# h *e been BFKO" to enforce PFK;. Bl ck (s then *er! $ell #e*elo)e#" $h(lst 0h(te l bours un#er so+e$h t un#e*elo)e# Kueen's s(#e. An tte+)t to exert )ressure (n the centre $(th PFK; (n or#er to )re*ent Bl ck's PFK; $oul# be bel te#. Bl ck $oul# g (n the #* nt ge b!7 l;. ... KPxPQ 3=. PxP" PxPQ 3>. KtxP" KtxKtQ 35. KxKt" KtFKt=6 Bor $oul# BFKt= before KtFKO be +ore successfulQ fter BFKOQ 3;. KtFKO" KRFK3Q 3=. PFK;" BPxPQ 3>. PxP" PxPQ 35. KtxP" KtxKtQ 3M. KxKt" KFB;" Bl ck h s the better ch nces (n the en#Fg +e. The +o*e (n the text (s not goo# bec use" s $e s $ before" the B(sho) (s $ nte# on the other #( gon l to co*er the sPu re t KB;. 3;. KtFB= 3=. BFKt= E*en no$ (t $ s #es(r ble to )refer ble. 3>. BFKtO The )os(t(on of the 0h(te )(eces )o(nts to the o))os(ng K(ng's s(#e. 3>. ... 35. BFK=66 KtFB3 n# # ngerous +en ce to KRFK3 KtFK' (+ t PFK;" therefore KRFK3 $ s

The beg(nn(ng of br(ll( nt co+b(n t(on. BxKt (s thre tene#" Bl ck +ust f(rst co*er h(s B t K'. 35. ... 3M. BxB KtFKtO KKtxB n# KtxKP.

KKtxB (s not fe s(ble" bec use of BxB 34. BxPch66 ':. KtFKt=ch KxB

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S S S S &R S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S &B S &K S S &KtS &K S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S &P S S &KtS &P S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S &P S &P S S &P S LKtS LKtS S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S S LP S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S LP S LP S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S S S S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S S S LK S LR S S LK S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 334 P ge 3OO

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt Ku(te nu+ber of ch r+(ng co+b(n t(ons re h(##en (n th(s )os(t(on. .f KFKtO or Kt3" then '3. KtxKtP6 .f KFBO 0h(te c n c )ture the RP f(rst $(th check. ':. '3. ''. 'O. ';. ... KFR= KxRPch KxKtch KFKt>666 KFKt3 KtxKt KFB3 KFKt3

The )o(nt. Th(s )re*ents PFKtO" $h(ch $oul# llo$ Bl ck to br(ng u) h(s K for the #efence t Kt'. Bo$ noth(ng c n be #one g (nst the thre ten(ng RFKOFBO or RO. ';. ... '=. RFK O KFK' Res(gns

A $on#erful g +e (n $h(ch Te(ch+ nn" the gre t ju#ge of )os(t(on" )ro*es h(+self lso + ster (n h n#FtoFh n# f(ght(ng" (n the $(l# ch os of s cr(f(c( l co+b(n t(ons. GA9E Bo. 3; 0h(te7 S)(el+ nn. Bl ck7 T rr sch. Ru! %o)eN Hsee ). ;3I. 3. '. O. ;. =. >. PFK; KtFKBO BFKT= BFR; C stles PFK; PFK; KtFKBO PFKRO KtFBO KtFP

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S S &B S &K S &K S &B S S &R S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S &P S &P S &P S S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S &P S S &KtS S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S S &P S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S LB S S S LP S &KtS S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S S S S LKtS S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S LP S S S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S LKtS LB S LK S S LR S LK S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 3': .n g +e bet$een R(g n# Berl(n PxP $ s tr(e# for the f(rst t(+e" bol# *enture $h(ch nt(c() tes 0h(te's #es(re to o)en the K(ng's f(le. After 5. RFK3 Bl ck c n #efen# the Kt b! PFK;" but fter M. KtxP 0h(te thre tens g (n to $(n the Kt b! PFKBO" bes(#es tt ck(ng the KKt secon# t(+e. Ho$e*er" Bl ck h s sur)r(s(ng ns$er (n re #(ness. He (n(t( tes *(olent counter P ge 3O;

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt tt ck $h(ch kee)s 0h(te bus! unt(l Bl ck" b! c stl(ng" esc )es the # ngers of the #ouble )(n. HCo+) re G +e Bo. 35.I >. ... 5. BFKtO M. PFKR; PFKKt; PFK;

Th(s g(*es Bl ck n o))ortun(t! of #(s)os(ng of h(s KKt b! exch ng(ng (t" thereb! en bl(ng h(+ to roun# off h(s ) $n )os(t(on b! PFKB;" t the s +e t(+e thre ten(ng to cut off the B(sho) b! PFB=. M. PxP follo$e# b! PFBO (s the n tur l cont(nu t(on" s sho$n (n the f(rst ) rt of th(s book" bec use the B(sho)" retre t(ng to B'" c n o)er te on useful #( gon l. M. ... KKtxP6

KRFKt3 $oul# not be so goo#" bec use 0h(te obt (ns n o)en f(le for h(s Rook. The +o*e (n the text (s n bsolutel! * l(# #efence" s $ s )ro*e# b! Schlechter (n h(s + tch g (nst % sker. 4. KtxKt 3:. KtFBO PxP n# PFBO see+s 3:. ... Bot PxKt" on PxKt +ore n tur l cont(nu t(on. KtxKt

ccount of BxP. PFKB; BFK'

33. PxKt 3'. RPxP

(n or#er to c stle (n re)l! to BFR;. 3O. KFBO Here 0h(te shoul# h *e got b ck h(s secon# ) $n b! PxKP. .f then 3O. ... PFB=Q 3;. BFR;" C stlesQ 3=. PxP" BxP" 0h(te )l !s PFKBO" )ro*(#(ng retre t for h(s R or B. After the +o*e (n the text th(s + noeu*re beco+es (+)oss(ble" bec use the B fter PFBO c n be tt cke# t$(ce but h s lost the su))ort of the Kueen. 3O. 3;. 3=. 3>. ... RxP PxP BFR' BFKO C stles PFB=

Bo$ the B(sho) (s he++e# (n )er+ nentl!Q (n other $or#s" Bl ck (s )(ece u) n# +ust $(n e s(l!. Therefore 3>. BFR; $ s co+)ulsor! (n or#er to get t n! r te three ) $ns for the )(ece" thus7 3>. ... BFK'Q 35. KxP" RxRQ 3M. PxR" BxBQ 34. KxP. 3>. 35. 3M. 34. ... PxR BFKt3 KFKtO RxR KFR; PFB>

0h(te tr(es to $ork u) n tt ck on the K(ng's s(#e $h(le Bl ck (s st(ll occu)(e# on the other $(ng. 34. ... ':. PFB; '3. RFK3 RFB3 BFKB; BFBO P ge 3O=

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt ''. KFR3 .n or#er to ns$er BxKP b! 'O. BFKO fe s(ble bec use of KxP. ''. 'O. ';. '=. '>. ... PFRO BFKO RFK3 KFK3 PFRO RFKt3 KxP KFRM n# PFR5" ''. ... KxP (s not

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S &R S S S S S &K S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S S S S S &P S &P S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S S S S &B S S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S &P S S &B S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S LP S S LP S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S &P S S LB S S S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S S S LP S S S S LP S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S &K S LB S S LR S LK S S S LK S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 3'3 The sePuel for+s n (nstruct(*e ex +)le of ho$ su)er(or #e*elo)+ent c n ffor# $(nn(ng ch nces e*en $hen there (s no (++e#( te )ros)ect of + ter( l g (n. The o))os(ng )(eces re gr #u ll! constr(cte# unt(l the #efen#(ng l(nes re $e kene# b! co+)ulsor! ) $n +o*es. .n the )resent )os(t(on Bl ck Pu(etl! sets to $ork to br(ng h(s B(sho)s to be r on the 0h(te K(ng. '>. ... '5. KFR' 'M. KFB3 BFK= BFK' t

to free h(s g +e so+e$h t $(th PFB=" $h(ch Bl ck )re*ents once. 'M. ... '4. RFK3 PFB; BFR=

Be(ng )rob bl! short of t(+e" Bl ck + kes fe$ (rrele* nt +o*es. .f h(s (+ $ s not the o)en(ng of the KKt f(le but the subsePuent s cr(f(ce of the Kueen" he +(ght h *e )l !e# KFKt5 t once" follo$e# b! KFKt;. O:. O3. O'. OO. O;. O=. O>. O5. PFKtO BFB' RFB3 RFK3 RFB3 RFK3 KFK' RFKt3 BFK' BFKO KFR' RFKtO BFR> KFKt5 RFKt= RFKtO P ge 3O>

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt @ther$(se 0h(te +(ght e+b rk u)on counter tt ck" beg(nn(ng $(th PFKt;. Bo$ th(s (s (+)oss(ble on ccount of RFKtO. OM. RFK3 O4. KFR= KFKt;

After the exch nge of Kueens" Bl ck $oul# $(n e s(l! b! RFKt5. O4. BFR' lso f (ls on ccount of KxKQ ;:. RxK" RFKt5Q ;3. BFKtO" BFK>6Q ;'. RFK=" BxP" n# the ) sse# ) $n costs Rook. 0(th the text +o*e" 0h(te )ro*okes the s cr(f(ce of the Kueen t Kt M" )) rentl! not see(ng the f(ne cont(nu t(on t Bl ck's #(s)os l on the fort!Ff(rst +o*e. O4. ... ;:. RxK ;3. PFKt; KxB6 RxR

Co+)ulsor!. BFKt3 $oul# be follo$e# b! RFKBM" etc. ;3. ... Res(gns. BFBM66

There +(ght follo$ ;'. KFKtO" PFKtOQ ;O. KFR;" BxPchQ ;;. KxB" PF Kt;ch" n# so on. ;l. ... BFKO $oul# h *e g(*en 0h(te l(ttle res)(te" though h(s g +e $oul# st(ll h *e been ho)eless fter PxP n# RFKM. GA9E Bo. 3= 0h(te7 Aljech(n. Bl ck7 B(e+No$(tsch.

Ru! %o)eN Hsee ). ;3I. 3. '. O. ;. =. >. 5. M. 4. 3:. PFK; KtFKBO BFKt= BFR; C stles PFK; BFKtO PxP PFBO RFK3 PFK; KtFKBO PFKRO KtFBO KtxP PFKKt; PFK; BFKO BFK'

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S S S &K S &K S S S &R S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S S &P S S &B S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S &P S S &KtS S &B S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S &P S S &P S LP S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S S &KtS S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S LB S LP S S S LKtS S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S S S S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S LKtS LB S LK S LR S S LK S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H P ge 3O5

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt ,( g. 3'' Th(s (s one of the +ost (+)ort nt )os(t(ons (n the Ru! %o)eN. Bl ck h s the better #e*elo)+ent" but h(s centre (s less secure. 0h(lst 0h(te h s ) $n secure# (n the centre" Bl ck h s Kn(ght there $h(ch $(ll soon be #r(*en $ !. 0h(te's K;" the b s(s of h(s centre" (s ent(rel! (n h(s h n#s" $h(le Bl ck's K; (s ex)ose# to ste #! )ressure b! the 0h(te )(eces. 1(n ll! Bl ck's K Kt (s unf *our bl! )l ce#" obstruct(ng s (t #oes the KBP n# )re*ent(ng (t fro+ f ll(ng (nto l(ne $(th (ts fello$s. .n Petrogr #" 34:4" % sker tr(e# the follo$(ng ne$ #efence7 KtFB; follo$e# b! BFKt=" g(*(ng u) the +o*es g (ne# before (n or#er to rel(e*e the )ressure on the Bl ck KP n# to exch nge the s +e ult(+ tel! t K=. The * r(ous )oss(b(l(t(es of the )os(t(on h *e been #(scusse# (n connect(on $(th ,( g. ''. .t + ! be ##e# th t fter 3:. ... C stlesQ KKtFK' (s surel! better +o*e th n the usu l KtFK;" s the Kueen's s(#e shoul# be #e*elo)e# before un#ert k(ng n tt ck H33. ... KFK'UQ 3'. KtxB" follo$e# b! RxKtI. 1or long t(+e (t $ s thought th t fter KtFK; Bl ck h # to exch nge Kn(ghts" $h(ch en bles 0h(te to + ke the ) $n t KB5 -b ck$ r#- b! BFKO. 1or Bl ck +ust f(rst )l ! PFKRO to gu r# h(s Kt g (nst the thre t of PFBO n# PFKR;. Ho$e*er" sens t(on l (nno* t(on $h(ch refutes the Kt's +o*e $ s (ntro#uce# (n Bresl u (n 343'. .t (s the follo$(ng s cr(f(ce7 3:. ... C stlesQ 33. KtF K;" KtxKP6Q 3'. PFBO" BFKO66Q 3O. PxKt" BFKt=66Q 3;. KFK'" KFR= $(th n o*er)o$er(ng tt ck. 3:. 33. 3'. 3O. ... BFB' K KtFK' KtFKtO KtFB; BFKt= C stles KtFK=

Here % sker )l !e# KtFKO g (nst 8 no$sk( HP r(s" 343'I" but (t )ro*e# to be (nfer(or" bec use 3;. KFKO #(sorg n(ses Bl ck's K(ng's s(#e forc(bl!. The +o*e (n the text (s not re ll! ) $n s cr(f(ce. After 3;. BxKt" PxBQ 3=. KxK" KRxKQ 3>. KKtFK;" KtxKtQ 35. KtxKt" RFK;" 0h(te c nnot )l ! 3M. RxP" bec use of PFKB;Q 34. KtFB'" BFB; or 34. KtFBO" RFKMchQ ':. KtFK3" BFB;Q '3. RFK'" BFK>Q ''. RFKO" BF Kt;. 3;. BFB; 3=. PxP e.). 3>. KFKO PFB; KtxPHBOI KtFK=U

Th(s loses the KBP" n# $e kens the KP. Bl ck +(ght h *e tr(e# BxKtQ 35. KxB" BFKO. .t $oul# then h *e been )oss(ble to su))ort the KP b! PFBO fter +o*(ng the Kt $ !. .f Bl ck $ s nx(ous to )reser*e h(s t$o B(sho)s he $oul# e*en h *e r(ske# PFKtO. After 35. BFR>" RFB'" the B(sho) coul# h *e been #r(*en $ ! g (n b! the KKt fro+ Kt3 or Kt=. The o)en f(le offere# so+e co+)ens t(on n# ch nces of counter tt ck. 35. BxP Bot KxB bec use of KxPch. 3M. KtFK= 34. BxKt KtxKt BFR= KFK'

RxP (s b # bec use of ':. RxKt" BFKB;Q '3. KFKtO. P ge 3OM

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt ':. BFKtO '3. RPxB BxB BFB;

Bo$ RxP6 $ s fe s(ble $(th le*el g +e fter7 ''. RxKt" BFB;6 'O. KxR" BxRQ ';. K n!" KFB;ch" follo$e# b! BxB. After +(ss(ng th(s ch nce" Bl ck soon loses the g +e. ''. KFK; 'O. KRFK3 ';. KtFK' KRFK3 KFKB' KtxKBP

A l st n# #es)er te tte+)t. Bl ck obt (ns Rook n# ) $n g (nst t$o +(nor )(eces" but h s no t(+e to (n(t( te n tt ck $(th the Rooks. The $(sest )l n $ s to g(*e u) the P" $(th *(e$ to effect(ng the exch nge of the +(nor )(eces" bec use n en#(ng $(th Kueen n# Rooks gener ll! )ro#uces #r $. Bl ck coul# not )l ! KtxKtP (nste # of the +o*e (n the text bec use of '=. BF KtO6. '=. '>. '5. 'M. '4. O:. BxB RxKt BFK>ch BxP KtFK; PFKKtO KtxR KxKtP KFR3 KRFB3 KFR= RFBO ) sse# ) $n" n# s)ee#! $(n.

0h(te no$ obt (ns O3. O'. OO. O;. O=. O>. O5. OM. O4. ;:. ;3. ;'. ;O. ;;.

KFB' KFBO PxK RFK' PFKB; PxP KFB' PFB= PFB> BFB;6 RxR RFK5ch KFKtO KtFB'

KFR; KxK PFKtO RFKtO PxP RFKtMch PFKR; RFKBM KFKt' RxB RxP KFRO RFB= KFKt;

9 te $ s thre tene# b!7 ;=. KtFKt;ch" KFR;Q ;>. RFK=ch" PFKt;Q ;5. RFK> n# RFR> + te Hor (f RxKtch" PxR + teI. ;=. RFK=ch ;>. RxP GA9E Bo. 3> 0h(te7 Y tes. Bl ck7 Gunsberg. KFBO Res(gns

Ru! %o)eN. 3. '. O. ;. =. >. PFK; KtFKBO BFKt= BFR; C stles PFK; PFK; KtFKBO PFKRO KtFBO KtxP PFKKt; P ge 3O4

5. M. 4. 3:.

BFKtO PxP PFKBO BFKO

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt PFK; BFKO BFK'

(n or#er to exch nge the Bl ck Kn(ght (f )l !e# to B;. 3:. ... 33. KKtFK' C stles

.f KFKO" then KtFR;Q 3'. KKtFK'" PFKB;. 33. ... KtxKt

Th(s furthers 0h(te's #e*elo)+ent" n# shoul# not be )l !e# unless there (s no other +o*e * (l ble. To be cons(#ere# re PF B; n# BFKKt=. An rgu+ent g (nst PFB; (s th t 0h(te c n #e)r(*e Bl ck's $e k centre ) $n of one )rotect(ng )(ece H3'. PxP e.)." KtxP HBOIQ 3O. KtFKt=I" n# ex)er(ence h s sho$n th t 0h(te obt (ns the su)er(or g +e. 3'. KxKt 3O. BFB' KtFR; KtFB=

A *er! # ngerous + noeu*re" s 0h(te c n e* #e the exch nge of h(s B(sho) n# the Bl ck Kt #oes not get b ck (n t(+e for the #efence of the K s(#e" $here 0h(te's tt ck beco+es *(rulent. He shoul# h *e )l !e# PFKB; follo$e# b! KtFBO. 3;. 3=. 3>. 35. KFKO BFR> KFK' KtFK; PFKtO KtxKtP RFK3

Bl ck h # )rob bl! nt(c() te# th t 0h(te $oul# be content $(th reg (n(ng h(s ) $n b! BxP" but" $(th f(ne )os(t(on l (ns(ght" he ret (ns h(s B(sho) for the co+(ng onsl ught n# s)ee#(l! concentr tes h(s forces on the K s(#eQ $h(lst Bl ck" $ho h s $on ) $n t the ex)ense of se*er l +o*es" c nnot +ob(l(se n ePu(* lent nu+ber of )(eces (n t(+e for the #efence. 35. ... 3M. PFB; KtFB= BFK'

0h(te $ s thre ten(ng 34. KtFB>" ':. KtxB" '3. BFKt=" ''. BFB>Q 3M. ... KFK' (s not suff(c(ent" s 34. PFB= $oul# follo$. Be(ther c n 3M. ... BFKB; be )l !e# bec use of 34. BFKt=" KFB3Q ':. BFB>. Prefer ble to the text +o*e see+s BFKB3 H34. BFKt=" KFB3Q ':. BF B>" BFKt'I" s then the Bl ck )(eces h *e +ore free#o+ of ct(on. 34. KRFK3 ':. PFK> PFKB;

A br(ll( nt s cr(f(ce to $h(ch no s t(sf ctor! re)l! c n be foun#. 1or (nst nce" ':. ... PxKtQ '3. KFKt;" KtFK>" ''. RxKt" PxRQ 'O. PFB=" BxPQ ';. PxB" PxP" '=. BxP" etc.Q or ';. ... RF KB3Q '=. PxPch" RxPQ '>. KFK>" KFK3Q '5. BxP" etc.Q or 'O. ... PF Kt;Q ';. PxPch" KxPQ '=. KFR=ch" KFKt3Q '>. PFB>" BxPQ '5. BxP" etc.Q or '3. ... BFB;Q ''. PxPch" KxPQ 'O. BxPch" PxBQ ';. PFB=" etc. There re + n! * r( t(ons" ll le #(ng to s)ee#! en#. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S S S &K S &R S S &K S S P ge 3;:

5 > = ; O ' 3

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S S S S &B S &B S &P S S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S &P S S S S LP S S &P S LB S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S S &P S &P S &P S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S S S &KtS LKtS S LP S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S S S LP S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S LP S S LB S S LK S S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S S S S S LR S LR S LK S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 3'O ':. '3. ''. 'O. ... PFKt; PFB= BxP BFKBO PFKt PFK> BxKP

.f PxKP then ';. PxKtP" KtFK;Q '=. RxKt" BxRQ '>. KFR=" KFBOQ '5. RxK" BxRQ 'M. PxPch" KFR3Q '4. KFB5" etc.Q or '>. ... BxPQ '5. BF BM" etc. ';. PxB '=. KFR3 GA9E Bo. 35 0h(te7 Berl(n. Bl ck7 R(g . KFKtOch Res(gns

Ru! %o)eN. 9o*e 3F> s (n G +e Bo. 3>.

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S S &B S &K S &K S &B S S &R S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S &P S &P S &P S S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S &P S S &KtS S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S S &P S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S LB S S S LP S &KtS S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S S S S LKtS S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S LP S S S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S LKtS LB S LK S S LR S LK S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 3'; >. ... PxP P ge 3;3

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt Co+) re note to +o*e Bo. > (n G +e 3;. 5. RFK3 M. KtxP PFK; BFKO

Th(s (s the ke! to the * r( t(on. Bl ck thre tens to obt (n #r $ b! )er)etu l check through BxPch" follo$e# b! KFR=ch n# KxPch. Th(s (s not goo# enough g (nst $e ker o))onent (n tourn +ent" n# strong )l !er c nnot ffor# to )l ! the R(g #efence. But th t (s not )o(nt g (nst the * r( t(on. To )ro*e (t unsoun#" 0h(te h s to f(n# $(n. 4. KtxKt 3:. KFR36 BxPch

After 3:. KFB3 Bl ck h s tre+en#ous tt ck" n# #r(*es (t ho+e before 0h(te c n + n ge to br(ng h(s extr )(ece (nto )l !. A g +e 9 rocN!FBerger H2(enn " 34:MI (s n (llustr t(on of th(s. .t cont(nue# (n th(s $ !7 3:. KFB3" KFR=Q 33. BFKO" C stlesQ 3'. KtF K;" BFKt=Q 3O. KtFKBO" KFR;. Bo$ 0h(te h s no s t(sf ctor! cont(nu t(on. 3;. KtFK' obstructs the Kueen" n# (t (s #(ff(cult to br(ng the Rooks (nto concerte# ct(on. 3;. KtFBO" KRFK3Q 3=. KFKO" BxKtQ 3>. PxB" KxPQ 35. KtxKt" PxKtQ 3M. KFBO" KFR>chQ 34. KFK'" KFKt=chQ ':. KFB3" RFK;Q '3. BFKtO" RFKR;Q ''. PFBO" PxPQ Res(gns. 3:. ... KFR=

.t no$ looks s (f 0h(te $ere lost. But f(ne s cr(f(ce forces the exch nge of ll Bl ck's tt ck(ng )(eces" n# s *es the s(tu t(on. 33. 3'. 3O. 3;. RxKtch KFKMch KtxKch KxB PxR KxK KxKt ...

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S S &B S &K S S S S &R S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S &P S &P S S S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S &P S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S LB S S S S &P S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S LP S S S LP S LP S LK S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S LKtS LB S S S S S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 3'= After the terr(ble sl ughter" the )os(t(on (s so+e$h t cle rer. Bl ck h s Rook n# t$o ) $ns for t$o +(nor )(eces" sl(ght #* nt ge for the en#Fg +e" but s !et there (s no thought of n en#Fg +e. 0h(te" (n )ossess(on of t$o B(sho)s" $(th n o)en Kueen's f(le on $h(ch the Bl ck K(ng st n#s" h s goo# tt ck(ng P ge 3;'

ch nces" 0h(te.

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt n# +ost + sters $oul# th(nk the )os(t(on f *our ble for 3;. ... BFKO

PFKB; (s )l us(ble +o*e" but (s follo$e# b! )rett! + te b! 3=. BFKt=. The +o*e (n the text thre tens to el(+(n te the KB b! PFKB;" PFKKt;. 3=. BFKO 3>. KtFBO 35. PFKKt; PFKB; KFK'

T rr sch reco++en#s 35. RFK3" thre ten(ng KtFK=ch. .f PFBO" 0h(te coul# )l ! 3M. BFKt>" thereb! )er+ nentl! )re*ent(ng Bl ck fro+ contest(ng the Kueen's f(le" n# then tr! to exch nge Bl ck's B b! KtFK'FK;. 0(th t$o B(sho)s" 0h(te $oul# then h *e $(nn(ng ch nces. A subtle (#e un#erl(es 0h(te's +o*e of PFKKt;. He $(shes to t ke #* nt ge of the f ct th t Bl ck h s exch nge# the KB b! )l !(ng PFKt=" thus hol#(ng ll the four ) $ns on the K(ng's s(#e. But Bl ck f(n#s sur)r(s(ng re)l!" $h(ch see+s to refute 0h(te's )l n. C ) bl nc )l !e# g (nst E#. % sker HBe$ York" 343=I" 35. PF KKt;" PFKKtOQ 3M. KFKtO" PFKR;Q 34. PxBP" PFR=chQ ':. KFR'" PxPQ '3. KtFK'" PFKt;Q ''. BFKtO" BxBQ 'O. RPxB" KRFKKt3Q ';. RFK3" KRFK3Q '=. RxR" KxRQ '>. KtFK;" $(nn(ng ) $n. 35. ... 3M. PFKt= PFKKtO KRFKKt366

Bl ck offers the exch nge (n or#er to get r(# of 0h(te's KB. .f 0h(te cce)ts the s cr(f(ce" he loses h(s KKtP" n# Bl ck ret (ns three ) sse# ) $ns for the )(ece" t le st n ePu(* lent for the en#Fg +e. 0h(te shoul# #ecl(ne the #oubtful g(ft n# +eet the thre t of PFRO n# PFKKt; $(th 34. RFKKt3. 34. ':. '3. ''. BFK; BFB>ch BxR RFK3 PFRO KFB' RxB ns$er to PFB;. Th(s ex)l (ns

(n or#er to )l ! 'O. BFK5 (n 0h(te's check t +o*e ':. ''. ... 'O. KFKt'

PxPch KFBO6

.f no$ ';. KtFK=ch" Bl ck $oul# ss (l the 0h(te K(ng $(th KFK;Q '=. KtxP" BFB=FK5FB>. The Bl ck )h l nx of ) $ns beco+es +en c(ng. ';. BFKtO '=. RPxB '>. PFKt; BxB KFKO RFR'

Bl ck nee# no longer fe r to exch nge Rooks" for he $oul# then thre ten the Kueen's s(#e ) $ns $(th h(s K(ng $h(lst the ) sse# ) $ns ke)t the 0h(te forces occu)(e#. '5. KtFK' RFK' P ge 3;O

'M. KtFK;ch '4. PFKBO

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt KFBO PFBO #o)t for$ r#

The (+ of th(s +o*e (s not cle r. Bl ck shoul# )ol(c! $(th PFKt=" PFB=" RFR'" etc. O:. RFKR3 O3. RFRM PFKt=

Bo$ none of the ) $ns c n #* nce7 PFB= $oul# be ns$ere# b! O'. RFKM" RFK'Q OO. RxR" KxRQ O;. KtFKtO n# one of the ) $ns (s lost. O3. O'. OO. O;. O=. O>. O5. OM. O4. ;:. ... KtFK' KtFK; RFBMch RFKM RFK> KtFB' RFK5ch RFK> RFK3 RFK' RFK' RFK' KFKt' PFB= KFB' RFKO RFK' RFKO #* nce

0h(te tr(es to $(n t ll costsFF n# loses. B! forc(ble on the Kueen's s(#e" he cre tes ne$ ch nces" but lso ne$ $e knesses. ;:. ;3. ;'. ;O. ;;. PxP f (ls on ... PFB; RFK; RFK> PFBO KFBO RFK' KFKt; PFK>6 n# RFR'.

ccount of PFB>ch

;;. ... ;=. KtFK3 ;>. PFKt= Too l te. ;>. ;5. ;M. ;4. =:. =3. ='. =O. =;. ... PxBP RFK> KFKt3 KtFB' RxKP KtFK3 RFK' KtFKO Res(gns

PFK5 PFKt>

RFR' PxP RFR5ch RFB5 RxP RFK> RFKt> PFB> PFR;

The RP c nnot be )re*ente# fro+ )ush(ng on to R>" fter $h(ch + te (s thre tene# b! the Bl cKRon the e(ghth r nk. RFK3 $oul# then be co+)ulsor!. But th t lets the Bl ck Rook (n on the se*enth HKRFR5" follo$e# b! PFB5chI. GA9E Bo. 3M. E+ nuel % sker. C ) bl nc . P ge 3;;

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt Ru! %o)eN Hsee ). O5I 3. '. O. ;. =. PFK; KtFKBO BFKt= BxKtK PFK; PFK; KtFKBO PFKRO PxB PxP

0orth! of cons(#er t(on (s7 =. ... BFKKt=Q >PxP" KxKchQ 5. KxK" C stles chQ M. KFK'" RFK3Q 4. PFKRO" BxKtchQ 3:. KxB" PFBOQ $(th goo# g +e. .n th(s o)en(ng Bl ck (s just(f(e# (n ssu+(ng the (n(t( t(*e" s the exch nge" $h(ch h s o)ene# #( gon l for h(s KB" h s furthere# h(s #e*elo)+ent. .f he #oes not #o so" n# conf(nes h(+self to #efen#(ng t +el!" the ch nces re th t he $(ll lose on ccount of 0h(te's + jor(t! of ) $ns on the K(ng's s(#e. >. KxP KxK

Co+)ulsor!. .f BFKO (nste #" 5. BFB; tt cks KB5. BFKO (n re)l! to th t $oul# be (nfer(or. B! exch ng(ng B(sho)s 0h(te $oul# ren#er the Bl ck KP -b ck$ r#"- n# on the o)en f(le (ts c )ture $oul# be (ne*(t ble. 5. KtxK M. KtFKBO BFKO KtFK'

Bl ck )re) res to c stle on the K(ng's s(#e. .t (s +ore usu l" n# )rob bl! stronger" to c stle on the Kueen's s(#e" s the K(ng then )rotects the KBP" $h(ch (n the )resent c se $oul# be $e k (f Bl ck's KB $ere to be exch nge#. 4. 3:. C stles PFB; C stles. RFK3

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S S &B S S &R S S &K S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S &P S &P S S &KtS &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S &P S S &P S &B S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S LKtS LP S LP S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S LKtS S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S LP S S S S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S S LB S S S LR S LK S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 3'> Bl ck llo$s h(s o))onent too +uch l t(tu#e on the K(ng's $(ng. He shoul# )re*ent 0h(te's PFB=" $h(ch obstructs h(s KB" b! PFKB;. After PFK= the g +e $oul# be ePu l(se# b! BFB;" BxKt" n# BFKO. A #r $ $oul# then be )r ct(c ll! cert (n" $(th the B(sho)s of o))os(te colours. Bl ck )rob bl! thought 0h(te $oul# not r(sk $e ken(ng h(s KP b! PFB=. But $(th unf (l(ng ju#g+ent % sker P ge 3;=

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt foresees th t" (n consePuence of the gre ter +ob(l(t! of h(s )(eces" h(s tt ck $(ll be successful before counter tt ck on the $e k KP c n be (nst(tute#. 33. KtFKtO PFBO

E*en no$ PFKB; $ s (+)er t(*e" though (t $oul# kee) the B(sho) fro+ th t sPu re. The cont(nu t(on coul# h *e been 3'. PFK=" BF Kt=Q 3O. KtFK' Hor R;I" KtFK;" n# the B(sho) (s s fe. 3'. PFB=66 Th(s +o*e h s t$ofol# (+. .t shuts (n the B(sho)" BFB;" exch ng(ng the Bl ck KB. 3'. ... PFKKtO n! n# llo$s

The #( gon l KR3FKRM (s the onl! one (n $h(ch the B(sho) h s )ros)ects of ct(on. Ho$e*er" s soon s he rel(nPu(shes h(s )resent #( gon l" 0h(te Kn(ght settles t K> n# the Bl ck Rooks re *er! +uch h +)ere#. 3O. BFB; BFKt'

Bl ck shoul# h *e exch nge# the B(sho)s. Bo$ he gets $e k ) $n t KO. Before )l !(ng BFKt'" PFB; shoul# be )l !e# to )re*ent the Kn(ght gett(ng fro+ KtOFK;FK>. 3;. 3=. 3>. 35. 3M. 34. BxB KtFK; KtFK> KRFK3 RFB' KRFK' PxB KRFK3 RFK' KtFB3 PFKKt;

Th(s hol#s Bl ck's Kt t B3. 0h(te's next +o*e )re*ents the B(sho) gett(ng (nto ct(on b! PFB;. After #e)r(*(ng ll the Bl ck )(eces of the(r +ob(l(t!" 0h(te turns h(s ttent(on to #eter+(ne# ss ult on the Bl ck K(ng. 34. ':. '3. ''. 'O. ';. '=. '>. ... PFKKt; PFKRO KFB' PFKt; RFKO PFKR; PxP KRFK' KFB' BFR3 RFR' PFRO PFKR; PxP RHR'IFK'

There re no )ros)ects on the Rook's f(le" n# Bl ck (s restr(cte# to kee)(ng h(s )(eces +utu ll! )rotecte#. He c nnot )re*ent 0h(te fro+ )enetr t(ng the K(ng's s(#e. '5. 'M. '4. O:. KFBO KFB; RFKtO KFBO RFKt3 PFKtO PFKt;ch

.f Bl ck c )tures the ) $n" he $oul# lose (t g (n forth$(th through 0h(te's RFRO" n# the ) $n t RO $oul# lso be c )ture#. O:. ... O3. PxP KtFKtO RPxP P ge 3;>

O'. RFRO OO. KFKtO

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt RFK'

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &B S S S S S S &R S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S S S &R S S &K S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S &KtS &P S &P S LKtS &P S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S &P S S S S LP S &P S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S LP S S S LP S S LP S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S LKtS S S S LK S LR S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S S S LP S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S LR S S S S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 3'5 The 0h(te K(ng le *es the #( gon l bec use Bl ck's PFB; $oul# (nterfere $(th the co+b(n t(on b! $h(ch 0h(te (nten#s to nn(h(l te Bl ck's g +e (n fe$ +o*es. OO. ... O;. KRFKR3 O=. PFK=66 A be ut(ful f(n l stroke. O=. ... O>. KtFK;66 O5. KtHK>IFB= Bl ck # res not +o*e the Rook on OM. O4. ;:. ;3. ;'. KtxR RFR5ch RFR3 RFRMch KtFB= KPxP KtFK; BFB3 ccount of KtxB BxKt RFB3 KFK3 BFB3 Res(gns n# KtFK>ch. KFK3 BFKt'

9 te (n t$o (s thre tene#. Bl ck's onl! +o*e (s KtFK'" fter $h(ch he (s hel)less" n# 0h(te c n c )ture the ) $ns one b! one t h(s le(sure HRFB5" etc.I. .n th(s g +e" so be ut(full! eng(neere# b! 0h(te" $e h *e further ex +)le of % sker's re+ rk ble gr s) of )os(t(on. GA9E Bo. 34 0h(te7 E#u r# % sker. Bl ck7 8 no$sk(.

1our Kn(ghts' G +e. 3. '. O. ;. PFK; KtFKBO KtFBO BFKt= PFK; KtFKBO KtFBO BFKt= P ge 3;5

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt BFK'Q = C stles" PFKOQ $oul# le # (nto the Ru! %o)eN. =. C stles >. PFKO C stles PFK O

.t (s" of course" better to c stle before )l !(ng PFKO" s the o))onent coul# t once )l ! KtFK= n# ut(l(se the )(n to (n(t( te n (++e#( te tt ck" e.g. =. C stles" PFKOQ >. KtFK=" BFB;Q 5. PF K;" PxPQ M. BFKt=. 5. BFKt= FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S S &B S &K S S &R S &K S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S &P S &P S S S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S &KtS &P S S &KtS S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S LB S S S &P S S LB S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S &B S S S LP S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S LKtS LP S S LKtS S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S LP S S S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S S S LK S S LR S LK S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 3'M. The )os(t(on (s not unl(ke th t (n ,( gr + 4:" n# the s +e re+ rks ))l! to (t. Here BFKO (s (n #*(s ble" bec use PFK;" thre ten(ng to fork t$o )(eces" forces the exch nge of Bl ck's centre ) $n. After 5. ... BFKt=Q M. KtFK=" KtFK=Q 4. BFB;" BFB;" on the other h n#" $e get the )os(t(on #(scusse# on ). 33=" (n $h(ch 0h(te obt (ns the #* nt ge b! KFK'. .nste # of 4. ... BF B;" Bl ck shoul# )l ! KFK' $(th s(+(l r thre t. But he h s not the coo)er t(on of h(s K(ng's B(sho) for the tt ck" n# 0h(te just + n ges to esc )e $(th #r $" e.g. 4. ... KFK'Q 3:. KtxKtch" PxKtQ 33. BxP" PFKROHBxKtQ 3'. PxB" KFR> f (ls on ccount of KFR3 n# RFKKt3IQ 3'. PFBO" KtxKtchQ 3O. PxKt" BFKR;Q 3;. KFR3" KFR' H,( gr + 3'4IQ 3=. RFKKt3. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S S S S S &R S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S &P S &P S &K S S &P S S &K S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S S &P S S LB S S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S S &P S S S &B S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S &B S LB S S LP S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S LP S LP S S LP S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S S S S LP S S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S S S LK S S LR S S LK S P ge 3;M

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 3':. Th(s (s the s *(ng cl use. .f no$ Bl ck h # h(s B t B;" s 0h(te h s (n the corres)on#(ng tt ck" 0h(te $oul# f(rst h *e to )rotect h(s BP $(th 3= KFK'" n# $oul# be lost fter RFKKt3Q 3>. RFKKt3" RFKtOQ s 35. BFR; f (ls bec use of KFR>Q 3M. BFKKtO" RF BOQ n# on the other h n#" fter 35. RxR" PxR Bl ck )l !s RFKB3" tt ck(ng the BP secon# t(+e. 0(th the Bl ck B(sho) t Kt=" ho$e*er" Bl ck #oes not succee#. The cont(nu t(on coul# be l=. ... RFKKt3Q 3>. RFKtO" RFKtOQ 35. BFR;" $(th )rob ble #r $. Th(s l(ne of )l ! (s +ost #(ff(cult for both s(#es" been *o(#e# so f r (n tourn +ents. n# (t h s

.n ,( gr + 3'M the f *our(te cont(nu t(on for + n! !e rs $ s7 5. ... BxKtQ M. PxB" KtFK'. The o)en(ng of the KKt f(le b! 4. BxKKt (s not to be fe re#" bec use of the re sons g(*en $hen #(scuss(ng ,( gr + 4:. But 0h(te obt (ns the #* nt ge $(th 4. KtFR;" )re) r(ng the o)en(ng of the KB f(le b! PFB; n# PxP. 4. ... KtF KtO" (n or#er to ret ke $(th the BP fter 3:. KtxKt n# to o)en the f(le for Bl ck's Rooks" (s not suff(c(ent re)l!" bec use fter 33. PFB; n# PxP 0h(te h s cle r #* nt ge" h *(ng n extr ) $n (n effect for the en#Fg +e. 1or the three Bl ck ) $ns on the K(ng's s(#e re hel# b! the t$o #*erse ) $ns" $h(ch the! c nnot ) ss. The tte+)t to ex)el the troubleso+e B(sho) fter 4. ... KtFK3 b! PFKBO" n# then )l ! for centre b! PFBO" KtFB' n# PFK; f (ls on ccount of the $(ther(ng tt ck $h(ch 0h(te obt (ns on the KB f(le" e.g. 4. ... KtFK3Q 3:. BFKB;" KFR3Q 33. PFB;" PFKBOQ 3'. KF R=" PxBQ 3O. PxP" etc. .n consePuence the #efence b! 5. ... BxKt b n#one#. n# KtFK' h s been

.n the )resent g +e Bl ck re*erts to *er! ol# #efence" co+)r(s(ng the +o*es7 BxKt" KFK'" KtFK3FKO. .t h # been b n#one# bec use 0h(te" b! )l !(ng RFK3" PFK;" n# e*entu ll! BFB3 n# BF RO" forces the exch nge of Bl ck's centre ) $n" n# obt (ns n #* nt ge" on $ellFkno$n groun#s. Here Bl ck strengthens the #efence b! (nter)ol t(ng PFKRO6" fter $h(ch 0h(te +ust co+e to #ec(s(on s to + (nt (n(ng the )(n. .f he #ec(#es to #o so the 0h(te B(sho) $(ll no longer be ble to thre ten the Bl ck Kueen fro+ KRO. 5. ... M. PxB 4. BFKR; BxKt PFKRO

.f the B retre ts to B3 or KO" Bl ck c n #o)t the #efence KtFK'F KtO. Then KtFR; $oul# be (nfer(or" bec use Bl ck c n s(+)l! )l ! PFKKt;. .n th(s c se the #* nce of the ) $ns (s just(f(e#" bec use Bl ck c n br(ng h(s KKt to KKtO n# h *e )r ct(c ll! one )(ece +ore on the K(ng's s(#e" n# goo# )ros)ects for the tt ck $h(ch he c n o)en $(th KFR'" RFKKt3" KtFKtOFB=. 4. ... KFK' P ge 3;4

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt PFKKt; $oul# be )re+ ture. 0h(te $oul# $(n t once b! 3:. KtxKtP" PxKtQ 33. BxP" s he c n tt ck the Kn(ght secon# t(+e b! PFKB; n# PxP before Bl ck c n e(ther )rotect (t suff(c(entl! or rel(e*e the -)(n.3:. 33. 3'. 3O. KFK' PFK; KFKO KxB KtFK3 BFKt= BxKt KtFKO

.t $oul# be $rong to )l ! for the g (n of ) $n $(th PFKKt; n# PxP" e.g. 3O. ... PFKKt;Q 3;. BFKtO" PxPQ 3=. RFK36" PxPQ 3>. PF K=" etc. 3;. BxKt Bl ck's thre t $ s to #e*elo) n #escr(be# t +o*e 4" $(th PFKKt; 3;. ... 3=. KxK 3>. BFB; tt ck" s(+(l r to th t n# KtFB=. KxB PxK

(n or#er to exch nge the Kn(ght" $h(ch (s gener ll! su)er(or to B(sho) (n n en#Fg +e" s +ent(one# before. 3>. ... 35. BxKt 3M. PxP PxP PxB

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S S S S S &R S &K S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S &P S &P S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S S &P S &P S &P S S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S LP S LP S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S S LP S S S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S S S S S LR S LK S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 3O: .n the en#Fg +e thus brought bout the 0h(te Rooks h *e +ore free#o+" s the! c n be +ob(l(se# e s(l! on the th(r# r nk to ct on e(ther $(ng. Bl ck's ) $ns" ho$e*er" re stronger" be(ng e s(l! )rotecte# b! the K(ng" $h(lst 0h(te's $e k ) $ns t KR' n# KB' re t too gre t #(st nce fro+ the K(ngQ therefore 0h(te +ust see to (t th t Bl ck #oes not o)en f(les for h(s Rooks on the Kueen's s(#e. 3M. ... 34. KRFKt3 ':. KRFK3 KRFB3 PFKtO KRFK3 P ge 3=:

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt '3. RFKtO 0h(te +ust no$ llo$ Bl ck to occu)! the KB or K f(le. PFK= Bl ck $oul# s(+)l! )l ! PxPQ ''. PxP" PFBO" $(th #r $. '3. ... ''. RFKtOch PFK; After '3. cert (n

PFKBO $ s the correct +o*e here" (n *(e$ of subsePuent thre ts of + te. ''. 'O. ';. '=. ... PxP RFKRO PFKB;U KFB' RxP PFKR; ) $n. KRFKO $ s the

A +(st ke un#er t(+e )ressure" cost(ng +o*e. '=. '>. '5. 'M. '4. O:. Bot RxP" on O:. O3. O'. OO. O;. O=. ... RFKBO RFKt3 RxKtP PFKRO RFKt= ccount of RFB5" ... RFKKtO PFB; RFKKt; RFKt= PFR; PFKB; KRFK3 RxP RxP RFK5

n# the KKtP c nnot be s *e#. RFHB=IB5 PFB; PFB= PFR; RxP

9 te $ s thre tene# (n O=. ...

fe$ +o*es through RFKB5FBM RFHB5IKt5

n# RHR5IFRM.

.f no$ RFB5" 0h(te $oul# $(n the KBP or obt (n )er)etu l check HO>. RFKKt5ch" follo$e# b! RFKKtMFKBMI. After the +o*e (n the text" 0h(te c n st(ll #r $" s he $(ns b ck h(s ) $n. O>. RxR O5. RxRPU RxR

Th(s c reless +o*e no$ loses the g +e. @f course 0h(te shoul# h *e t ken the BP. .f then PFR=" RFR= hel# the ) $n fro+ beh(n#" lso fter O5. ... KFBOQ OM. RxKRP" PFK;" #r $ $oul# h *e been the result" s the 0h(te BP $oul# soon h *e beco+e thre ten(ng" e.g. O4. RFRM" KFB;Q ;:. PFB=" PFK=Q ;3. PFB>" RFKB5Q ;'. RFKBM" KFKt=Q ;O. PFB5" KxPQ ;;. KFR'" PFK>Q ;=. RFBM" RxPQ ;>. RxPch" KFKt;Q ;5. RFK;" RFB>Q ;M. KFKtO" etc.Q or ;;. RFKM" RxPQ ;=. RxP" KFKt>Q ;>. RFK3" RFB5Q ;5. KFR3" RxPQ ;M. RFKOch" n# so on. O5. ... OM. RxP Res(gns. After RFR= there follo$s PFR5 B>. PFR= PFR> n# RFKtMch" or H(f ;:. KFR 'I PF P ge 3=3

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt GA9E Bo. ': 0h(te7 E#u r# % sker. Bl ck7 Englun#.

1our Kn(ghts' G +e. 3. '. O. ;. =. PFK; KtFKBO KtFBO BFKt= KtxP PFK; KtFKBO KtFBO KtFK=

Bl ck c n no$ get 0h(te's KP b! )l !(ng KFK'" n# +oreo*er exch nge 0h(te's * lu ble B(sho). .nste # of the +o*e (n the text (t (s #*(s ble to ret(re the B(sho) to R; or B;" or else to )l ! =. KtxKt" PxKtQ >. PFK=" PxKtQ 5. PxKt. Bl ck $oul# then )l ! KxP n# not PxKPch" s the l tter +o*e llo$s 0h(te to #e*elo) Pu(ckl!" n# Bl ck h s no t(+e to c stleFFe.g. M. BxP" KxPQ 4. C stles" BFK'Q 3:. BFBO" follo$e# b! RFK3. =. ... >. KtFBO KFK' KtxPU

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S S &B S S &K S &B S S &R S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S &P S &P S &P S &K S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S LB S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S &KtS &KtS S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S LKtS S S LKtS S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S LP S LP S S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S S LB S LK S LK S S S LR S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 3O3. Here KtxB $ s essent( l" follo$e# b! KxP" free(ng the B(sho). After 5. KtxKt" KxPchQ M. KFK'" KxKchQ 4. KxK" KtFK; H3:. PFB;" PFKROI" Bl ck co+)letes h(s #e*elo)+ent l(ttle l ter H3:. RFK3" PFKBOQ 33. KFB3ch" KFB'I" but fter the exch nge of Kueens there (s not +uch to fe r fro+ n (++e#( te tt ck" n# the * lue of the t$o B(sho)s soon sserts (tself. .n + tch g +e E#. % skerF Cole H%on#on" 343OI the cont(nu t(on $ s 3'. PFK;" PFKROQ 3O. KtF BO" KtxKtQ 3;. PxKt" PFK;. Here the #ouble# ) $n (s #(s #* nt ge" (n th t the ) $n t B' (s (++ob(le" n# const ntl! l( ble to be tt cke# b! BFB;. PFKO $ s the better +o*e. 5. C stles KtxKt

Bo$ KtxB $ s no longer )oss(ble. After KtxKKt there $oul# be thre ts of KtxBP s $ell s of RFK3 n# PFKO. The g +e (s l+ost lost for Bl ck t th(s st ge" s the K(ng c nnot esc )e the (+)en#(ng tt ck on the K f(le b! c stl(ng. P ge 3='

M. 4. 3:. 33.

KPxKt KxKt RFK3ch BFKO

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt KtxKtch KFB; BFK' s KFK; $oul# $(n PFK; s Bl ck +ust lose )(ece.

)re*ents c stl(ng" 33. ... 3'. BFKO

0h(te h s the #e*elo)+ent of the B gr t(s" t(+e $(th the Kueen. 3'. ... 3O. BFKB; 3;. KxP66 KFKO KFKBO

Bl ck be(ng beh(n# $(th h(s #e*elo)+ent (s lre #! thre tene# b! s cr(f(c( l co+b(n t(ons. .f he t kes the B(sho) he loses b! 3=. BFKt=ch" KFB3Q 3>. KFKMch6" BxKQ 35. RFKM + te" or l=. ... PFBOQ 3>. BxPch" n# so on. 3;. ... 3=. KFK; 3>. RFKO PFBO BFKO BFKB;

Here Bl ck +(ght h *e c stle# on the Kueen's s(#e" but RFK3 $oul# h *e h # +uch the s +e sePuel s (n the ctu l g +e. 35. BFK= 3M. RFKtO KFRO BFKB3

A sorr! retre t. But fter KFK5" $h(ch + ! h *e been Bl ck's or(g(n l (ntent(on" 0h(te )l !s RFKB3" thre ten(ng BFKB;. 34. RFK3 Th(s +o*e co+)letes 0h(te's #e*elo)+ent" n# onl! see+s to g(*e Bl ck ch nce of c stl(ng. Ho$e*er" Bl ck h s no s t(sf ctor! cont(nu t(on. 34. ... ':. KxPch '3. BFR> GA9E Bo. '3 0h(te7 E#u r# % sker. Bl ck7 Aljech(n. Three Kn(ghts' ,efence. 3. '. O. ;. PFK; KtFKBO KtFBO KtFK= PFK; KtFKBO BFKt= C stlesU PxK 9 te

,e*elo)(ng nother )(ece b! BFKt= or B; $oul# be +ore (n ccor# nce $(th )r(nc()le. ;. ... There $ s thre t of KtxB BFK' n# KtxP. .f Bl ck )l !s PFKO" the B P ge 3=O

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt +ust ret(re ll the s +e fter =. BFKt=. .t see+s best to ret(re the B to K' r ther th n to B; or R;" bec use there re+ (ns the thre t of )(n subsePuentl! b! BFKKt=" $h(ch +(ght beco+e ser(ous $(th the Kn(ght t K=. =. >. 5. M. BFB; PFKO KtxB PFBO KtFBO PFKO KxKt PFKRO

The KKt (s to su))ort the #* nce of PFK; subsePuentl!" n# th t (s $h! Bl ck #oes not $ nt to llo$ (t to be )(nne#. Th(s (s soun# str teg!" s(nce 0h(te h s exch nge# h(s KKt" $h(ch fro+ BO )re*ents PFK; (n the or#(n r! $ !. 4. BFKO 3:. KFK' 33. BFKtO C stles BFKO

The f(rst +(st ke. BFKKt= shoul# be )l !e# to ret r# PFK;. 33. ... 3'. PxB BxB PFK;

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S S S S S &R S &K S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S &P S &P S S &K S &P S &P S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S &KtS S S &KtS S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S &P S &P S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S S LP S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S LP S LP S LP S LB S LKtS S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S S LP S S LK S S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S S S S LK S S S LR S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 3O' 3O. PxP The secon# +(st ke. An(+)ort nt s (t see+s" (t le #s to the loss of the g +e. 0h(te #(# not #efen# the ) $n b! KFB'" bec use (t $oul# h *e )ro*e# 3:. KFK' to h *e been lost +o*e. But g(*(ng u) the centre (s f r gre ter e*(l. Bl ck no$ co++ n#s h(s K= n# KB=" n# th(s en bles h(+ to st rt n tt ck to $h(ch there (s no #efence. The g +e sho$s conclus(*el! ho$ (+)ort nt (t (s to + (nt (n the centre. 3O. 3;. 3=. 3>. ... C stles KR PFKKt; KFK' KtxP PFB; PFKKtO

to )re*ent PFK=" $h(ch $oul# no$ be countere# b! PxP n# KFB;. Ho$e*er" s PFK= c nnot be )re*ente# )er+ nentl!" n# the K +ust +o*e (n n! c se" KFB' $oul# h *e been the better +o*e" s there P ge 3=;

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt the Kueen c nnot be +oleste# b! Rook. 3>. 35. 3M. 34. ... PFKt= BFK' RFR; KFKO KKtFK' KtFKtO KRFK36 $h(lst 0h(te c nnot + ke rt(cul rl! $ell )l ce#" (n the tt ck (n * r(ous los(ng the centre.

Bl ck's g +e (s be ut(full! #e*elo)e#" co+b(ne# effort. The Bl ck Rooks re ) n# thre ten to t ke n effect(*e ) rt $ !s. All th(s (s the outco+e of 0h(te ':. PFKKtO

Though th(s )re*ents KtHK ;IFB=" (t $e kens KBO" $h(ch (s +ore ser(ous s Bl ck thre tens to o)en the f(le b! PFB=. ':. ... KFK'

ll the

.f no$ 0h(te refr (ns fro+ t k(ng the ) $n" Bl ck )l !s PFKR;6 '3. ''. 'O. ';. RxP KtFK; KxP KFK' tt ck PFK= PxP KtFK; PFB= re no$ o)en" n# 0h(te's g +e

All the *enues of coll )ses Pu(ckl!. '=. '>. '5. 'M. '4. O:. O3.

KFR= KFB= KFR3 KtxK RFK3 KtxP KFKt' Res(gns. GA9E Bo. ''

KtFKB O KtFB>ch KxK KtxB KtHBOIFK= KtxBPch PFB>ch

0h(te7 1org cN.

Bl ck7 T rt ko$er.

1rench ,efence Hsee ). ;MI. 3. '. O. ;. =. PFK; PFK; KtFKBO BFKt= PFK= PFKO PFK; KtFKBO BFK' KtFK=

KKtFK' (s better" bec use (t $oul# su))ort the #* nce of PFKB; n# lso be of use e*entu ll! (n n tt ck on 0h(te's centre b! PFKBO. The text +o*e llo$s the exch nge of t$o +(nor )(eces" $h(ch c n onl! be to 0h(te's #* nt ge" s Bl ck c nnot get h(s KB (nto )l !" n# (s for long t(+e )r ct(c ll! )(ece #o$n. >. KtxKt BxB n# coul# h r#l! be hel#

After PxKt the ) $n $oul# be *er! $e k" for long. 5. KtxB KxKt

P ge 3==

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt M. PFKKtO To be ble to )l ! PFKB; before #e*elo)(ng the Kt Hsee ). ;4I. M. 4. 3:. 33. 3'. 3O. 3;. 3=. 3>. ... PFKBO PFKB; KFK' KtFBO BFKO BFB' C stles KR K RFK3 PFKB; KtFBO KFK' BFK' C stles KR PFB= PFKKt; PFKt' PFKR;

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S S S S S &R S &K S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S S S &B S &K S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S &KtS S &P S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S &P S S S &P S LP S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S &P S &P S LP S S LP S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S LP S S S LKtS LP S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S LB S LK S S S S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S S LR S LR S LK S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 3OO So f r the g +e (s e s! to un#erst n# (n the l(ght of the re+ rks + #e on ) ge ;;" $hen tre t(ng of the o)en(ngs. The cont(nu t(on sho$s (n n (nstruct(*e f sh(on th t 0h(te's tt ck (s the +ore effect(*e" be(ng #(recte# g (nst the K(ng's s(#e. 35. PFB=6 KPxP

Th(s s cr(f(ce of ) $n (n conjunct(on $(th secon# s cr(f(ce on the next +o*e" )ro#uces co+b(n t(on of r re be ut!. 3M. PFKt;66 PxP

.f Bl ck #(# not c )ture 0h(te $oul#. .n e(ther c se the stor+(ng of the )os(t(on b! ) $ns ch(e*es (ts object n# the l(nes of tt ck re free for the )(eces. 34. KtFKt= PFKtO

Bo$ th t 0h(te h s + #e n o)en(ng for h(+self t KB>" the rest (s e s!. 34. ... PFRO (s of no * (l. The sePuel +(ght h *e been7 ': KtFR 5" KRFK3Q '3 KtFB>ch" fter $h(ch 0h(te $(ns fter e(ther PxKtQ '' KxP" or KFR3 KtxP. ':. RFB> KFKt'

Bl ck gets no bre th(ng s) ce. .f PFRO" then '3 BxP. '3. KRFKB3 BFK3 P ge 3=>

''. 'O. ';. '=. Hel)6 '=. '>. '5. 'M.

KFB; PFK> KFK= KRFB=

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt KtFK3 RFRO KFRO

... KtFB5ch RFR=ch RxKtP + te

BPxP KxKt KFKt'

GA9E Bo. 'O 0h(te7 Y tes. Bl ck7 Esser.

1rench ,efence. 3. '. O. ;. =. PFK; PFK; KtFKBO BFKt= BxKt PFKO PFK; KtFKBO PxP PxB

.f the Kueen rec )tures" 0h(te obt (ns too gre t n #* nt ge (n #e*elo)+ent" n# therefore Bl ck sub+(ts to the #oubl(ng of h(s ) $ns. .t (s #oubtful (f th(s +e ns h n#(c )" lthough the K(ng's s(#e gets broken u). 1or Bl ck kee)s h(s t$o B(sho)s" )o$erful $e )on" unless 0h(te succee#s (n #e*elo)(ng s$(ftl! n tt ck on the K(ng's s(#e. The )resent g +e (s (nstruct(*e n# sho$s the ch nces ffor#e# to both s(#es b! the )os(t(on brought bout b! the exch nge t KB>. >. KtxP PFKB; s

As the KB obt (ns long #( gon l t Kt'" th(s #* nce (s just(f(e#. @ther$(se there $oul# be strong object(ons to (t" the ) $n (s l(kel! to be subjecte# to tt ck" n# ) rt fro+ th t" (t g(*es u) co++ n# of Bl ck's K;. 5. KtFKBO

KtFKtO $oul# see+ +ore n tur l" f(rstl!" bec use Bl ck h s $e knesses on the K s(#e" n# 0h(te $(ll nee# h(s )(eces for tt ck (n th t Pu rter" n# secon#l!" bec use the KP ought to be su))orte# b! PFBO" s Bl ck $(ll tt ck (t b! BFKt'. 5. ... M. KtFBO 4. BFB; BFKt' C stles

.f no$ the Kn(ght $ere t KtO" 0h(te coul# )l ! PFBO n# BKO. Th(s (s the )ro)er )l ce for the B" $h(ch +(ght obt (n n o)en #( gon l fter PFKKt;. 4. 3:. 33. 3'. ... KtFK' BFKO PFBO KtFBO KtFR; PFB; PFKB=

PFKtO see+s )refer ble" s the text +o*e rele ses the hol# on 0h(te's K;. The (sol te# ) $n result(ng fter 3O. PxP (s not to P ge 3=5

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt be fe re#" s the B t Kt' $oul# h *e gre ter eff(c(enc! HKRF Kt3I" n# 0h(te $oul# not be so f(r+l! est bl(she# (n the centre. 3O. BFB' 3;. KFK' PFKt;

There no$ ensues n (nterest(ng struggle. 0h(te bu(l#s u) n tt ck $(th K n# both Kn(ghts n# e*entu ll! the B HPFKKt;I. .f Bl ck c n + n ge to )l ! h(s K(ng (nto s fet! t R3 (n t(+e" n# then occu)(es the Kt f(le $(th h(s Rooks" he $oul# h *e the better of (t" h(s )(eces h *(ng b! f r the gre ter r nge of ct(on. 3;. ... 3=. KFB; KFR3 BFKt' KFBO

n# KRFKt3 +(ght be cons(#ere#. 3>. KtFKtO 35. KFB5 3M. KFK= BFKRO KFK3

0h(te g (ns +o*e b! tt ck(ng the Kn(ght's P $n. .t + ! see+ f r fetche# (f . no$ )o(nt out th t th(s coul# not h *e h ))ene# (f fro+ the f(rst Bl ck h # g(*en )reference to the ) $n for+ t(on t KKtO n# B; (nste # of Kt; n# B=" though the $hole g +e $oul# l+ost cert (nl! h *e t ken #(fferent course. St(ll" $hen #* nc(ng ) $n (nto n un)rotecte# )os(t(on there l$ !s (s the r(sk of (ts beco+(ng the object of n tt ck t n o))ortune +o+ent" n# $hene*er the )l n of #e*elo)+ent #oes not necess(t te such +o*es the! re best *o(#e#. 3M. ... 34. KtFR= ':. KFKtOchUU BFK; KtFBOU

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S S S &K S S &R S &K S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S S S S S &P S S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S &KtS S &P S S S &B S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S &P S S &B S S &P S S LKtS SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S &P S LP S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S LP S S S LKtS LK S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S LB S S S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S S S S LK S S S LR S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 3O; The l st +o*es h *e #ec(#e# the g +e. Both )l !ers h *e o*erlooke# th t ':. KFB> $oul# h *e $on ) $n t le st HKxK" '3. KtxKch $(th KtxB n# BxPI. ':. ... BxKt le #s to n (++e#( te loss b! '3. KxB" BxKtQ ''. KxB follo$e# b! PFKKt;6 $(th n o*er$hel+(ng tt ck. P ge 3=M

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt .nste # of 34. ... KtFBO" Bl ck shoul# h *e )l !e# PFBO" follo$e# b! KFR3 n# the occu) t(on of the Kt f(le b! the Rooks. 0h(te's l st +o*e llo$s h(+ to #e th(s $(th e*en gre ter effect. ':. ... '3. KFRO KFR3 RFKKt3

Bl ck h s no$ )re)on#er nce of + ter( l on the f(el# of b ttle" n# (t c n be conclu#e# offFh n# th t 0h(te" not be(ng ble to br(ng h(s Rooks (nto )l !" +ust lose. ''. KtFKtO 'O. KFB3 KFK' (s #efence. KFBO n! #ePu te

sh #e better. But there (s no longer 'O. ... ';. RFK3 '=. KtFK= RFKt= KRFKKt3

Bl ck $ s thre ten(ng BxKt" follo$e# b! RFR= '=. '>. '5. 'M. KxK ... PxKt KFR= KFKt3 KtxKt KFKt; BxPch RxKtU n# effect(*e. BxR BxK RFK3

n# PFB=

n# BFK=ch $ s s(+)le '4. O:. O3. O'. RPxR KxK KxB PFB;

RFK3 (s +uch +ore )ro+(s(ng" lthough (t +e ns the loss of ) $n HRxR n# BFBM" etc.I. 0(th B(sho)s of #(fferent colour the g +e (s not e s! to $(n e*en no$. O'. OO. O;. O=. O>. ... PxB RFK3 RFK5 RxRP RFK5 RxB RxKtP KFKt' RFKB5 t once. RFKKt5 gon! l(ttle longer.

He coul# h *e )l !e# PFKt= O5. RFR= OM. PFR;

RFRO $oul# onl! h *e #r $n out the OM. ... Res(gns. GA9E Bo. '; PFKt=

0h(te7 Atk(ns. Bl ck7 B rr!. 1rench ,efence. 3. PFK; PFKO P ge 3=4

'. O. ;. =. >.

PFK; KtFKBO BFKt= PFK= BxB

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt PFK; KtFKBO BFK' KKtFK' KxB

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S &KtS &B S S &K S S S &R S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S &P S &P S &KtS &K S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S S S &P S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S &P S LP S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S LP S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S LKtS S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S LP S S S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S S S LK S LK S LB S LKtS LR S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 3O=. 5. KtFKt= The (ntent(on (s to strengthen the centre b! PFKBO. Though (t t kes nu+ber of +o*es to br(ng the Kn(ght (nto )l ! g (n" !et +ost of the tourn +ent g +es (n th(s * r( t(on h *e been $on b! 0h(te" +ostl! through K(ng's s(#e tt ck on the l(nes set out (n the notes to G +e Bo. ''. .n*est(g t(ons b! Al )(n ten# to sho$ th t th(s (s #ue to the f ct th t Bl ck (n ll c ses #e*ote# h(s ttent(on to Kueen's s(#e o)er t(ons Hjust s (n G +e Bo. ''I $hen he coul# h *e ut(l(se# 0h(te's b ck$ r# #e*elo)+ent" b! h(+self st rt(ng counter tt ck on the K(ng's s(#e. He c n then e(ther (+ t the 0h(te centre t once $(th PFKBO" or else )l ! PFKB; n# )re) re the #* nce of the KKtP b! KtFBOFK3FB'. These * r(ous l(nes of )l ! re st(ll un#er #(scuss(on. S(+)le #e*elo)+ent (s )rob bl! )refer ble to the +o*e (n the text" e.g. 5. BFKO" C stlesQ M. PFB;" PFKB;Q 4. KtFBO. 5. ... KFK3

There c n be no #* nt ge (n forfe(t(ng the o)t(on of c stl(ng unless there be no other $ ! of gett(ng the K(ng (nto s fet! n# of br(ng(ng the Rooks (nto concerte# ct(on. .t (s ob*(ous th t other$(se the free #e*elo)+ent of )(eces (s h(n#ere#" n# the K(ng (s (n ))rec( ble # nger" for (t (s e s(er to o)en f(les (n the centre th n on the $(ngs $here the ) $ns h *e not #* nce# !et. Therefore KtFKtO (s the onl! +o*e $orth cons(#er(ng. M. PFKBO 4. PxP PFKBO

0(th the Bl ck K(ng re+ (n(ng (n the centre" 0h(te h s no further (nterest (n the + (nten nce of h(s ) $n t K=. @n the contr r! he $(ll tr! to cle r the centre. 4. ... 3:. KFK' PxP PFBO P ge 3>:

33. KtFKRO

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt KtFB3

At th(s e rl! st ge (t (s cle r th t Bl ck $(ll h *e to conten# $(th #(ff(cult(es (n tr!(ng to co+)lete h(s #e*elo)+ent. The usu l $ ! HPFKB;I (s b rre# on ccount of the # ngers to Bl ck's K(ng $(th $h(ch cle r nce (n the centre (s fr ught. 3'. KtFBO 3O. PFKKtO6 BFK'

As Bl ck c n force th(s #* nce t n! t(+e b! )l !(ng RFKKt3" 0h(te #ec(#es to #e*elo) h(s KB t Kt'" thereb! co*er(ng h(s KBO n# KRO. The $e kness of the l tter sPu res $oul# not be of n! gre t +o+ent (f 0h(te $ere to c stle on the Kueen's $(ng. But s PFKB; (s necess r! (n or#er to bre k u) the centre" c stl(ng KR (s the r(ght course. 3O. 3;. 3=. 3>. 35. 3M. 34. ':. '3. ''. ... BFKt' PFB; KtxP KtxKt C stles KR KRFK3 KFBO KtFK' PFKR;6 BFK3 KKtFK' PxP KtFKKtO PxKt KtFKtO BFK' RFK3 KFB3

0h(te $(shes to get r(# of the ) $n t Bl ck's KtO" (n or#er to bre k (n $(th h(s Kn(ght t B=. Bl ck h s no +e ns of )re*ent(ng th(s" n# soon succu+bs to the o*er$hel+(ng rr ! of 0h(te forces. ''. 'O. ';. '=. '>. '5. 'M. '4. O:. ... PFR= KtFKtO BxKt RxRch KtFB= RFK3 KFKO KFB;ch KtFK' PFKKt; KtFK; KPxB BxR KFB' KFB' BFK' Res(gns.

.f KFK3" O3. KtxPch follo$e# b! KtFK>ch. .f KFB3 0h(te $(ns b! O3. KFK> n# RFK5. GA9E B@. '= 0h(te7 E+ nuel % sker. Bl ck7 T rr sch.

1rench ,efence. 3. '. O. ;. PFK; PFK; KtFKBO BFKt= PFKO PFK; KtFKBO BFKt=

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S &KtS &B S &K S &K S S S &R S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S &P S &P S S S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS P ge 3>3

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt > S S S S S &P S &KtS S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S &P S S S LB S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S &B S S LP S LP S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S LKtS S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S LP S S S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S S S LK S LK S LB S LKtS LR S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 3O> Th(s l(ne of #efence" c lle# the 9cCutcheon * r( t(on" $ s reco++en#e# for + n! !e rs b! T rr sch s be(ng the strongest. The +ost ob*(ous cont(nu t(on =. PFK= le #s to co+)l(c t(ons" n# the f(n l *er#(ct h s not !et been re che#. After =. ... PFKRO" the best cont(nu t(on (s thought to be7 >. PxKt" PxBQ 5. PxP" RF Kt3Q M. PFKR;" PxPQ 4. KFR=" KFBOQ 3:. KxRP" KxP. 0h(te h s n e s! #e*elo)+ent" $h(lst Bl ck" s (n +ost * r( t(ons (n the 1rench #efence" f(n#s (t #(ff(cult to br(ng h(s KB (nto )l !. After PFKRO" (t (s not #*(s ble to ret(re the B(sho)Q >. BFR;" PFKKt;Q 5. BFKtO" for here the B(sho) (s out of )l !" n# Bl ck's K(ng's Kn(ght be(ng free c n )l ! to K= for concerte# ct(on $(th Bl ck's KB. % sker's cont(nu t(on (n the )resent (nst nce (s t once s(+)le n# effect(*e. .t le #s to n ent(rel! #(fferent s!ste+ of #e*elo)+ent. =. PxP KxP

.f Bl ck rec )tures $(th the ) $n" he +ust lose +o*e $(th the B(sho) (n or#er to *o(# gett(ng n (sol te# #ouble# ) $n fter >. KFBO. The #ouble# ) $n $h(ch Bl ck + ! get fter the +o*e (n the text $oul# not be (sol te#" n# therefore not necess r(l! $e k. .t coul# beco+e $e kness (f Bl ck $ere to c stle on the K(ng's s(#e. But other$(se (t +(ght e*en beco+e source of strength" su))ort(ng" s (t $oul#" n #* nce of Bl ck's KP g (nst the 0h(te centre. >. KtFBO PFB;U

Bl ck shoul# ret (n the o)t(on of c stl(ng KR" (n c se 0h(te exch nges t h(s KB>Q PFKKtO n# BFKt' $oul# h *e been better. 5. M. 4. 3:. 33. 3'. BxKt KFK' KxB RFK3 PxP KFK' PxB BxKt KtFK' RFKKt3 KxP KFKtO

gu r#(ng g (nst the + te t K3 before +o*(ng the Kt. But th(s $oul# h *e been better effecte# b! KFK'. After KFKtO the Kn(ght c nnot +o*e !et bec use of BFKt=ch. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S S &B S S &K S S &R S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S &P S S &KtS S &P S S &P S P ge 3>'

> = ; O ' 3

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S S &K S S S &P S &P S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S S S S S S LKtS S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S LP S LP S LP S LK S S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S S S S LR S LK S LB S S LR S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 3O5 3O. 3;. 3=. 3>. PFBO KFB' PFKKtO BFKt' PFKRO PFB; KtFB; KFB' t

Bl ck $(shes to )ush on the KP. 0h(te" ho$e*er" )re*ents th(s once. 35. KFK' 3M. C stles PFKt; BFKt'

The Bl ck )os(t(on h s n! nu+ber of $e knesses. The K(ng c nnot c stle (nto s fet!Q the ) $n )os(t(on (s full of holes" n# o)en to tt ck. 0h(te t kes full #* nt ge of th(s n# $(ns (n + sterl! f sh(on $(th fe$ strokes. 34. PFB; ':. KFK' PFKt= RFKt3 But he #oes

Bo$ 0h(te c nnot c )ture the KtP bec use of BxKt. not $ nt the ) $n" he $ nts the K(ng. '3. ''. 'O. ';. '=. KFR> BxB KRFK3 KFB; KFK> BxKt KFK; KxP KRFB3 PFBO

9 te (n t$o $ s thre tene# HBFB>ch" etc.I. '>. BFR=ch '5. BxRch 'M. RxPch RFKtO PxB Res(gns.

GA9E Bo. '> 0h(te7 C ) bl nc . Bl ck7 Bl nco

1rench ,efence. 3. '. O. ;. =. PFK; PFK; KtFKBO KtxP KtFKBO PFKO PFK; PxP KtFK' KKtFBO P ge 3>O

>. KtxKtch 5. KtFK=

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt KtxKt t Kt'.

Th(s crosses Bl ck's )l n of #e*elo)(ng the KB 5. ... M. KFBO BFKO PFBO

4. BFKt=ch" PFBOQ 3:. KtxP $ s thre tene#. 4. PFBO 3:. BFKKt= 33. BFKO C stles BFK'

0h te*er Bl ck )l !s no$" he +ust cre te so+e $e kness (n or#er to )ro*(#e g (nst 0h(te's KFRO" BxKt" KxRP" n# 0h(te's tt ck +ust succee#. The $hole of Bl ck's )l n (s thus frustr te#" s the onl! re son for b n#on(ng the centre b! PxP $ s the occu) t(on of the long #( gon l b! the KB. Bo$ the Kueen's s(#e )(eces c nnot get (nto )l ! $(thout +uch #(ff(cult!" n# b! the t(+e the! h *e succee#e# (t (s too l te. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S S &B S &K S S &R S &K S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S &P S S S &B S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S &P S S &P S &KtS S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S S LKtS S LB S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S LP S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S LP S LB S S LK S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S S S S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S S S S LK S S S LR S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 3OM. 33. ... KtFK3

.nten#(ng to (nterce)t the #( gon l of the 0h(te KB b! PFKB;. .f Bl ck )l !s PFKKtO $(th the s +e (ntent(on" 0h(te )l !s PFKR;F= n# PxP" n# br(ngs the Rook (nto )l !. 3'. KFRO PFKB;

PFKRO $oul# le # to n (++e#( te #(s ster7 3O. BxP" PxBQ 3;. KxRP" PFKB;Q 3=. PFKKt;. The +o*e (n the text *o(#s the (++e#( te tt ck on the K(ng" but the K(ng's P $n (s no$ -b ck$ r#"- n# 0h(te (++e#( tel! f stens on th(s $e kness. 3O. 3;. 3=. 3>. 35. 3M. 34. BxB C stles KR KRFK3 RFK' KRFK3 PFKB; PFK= KxB RFBO KtFKO BFK' RFK3 KtFB' KtxKt P ge 3>;

':. RxKt '3. BxP $ s thre tene#. '3. ''. 'O. ';. '=. KFR; KFK; KFBO PxP BFK'

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt PFKKtO

KFKt' PFB; PFKtO BFB3

The B(sho) no$ settles t K=" n# $hether Bl ck t kes the ) $n or not" he (s ) r l!se# e(ther b! the ) $n (tself" or the )(n of the B(sho) (f the ) $n (s t ken. '=. '>. '5. 'M. '4. O:. ... BFBO BFK= KFKO KFR> PFKR; BxP KFB' KFKO RFK' KFKt3

The #ec(#(ng + noeu*re" te r(ng u) the ch (n of ) $ns (n front of the K. O:. O3. O'. OO. ... PFR= PxP RxB PFKRO PFB= PxP Res(gns. )(ece. A be ut(full!

After RxR" O;. RxR" RxRQ O=. KxPch $(ns conc(se g +e. GA9E B@. '5 0h(te7 B(e+No$(tsch. Bl ck7 T rr sch. 3. PFK; PFKB;

1rench ,efence.

Th(s o)en(ng (s c lle# the S(c(l( n ,efence. 0h(te" ho$e*er" #o)ts cont(nu t(on $h(ch le #s (nto * r( t(on of the 1rench ,efence. '. O. ;. =. >. PFKBO PFK; PFK= KtFBO BFKO PFKO PFK; KtFKBO KFKtO PxP

Bl ck seeks to #e+onstr te th t 0h(te's KP (s $e k. The )resent g +e" ho$e*er" see+s to )ro*e th t 0h(te (s ble to gu r# (t #ePu tel!" thus )er+ nentl! su))ort(ng the KP too. .t $oul# therefore ))e r to be better to tt ck the KP (tself" n# to )l ! PFBO on the f(fth +o*e. Bo$ BFK' $oul# be better th n the text +o*e. As 0h(te c nnot g(*e further su))ort to h(s K;" he $oul# h *e to )l ! PxP" n# the )rotect(on of the K= $oul# h *e to be un#ert ken b! )(eces" $h(ch (s not #es(r ble. 5. PxP BFK'

Bot KtxP" M. KtxKt" KxKt" bec use of BFKt=ch. M. BFK' P ge 3>=

The B c nnot go to B' on M. ... 4. PFKKtO 3:. BFKt'

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt ccount of KtFKt= n# BFKt;. KKtFK' KtFB;

Bo$ 0h(te's centre (s s fe fro+ further tt cks. True" 0h(te h s forfe(te# c stl(ng" but s he #o+(n tes the K(ng's s(#e" $here Bl ck c nnot un#ert ke n!th(ng" there (s no h r+ (n PFKtO" )re) r tor! to - rt(f(c( l c stl(ng.3:. ... 33. KFB3 ,(recte# follo$. BFKt=ch BFK'

g (nst 3'. PFKt;" #r(*(ng off the Kt. Bo$ KtFR= $oul# 3'. PFKtO PFKR;

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S S S S &K S S S &R S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S &P S S &B S &B S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S &K S &KtS S &P S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S &P S S S &P S LP S &KtS S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S LP S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S LP S S S S LKtS LP S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LB S S S LB S LP S S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S LKtS S LK S S LK S S LR S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 3O4 Th(s + noeu*re (s un$(seQ 0h(te counters $(th 3O. PFKR;" +o*e $h(ch $ s necess r! (n n! c se" (n or#er to #e*elo) the KKt *( RO" th(s be(ng the Kn(ght's onl! ch nce of gett(ng (nto )l !" bec use" s long s the KP (s tt cke# three t(+es the l(nes of B n# K +ust not be (nterru)te#. Th t (s $e kness (n 0h(te's g +e" n# (t $ s necess r! for Bl ck to )re*ent h(s Kt be(ng #r(*en off b! PFKKt;. PFKR; $ s the correct +o*e. Then 0h(te lso h # to )l ! PFKR; to )re*ent PFKKt;F=" (n $h(ch c se Bl ck coul# h *e )l !e# lO. ... PFKKtO" n# h *e brought h(s Rooks (nto concerte# ct(on. PFKKtO $oul# h *e been necess r! before c stl(ng" bec use 0h(te's BFKO $oul# h *e tt cke# the KKt. The l tter coul# not then c )ture the Kueen's P $n on ccount of #(sco*ere# check" e.g. l'. ... C stlesQ 3O BFKO" KtxPUQ 3; KtxKt" KtxKtQ 3= BxKt" KxBUQ 3> BFR5ch" n# KxK. .n ,( gr + 3O4 Bl ck's PFKR; (s not onl! lost +o*e" but +oreo*er llo$s 0h(te )(ece to settle )er+ nentl! t KKt=. .t lso )re*ents the Kn(ght fro+ )l !(ng to KR;" fro+ $here 0h(te's PFKR; coul# be ns$ere# b! KtFKt> e*entu ll!. 3O. PFKR; 3;. BFKt= RFKB3 KtFKt= P ge 3>>

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt All these sk(r+(shes onl! result (n the exch nge of )(eces" n# s long s Bl ck's KR(s out of )l ! th(s c n onl! be of #* nt ge to 0h(te. 3=. KtFBO KtFKRO

Th(s (s (n or#er to #r(*e off the B. Bl ck shoul# h *e exch nge# h(s o$n (n ct(*e KB" s the 0h(te B +(ght beco+e effect(*e on the ,( gon l KKt3FKR5" $h(lst Bl ck's KB h s no future. 3>. KFKt' 35. BFK' KtFB' BFKt=

Bl ck c nnot !et c stle" bec use of 3M. BFKO KtFKRO" 34. BFKB3I. 3M. 34. ':. '3. ''. KtFR' BFKO RFKB3 KtxB BFKt3 KtFKRO KtFK' KtFBO KKtxKt

0h(te's l st e(ght +o*es co+)lete# h(s #e*elo)+ent" n# h(s B(sho)s l(e (n $ (t for the tt ck on the Bl ck K(ng. 9e n$h(le Bl ck h s effecte# noth(ng. @n the contr r!" he FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S &R S S &K S S S &R S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S &P S S &B S S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S &K S &KtS S &P S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S &P S S S &P S LP S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S LP S &KtS S LP S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S LP S S S S LKtS LP S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S S LB S S S S LP S LK S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S LB S LR S LK S S S S LR S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 3;: h s exch nge# h(s * lu ble KB" n# lso llo$e# h(s KKt to be #r(*en off. H(s K(ng's s(#e (s b re" n# c stl(ng $oul# be fr ught $(th # nger. .f Bl ck c stles no$" 0h(te )l !s KtFKt=" n# Bl ck +ust $e ken h(s )os(t(on b! PFRO or PFKtO" n# 0h(te $oul# #* nce h(s KtP or RP n# force n exch nge" o)en(ng f(le for h(s Rook. .n consePuence Bl ck #ec(#es to forfe(t c stl(ng n# to br(ng h(s KR to be r on the KB f(le. 1or th(s lso Bl ck +ust f(rst )l ! PFRO" n# 0h(te obt (ns n o)en f(le b! PFKt;F Kt=. The sePuel (s sho$n here. ''. 'O. ';. '=. ... PFKt; RxRch KtFK3 PFRO KtFK' BxR

0h(te $ (ts f(rst" to see $hether Bl ck (s go(ng to c stle" n# +e n$h(le tr(es to exch nge Bl ck's KKt" $h(ch co++ n#s h(s KB' P ge 3>5

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt n# KO. '=. '>. '5. 'M. '4. O:. O3. O'. OO. ... KtFKO KtxKt PxP BFB3 PFKt= BxP BFKO KFKt; RFB3 PFBO KxKt RxP KtFBO PxP RFB3 KFK'

Th(s )ro*(#es g (nst Bl ck tte+)t(ng to free h(s B(sho) b! PF K;. Bl ck's BFK' (s countere# b! BFKt>ch. 0h(te ne$ $(ns sur)r(s(ngl! Pu(ckl!" through the gre ter +ob(l(t! of h(s )(eces. OO. ... O;. RFKt3 O=. KFR3 KFBO RFR3 RFR=

Here Bl ck coul# h *e hel# out l(ttle longer b! #efen#(ng h(s KtP7 O=. ... KFB3Q O>. RFKtO" RFR=Q O5. KFK3" KFKt3Q OM. BFKt=" KxP HRxP" O4. KFR=IQ O4. RFKO" KxPQ ;:. BxR" KxB. O>. KFKtO RxP n# fter RFR3" KxP" KxK" RxK"

Co+)ulsor!. BFKt= $ s thre tene#" the RP $(ns e s(l!. O5. OM. O4. ;:. ;3. BxR KxP KFKt' RxK PFR;

KtxB KFB>ch KxKch KtxP Res(gns.

GA9E Bo. 'M 0h(te7 Al )(n. Bl ck7 Rub(nste(n.

S(c(l( n ,efence. 3. PFK; PFKB;

At f(rst gl nce th(s +o*e $oul# see+ to lose t(+e" s (t #oes noth(ng to$ r#s the + (n object of o)en(ng str teg!" n +el!" the #e*elo)+ent of )(eces. But $e sh ll f(n# th t (t #oes contr(bute to th t (+" lthough (n#(rectl!. 1or one th(ng (t coul#" b! tr ns)os(t(on of +o*es" le # (nto n o)en(ng (n $h(ch PFKB; (s )l !e# (n n! c seQ (n other o)en(ngs (t (s of use" (n th t (t cts fro+ the f(rst g (nst the for+ t(on of strong $h(te centre. Concurrentl! (t )re) res the o)en(ng of f(le for the Rooks. '. KtFKBO KtFKBOU

Bl ck shoul# not )l ! KtFKBO s long s 0h(te's PFK= +e ns the cle r g (n of +o*e. There re )lent! of #e*elo)(ng +o*es to choose fro+. T$o s!ste+s of #e*elo)+ent c n be follo$e# b! Bl ck ccor#(ng to $hether the KB (s to #e*elo) t K' or Kt'. .n the f(rst c se Hco+) re G +e Bo. '4I PFKO (s )l !e#. .n the secon# c se" the P ge 3>M

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt o)en(ng +(ght t ke th(s course7 '. ... KtFKBOQ O. PFK;" PxPQ ;. KtxP" KtFBOQ =. KtFKBO" PFKO Hnot PFKKtO t once" bec use 0h(te $oul# exch nge Kn(ghts n# #r(*e off the KKt b! PFK=IQ >. BFKO" PFKKtO" n# BFKt'. 0h(te's )os(t(on (s su)er(or" s he h s ) $n (n the centre (n conjunct(on $(th gre ter +ob(l(t!. Bl ck $(ll f(n# (t #(ff(cult to br(ng h(s KB (nto )l !. Be*ertheless h(s )os(t(on (s co+) ct n# #(ff(cult to get t. O. PFK= An#oubte#l! Rub(nste(n h # t ken th(s +o*e (nto ccount $hen )l !(ng '. ... KtFKBO. H(s (#e $ s to )ro*oke the #* nce of the KP. The ) $n t K= (s $e ker th n t K;" ) rt(cul rl! s Bl ck's KBP )re*ents (ts n tur l su))ort b! PFK;. 9oreo*er Bl ck's K; (s free fro+ (nterference b! 0h(te. 0h(te refutes th(s ultr subt(lt! b! s(+)le n# str (ghtFfor$ r# )l !" n# he gets such n #* nt ge (n #e*elo)+ent th t h(s tt ck succee#s before Bl ck (s ble to #e+onstr te n! $e kness (n 0h(te's g +e. O. ;. =. >. ... KtFBO KPxKt BFKB; KtFK; KtxKt KtFBO PFKO

After > ... PFKO" 5. BFB; $oul# restr (n the KP. 5. BFB; PxP

At th(s e rl! st ge Bl ck h s no s t(sf ctor! +e ns of #e*elo)+ent. The KP (s tt cke# three t(+es" n# therefore the KP c nnot +o*e" nor c n the KB be #e*elo)e# t Kt'. BFKt=" (n or#er to )l ! BxKt n# PxP" (s refute# b! BxPch. The +o*e (n the text $h(ch br(ngs bout the exch nge of Kueens" but #e*elo)s nother 0h(te )(ece t the s +e t(+e" (s +ore or less force#. .t (s (nstruct(*e to $ tch ho$ 0h(te's #* nt ge (n #e*elo)+ent soon + ter( l(ses. M. KtxP 4. RxK 3:. BxKt KxKch KtxKt PFKRO

0h(te's thre t of BFKt=ch coul# not be ) rr(e# b! BFK' bec use of 33. BxPch. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S S &B S S &K S &B S S &R S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S &P S S S &P S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S &P S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S &P S S LB S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S LB S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S LP S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S LP S S S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S LR S LK S S S LR S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H P ge 3>4

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt ,( g. 3;3 33. 3'. 3O. 3;. 3=. 3>. BFB5 PFBO BFKt> BFKtO BFR;ch PFKB; BFKt= KRFB3 BFB; PFK; KFK' ) $n PFBO KFB' BxB BFK' t once b! RFK=. .f then KFKO"

Here 0h(te coul# h *e $on 35. PFKB;. 3>. 35. 3M. 34. ':. ... KFB' BFK56 RxBch KRFK36

The ) $ns c n $ (t. ':. RxP $oul# not h *e been )rof(t ble bec use of RFKKt3. ':. ... '3. RxP KFKO BFKO Puest(on of t(+e.

Bl ck +(ght h *e res(gne# here. .t (s onl! ''. BFR5 RFBO

@ther$(se there follo$s RFKt>. 'O. ';. '=. '>. '5. 'M. RxP RFKt5 RFK= PFKR; PFKKtO RFKt= PFKR; RFR3 PFR; PFR= RHR3IFKB3 Res(gns.

GA9E Bo. '4 0h(te7 Te(ch+ nn. Bl ck7 S)(el+ nn.

S(c(l( n ,efence Hsee ). '3=I. 3. PFK; '. KtFKBO O. KKtFK' PFKB; PFKO

Th(s co+es to the s +e s KtFBO" s fter PFK;" PxP the Kn(ght rec )tures. .f" ho$e*er" Bl ck )l !s PFK; there (s cert (n #* nt ge for 0h(te to h *e the Kt t K'" e.g. O. ... PFK;Q ;. PxP" PxPQ =. PFK;. .f no$ Bl ck #oes not exch nge ) $ns" 0h(te (s ble to br(ng h(s KB to be r on the centre fter PFKKtO n# BF Kt'. O. ... KtFKBO

0h(te c n exch nge th(s Kn(ght l ter on" n# thus + ke PFK= )oss(ble s soon s he shoul# #ee+ (t #*(s ble to #r(*e the Bl ck Kn(ght fro+ h(s KBO" $here the s +e (s boun# to #e*elo) sooner or l ter. .t (s )erh )s $(se to )re*ent PFK= b! KFB' (nste # of the +o*e (n the text. Th(s (s n ol# #efence" (ntro#uce# b! P ulsen. Though (t ret r#s the #e*elo)+ent of P ge 35:

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt Bl ck's +(nor )(eces" (t )ro#uces strong #efens(*e )os(t(on" n# the o)en(ng of the KB f(le g(*es tt ck(ng ch nces on the Kueen's s(#e. The #efence +(ght run l(ke th(s7 O. ... PFKROQ ;. PFK;" PxPQ =. KtxP" KFB'Q >. BFKO" KtFKBOQ 5. BFK'" BFK'Q M. C stles" PFKKt; follo$e# b! BFKt'" PFKO" KKtFK'" etc. ;. =. >. 5. M. 4. PFK; KtxP KtxKt BFKO C stles BFKB; PxP PFKRO KtPxKt PFK; KtFBO BFKt=

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S S &B S &K S &K S S S &R S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S S S S S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S &P S S &P S S &P S&Kt S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S &P S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S &B S S S LP S LB S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S SLKt S LB S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S LP S S S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S S S LK S S LR S LK S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. &3;'

As 0h(te c n force Bl ck to )l ! PFKtO" $e ken(ng +o*e" b! PFK= n# KFKt;" Bl ck shoul# h *e )l !e# PFKtO t once" so s to h *e KtFR; (n ns$er to PFK=" thus kee)(ng one )(ece for the #efence of the K(ng's s(#e. The l tter (s (n jeo) r#! fter the +o*e (n the text" n# 0h(te's tt ck succee#s. 3:. PFK= 33. KFKt; 3'. KRFK3 KtFK' PFKtO PFKB; nge b! x B" s he The Pu(ckl!

@f course Bl ck +ust not cce)t the s cr(f(ce of the exch )l !(ng PFK=. After 3O KtFK;" BxRQ 3; KtFK>ch" KFB3Q 3= R Bl ck (s (n + t(ng net" fro+ $h(ch there (s no esc )e" h s no t(+e to collect suff(c(ent forces for the #efence. +o*e (n the text #oes not ste+ the t(#e e(ther" n# 0h(te forces the $(n b! be ut(ful co+b(n t(on. 3O. PFKRO 3;. BFKKt= BFR; KFKtO

KFB' le #s to the s +e conclus(on. 3=. PFKt;6 3>. KtxP 35. PFK> PxP PxKt

The object of 0h(te's f(fteenth +o*e (s re*e le#. 0(thout (t the R t K3 $oul# no$ be tt cke#. P ge 353

35. ... KtFB; f (ls on KFKB;.

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt PFB;

ccount of 3M. PxPch" KxPQ 34. RFK5ch" follo$e# b! KxP Res(gns.

3M. PxKt #ouble ch 34. BxPch GA9E Bo. O: 0h(te7 T rr sch.

Bl ck7 S)(el+ nn.

S(c(l( n ,efence. 3. PFK; '. KtFKBO O. PFKKtO PFKB; KtFKBO

S)ee#! #e*elo)+ent b! KtFBO n# PFK; (s +ore #es(r ble" s other$(se Bl ck + ! h *e t(+e to get f(r+ foot(ng t h(s K=. O. ... ;. BFKt' PFKKtO BFKt'

The Bl ck B(sho) (s the +ore effect(*e" s the l(ne of the 0h(te B(sho) (s + ske# b! the KP. S+ ll s th(s #* nt ge $oul# see+" (t beco+es ser(ous l ter on. .t (s nother conf(r+ t(on of the #octr(ne th t the * lue of e ch + noeu*re (n the o)en(ng #e)en#s on the +e sure of +ob(l(t! (t ffor#s for the )(eces. =. KKtFK' >. PFKO KtFBO

Here 0h(te coul# st(ll obt (n freer g +e $(th PFK;. Perh )s he $ s fr (# of los(ng ) $n fter >. ... PxPQ 5. KtxP" KtxP. But there (s noth(ng (n (t" e.g. M. KKtxKt" KtxKtQ 4. KtxK" KtxKQ 3:. KtxBP6 HKtxKtPU BxKtQ 33. BxB" RFKKt3I" KxKt HKtxBPUQ 33. KtxR" KtxRQ 3'. KtxP" KtxPQ 3O. KtxPI" KxKt. There $ s noth(ng else to be fe re# fter PFK;. >. ... 5. C stles PFKO BFK'

(n or#er to )l ! KFB3 n# BFR> n# to exch nge B(sho)s" fter $h(ch there $oul# be $e k )o(nts t 0h(te's KRO n# KBO. M. PFKRO 4. BFKO Bl ck lso )re*ents 3:. KFK' 33. PFB; C stles PFKRO n exch nge of B(sho)s. KFR' KtFK3

The )os(t(on h s no$ beco+e excee#(ngl! #(ff(cult. .n or#er to + ke the +ost of the f *our ble #e*elo)+ent of h(s KB" Bl ck +ust #* nce on the Kueen's s(#e. But (n +o*(ng h(s K(ng's s(#e )(eces o*er to the Kueen's s(#e" Bl ck +ust )rocee# $ r(l!" s 0h(te +(ght get ch nces of n tt ck $(th o*er$hel+(ng forces on the K(ng's s(#e. 3'. PFKKt; KtFB' P ge 35'

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt 3O. KtFKtO Here (t $ s necess r! to )l ! RFB' (n or#er to )l ! the KR to KB3 before Bl ck coul# + n ge to #r(*e the Kt to K3 b! PFKKt;F=. 3O. ... 3;. KtFK3U PFKKt;

.t $oul# st(ll h *e been better to )l ! KRFK3 n# to le *e the Kueen's s(#e to (tself s long s )oss(ble fter PFKt=" 3=. KtF K3" (n or#er to st rt n ss ult on the K(ng's s(#e $(th PFB=" PF KR; n# PFKt=. After the text +o*e the Kueen's Rook re+ (ns shut (n. 3;. ... 3=. KtFK' KRFKt3

(n or#er to )l ! PFBO n# PFK;. The $hole )l n" ho$e*er" (s (nconsePuent" s he h s st rte# n tt ck on the K(ng's s(#e. Bo$ he su##enl! o)ens u) f(les on the Kueen's s(#e $here Bl ck h s sse+ble# su)er(or forces. The result (s th t 0h(te gets (nto trouble on both $(ngs" for s soon s he g(*es u) h(s K(ng's s(#e tt ck" the #* nce# ) $ns there" s one kno$s" re onl! source of $e kness. 3=. 3>. 35. 3M. 34. ':. '3. ... PFBO PxP PFK; PxP RFB3 PFK= PFKt= PxP KFB3 PxP KFRO KtFKt;

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S &R S S S S &R S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S S S &B S &P S &P S &B S &K S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S &K S S &KtS &P S S S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S &KtS S LP S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S S LP S LP S LP S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S S S LB S S S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S S S LK S LKtS S LB S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S LR S LKtS S LR S LK S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 3;O Th(s shuts (n the 0h(te KB ltogether" n# t the s +e t(+e o)ens the #( gon l of Bl ck's KB. Therefore" on )r(nc()le lone the +o*e (s Puest(on ble. .n effect (t g(*es Bl ck n o))ortun(t! for be ut(ful $(nn(ng co+b(n t(on. @nl! PFK= $ s $orth cons(#er(ng" s then the o))os(ng B(sho) $oul# h *e been shut (n n# 0h(te's o$n #( gon l o)ene#. '3. ... ''. KxKt KtFKt=66 KtFK= P ge 35O

'O. KxKt ';. KtxB

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt BxK

Although three +(nor )(eces re gener ll! n ePu(* lent for the Kueen" (n th(s c se the 0h(te g +e coll )ses Pu(ckl!. The #* nce# ) $ns h *e )ro#uce# too + n! $e k )o(nts $h(ch ffor# n entr! for the Bl ck forces. ';. '=. '>. '5. ... RxR RFB' RFK' KRFB3 RxR KFR>

BFR= $ s thre tene#. But the text +o*e (s of no * (l e(ther. Bl ck $(n#s u) the g +e $(th nother f(ne co+b(n t(on. '5. ... 'M. BxR .f RFK3" KFB;. '4. KtFBO O:. KFB' Res(gns. GA9E Bo. O3 0h(te7 8ohn. Bl ck7 8 no$sk( KxKtch BFKt; RFBM6 KxB

S(c(l( n ,efence. 3. '. O. ;. PFK; KtFKBO PFK; KtxP PFKB; KtFKBO PxP KtFBO

The (+ of th(s +o*e (s to )ro*oke KtFBO" n# (nc(#ent ll! to )re*ent PFKB;. The l tter +o*e $oul# g(*e 0h(te co++ n# of h(s K= n# not onl! )re*ent Bl ck's PFK; but lso (++ob(l(se Bl ck's KP unless h(s KP (s to re+ (n -b ck$ r#.=. KKtFBO PFKKtO

As sho$n on ). '3>" PFKO +ust be )l !e# f(rst. .n n! c se Bl ck +ust be $ r! of )l !(ng PFKKtO. .f" for (nst nce" fter PFKO 0h(te )l !s >. BFKB;" n# Bl ck re)l(es $(th PFKKtO" there follo$s 5. KtxKt" PxKtQ M. PFK=6" KtFKt= HPxPU" 4. BxPchIQ 4. PF K>" PFKB;" $(th #* nt ge to 0h(te Hsee g +e (n the + tch SchlechterF% skerI. >. 5. M. 4. 3:. KtxKt PFK= BFKB; PxP" e.). KFBO KtPxKt KtFKt3 PFK; PxP

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S S &B S &K S &K S &B S &KtS &R S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S S S S S &P S S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS P ge 35;

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt > S S S &P S &P S S S &P S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S LB S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S LKtS S S LK S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S LP S S S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S S LB S S LK S S S LR S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 3;; 0h(te h s no$ three )(eces (n ct(on n# Bl ck none. Bl ck's g +e (s ho)eless lre #!Q h(s B' c nnot be co*ere# b! KFK' bec use of7 33. BxPch" KxBQ 3'. KxPch" n# fter KFK'ch there follo$s7 33. BFKO" BFKt'Q 3'. C stles KR" n# 3O. KRFK3" $(th o*er$hel+(ng tt ck. 3:. ... 33. KtFK= KFK'

.n *(e$ of the f ct th t h(s g +e (s so +uch +ore #e*elo)e#" n# th t the o))os(ng K(ng $(ll h r#l! be ble to esc )e fro+ the centre of the bo r#" 0h(te #ec(#es to s cr(f(ce Kn(ght (n or#er to o)en the f(les (n the centre for h(s Rooks" (nste # of follo$(ng the s(+)le l(ne (n#(c te# (n the )re*(ous note. 33. 3'. 3O. 3;. ... BxP BFKO C stles KR PxKt KFK'ch RFKt3 s the KR gets (nto BFKKt' RFKtO RxB ct(on t once.

C stles KR (s stronger st(ll" 3;. ... 3=. BFKB; 3>. BFB>ch

.f BFK'" the cont(nu t(on +(ght h *e been7 35. BxB" KxBQ 3M. KRF K3" KFKt'Q 34. KRFK3ch" KtFK'Q ':. RxKtch" KxRQ '3. BxPch" etc.Q or 3M. ... KFB3Q 34. BxP" etc. After 35. RFK3 Bl ck coul# h *e hel# out l(ttle longer $(th BF BO. After the text +o*e" ho$e*er" Bl ck's g +e coll )ses Pu(ckl! before the concentr te# onsl ught of the 0h(te forces. 35. 3M. 34. ':. '3. ''. 'O. ';. KxRch K RFK3ch RxKtch6 RFK3ch BxPch RFKMch RxBch KFBOch GA9E Bo. O' 0h(te7 E#. % sker. Bl ck7 9(eses. P ge 35= KFK' KtFK' KxR KFB3 KFKt3 BFB3 KFKt' Res(gns.

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt Centre Counter ,efence. 3. PFK; '. PxP PFK; KtFKBO

Th(s (s to te+)t 0h(te to )l ! PFKB;" $e k +o*e Hsee ). O=I. B! )l !(ng PFKBO Bl ck $oul# obt (n b! f r the better g +e (n exch nge for the ) $n. O. PFK; KxP

KtxP c n lso be )l !e#. .n e(ther c se 0h(te $(ns +o*e b! #r(*(ng off the Bl ck )(ece b! KtFKBO or PFKB;. 1urther+ore" 0h(te h s ) $n (n the centre. Bl ck's )l n (n ret k(ng $(th the Kueen +(ght be to c stle e rl! on the Kueen's s(#e n# tt ck 0h(te's centre ) $n b! PFK;" n# 0h(te +ust be on the lert g (nst th(s )l n" though (t $(ll not be e s! for Bl ck to )ut the s +e (nto execut(on" bec use of the ex)ose# )os(t(on of h(s Kueen. After ;. KtFKBO" KFKR; (s the onl! +o*e $h(ch br(ngs the Kueen (nto +o+ent r! secur(t!" n# e*en then Bl ck +ust )ro*(#e for retre t" s fter 0h(te's BFK' there $oul# be thre t of n #* nt geous -#(sco*er!- b! the Kt. PFKBO )ro*(#es such retre t" but (t b rs the KKt fro+ (ts n tur l #e*elo)+ent t BO" $here the Kt coul# exert further )ressure on 0h(te's K;. The KB" too" (s #(ff(cult to get (nto )l ! n# e s(l! beco+es n object of tt ck" s (n the )resent g +e. ;. KtFKBO =. KtFBO KFKR; BFB;

BFKt= $oul# onl! hel) 0h(te's (ntent(ons to tt ck on the K(ng's s(#e (n the bsence of Bl ck's Kueen" e.g. >. PFKRO" BFR;Q 5. PF KKt;" BFKtOQ M. KtFK= Hthre ten(ng KtFB;I" PFBOQ 4. PFKR;" K KtF K'Q 3:. KtFB;" KFB'Q 33. PFR=" BFK=Q 3'. KtxB" KtxKtQ 3O. KFBO n# BFB; $(th the su)er(or g +e. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S &KtS S S &K S &B S S &R S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S &P S &P S S &P S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S S S S &KtS S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S &K S S S S S &B S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S LP S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S LKtS S S LKtS S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S LP S S S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S S LB S LK S LK S LB S S LR S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 3;= >. KtFK=6 KtFK=

PFBO $ s urgent here" to )ro*(#e g (nst KtFB; n# KFBO. Bo$ the g +e (s s goo# s lost. 0h(te obt (ns *(olent tt ck $(th su)er(or forces" n# br(ngs (t ho+e before Bl ck h s t(+e to P ge 35>

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt co+)lete h(s #e*elo)+ent. 5. KFBO .f KtxKt" BFK'. M. BFK' 4. PFKKt; PFKO BFKtO KtFKO

Bl ck h # to gu r# h(s KB' bec use of KtFKt=" KtxKt" KxPch. 3:. PFKR; 33. C stles KFKtO PFKBO

Co+)ulsor!. KtFBO (s refute# b! 3'. KtxKt" KxKtQ 3O. KxK" PxKQ 3;. BFKt' n# PFR=. @n the other h n#" the ns$er to 33. ... KxP $oul# be 3'. BFKB;" KFB;Q 3O. PFR=" PFBOQ 3;. PxB" PxKtQ 3=. BF KKt= follo$e# b! RxKt n# RFKM or KFB5 + te. 3'. KtxB 3O. BFKO KFB' or PFKB; $ere #e*elo)+ent. 3;. 3=. 3>. 35. 3M. BxPch BFKO PFRO KxKtP BFK; PxKt KxP lso un * (l(ng (n consePuence of Bl ck's )oor KFK' KFKt= KFB= KFBO Res(gns.

GA9E Bo. OO 0h(te7 B r sN. Bl ck7 9(eses.

Centre Counter ,efence. 3. '. O. ;. PFK; PxP KtFKBO KtFBO PFK ; KxP KFKR;

.t (s better to #* nce the KP t once n# so thre ten BFK'" fter $h(ch Bl ck (s l+ost un#er co+)uls(on to )ro*(#e retre t for h(s K b! PFKBO" thus block(ng h(s KKt. ;. ... =. BFK' >. PFKO KtFKBO BFB;

Alre #! no$ the +(st ke of h *(ng llo$e# Bl ck to #e*elo) h(s Kueen's s(#e un+oleste# (s )) rent. PFK; (s no$ (+)oss(ble" for Bl ck $oul# c stle on the Kueen's s(#e n# kee) the (n(t( t(*e b! exert(ng )er+ nent )ressure on 0h(te's KP b! PFK;. 0h(te +ust !(el# u) the centre to Bl ck. >. ... 5. BFK' M. PFKRO PFK; C stles KFB;

The Kueen +ust esc )e fro+ 0h(te's thre t of PFKKt;. P ge 355

4. C stles 3:. PFKKt; 33. PFKt=

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt KtFBO KFK'

Th(s #* nce (s so+e$h t )ur)oseless" s the 0h(te )(eces re not re #! for n tt ck on Bl ck's K(ng. .t (s #(ff(cult" though" to f(n# sens(ble )l n" s the 0h(te )(eces h *e so l(ttle +ob(l(t!. .t $oul# )erh )s be best to )l ! RFK3" BFB3" n# KtFK;. 33. 3'. 3O. 3;. ... RFK3 BFKB3 KFKt3U KtFK= KFB; BFKO

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S &K S &R S S S S &R S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S &P S &P S S S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S S &B S S &KtS S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S LP S &K S S &P S &B S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S &KtS S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S LP S S LKtS LP S S LKtS S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S S S LP S LB S S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S LK S S S LR S LB S LK S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 3;> The )ur)ose of th(s +o*e (s not cle r. The #* nce of the KtP coul# onl! be con#one# b! #es(re to obt (n n o)en f(le" n# (t see+s (llog(c l to )rotect (t no$. .f 0h(te $ nte# to esc )e the )(nn(ng of h(s KKt he nee# not h *e +o*e# the Kueen. KtxKt $oul# h *e effecte# th(s n# )re*ente# the K(ng's s(#e fro+ be(ng l (# b re. 0h(te's g +e $oul# st(ll h *e been b #" ) rt(cul rl! s the exch nge t K; o)ens the #( gon l for the Bl ck KB" but the +o*e (n the text h s e*en $orse effect. 9(eses conclu#es the g +e $(th n eleg nt s cr(f(ce. 3;. 3=. 3>. 35. 3M. 34. ':. '3. ''. ... PxKt KPxP KxB BFKt' RFK' KtxR PxB KFR3 KtxKtch PFK=6 BxPch KxPch RxB RxR KxKt KFK;ch RFK3

Bl ck h s $rought fe rful h *oc (n the 0h(te r nks" n# the #efenceless K(ng c nnot $(thst n# the onsl ught of the three 0h(te )(eces for long. 'O. PFKB; ';. KFKt3 KtFR; KFK=ch P ge 35M

'=. KFR' thre ten(ng KFR=ch" KFB5ch" '>. KFR3 '5. PFB; 'M. KFKt3 Res(gns.

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt RFK5 n# + te t Kt5 or R5.

KFK;ch KxPch KFK=ch

GA9E B@. O; 0h(te7 E+. % sker. Bl ck7 B(e+No$(tsch.

C roFK nn ,efence Hco+) re ). =:I. 3. '. O. ;. =. >. 5. M. PFK; PFK; KtFKBO KtxP KtxKt BFK' BFBO PFBO PFKBO PFK; PxP KtFBO KtPxKt BFB; KFR;ch PFKR;6

A #ee) conce)t(on. .f 0h(te cce)ts the )roffere# s cr(f(ce of ) $n" he loses t(+e" s he +ust ret(re h(s B before br(ng(ng out h(s Kt" n#" +oreo*er" the KR f(le be(ng o)en" he c n onl! c stle on the K s(#e. But there the Bl ck Kueen (s re #! for the tt ck. .f he refuses the s cr(f(ce" the text +o*e (s st(ll of * lue" s e*en then (t (s h r#l! #*(s ble for 0h(te to c stle on the K s(#e" $h(lst Bl ck c n )l ! BFRO s soon s (t +(ght be #es(r ble to exch nge 0h(te's KB. 4. 3:. 33. 3'. 3O. BxP BFKt; KxB KtFK' BFB; KtFK' BxB C stles PFKO KFKKt;6 n# he ssu+es

Bl ck (s the f(rst to co+)lete h(s #e*elo)+ent" the offens(*e. 3;. C stles KR6

Th(s (s +uch stronger th n the ltern t(*e PFKKtO" $h(ch $oul# f t ll! #(sturb the ) $n skeleton" ) rt(cul rl! s c stl(ng (s onl! )oss(ble on the K s(#e. Although Bl ck c n no$ g (n t$o ) $ns" 0h(te obt (ns n tt ck n# Bl ck onl! just + n ges to esc )e $(th #r $. 3;. ... 3=. KtFKtO KtFKtO

(nten#(ng KFK' (n ns$er to KtFB=. Ag (n PFKKtO (s not to be thought of" n# RFK' lso f (ls bec use of KtFB=Q 3>. RFB'" KtxP. 3=. 3>. 35. 3M. 34. ... KFKt3 KRFKt3 KtFK; KFBO KFK; KxKtP KxBP KFR= KtFB=6 P ge 354

M 5 > = ; O ' 3

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF S S S &K S &R S S &B S S &R S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S &P S &P S S S S &P S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S S S &P S S &P S &P S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S S S &KtS LP S LKtS LB S S &K S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S S S LP S S S LK S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S LP S LP S S S S S S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S S LK S S S S S LR S LR S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 3;5

0h(lst Bl ck $ s bus! c )tur(ng t$o ) $ns b! +o*(ng the Kueen four t(+es" 0h(te $ s concentr t(ng the $hole of h(s forces" n# no$ thre tens to $(n b ck the ) $n $(th RFKt;. The +o*e (n the text nt(c() tes the thre t" for no$ the ns$er to ':. RFKt; $oul# be KFR;Q '3. KtxPU" KFB;chQ ''. KtFK;UU KtFK5ch" $(nn(ng the K. ':. '3. ''. 'O. KFR3 KtFKt= BFB3 RFKt' PFKB; BFKO RFK' BFB' $k$ r# 0h(te Kn(ght b! KtFKOFK=. KtFKO KtFK= KFR>

(nten#(ng to get r(# of the ';. '=. '>. '5. KRFKt KFK' KtFBO PFRO

0h(te ))e rs to be (n -t(+e- #(ff(cult(es" or else he re+ (ns ) ss(*e" (n or#er to g(*e Bl ck n o))ortun(t! for + k(ng the r(sk! tte+)t to hol# the extr ) $n b! PFBO n# PFK;. '5. ... 'M. BFKO '4. KFR' PFRO KRFK3 RFR3

.f Bl ck $ nts to )l ! for $(n" he +ust )l ! PFBO. .n *(e$ of the f *our ble )os(t(on of the 0h(te )(eces" he )refers to r(sk noth(ng n# to *o(# the $e ken(ng of )os(t(on $h(ch follo$s u)on )r ct(c ll! e*er! ) $n +o*e. O:. O3. O'. OO. O;. O=. As long #r $. KFR3 KFR' RFKtM RxRch RFKt5 RFKtMch KRFK3 RFK3 RxR RFK3 RFK'

s Bl ck )l !s ste #(l!" 0h(te c nnot ho)e for +ore th n P ge 3M:

O=. ... O>. RFKt5 O5. PFB;

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt RFK3 RFB3 KtFBO

.n or#er to #r(*e off the RookQ 0h(te no$ enforces the #r $ b! f(ne co+b(n t(on. OM. BFKt=6 O4. RxP6 ;:. KxPch KtFR; RxR RFK'

Bot KFKt3 on ccount of ;3. KFKMch" KFR'Q ;'. KxR" KxKtQ ;O. KxB" thre ten(ng BFK5. ;3. KtFK=6 ,r $.

1or fter BxKt there follo$s ;'. KFKMch" KFB'Q ;O. KxBch" $(th )er)etu l check. Both )l !ers h *e sho$n #ee) )os(t(on l (ns(ght" n# the g +e sho$s (n n (nterest(ng + nner ho$ )re)on#er nce of + ter( l c n be counterb l nce# b! the gre ter +ob(l(t! of the )(eces. GA9E B@. O= 0h(te7 Ret(. Bl ck7 T rt ko$er.

C roFK nn ,efence. 3. '. O. ;. =. PFK; PFK; KtFKBO KtxP KFKO PFKBO PFK; PxP KtFKBO

0h(te $(shes to c stle s soon s )oss(ble on the Kueen's s(#e" (n or#er to o)er te on the Kueen's f(le $(th the hel) of the Rook. =. ... PFK;

Here Bl ck loses t$o +o*es (n br(ng(ng 0h(te's centre ) $n $ !. The + noeu*re therefore (s not soun#. KKtFK'" KtxKt" n# KtFBO" or n! other #e*elo)(ng +o*es $oul# be )refer ble. >. PxP 5. BFK' M. C stles6 KFR;ch KxP

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S &KtS &B S S &K S &B S S &R S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S &P S S S S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S &P S S S &KtS S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S S &K S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S S LKtS S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S S LK S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS P ge 3M3

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt ' S LP S LP S LP S LB S S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S LK S LR S S LB S LKtS LR S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 3;M 0h(te )re) res + gn(f(cent + t(ng co+b(n t(on" $h(ch c n onl! be + #e )oss(ble t such n e rl! st ge" $hen the o))onent h s utterl! neglecte# h(s #e*elo)+ent. M. 4. 3:. 33. ... KFKMch66 BFKt= #ouble ch BFKM + te KtxKt KxK KFB'

A be ut(ful + te. .f 33. ... KFK3" 33. RFKM + te. GA9E B@. O> 0h(te7 1org cN. Bl ck7 E. Cohn.

Kueen's G +b(t. 3. '. O. ;. =. >. PFK; KtFKBO PFB; KtFBO BFKt= PFK; PFK; PFKO PxP KtFKBO BFK' PFKRO

Through O. ... PxP Bl ck's #e*elo)+ent (s one +o*e beh(n#" n# such ) $n +o*es shoul# t n! cost be *o(#e# s #o not contr(bute to the +ob(l(s t(on of the )(eces. C stles" PFKKtO" BF Kt'" n# KKtFK ' $ s the )ro)er course. 5. BxKt Th(s (s better th n to $(th#r $ the B(sho)Q Bl ck's l st +o*e $ s cle rl! loss of t(+e. 5.. ... M. BxP 4. C stles BxB KtFK' C stles

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S S &B S &K S S &R S &K S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S &P S &P S &KtS S &P S &P S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S S S &P S &B S S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S LB S LP S LP S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S LKtS S S LKtS S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S S S S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS P ge 3M'

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt 3 S LR S S S LK S S LR S LK S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 3;4 There see+s to be noth(ng l r+(ng bout the )os(t(on" !et on closer (n*est(g t(on nu+ber of *(t l f (l(ngs c n be #(scerne# (n Bl ck's c +). The bsence of ) $n (n the centre n# the uns t(sf ctor! #e*elo)+ent h *e f rFre ch(ng (nfluence. 0h(te $(ll be ble to br(ng h(s forces to the K(ng's s(#e b! $ ! of K;" $h(ch (s + #e ccess(ble b! the #(s ))e r nce of Bl ck's KP" before Bl ck h s t(+e to br(ng h(s KB to be r on 0h(te's K; b! PF KKtO n# BFKt'. 0h(te's (++e#( te thre t H fter PFK=I (s KFK'FK; n# BFKO. .f Bl ck #oes not $(sh to r(sk PFKKtO" he +ust #efen# h(+self $(th RFK3" KtFB3. .n the +e nt(+e 0h(te c n )l ! RFK3 n# thre ten PFK=" o)en(ng the Kueen's f(le. Th(s g (n necess(t tes PFBO" $h(ch )ost)ones the eff(c(enc! of the KB t Kt' unt(l 0h(te's KKt n# KR h *e been brought u) for the tt ck. The g +e #e*elo)s on these l(nes" n# )ro*(#es n excellent ex +)le of the #* nt ge of the co++ n# of the centre. 3:. 33. 3'. 3O. PFK= KFK' KRFK3 KFK; BFK' RFK3 PFKBO KFB'

)re) r(ng PFKKtO. 3;. 3=. 3>. 35. KRFK3 KFKt; KFR= RFK; KtFB3 PFKKtO BFKt' BFKt=

Bl ck c nnot !et )l ! PFKB;" s RFB; (s thre tene# $(th n tt ck on KB5. The B(sho) $h(ch obstructs the K $oul# h *e no +o*e" s *e the sorr! retre t to K3" n# 0h(te $oul# $(n s)ee#(l!7 35. ... PF KB;Q 3M. RFB;" BFK3Q 34. PFK=" PxPQ ':. KtxP" BxKtQ '3. BxB" tt ck(ng R n# P. 3M. RFKt; 34. PxB KxP $ s thre tene#. ':. KtFKt= '3. KtFK; RFK' K;. BxKt KFR3

E*en the Kn(ght (s brought (n *( '3. ... ''. RFKO 'O. KtFB> RFK3 PFKB;

thre ten(ng KxPch n# RFKtM + te. Bl ck c nnot c )ture the Kt bec use of KxPch n# + te t Kt5. But the + te c nnot be #el !e# +uch longer (n *(e$ of the concentr t(on of su)er(or forces for the tt ck. 'O. ... ';. RFRO There (s no ns$er to KFKt= KtFKtO Res(gns n# RxP. P ge 3MO

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt GA9E B@. O5 0h(te7 9 rsh ll. Bl ck7 C ) bl nc .

Kueen's G +b(t ,ecl(ne# Hsee ). ='I. 3. '. O. ;. =. PFK; PFKB; KtFKBO BFKt= PFKO PFK; PFKO KtFKBO BFK' KtFK=

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S &KtS &B S &K S &K S S S &R S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S &P S &P S S &B S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S S S &P S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S &P S S S LB S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S LP S LP S &KtS S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S LKtS S LP S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S S S S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S S S LK S LK S LB S LKtS LR S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 3=: % sker h s )l !e# th(s +o*e successfull! (n h(s + tch g (nst 9 rsh llQ but (t h s not co+e (nto gener l use. 0h(te shoul# get the better g +e b! >. BxB" KxBQ 5. KFB'" KtxKtQ M. KxKt or 5. PxP" KtxKtQ M. PxKt" PxPQ 4. KFKtO" (n the f(rst c se bec use the Bl ck KB (s out of )l !" (n the secon# c se bec use of the o)en Kt f(le. 5. KtxKt (s b #" bec use PxKt )re*ents the n tur l #e*elo)+ent of the KKt t BO" n# Bl ck c n obt (n n tt ck fter c stl(ng b! PFKB;F=. >. BxB 5. BFKO Th(s lso (s goo# +o*e" KxB s (t furthers #e*elo)+ent. KtxKt PxP

5. ... M. PxKt

G(*(ng u) the centre ) $n (n th(s c se (s not g (nst the s)(r(t of the o)en(ng" s (t o)ens the onl! #( gon l on $h(ch the Bl ck KB c n o)er te. 4. 3:. 33. 3'. 3O. BxP KFBO KtFK' C stles KR PFKR; PFKKtO PFKBO BFKt' C stles P ge 3M;

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt Th(s +o*e c n onl! be goo# (f 0h(te (nten#s to o)er te on the Kueen's s(#e" )oss(bl! b! KRFKt3 n# PFR=. But the )os(t(on of the 0h(te Kueen + kes the #o)t(on of #(fferent )l n co+)ulsor!. 1or one th(ng" (t (s r t(on l to concentr te forces $here the Kueen c n t ke her sh re" therefore" (n th(s c se" on the K(ng's s(#e. @n the other h n#" the + noeu*re referre# to coul# not be )ut (nto execut(on here bec use Bl ck c n )re*ent PF R= b! PFKB; n# KtFBO. A f (rl! ob*(ous course $ s to )l ! PFK;" t k(ng )ossess(on of the centre. PFKB; $oul# then be ns$ere# b! PFK=" fter $h(ch the 0h(te Rooks $oul# be *er! effect(*e t K3 n# K3. .n th(s g +e 0h(te #oes (n(t( te K(ng's s(#e tt ck subsePuentl!" n# thus 3O. ... PFKR; (s cle rl! lost +o*e. 3O. ... 3;. KFKtO 3=. KtFB; PFKB; KtFBO KRFB3

The te+)t(ng +o*e of PFK; c nnot be )l !e# bec use of 3>. KtFK=" KFK3Q 35. PxBP" KtFR;Q 3M. KRFK3. The +o*e (n the text thre tens PxP" KtxP n# RxB. 3>. BFR' 35. KRFK3 KRFK3 KtFR;

Th(s thre tens BFBO tt ck(ng the RP. 0h(te #ec(#es to !(el# the s +e t once" th(nk(ng Pu(te r(ghtl! th t #(rect tt ck +ust h *e goo# ch nces" s Bl ck gets t$o )(eces out of )l ! (n c )tur(ng the ) $n. 3M. KRFK3 34. KFKt; BFB O n# BxPch.

Bl ck c nnot t ke the ) $n !et" bec use of KtxP 34. ... ':. PFK=U PFB=

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S &R S &R S S S &K S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S S S S &K S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S &P S &B S S &P S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S &KtS S S LP S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S LP S S &P S S S LKtS LK S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S LP S S LP S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LB S S S S S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S LR S LR S S LK S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 3=3 There (s no nee# to )l ! for *(olent co+)l(c t(ons. The log(c l course $ s to o)en the $ ! to the K(ng's s(#e for the Rooks b! PF K;. The cont(nu t(on coul# h *e been7 ':. PFK;" BxRPQ '3. KtFR=" PFKtOQ ''. PFK=" BxRQ 'O. RxB follo$e# b! KtFB>" $(th strong tt ckQ lso fter '3. ... PFBO" ''. RFK'" 0h(te's tt ck(ng P ge 3M=

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt ch nces re goo#. After the +o*e (n the text" Bl ck coul# get n #* nt ge b! s(+)l! exch ng(ng7 ':. ... PxPQ '3. KtxP" BxKtQ ''. RxB" RxRQ 'O. KxRch" RFK3Q ';. KFKB=" PFKtOQ '=. KFB'" KFR>. .n t k(ng the RP" ho$e*er" Bl ck (ncurs gr *e r(sks. ':. '3. ''. 'O. ';. ... RFK' KtFR= PFK> KFKt= BxRP PFK; PFKtO KFKO KFR3

Bl ck f(n#s the $e knesses t h(s KBO n# KRO *er! troubleso+e. RxP $oul# lose t once" bec use of '=. RxR" KxRQ '>. KFR>6 '=. KtFB> '>. RxR '5. BFKt3 KFR; $oul# h *e been '5. ... RxP KxR ns$ere# b! KFKt'. KtFBO

Bl ck +ust tr! to br(ng b ck h(s +(nor )(eces for the #efence. .f he succee#s (n #o(ng th t (n t(+e" the en#Fg +e (s e s(l! $on on the Kueen's s(#e. 'M. BFB= Bot PxB bec use of KFR>. '4. PFKR; 0h(te's tt ck(ng resources see+ (nexh ust(ble. B! exch ng(ng Kueens he coul# h *e got h(s ) $n b ck (n th(s $ !7 '4. BFK5" KF B3 HR xBU" O:. KFR>IQ O:. BxKt" BxBQ O3. KxKP" KFKOQ O'. KtF K5"KxKQ OO. KtxK" BFK3Q O;. KtxKBP. But e*en then Bl ck $oul# + (nt (n su)er(or(t! (n the en#Fg +e o$(ng to the free#o+ of h(s ) sse# ) $n" n# bec use he c n )ost h(s Rook t the se*enth fter PFKKt;. Th(s ex)l (ns $h! 9 rsh ll )refers not to $(n b ck h(s ) $n" but to enter u)on *(olent tt ck $(th #oubtful (ssue. Ho$e*er" C ) bl nc f(n#s the r(ght +o*e (n ll the ensu(ng co+)l(c t(ons" n# f(n ll! $(ns the g +e. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S S &R S S S S &K S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S S S S S &P S S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S &P S &KtS &K S S LKtS &P S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S S &P S LB S LK S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S &B S S &P S S S S S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S LP S S LP S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S S S S S S LP S LP S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S S LR S S LK S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 3=' P ge 3M> RFK3

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt '4. O:. O3. O'. ... KtFK; KFB>ch BFK> KtFK' KFB' KFKt3

Th(s (s no$ co+)ulsor!. .f 0h(te loses t(+e (n $(th#r $(ng the B" Bl ck consol(# tes h(s )os(t(on b!7 KtFK; n# KFK'. O'. ... PxB

RFB3 (s refute# b! OO. KtFKt=6" PxBQ O;. KxR" etc. OO. KxKPch Better th n KtFKt=" for fter KtFK;" O;. KxPch" the Bl ck K(ng f(n#s s fe retre t t Kt'. OO. ... O;. KtFKt= O=. PFB; KFB3 KtFKt3

(n or#er to o)en the f(le for the Rook. O=. O>. O5. OM. O4. ... PxP RFB3ch PFR= PFR>ch ccount of KFB>ch. RFK3 RFK' KFKt' BFK3 KFR3

KtxP f (ls on

;:. KFK> 0h(te t kes ll )oss(ble #* nt ge fro+ the )os(t(on" but c nnot br(ng ho+e h(s tt ck" s Bl ck h s concentr te# h(s forces for the #efence. Bl ck +ust st(ll be c reful to *o(# + te" e.g. KxKUQ ;3. PxK" RxPQ ;'. RFB5 or ;l. ... RFK'Q ;'. RFBM. ;:. ... ;3. KFK; KFB;

Here 0h(te coul# h *e tr(e# KxK n# RFBM. There $ s then )er+ nent thre t of RxB" e.g. ;3. KxK" PxKQ ;'. RFBM" RxPQ ;O. KtFBO" RFK'Q ;;. KtFKt=" etc. .t see+s s (f Bl ck $oul# h *e to g(*e u) the )(ece g (n b! ;O. ... RFR; (n or#er to $(n. 0h(te" ho$e*er" $oul# then h *e #r $(ng ch nces" $h(ch $oul# h *e been f(tt(ng conclus(on to th(s $on#erful g +e. ;3. ... ;'. KFK5 Res(gns GA9E Bo. OM 0h(te7 Rotle$(. Bl ck7 Te(ch+ nn. Kueen's G +b(t ,ecl(ne#. 3. PFK; '. KtFKBO O. PFB; PFK ; KtFKBO PFKO P ge 3M5 RxP RFK'

;. KtFBO =. BFKt=

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt KKtFK' BFK'

C ) bl nc tr(e# =. ... BFKt=Q g (nst E#. % sker (n Be$ York" 343=. The cont(nu t(on $ s7 >. PFKO" PFB;Q 5. BFKO" KFR;Q M. KF KtO. The correct +o*e (s here M. C stles. .f Bl ck $(ns the ) $n b! BxKtQ 4. PxB" KPxPQ 3:. BxP" KxBP" 0h(te obt (ns strong tt ck" e.g." 33. RFB3" KFR;Q 3'. BxKt" PxB HKtxBQ 3O. PxPIQ 3O. PFK=" $(th th(s )oss(ble cont(nu t(on lO. ... KtFKtO" 3;. PxP" PxPQ 3=. KFK>" $(th strong tt ck. >. PFKO 5. KFB' C stles PFB;

0h(te (nten#s to c stle on the Kueen's s(#e" n# to follo$ th(s u) $(th stor+ b! the K(ng's s(#e ) $ns. Although Rub(nste(n h s on + n! occ s(ons been successful $(th th(s for+ of tt ck" (t (s o)en to cr(t(c(s+. 1or" $here K(ngs h *e c stle# on #(fferent $(ngs" the tt ck on the K(ng $h(ch h s c stle# on the K s(#e shoul# be +ore successful. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S S &B S &K S S &R S &K S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S &P S S &KtS &B S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S S S &P S &KtS S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S &P S &P S S S LB S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S LP S LP S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S LKtS S LP S LKtS S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S LK S S S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S S S S LK S LB S S LR S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 3=O Th(s (s +uch stronger th n PFK KtO n# BFKt'" s then the Bl ck Kueen c nnot ) rt(c() te (n the tt ck Pu(ckl! enough. As )o(nte# out before" s)ee# (s the f(rst cons(#er t(on for the tt ck" $hene*er the K(ngs h *e c stle# on #(fferent $(ngs. An (nterest(ng counter) rt to the )resent g +e (s foun# (n g +e $on b! Rub(nste(n fro+ Te(ch+ nn H9 tch" 2(enn " 34:MI 5. ... PF KKtOQ M. PxP" PxPQ 4. BFKO" BFKt'Q 3:. C stles KR" PFB;Q 33. PF KR;" PFB=U Hthe onl! ho)e l ! (n the o)en(ng of the KB f(leIQ 3'. BFB=" RFK3Q 3O. BxKKt" KtxBQ 3;. PFKKt;" BFKOQ 3=. PFKt=" KtF K=Q 3>. PFR=" KFK'Q 35. KRFKt3" PFKROQ 3M. BxPch6" KxBQ 34. PF Kt>ch" KFKt3Q ':. KtxKt" PxKtQ '3. PFR>" PFBO3 ''. PxP" PxKtQ 'O RFRMch" KxPQ ';. RFR5ch" n# Bl ck res(gne# fe$ +o*es l ter. M. C stles 4. PxKP KFR; t

0h(te loses t(+e (n the centre. .t $ s (+)er t(*e to )rocee# once $(th PFKKt; follo$e# b! BxKt" PFKt= n# PFKR;. P ge 3MM

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt 4. 3:. 33. 3'. ... PxP KtFK; KFKt3 KPxP KtxP BFKO n# Kueen on the KB

.t $oul# be too r(sk! to le *e both K(ng f(le. 3'. ... 3O. BFKO KRFB3 PFKRO

The thre t $ s7 BxKt n# BxPch. H # 0h(te )l !e# PFKKt; n# PFKR; (nste # of effect(ng exch nges (n the centre" Bl ck $oul# not h *e been ble to ffor# th(s $e ken(ng +o*e. But no$ Bl ck $(ns the g +e on the other $(ng" before 0h(te (s ble to + ke use of the $e kness thus cre te#. 3;. 3=. 3>. 35. BxKt BFB= BxB KFKt> BxB KRFK3 PxB

The Kueen +ust le *e the KB f(le $(thout #el !" s KtFK= (s thre tene#. Bl ck's g +e (s lre #! su)er(orQ $(th the exce)t(on of the Kueen" 0h(te h s no )(ece * (l ble for the tt ck on the o))os(ng K(ng. 35. ... 3M. RFKB3 RFKO RFRO s 0h(te's

Bo$ 0h(te +ust g (n )ro*(#e g (nst Bl ck's KtFK=" KKt (s nee#e# for the #efence of KR'. 34. PFBO RFK3

Bl ck (nten#s to +o*e h(s B n# then to #* nce h(s KP $(th n tt ck on the Kueen. The object of the text +o*e (s to )re*ent 0h(te fro+ s *(ng h(+self b! n tt ck on the Rook HKFB=I. ':. RFB' BxKt

B! th(s exch nge Bl ck ch(e*es h(s object of #r(*(ng off the Kn(ght b! PFK=" but 0h(te h s t(+e to g(*e h(s RP further )rotect(on b! PFKKtO" Th(s" Bl ck $oul# h *e )re*ente# b! )l !(ng BFKt; (nste # of the text +o*e" e.g. '3. PFB;" PFK;Q ''. KFB=" PxKtQ 'O. PxP" BFBOQ ';. PxKt" PFK=" etc. '3. ''. 'O. ';. PxB KFKt; KxP KFK= PFK; PxP KtFKO #* nce of the KP for one +o*e. PFKKt; PFK= PFK> KtFK= KtFB5 KtFR>ch KtFB5ch KtFR>ch P ge 3M4

Th(s #el !s the f t l ';. '=. '>. '5. 'M. '4. O:. O3. ... PFKKtO KtFK; RFK' RFKB3 KFKt' KFR3 KFKt3

O'. KFR3 OO. KFKt3

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt KtFB5ch

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S S &R S S S &K S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S S S S S S &P S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S &R S S S S S S S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S &K S &P S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S S LKtS S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S LP S S &P S S LP S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LK S &KtS LR S S S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S LK S LR S S S S S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 3=; Bl ck #oes not )l ! for OO. ... #r $" but onl! $(shes to g (n t(+e. RFKBO

The (ntent(on (s to #ouble Rooks n# to force n entr! t B5. PF Kt= $oul# not be goo#. The 0h(te Rook $oul# no longer be tt cke#" n# the Kn(ght coul# tt ck the KP. O;. RHB3IFK3 KRFKB3

Bo$ th t the 0h(te Rook h s left the KB f(le" one Rook $oul# be suff(c(ent to force n entr! t B5" n# KtFR>ch follo$e# b! PFKt= coul# h *e been )l !e# t once" e.g. O;. ... KtFR>chQ O=. KFR3" PFKt= H)re*ent(ng PFKKt;IQ O>. KtFB'"RFB5Q O5. RxR" PxRQ OM. RF KB3" KFKtOQ O4. KtFK;" RFKM follo$e# b! RxRch" KFK=ch n# PFBM + te. O=. RxP O>. KFR3 O5. RFK5 KtFR>ch PFKt= KFK;66

.f KxK" Bl ck + tes (n three. OM. RFKMch O4. RxRch ;:. RFK3 RxR KFR' KxKch

Cur(ousl! enough there (s noth(ng better. KFB' onl! le #s to the exch nge of Kueens n# the s +e en#Fg +e" $h(ch" ho$e*er" (s n e s! $(n for Bl ck" s the )er+ nent + t(ng thre t kee)s the 0h(te Rook t(e# to the f(rst r nk" $h(lst the Bl ck K(ng thre tens to c )ture ll the 0h(te ) $ns. .f KFB' 0h(te forces the exch nge of Kueens $(th the follo$(ng co+b(n t(on7 ;3. KFK'" RFB5Q ;'. KFKO" RFBMchQ ;O. KFKt'" $(th thre t of KtFB>ch n# KFR5 + te. Bl ck therefore $oul# h *e to )l ! KFB5ch" etc." s (n the g +e. ;3. KxK RFB5ch P ge 34:

;'. ;O. ;;. ;=. ;>.

KFR3 RFR3 KtFB>ch KtFK; KtFK>

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt RxP PFKt; KFKt' KFKtO PFKR;

0e h *e no$ )os(t(on $(th force# +o*e. .f the 0h(te Kn(ght +o*es" there follo$s KFB;FB=" etc. Therefore 0h(te g(*es u) h(s R P *olunt r(l!. ;5. RFKB3 ;M. KtFB; Bo$ KtFB> n# RxP + te KtFK=ch KtFKt; RFB= KFKt' RFB5ch RFB3 KFR3 KFKt3 RxP KtFKt; re thre tene#. KFKt' RFK5 RFKMch KtFR> KFB3 RFK5ch KtFB5ch KtFR>ch

;4. =:. =3. ='. =O. =;. ==. =>. Bl ck g (n =5. =M. =4. >:.

))e rs to be short of t(+e. KFR3 RFB= KFKt' RFB3 KtFKt; RFKMch KtFR> RFK5ch n#

Bo$" fter the s(xt(eth +o*e Bl ck h s g (n )lent! of t(+e" c n )re) re the f(n l co+b(n t(on t le(sure. >3. >'. >O. >;. >=. >>. >5. >M. >4. KFR3 RFR3 RFKB3 RFB> KtFK=ch KtxR KtFK;ch KtFK' KFKt' Res(gns. GA9E B@. O4. 0h(te7 Rotle$(. Bl ck7 Rub(nste(n RFKO KFKt' KFKtO RxR KFB; PFR; KFK; KtFB5ch KtFK=

Kueen's G +b(t ,ecl(ne#. 3. '. O. ;. =. >. 5. M. 4. PFK; KtFKBO PFKO PFB; KtFBO KPxP PFKRO PFKKt; BFKt' PFK; PFKO PFKB; KtFKBO KtFBO BxP PFKRO BFKO C stles P ge 343

M 5 > = ; O ' 3

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF S &R S S &B S &K S S &R S &K S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S S &P S S S S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S &P S S &KtS &B S &P S &KtS S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S S S S &P S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S S LP S LP S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S LP S S LKtS S LP S LKtS S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S S LB S S S S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS S LR S S S LK S LK S LB S S LR S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 3== 3:. KFK'

0h(te c nnot $(n the KP b! 3:. PxP" PxPQ 33. KtxP" KtxKtQ 3'. KxKt" bec use BxPch $(ns the Kueen. The text +o*e (s )l !e# $(th the (ntent(on of br(ng(ng u) the KR for the tt ck on the KP. Ho$e*er" (t $oul# h *e been +ore correct to f(x the object of tt ck f(rst b! PxP" s Bl ck coul# no$ cross 0h(te's (ntent(ons b! )l !(ng PxP" fter $h(ch he $oul# sooner or l ter g (n +o*e b! occu)!(ng the K f(le $(th Rook" n# forc(ng the 0h(te Kueen to retre t. 3:. ... KFK'6

Bl ck offers to g(*e u) h(s Kueen's P $n. .f 0h(te cce)ts the s cr(f(ce" Bl ck's tt ck on the Kueen's f(le $(ll beco+e #e #l!" s 0h(te +ust lose +o*e (n br(ng(ng h(s Kueen out of the l(ne of ct(on of the host(le Rook. The 0h(te K(ng h s then no t(+e to get (nto s fet!" e.g. 33. PxP" PxPQ 3'. KtxP" KtxKtQ 3O. KxKt" RF K3Q 3;. KFKtO" BFKO follo$e# b! KtxP" etc. 33. BFKOU Here g (n PxP Hfollo$e# b! BFK'" RFK3" C stlesI $oul# h *e *o(#e# the loss of +o*e" s (n#(c te# (n +! note to +o*e 3:. Bo$ 0h(te loses !et nother +o*e" s Bl ck exch nges ) $ns n# the B(sho) h s t ken t$o +o*es to re ch B;" s g (nst one onl! (n the c se of the Bl ck KB. The loss of t$o +o*es (n the o)en(ng st ges shoul# be f t l" n# of th(s Rub(nste(n g(*es str(k(ng ex +)le (n the )resent g +e. 33. 3'. 3O. 3;. 3=. ... BxP BFKO KFK' C stles KR PxP PFKKt; RFK3 BFKt' KtFK;

The #* nt ge $h(ch Bl ck obt (ns b! h(s l st +o*e (s gener ll! g (ne# b! 0h(te (n th(s o)en(ng Hco+) re ,( g. O>I. But (n the g +e 0h(te h s lost t$o +o*es n# Bl ck h s ssu+e# the offens(*e" h *(ng +oreo*er Rook ct(ng on the K f(le. 3>. KtxKt BxKt P ge 34'

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt 35. PFB; Bl ck's thre t $ s7 BxPch follo$e# b! KFKOch n# KxB. .f 0h(te re)l(es7 35. KRFK3 the ns$er (s KFB' tt ck(ng both the RP n# the Kt. The text +o*e (s uns t(sf ctor!" s (t $(ll be necess r! to #* nce the KP to K; or K=" $here (t $(ll block the #( gon l of one of the B(sho)s. 35. 3M. 34. ':. ... PFK; PFK= KFR3 BFB' KRFB3 BFKtOch KtFKt=66

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S &R S &R S S S &K S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S &B S S S &K S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S &P S &B S S S &P S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S &P S S S LP S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S LP S S S S LP S &KtS S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S LP S S LKtS LB S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S S LB S S S LK S S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S S S S S LR S S LK S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 3=> The beg(nn(ng of + gn(f(cent s cr(f(ces. '3. KxKt c nnot be )l !e# bec use of RxB n# RFK5" etc. '3. BFK; ''. PFKtO KFR=

After PFRO Bl ck $(ns lso (n f(ne st!le7 RxKt66Q 'O. KxKt" KxKQ ';. PxK" BxBQ '=. BxR" RFK> thre ten(ng RFR > + teQ or" 'O. BxR" BxBQ ';. KxB" KFKt>Q '=. PxKt" KFR= + te. ''. 'O. ';. '=. n# + te ... PxK KxR KFKt' RxKt66 RFK566 BxBch RFR>

t R5. GA9E B@. ;:

0h(te7 Rub(nste(n.

Bl ck7 C ) bl nc .

Kueen's G +b(t ,ecl(ne#. 3. '. O. ;. =. PFK; KtFKBO PFB; PxKP KtFBO PFK; PFKB; PFKO KPxP KtFKBO P ge 34O

>. PFKKtO 5. BFKt' M. C stles

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt BFKO BFK' RFB3

Th(s +o*e (s not s t(sf ctor! t th(s juncture. .t r ther hel)s co+b(n t(on $h(ch (s frePuentl! resorte# to (n s(+(l r )os(t(ons" n +el!" the exch nge of the Bl ck KB n# subsePuent )ressure on the KP b! the 0h(te KB on the #( gon l KROFKBM. M. ... KtFBO shoul# h *e been )l !e#" fter FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S &R S &K S &K S S &KtS &R S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S &P S S S &B S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S &KtS S &B S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S &P S &P S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S LP S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S LKtS S S LKtS LP S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S S S LP S LP S LB S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S S LB S LK S S LR S LK S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 3=5 $h(ch 0h(te coul# h r#l! be s (# to )ossess n! #* nt ge" e.g. 4. BFKt=" KtFK=" or 4. BFKO" KtFKKt=" or 4. PFKRO" or 4. PxP" BxPQ 3:. BFKt=" BFK'. After 4. PxP" ho$e*er" (t $oul# be $e k to rec )ture $(th the Kueen. .n g +e E. CohnFE#. % sker H+ tch 34:4I there follo$e#7 4. ... KFR;Q 3:. KtFKKt=" KxPQ 33. BFKO" KF R;Q 3'. KFKtO" fter $h(ch Bl ck h # to g(*e u) ) $n lre #!7 C stles KRQ 3O. KtxB" PxKtQ 3;. BFRO" etc. 4. 3:. 33. 3'. 3O. PxP KtFKKt= KtxB BFRO BFKt= BxP KtFBO PxKt KFK' fter PxP. lO. ...

PFK; (s stronger here" (n or#er to )l ! BFKt= PFK= $oul# then be refute# b! KtFK=. 3O. ... 3;. BxKt C stles KxB

After th(s 0h(te g (ns ) $n b! co+)l(c te# n# $ellFt(+e# co+b(n t(on. C ) bl nc #(# not cons(#er the subtle re)l! on Rub(nste(n's se*enteenth +o*e. @ther$(se he $oul# h *e rec )ture# $(th the ) $n. Ho$e*er" (n th t c se too" 0h(te's ch nces re goo# (n the en#Fg +e $h(ch ensues fter7 3=. KtxP" PxKtQ 3>. KxPch" KFR3Q 35. BxR. The Rooks $oul# soon beco+e effect(*e (n *(e$ of the o)en K s(#e. 3=. KtxP KFRO

BxPch f (ls bec use of 3>. KFKt'" KFB'Q 35. KtFB;6 P ge 34;

3>. KFKt' 35. KFB3

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt KRFK3

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S S &R S S &R S &K S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S &P S S S S S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S &KtS S &P S S S &K S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S &B S LKtS S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S S S S S LP S LB S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S S S LP S LP S LK S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S S LK S S S LR S S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 3=M 35. ... .f RxKt" 0h(te exch nges Kueens 3M. KxB 34. KFKt= ':. KFKO PxKt n# )l !s BxPch. KFK5 KtFK=

0(th n extr ) $n 0h(te forces the exch nge of Kueens. Bl ck c nnot )re*ent (t" s ':. ... KxKtP loses the Kn(ght on ccount of '3. KRFKt3" n# ':. ... KFKt= loses the KP b! '3. KRFK3 n# BF K>ch. ':. ... '3. PxK ''. BFKt; KxK KRFK3

KRFK3 $oul# not )re*ent the entr! of the Bl ck Rook7 KtFB5Q 'O. RxRch" RxRQ ';. RFKB3" RFK5Q '=. BFKt;" RFK5. Bl ck $oul# $(n the ) $n b ck n# +(ght e*en succee# (n the en#Fg +e $(th Kn(ght g (nst B(sho). ''. ... 'O. KRFK3 ';. RxR RFKO RxR RFKKtO

Bl ck shoul# f(rst )l ! h(s K(ng to KBO" n# kee) the Rook $ ! fro+ h(s K=. Bot th t the KP (s of ) r +ount (+)ort nceQ the KKtP full! + kes u) for (ts loss. But s )l !e# the Kn(ght (s #r(*en fro+ h(s #o+(n t(ng )os(t(on" n# the b #l! )l ce# B(sho) gets (nto )l !. Bo #oubt e*en fter the text +o*e the en#(ng (s +ost #(ff(cult" n# (t rePu(res Rub(nste(n's full )o$ers to br(ng (t to successful (ssue. '=. '>. '5. 'M. '4. RFK= RxP BFK>ch RFB=ch BFB5ch RxP KtFBO KFB3 KFK3 KFK' P ge 34=

O:. BFB;

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt PFKRO

Bl ck's onl! ch nce (s h(s extr ) $n on the K s(#e. To exch nge the Kt for the B b! O:. ... KFKOQ O3. RFB 5" KtFK;Q O'. RxKKtP" KtxB $oul# t ke too +uch t(+e $here t(+e (s llF(+)ort nt. 0h(te $oul# cle r the K s(#e (n the +e nt(+e" )ush on h(s KRP" n# ult(+ tel! g(*e u) h(s R for Bl ck's re+ (n(ng P" s soon s the l tter runs (nto Kueen" fter $h(ch the three ) sse# ) $ns $(n e s(l! g (nst the Rook. Gener ll! s)e k(ng (t (s $(se" (n R en#(ngs l(ke the )resent one" to #* nce ) $ns on the s(#e $here there (s n extr ) $n" (n or#er to get ) sse# ) $n s soon s )oss(ble. Then the host(le Rook h s to look fter th t ) $n lest (t shoul# Pueen" n# the gre ter +ob(l(t! of one's o$n Rook often s *es the g +e e*en $hen o))ose# b! )re)on#er nce of ) $ns. O3. O'. OO. O;. O=. O>. O5. OM. RFB5ch RxKKtP BFKtM RxP PFR; RFR>ch RFR=ch BFK= KFKO PFKt; PFKR; PFR= PFKt= KFB; KFKtO PFKt>

RxP (s te+)t(ng but un * (l(ng" s 0h(te )l !s BFB; follo$e# b! RFKt=ch n# PFR=F>" etc. After the text +o*e 0h(te h s )roble+F l(ke cont(nu t(on" $h(ch he h s $orke# out $(th gre t ccur c!. O4. PxP ;:. BxKt PFR>

.f no$ PFR5" 0h(te s(+)l! )l !s ;3. RFKt=ch" KFROQ ;'. RFKtMFRM. ;:. ... ;3. BFK= ;'. RFR>ch RxKtP PFR5 Res(gns.

As the R hol#s the RP" e.g. KFR;Q ;O. BFB; follo$e# b! RFR>ch or ;'. ... KFR'Q ;O. RFRM" etc. GA9E B@. ;3 0h(te7 B(e+No$(tsch. Bl ck7 T rr sch.

Kueen's G +b(t ,ecl(ne#. 3. '. O. ;. =. >. 5. M. 4. 3:. 33. PFK; KtFKBO PFB; PFKO BFKO C stles PFKKtO BFKt' KKtFK' RFB3 PxKP PFK; PFKB; PFKO KtFKBO KtFBO BFKO C stles PFKKtO BFKt' KFK'

The +ost n tur l +o*e to $h(ch the #e*elo)+ent of the KKt t K' (nste # of BO $oul# see+ to le # (s KtFK= follo$e# b! PFB;. After 33. KtFK= Bl ck coul# not !et tte+)t 33. ... PxKPQ 3'. KPxP" BF R>" $e ken(ng the KP" bec use of 3O. BxB" KxBQ 3;. PxP" KtxKtQ P ge 34>

3=.

PxKt" KtxPQ 3>. KtFB; 33. ... 3'. KtFR;

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt n# KtFK>. KPxP

.n or#er to )ro*oke Bl ck's $e ken(ng +o*e7 PFKtO" $h(ch +(ght g(*e 0h(te ch nces of tt ck on the long #( gon l KR3FKRM" 0h(te g(*es u) t$o cle r +o*es. Bl ck (s ble to get cons(#er bl! he # (n h(s #e*elo)+ent" +uch to 0h(te's #(s #* nt ge. 3'. ... 3O. KKtFBO Bot KtFK= !et" on KtxP. 3;. PxP 0h(te's )os(t(on (s unco+fort ble" n# s t(sf ctor! cont(nu t(on (s h r# to f(n#. Poss(bl! ) ss(*e res(st nce +(ght h *e been the best )l n" thus7 KFK'" KRFK3" KtFB3FKtO. The text +o*e (s )rel(+(n r! to o)er t(ons on the Kueen's s(#e" but llo$s Bl ck too +uch sco)e (n the centre. 3;. ... 3=. BFKt= PxP PFKtO KRFK sP

ccount of 3;. PxP" PxPUQ 3=. BxKt" PxBQ 3>.

0h(te $(shes to get r(# of the Bl ck Kn(ght $h(ch su))orts the #* nce of PFK=. 3=. ... 3>. BxKt 35. KFB' KtFK= BxB

0h(te h s no (#e of the thre tene# #(s ster" or he $oul# h *e )l !e# PFKKtO. E*en then" ho$e*er" Bl ck h s the better g +e $(th t$o B(sho)s" n# the K n# Kt better )l ce#. 35. ... The beg(nn(ng of KtxKt br(ll( nt + t(ng co+b(n t(on. PFK=6

3M. KtxKt

Bl ck $oul# h *e )l !e# the s +e +o*e (f 0h(te h # ret ken $(th the Kueen. 34. PxP PFK; $ s co+) r t(*el! the best +o*e" lthough Bl ck's tt ck $oul# h *e beco+e o*er$hel+(ng fter PFB;" e.g. ':. PFBO" BFB=" etc. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S S &R S S &R S &K S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S S S S &K S &P S S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S &B S &B S S S &P S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S &P S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S LP S S S S S P ge 345

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S LP S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LB S LK S LKtS S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S LR S S S LR S LK S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 3=4 34. ... ':. KxB '3. KFKt3 BxPch66 KFR=ch BxP6

E+ nuel % sker $on celebr te# g +e fro+ B uer HA+ster# +" 3MM4I $(th s(+(l r s cr(f(ce of t$o B(sho)s" n# *er! l(kel! th(s (s the re son $h! T rr sch's be ut(ful g +e onl! e rne# h(+ the secon# br(ll( nc! )r(Ne t Petrogr # H343;I. ''. PFBO .f KxB" then KFKt=chQ 'O. KFR3" RFK;Q ';. KxP" RFR;chQ '=. KxR" KxKchQ '>. KFKt'" KFKt;ch n# KxKt. ''. ... KRFK3

Bot KFKt>" bec use of KtFK;. 'O. ';. '=. '>. '5. 'M. KtFK; KFB' PFK= KFBO KFKO PxR KFRMch BxR PFB; KFKt5ch RxKtch6 PFB=ch

0(th KFKt>ch Bl ck + tes t$o +o*es e rl(er. '4. KxP O:. KFK= O3. KFK> Res(gns. RFB3ch KFR5ch RFK3ch

.f KFK5" BFKt; + te" (f KFB>" KFR= + te. <1@@TB@TE7 E+ nuel % skerFB uer7 3. PFKB;" PFK;Q '. PFKO" KtFKBOQ O. PFKKtO" PFKOQ ;. BFKt'" BFK'Q =. BFKO" PFKKtOQ >. KtFKBO" BF Kt'Q 5. KtFBO" KKtFK'Q M. C stles" C stlesQ 4. KtFK'" PFB;Q 3:. KtFKtO" KFB'Q 33. KtFK=" KtxKtQ 3'. BxKt" KFBOQ 3O. KFK'" PFKROQ 3;. KtFR=" KtxKtQ 3=. BxPch66" KxBQ 3>. KxKtch" KFKt3Q 35. BxP6" KxBQ 3M. KFKt;ch" KFR'Q 34. RFBO" PFK;Q ':. RFROch" KFROQ '3. RxK" KxRQ ''. KFK5" n# 0h(te $on.? GA9E Bo. ;' 0h(te7 C ) bl nc . Bl ck7 Aljech(n. n# =MI.

Kueen's G +b(t ,ecl(ne# Hsee )). =5 3. PFK; '. PFKB; O. PFKO PFK; PFKBO KtFBO

P ge 34M

;. =. >. 5. M.

KtFKBO KKtFK' BFKO C stles KFB'

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt PFKO KKtFK' BFK' C stles

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S S &B S &K S S &R S &K S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S &P S S &KtS &B S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S &P S S &P S &KtS S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S S &P S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S LP S LP S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S S LB S LP S LKtS S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S LK S LKtS S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S S LB S S S LR S LK S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 3>: Bl ck's #(ff(cult! (s the #e*elo)+ent of h(s KB" ) rt(cul rl! fter 0h(te's l st +o*e" $h(ch )re*ents PFK;. .f no$ KFB' 0h(te )l !s 4. PFK; n# e(ther the Kueen or the Kn(ght be r on K=" e.g. 4. ... PxKPQ 3:. KtxP" PFK;Q 33. KKtFKt=" BFKOQ 3'. PFB=" etc. Bl ck therefore +ust #e*elo) h(s KB t Kt' $(th PFKKtO" BFKt' n# PFB;. H *(ng +o*e# the KBP t$(ce" Bl ck (s +o*e beh(n# the #e*elo)+ent usu l (n th(s o)en(ng. Ho$e*er" (t $oul# h *e been the lesser e*(l. .n the )resent g +e the B(sho) #oes not get (nto )l ! (n t(+e. M. 4. 3:. 33. 3'. ... KtxP KKtFK= PxP KtFKt= PxP PFB; PxP KtFKtO

.f Bl ck c )tures the ) $n" 0h(te g (ns t(+e b! thre ten(ng the Kueen" n# br(ngs ll h(s forces (nto )l !" $h(lst the Bl ck Kueen's s(#e re+ (ns un#e*elo)e#" e.g.7 3'. ... KxPQ 3O. RFK3" KFB;Q 3;. KtFKt;" PFKtOQ 3=. BFKO" KFR;Q 3>. RFB3" $(th strong tt ck. Bl ck of course nee# not t ke the ) $n" but the +o*e (n the text (s * lu ble one ne*ertheless" s the thre t KFBOFRO )ro*okes $e ken(ng ) $n +o*e. 3'. ... 3O. KKtFBO PFKtO KFKt' t R>.

)re*ent(ng the entr! of the B 3;. BFKKt= 3=. KRFB3 3>. KFK' KKtFK; BFK' KtFKt3

.t shoul# be note# ho$ the $e kness t KRO cts to the #etr(+ent of Bl ck's g +e. The text +o*e co*ers the $e k sPu re" but t the P ge 344

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt s +e t(+e br(ngs the Kt out of )l !. 0h(te (n consePuence gets the u))erFh n# on the Kueen's s(#e" n# the Kn(ght c nnot return (n t(+e. 35. BxB KxB n#

.t $oul# be no use t k(ng $(th the KKt" s the thre t KtFKt; KFR> +ust be gu r#e# g (nst. .f the other Kt c )tures there follo$s7 3M. BFK;" RFKt3Q 34. RFBO n# KRFB3. 3M. BFK; BFKt;

Th(s #r(*es the Rook to better sPu re" but lre #! no$ there (s no s t(sf ctor! +o*e. .t $oul# )erh )s h *e been best to ) rr! the thre t of BxKt n# RFB5 b! )l !(ng KFKO" lthough the ) $n $oul# h *e to rec )ture fter 34. BxKt" bec use of ':. RFB= n# KRFB3. The ch nce of be r(ng on the KP through the o)en f(le" $h(ch $ s )rob bl! Bl ck's (ntent(on ll long" $oul# then be lost. After the text +o*e" ho$e*er" 0h(te t kes )ossess(on of the se*enth r nk" n# Bl ck's g +e coll )ses Pu(ckl!. 34. ':. '3. ''. 'O. KtFKt= KRFK3 BxKt KFR= KFB5 RxK KFKO PxB PFKRO KxK PFRO

n# KtFK>ch $ s thre tene#. ';. '=. '>. '5. RxP PFKKtO PFKR; KtFR;6 KRFB3 RFB5 BFK5 PFKR;

The KtP c nnot be s *e#. 'M. KKtxP '4. RxPch RFK3 Res(gns.

GA9E Bo. ;O 0h(te7 C ) bl nc . Bl ck7 Bernste(n.

Kueen's G +b(t ,ecl(ne#. 3. '. O. ;. =. >. 5. PFK; KtFKBO PFB; KtFBO BFKt= PFKO BFKO PFK; KtFKBO PFKO KKtFK' BFK' PFBO PxP

Before (n(t( t(ng th(s + noeu*re" $h(ch (+s t the #e*elo)+ent of the Kueen's $(ng" Bl ck shoul# c stle" s other$(se the K(ng (s ex)ose# to # ngerous n# (++e#( te tt cks (n the centre. M. BxBP 4. BFKO PFKt; PFKRO

The s!ste+ of o)en(ng chosen b! Bl ck h s been tr(e# frePuentl! of l te. .t see+s to be so+e$h t rt(f(c( l" s the KB P $n t kes P ge '::

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt t$o +o*es to get to h(s fourth. @n the other h n# the ) $n for+ t(on t KRO" KKt;" n# KB; (s tt (ne#" $h(lst (t c n be )re*ente# (n other * r( t(ons" e.g. >. ... C stlesQ 5. BFKO" PxPQ M. BxP" PFKROQ 4 PFKR;. 3:. PFK; PFK;

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S S &B S &K S &K S S S &R S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S S S &KtS &B S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S &P S S &P S S S &KtS S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S &P S S S &P S S LB S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S LP S LP S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S LKtS LB S S LKtS S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S S S S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S S S LK S LK S S S LR S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 3>3 Bl ck's onl! )l us(ble +o*e here see+s to be PFB;" n# + n! cr(t(cs h *e re+ rke# th t fter 33. PFK=" PxP6Q 3'. KtFK; H(f PxKt" PxKtI KtxKtQ 3O. BxKt" RFKKt3Q 3;. BxB" KxBQ 3=. KxP" KFB;Q the g +e $oul# h *e been e*en. Ho$e*er" th(s (s not the c se" for on the 3=th +o*e 0h(te #oes not c )ture the ) $n $(th the K but $(th the Kt n# Bl ck h s no s t(sf ctor! cont(nu t(on. .f he h # c stle# he coul# )l ! l=. ... BFKt' $h(ch no$ (s not * (l ble bec use of7 3>. KtFB>" BxKtQ 35. BxB" $(th n o*er$hel+(ng #* nt ge (n )os(t(on for 0h(te. 0h(te's refut t(on of the text +o*e (s bo*e cr(t(c(s+. 33. PxP 3'. BFKB; KtFKt= BFB;

.f KFB'" 0h(te $oul# )l ! RFB3" fter $h(ch Bl ck coul# not rec )ture the KP !et" s the KBP (s en )r(se. 3O. ... KKtxPQ 3;. KtxKt" KtxKtQ 3=. KtFK=" KFKOQ 3>. BxKt" KxBQ 34. RxP" etc. 3O. C stles 3;. RFB3 KFB' PFBO ccount of the loss of the KBP" s

Ag (n KtxP (s not fe s(ble on c n be e s(l! seen. 3=. BFKtO PxP

Bl ck's g +e c nnot be s *e#. .f l=. ... KtHKt=IxKP there follo$s 3>. KtxKt" KtxKtQ 35. KtFK=" KFKOQ 3M. BxKt" PxBQ 34. RxB" or 3>. ... PxKtQ 35. KFR=ch" PFKtO" 3M. KFR>. 3>. PFKt;6 Bo$ 0h(te (n(t( tes br(ll( nt tt ck" #r(*(ng (t ho+e $(thout g(*(ng Bl ck +o+ent's rest. .f Bl ck t kes the ) $n" 0h(te )l !s KtFK;" $(th + n! thre ts" e.g. PFB;Q 3M. KtFK=" KFKOQ 34. P ge ':3

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt KtFK>" or l5. ... KtHKt=IFBOQ 3M. KtFK>" etc. 3>. ... 35. BxKtP BFR'

The s cr(f(ce (s f (rl! ob*(ous" s 0h(te obt (ns three ) $ns for the )(ece" n# +oreo*er #r(*es the K(ng (nto the f(el# of b ttle. Ho$e*er" th(s #oes not #etr ct fro+ the be ut! of the g +e" $h(ch (s full of br(ll( nt )h ses. 35. ... 3M. KtxKtP RPxB KFK3

@r KFKtOQ 34. KtFK>ch" KFK'Q ':. KtFB=ch" follo$e# b! KFK>. 34. KtFK>ch ':. RxP KFB3 KtFKtO

The thre t $ s7 '3. KFK=" KtFROQ ''. KtxB" RxKtQ 'O. RFK>" etc. ':. ... KtHK'IFBO (s of no * (l bec use of '3. KFKtO" KtFROQ ''. KtxP" or '3. ... KFK'Q ''. KRFB3" etc. '3. BFR; ''. KtxB6 KFK' KxR

Bot RxKt bec use of 'O. KxK. Bo$ Bl ck (s $hole Rook he #. But (t (s s +uch out of )l ! s h(s Kueen's s(#e )(eces. The K(ng (s #r(*en (nto + t(ng net b! the concentr t(on of su)er(or 0h(te forces" n# onl! esc )es b! g(*(ng u) the extr )(ece. 'O. ';. '=. '>. KFKMch BFK5ch KtFK>ch KtFR;ch KFK3 KFB' KFKtO KFR;

.f KFRO there follo$s + te (n three b! '5. KtHK>IFB=chQ 'M. KtF KtOchQ '4. BFKt= + te. '5. 'M. '4. O:. KtxK KtxPch KtHKt5IFB=ch PFKRO6 RxK KFRO KFR;

Th(s thre tens O3. PxKtch" KxPQ O'. PFBOch" follo$e# b! PFKtO or Kt; + te. .f Bl ck )l !s O:. KRFKKt3" 0h(te $(ns s follo$s7 O3. PxKtch" RxPQ O'. PFBO" KtFB3chQ OO. KFR'" KtxBQ O;. PxRch" KxPQ O=. KtxKt" K x KtQ O>. RFB5. .f O:. ... KtFROQ O3. KtFKt5 + te. O:. O3. O'. OO. O;. O=. O>. O5. OM. O4. ;:. ;3. ;'. ;O. ;;. ... PxKtch BxR PFKtO KFKt' PFR; KtFKOch PFR= KtHR;IFB= PFKt= KFBO PFR> RFB3 PFKt;ch RFB5 KtFB3 KxP RxB RFK5 RFK5 KtFKtO KFR; KtFK' KtFBO BFK= RFR5 BFR' RFKt5 KFKt; RxPch P ge ':'

;=. KxR ;>. KFBO

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt KtxKtPch Res(gns.

GA9E B@. ;; 0h(te7 ,us Chot(+(rsk(. Bl ck7 2(#+ r.

Kueen's P $n G +e. 3. '. O. ;. PFK; KtFKBO PFBO BFB; PFK; PFKB; PFKO

0e h *e seen on ) ge == th t Bl ck c n h r#l! #e*elo) h(s KB $(thout #(s #* nt ge. 0h(te" ho$e*er" h s no #(ff(cult! (n #o(ng so" s h(s KP (s )rotecte#" n# fter Bl ck's KFKtO he h s onl! to look fter h(s KtP. He coul# )l ! KFB3" $h(ch +(ght br(ng the K (nto effect(*e ct(on on the #( gon l to R>. The (+ of the text +o*e (s the e rl! occu) t(on of K=. But" s the )resent g +e sho$s" th(s c nnot be effecte#. Bl ck +ust not $ ste t(+e $(th KFKtO" but )l ! BFKO t once. ;. =. >. 5. M. 4. ... PFKO KKtFK' BFKtO KtFK= PxB KtFKBO KtFBO BFKO C stles BxKt6 KtFK'

Bo$ 0h(te h s no +e ns of + (nt (n(ng h(s centre. 0hether he su))orts the ) $n $(th KtFBO or PFKB;" Bl ck forces + tters $(th PFBO. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S S &B S &K S S &R S &K S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S &P S S &KtS S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S &KtS S &P S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S &P S &P S LP S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S LP S S LP S S LB S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S S LKtS S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S S S LK S LK S LB S S LR S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 3>' Bo$ th t the (#e un#erl!(ng 0h(te's o)en(ng str teg! h s )ro*e# (+)r ct(c ble" he h s #(ff(cult! (n for+ul t(ng )l n. 9 k(ng the best of b # job" he b n#ons h(s KP (n exch nge for Bl ck's KRP. But Bl ck obt (ns )o$erful ) $n centre" tell(ng #* nt ge. P ge ':O

3:. 33. 3'. 3O. 3;. 3=.

BFKO BxKt BxPch KFR=ch KxKt KFR=

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt KKtxP KtxB KxB KFKt3 PFBO KFKtO

Bl ck $(shes to )ro*oke the #* nce of the KKtP n# KBP (n or#er to obt (n ) sse# ) $n H3>. PFKKtO" PFK;Q 35. C stles KR" KFR;Q 3M. PFKB;" PFK=I. .n or#er to *o(# th(s cont(nu t(on" 0h(te t kes h(s ch nce of c stl(ng on the Kueen's s(#e. Th(s turns out to Bl ck's #* nt ge. .n#ee# (t (s foregone conclus(on. .n the ensu(ng #ouble ss ult b! ) $ns" Bl ck (s se*er l +o*es he #" s the 0h(te ) $ns concerne# (n the tt ck re st(ll on the(r or(g(n l sPu res. 3>. 35. 3M. 34. ':. '3. C stles KR PFKKt; PFKB; PFKt= KxP PxP PFK; PFK= BFK' PxKtP RxP BPxP6

1(nel! )l !e#. Bl ck g(*es u) h(s KP (n or#er to get h(s KR (nto )l ! $(th the g (n of +o*e. ''. KxP 'O. KFKtO ';. KRFK3 RFK3 KRFK5

KRFKt3 $oul# lso be of no * (l bec use of KFKRO" '=. KFKO" KF KBO thre ten(ng BFB;. The +o*e (n the text )uts n en# to the gon!. ';. ... Res(gns. RxKt66

1or fter '=. RxR" RxRQ '>. KxR" KxPchQ '5. KFKO" BFB;chQ 'M. RF K;" KFB>chQ '4. KFK'" KxKQ Bl ck re+ (ns $(th n extr )(ece. GA9E Bo. ;= 0h(te7 Rub(nste(n. Bl ck7 S)(el+ nn.

.rregul r @)en(ng. 3. PFK; PFKB;

0(th th(s +o*e Bl ck tr(es to *o(# $ellFtro##en ) ths of tourn +ent )r ct(ce. 0h(te c n" t $(ll" le # (nto )e ceful Kueen's G +b(t b! '. PFKO or (nto S(c(l( n ,efence b! PFK;. .t (s +ore usu l" ho$e*er" to )l ! PFK=" $h(ch blocks u) the Bl ck centre to so+e extent. .f '. PxP" Bl ck reg (ns h(s ) $n #(s #* nt ge. '. PFK= O. PFKB; PFKO fter PFKO $(thout n!

Cou)le# $(th ;. PFK;" th(s +o*e (s of #oubtful * lue" s Bl ck g (ns co++ n# of 0h(te's K;. .t (s #*(s ble to kee) the KBP P ge ':;

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt b ck" thus ret (n(ng the o)t(on of #r(*(ng off host(le )(ece fro+ K; b! PFKBO. 9oreo*er" the 0h(te KB (s he++e# (n b! the ) $n t KB;. O. ... ;. PFK; =. BFKO PFKKtO BFKt' PFKO

The #e*elo)+ent of the KKt (s not #es(r ble t BO" $here (t $oul# block the long #( gon l. 1ro+ K'" ho$e*er" (t co++ n#s KB;" $here (t c n t ke u) strong )os(t(on fter the exch nge of ) $ns (n the centre" or else (t c n su))ort the #* nce of the KBP. >. KtFKBO 5. KKtFK' KtFK'

KtFBO $oul# h *e been sl(ghtl! better" bec use the Bl ck KKt +(ght )l ! to h(s K;. 5. ... M. KPxP 4. PFB; PxP KtFK'

Th(s +o*e $e kens the K(ng's )os(t(on" n# $oul# be just(f(e# onl! (f there $ s )oss(b(l(t! of o)en(ng the f(le for the Rook b! PFB=. But Bl ck h s too strong hol# on h(s KB;. The text +o*e (+s t )re*ent(ng the exch nge of 0h(te's KB through Bl ck's KtFK;. .t $oul# h *e been better to $(th#r $ the B to B'. 4. ... 3:. KtFKtO KtFKBO PFKR;6

Bo$ 0h(te c nnot enforce PFB=" s Bl ck c n tt ck the Kn(ght b! PFR=. 0h(te c nnot )re*ent th(s $(th PFKR;" s the Bl ck Kn(ght $oul# t ke u) co++ n#(ng )os(t(on t Kt=. Bl ck's g +e (s su)er(or. He c n concentr te ll h(s +(nor )(eces on the K(ng's $(ng" $h(le 0h(te's KB (s (neffect(*e on ccount of the (llF cons(#ere# #* nce of the KBP. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S S &B S &K S &K S S S &R S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S &P S S S &KtS &P S &B S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S S &P S S &KtS &P S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S &P S LP S S S S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S LP S S S LP S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S LKtS LB S S S LKtS S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LP S S S S S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S S LB S LK S LK S S S LR S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 3>O 33. C stles 3'. KKtFK; 3O. BxKt PFR= KtxKt P ge ':=

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt 0h(te h s to c )ture $(th the B" (n or#er to exch nge the Bl ck Kn(ght (f (t shoul# )l ! to B;. After 3O. KtxKt" BFK=chQ 3;. KF R3" KtFB;Q 0h(te's Kn(ght $oul# not be ble to +o*e fro+ K; on ccount of the thre t7 KtFKt>ch. Sooner or l ter" Bl ck $oul# get #ec(#(ng #* nt ge b! enforc(ng the exch nge of 0h(te's Kn(ght" e.g. 3=. KFK3" KFK'Q 3>. RFKKt3" BFK'Q 35. PFKKtO" C stles KRQ 3M. BFKt'" KxKtQ 34. BxK" KtFKt>chQ ':. KxKt" PxKQ '3. PFKRO" BxPQ ''. PxB" RxPchQ 'O. KFKt'" RFR5chQ ';. KxP" RxBQ or '3. BxB" RxPch" follo$e# b! PxB n# KRFR3. 3O. ... 3;. KFR3 3=. BxKt 0h(te (s hel)less BFK=ch KtFB; BxB g (nst the t$o )o$erful B(sho)s. KFB3

3>. RFK3ch

Bl ck forfe(ts h(s ch nce of c stl(ng" not gre t loss un#er the c(rcu+st nces. .n n! c se h(s KR (s nee#e# on the Rook's f(le" n# Bl ck $oul# onl! h *e c stle# on the Kueen's s(#e (f t ll. 35. KFBO Here PFKRO $ s essent( l (n or#er to )re*ent the further #* nce of the KRP. The $e kness t KtO $oul# not h *e been so ser(ous (n the bsence of Bl ck Kn(ght. Bo$ Bl ck forces the #* nce of 0h(te's KKtP" n# the B(sho)s beco+e (++e#( tel! effect(*e. 35. ... 3M. PFKKtO not PFKKt; on PFR>

ccount of KFR=. KFK' BFKt= n# 0h(te c nnot exch nge Kueens

3M. ... 34. BFK' ':. KFB3

.f KFKO" Bl ck )l !s KFB; bec use of BFB> + te. ':. ... thre ten(ng KFB5. '3. KRFB3 ''. BFKO

KFB;

KFKt' BFBO

Bl ck +ust not exch nge h(s * lu ble B(sho). 'O. PFKtO ';. BFB' KRFK3

There (s no ns$er to Bl ck's thre t of #oubl(ng the Rooks on the K f(le. .f 0h(te )l !s KFB'" Bl ck's Kueen effects n entr! t K>" fter $h(ch he $oul# #ouble h(s Rooks" n# 0h(te's B(sho) c nnot be #efen#e#. After the text +o*e" Bl ck forces the exch nge of h(s t$o Rooks for the Kueen. Gener ll! s)e k(ng" th(s (s no #(s #* nt ge" but (n consePuence of the ex)ose# )os(t(on of the 0h(te K(ng" (t +e ns s)ee#! loss for 0h(te. ';. ... BFB>ch P ge ':>

'=. KFKt3 '>. RxR '5. RxR

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt BFKt5 BxK KFK>6

.f no$ RxB Bl ck )l !s KFB>. 'M. RFKM .n or#er to )l ! RFKO (f Bl ck )l !s BxKt. 'M. '4. O:. O3. O'. ... KxB BFKt3 KFK3 KFK' Res(gns KFB>6 KFRMch KFKt5ch KxBch KxPch

for the ) $n Pueens. GA9E B@. ;> 0h(te7 G. A. Tho+ s. Bl ck7 E#. % sker.

.rregul r @)en(ng Hco+) re G +e Bo. ;=I. 3. '. O. ;. =. PFK; PFK= PFKB; KtFKBO BFK' PFKB; PFKO PFKKtO BFKt'

Th(s (s not necess r!. Bl ck coul# h r#l! exch nge h(s B for the KtQ the $e kness t h(s KBO n# KRO $oul# beco+e too ser(ous #(s #* nt ge. =. ... >. PFK; 5. KtxP6 PFKO PxP

.n *(e$ of the f ct th t Bl ck's )os(t(on fter BP or KPxP $oul# be *er! )ro+(s(ng" s ll h(s )(eces $oul# be e s! to br(ng (nto )l !" 0h(te #ec(#es u)on the s cr(f(ce of ) $n" (n or#er to further h(s o$n #e*elo)+ent. 5. M. 4. 3:. ... RFKt3 KFR;ch KKtFBO BxP BFKt' KtFBO s Bl ck )l !s 3'.

KtFKt>" RFKt sPQ 33. BFR= le #s to noth(ng" KK'. 3:. ... PFKRO

.f Bl ck )l !s KKtFK' t once" h(s )os(t(on beco+es so+e$h t cr +)e# fter 33. BFKt=" C stlesQ 3'. KtFB>ch" KFR3Q 3O. KFK3. 33. BFKO 3'. C stles 3O. KFB' Th(s KtFK' C stles PFKtO

llo$s the #e*elo)+ent of the KB. P ge ':5

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt 3;. BFBO 3=. KPxKt KtxKt KtFK;

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S S &B S &K S S &R S &K S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S &P S S S S S &P S &B S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S &P S S &P S S S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S &P S LP S &KtS S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S LP S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S LB S LB S S LKtS S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S S LK S S S LP S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S LR S S S S LR S LK S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 3>; KtFK' shoul# h *e been )l !e# here (n or#er to )l ! BxBQ 35. KxB" BFKt= $(th KtFB;" (n ns$er to 3>. KFKt'. Bl ck (s st(ll o)en to tt ck (n consePuence of h(s broken K(ng's s(#e" but there (s no #e+onstr ble #* nt ge for 0h(te. The text +o*e (s +(st ke" n# g(*es 0h(te ch nces of #ec(s(*e tt ck. 3>. KtxKt 35. BxB 3M. BxP6 BxKt PxB KFKt;

@f course not PxB" on ccount of 34. KxPch" KFR3Q ':. KxPch" KF Kt3Q '3. RFKtO" etc. 3M. ... PFB; f (ls bec use of 34. RFKtO. 34. BFK; ':. PFB;66 PFB; PxP" 0h(te s(+)l! *e the en#Fg +e" ts" ho$e*er" there ) $ns for the B

Th(s eleg nt cont(nu t(on #ec(#es the g +e. .f )l !s '3. BFKO" n# Bl ck c n h r#l! ho)e to s s h(s ) $ns re broken u). .f the Kueen retre follo$s7 '3. PxP" n# 0h(te obt (ns t$o ) sse# n# h s the su)er(or )os(t(on. ':. '3. ''. 'O. ';. '=. '>. '5. 'M. '4. ... PxP RxRch RFKB3 KxP RFB; KFB' KxK PFK> RxP KFKt' PGB KxR KFKt' KFKt= KFKMch KFK=ch PxK BFRO RFB3ch

.f KFB3" O:. PFK>. O:. KFKO O3. KFK; O'. PFK> RFBO RFB5 RFK5ch P ge ':M

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt He +(ght )l ! KFK=" OO. KFKO fter $h(ch BFKt'ch h s )o(nts. Res(gns.

GA9E Bo. ;5 0h(te7 T rt ko$er. Bl ck7 AsNt los.

,utch @)en(ng. 3. PFKB; PFK;

.t h s been tr(e# to refute 0h(te's nonF#e*elo)(ng f(rst +o*e b! ) $n s cr(f(ce7 3. ... PFK;Q $h(ch le #s to r )(# +ob(l(s t(on of the Bl ck forces fter '. PxP" PFKOQ O. PxP" BxP. But th(s tt ckFFc lle# the 1ro+ G +b(tFF#oes not see+ to )re* (l g (nst the best #efence. .n + tch g +e" T rt ko$erFS)(el+ nn H2(enn " 343OI" 0h(te $on s follo$s7 ;. KtFKBO" PFKKt;Q =. PFK;" PFKt=Q >. KtFK=" KtFKBOQ 5. KtxKt" PxKtQ M. PFKKtO" PFKR;Q 4. BFKt'" PFR=Q 3:. KFKO" BFK'Q 33. KtF BO" RFKt3Q 3'. C stles" PxPQ 3O. PxP" PFKB;Q 3;. BFB;" BxBQ 3=. RxB" KFKt;Q 3>. KtFK;" KFROQ 35. KtxP" KtFBOQ 3M. KtxB" KtxKtQ 34. KFK;ch" KFK3Q ':. RxBP" RFK3Q '3. KxP" KFK>chQ ''. KFB3" Res(gns. 0hen Bl ck )l !s PFKB; (n ns$er to 3. PFK; $e h *e the ,utch ,efence. After 3. PFK;" PFKB;" 0h(te c n lso s cr(f(ce ) $n b! '. PFK;" n# thereb! obt (n f r +ore f *our ble )os(t(on th n Bl ck #oes (n 1ro+'s g +b(t" s he (s +o*e to the goo#" h *(ng lre #! #* nce# h(s KP" e.g. '. PFK;" PxPQ O. KtFKBO" KtFKBOQ ;. PFBO or ;. BFKt= n# then PFBO. .f Bl ck c )tures the KBP" 0h(te obt (ns )o$erful tt ck. A #r st(c ex +)le (s foun# (n the follo$(ng l(ttle g +e" )l !e# b! t$o stu#ents (n n c #e+(c tourn +ent t Petrogr #7 ;. PFBO" PxPQ =. KtxP" PFKOQ >. BFKKt=" BFK'Q 5. BFKO" C stlesQ M. C stles" PFKKtOQ 4. KtFK=" BFKt'Q 3:. BxKt" BxBQ 33. BxPch" KxBQ 3'. KFR=ch" KFKt3Q 3O. KtFKt>" RFK3Q 3;. KFRMch" KFB'Q 3=. KtFK=ch" KFK'Q 3>. KxPch66" BxKQ 35. RF B5ch" KFKOQ 3M. KtFKt=ch" KFK;Q 34. PFB;ch" KFK=Q ':. RFK3 + te. Bl ck's best ns$er (s to )l ! PFK; fter 0h(te's ;. PFKBO H=. BFKt=" BFB;I. .f ;. BFKt=" (t (s not !et )oss(ble to )l ! PFK; bec use of the thre t7 BxKt" KFR=ch" n# KxKP. .n th t c se Bl ck +ust f(rst )l ! PFKBO" fter $h(ch 0h(te g (n obt (ns strong tt ck b! PFKBO. Bl ck c n *o(# the tt cks $h(ch follo$ fter 3. PFK;" PFKB;Q '. PFK;" b! )l !(ng PFKO on h(s f(rst +o*e" n# then le # (nto the ,utch #efence $(th PFKB; on h(s secon# +o*e. He +ust" ho$e*er" reckon $(th h *(ng to )l ! the 1rench #efence $h(ch 0h(te c n br(ng bout $(th '. PFK;. '. O. ;. =. PFKO KtFKBO PFKKtO BFKt= PFKO PFKB; KtFKBO KtFBO !e# BFK' here" s 0h(te c n exch nge t B>" #ouble# ) $n. Th(s (n (tself (s not )resent )os(t(on (t (s ser(ous" s Bl ck (n f(n#(ng )l ce for h(s KB. 1or there (s P ge ':4

Bl ck shoul# h *e )l le *(ng Bl ck $(th #r $b ck" but (n the $(ll h *e #(ff(cult!

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt no )ros)ect of enforc(ng PFK;" s 0h(te co++ n#s th t sPu re (n suff(c(ent force. >. 5. M. 4. 3:. BFKt' C stles BxKKt KtFK= PFKO BFK' C stles PxB KFB' PFKR;

Bl ck's tte+)t of c )tur(ng h(s K; b! )l !(ng KtFK' n# PFBO" 0h(te $oul# cross t once $(th KFKt;. 0(th the text +o*e Bl ck beg(ns o)er t(ons on the K s(#e" $h(ch (s Pu(te correct" s 0h(te h s the u))er h n# on the other $(ng. 33. KFK' 0h(te shoul# h *e )re*ente# the further #* nce of the Bl ck RP b! 33. PFKR;. Th(s $oul# h *e been soun# )ol(c! (n n! c se" s the R f(le coul# not h *e been force# o)en for the Bl ck Rooks. 33. ... 3'. KtFK' PFR= PxP

Pre+ ture. The c )ture (s onl! of * lue (f the f(le c n be hel#. To th t en# (t (s f(rst necess r! to )l ! BFKt' n# to occu)! the R f(le $(th Rooks n# Kueen. After the exch nge of Rooks" Bl ck (s t #(s #* nt ge for the en#Fg +e bec use of the (neff(c(enc! of the KB. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S &R S S &B S S S &R S &K S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S S &K S S &B S &P S &P S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S &P S S &P S &KtS S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S &P S &P S LKtS S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S S S S LP S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S &P S S LP S LP S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S LP S LB S LP S LKtS LK S S LP S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S LR S S S S S LR S LK S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 3>= .f (nste # of the text +o*e Bl ck h # #r(*en off the B(sho) to B3 $(th PFR> H3O. BFBOU" PFK=6Q 3;. PxP" KtFK;I he coul# h *e enforce# h(s PFK;" but (n the long run 0h(te $oul# h *e c )ture# the KRP" n# re+ (ne# $(th ) sse# ) $n on the R f(le" )o$erful $e )on for the en#Fg +e" e.g. l'. ... PFR>Q 3O. BFB3" KtFK'Q 3;. KtxKt" BxKtQ 3=. PFK;" PFKBOQ 3>. PFB;" follo$e# b! KtFKt3. 3O. RPxP 3;. RxR 3=. PFKKt; RxR BFKt'

The Bl ck )(eces be(ng cut off fro+ the K s(#e" 0h(te (s free to P ge '3:

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt tt ck. 3=. 3>. 35. 3M. 34. ':. ... RxRch PFKt= K KtFBO BxKt PFB; RFR3 BxR KtFK' KtxKt KFR;

(n or#er to )re*ent the rele se of the B b! the ) $n s cr(f(ce PF B= n# PFB;. ':. '3. ''. 'O. ';. ... KFB' PFR; PFR= PFR> BFKt' KFB3 BFRO BFKt' PFKtO

B! #* nc(ng h(s RP 0h(te h s $e kene# Bl ck's KBO" $(th the const nt thre t of est bl(sh(ng h(s Kt there n# of c )tur(ng the RP. '=. KFB3 Th(s +o*e (s su)erfluous n# )rob bl! #(ct te# b! t(+e )ressure. The )ro)er )l n (s7 KFKKt' $(th the thre t of BFB5 or KtM n# KF RMch. '=. ... '>. KFKKt' KFR>

The en#Fg +e (s cle r $(n for 0h(te. He )l !s h(s Kt to KKt;" thre ten(ng to re ch B> or K=. The effect (s t$ofol#. FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S S S S &K S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S &B S S S &B S &P S S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S &P S S &P S S &P S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S &P S &P S LB S S LP S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S S LP S S S LP S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S &K S LP S S LP S LP S LKtS S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S S LK S S S S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S S S LK S S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 3>> Bl ck +ust kee) h(s B t K' n# h(s K +ust re+ (n ne r the KBP. 0h(te's K(ng + rches to KKt> n# c )tures the KB ) $ns" Pueen(ng h(s KKtP. Bl ck c nnot )re*ent the 0h(te K(ng fro+ #o(ng th(s b! BFK3" s 0h(te" b! tt ck(ng Bl ck's KB; $(th h(s B" coul# t n! t(+e force the B b ck to h(s K'. The re+ (n#er of the g +e nee#s no co++ent. '>. ... KxK P ge '33

'5. 'M. '4. O:. O3. O'. OO. O;. O=. O>. O5. OM. O4. ;:. ;3. ;'.

BxK KtFR' KtFKt; BFK= KFK' KFK' KFB' KFKt' KFRO KFR; BFKtM BFR5 BFKt> PFK; PFK= KtFB'

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt BFKO KFK3 BFK' KFK' KFK3 KFK' KFK3 KFK' KFK3 KFK' KFB3 KFK' PFK= KFK3 KFK' Res(gns. n# BxP.

bec use there follo$s KtFK; GA9E Bo. ;M 0h(te7 Bl ckburne.

Bl ck7 B(e+No$(tsch.

.rregul r @)en(ng. 3. PFKO PFKO

.t (s #ue to th(s re)l! of Bl ck's th t the o)en(ng (s (rregul r. 1or h # he )l !e# PFK; )e ceful KP g +e $oul# h *e resulte#" or fter 0h(te's '. PFKB; ,utch o)en(ng. '. PFKB; O. PxP PFK; PxP ) $n (n the centre n#

Bl ck h s the su)er(or )os(t(onQ he h s h(s )(eces re +ore free. ;. KtFKBO BFKO

As $ s seen on for+er occ s(on" (t (s sh #e better to #e*elo) the Kn(ghts before the B(sho)s" s the cho(ce of +o*es for the l tter (s less l(+(te#. The ltern t(*e +(ght h *e been =. KtFBO" BFKKt=Q >. BFK'" KtFBO. =. PFK; Bo$ 0h(te h s lso (n h(s #e*elo)+ent. =. >. 5. M. 4. 3:. 33. 3'. 3O. ) $n (n the centre" but he (s BFKO PFKBO KtFK' PFKB; KKtFBO KtFK= C stles KKtFBO +o*e beh(n#

... KtFBO PFKO BFKO KFK' BFK' C stles KR KtFK3 PFBO

Bo$ Bl ck h s g (ne# n #* nt ge fro+ the co++ n# of h(s K=. The #* nce of 0h(te's KBP" $h(ch $ s necess(t te# b! the #o+(n t(ng )os(t(on of the Bl ck Kn(ght" h s left 0h(te $(th -b ck$ r#P ge '3'

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt ) $n t KO. 3O. ... 3;. KxKt KtxBch RFK3 fter PFK;" the KP (s lost

.f no$ gener l exch nge t kes )l ce through BFK;. 3=. KtFR;

0h(te's counter tt ck on the K(ng's s(#e beco+es thre ten(ng" n# Bl ck +ust cont(nue h(s o)er t(ons on the Kueen's $(ng $(th the gre test c re" s he + ! be c lle# u)on t n! t(+e to concentr te h(s )(eces for the #efence of the K(ng's $(ng. 3=. 3>. 35. 3M. ... KtFB= PFKKt; KtFB' BFKB3 KFR3 KFK' PFKR;

Bl ck $(shes to o)en u) f(les on the Kueen's s(#e. 34. PFKRO 1ree(ng the KR. 34. ':. '3. ''. 'O. ';. ... KRFK3 RFK' RPxP PFB; KFBO PFKKt; KRFKt3 PFKt= RPxP RFR3 RFR5

Before tr!(ng to )ush ho+e h(s #* nt ge on the Kueen's s(#e" $h(ch (s + #e )oss(ble b! the $e kness of 0h(te's KP" Bl ck shoul# look fter h(s K(ng's s(#e" $here 0h(te h s collecte# n l r+(ng rr ! of forces. After the text +o*e the Rook (s Pu(te out of )l !. '=. PFKt= PFKtOU

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF M S S S S S &R S &B S S &K S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 5 S S S S &K S S S S &P S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS > S S S &KtS S &B S &P S &P S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS = S S S &P S S &P S LKtS LP S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ; S S &P S LP S S LP S S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS O S S S S LP S LB S LK S S S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS ' S &R S LP S S LR S S LKtS S LP S SFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFS 3 S S S S S S LR S LK S S FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF A B C , E 1 G H ,( g. 3>5 Bl ck shoul# s(+)l! )l ! PxP $(th the follo$(ng cont(nu t(on7 P ge '3O

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt '>. BxP" KtFK=Q '5. KtxKt" KxKtQ 'M. BFKO" KFKO. After the +o*e (n the text" 0h(te's tt ck (s o*er$hel+(ng. '>. KtFKt;6 0h(te obt (ns Rook n# t$o ) $ns for h(s t$o Kn(ghtsQ th(s (s (n (tself n ePu(* lent of + ter( l. .n the )resent (nst nce the exch nge (s of #ec(s(*e #* nt ge for 0h(te" s Bl ck +ust lose se*er l +o*es to br(ng u) h(s Rook for the #efence of h(s ungu r#e# K(ng. '>. ... '5. KtxBP PxKt KtFK=

.f PxP" 0h(te $(ns b! 'M. KFR=" KFB'Q '4. PFKt>" KxPchQ O:. KxK n# KtxR. 'M. '4. O:. O3. O'. OO. KFB' KtxR BxKt PxP RFK3 KFR;6 KFBO KxKt KPxB BFK' KFB' RFR3

Bot BxP bec use of O;. RFKB'" follo$e# b! KRFKB sP. O;. RFKB' O=. KFKt; BFBO n tt ck on

The thre t (s to o)en the Rook's f(le b! PFKt> $(th the K(ng b! the Rooks. O=. ... O>. RxR RFK3 KxR

BxR (n or#er to )l ! KFR; +(ght be better. 0(th the Kueens off the bo r#" Bl ck h s $(nn(ng ch nces on ccount of h(s t$o B(sho)s. But then 0h(te +(ght e* #e the exch nge n# )rocee# to se(Ne the K(ng's f(le $(th the Rook fter O5. KFB;. O5. RFK' OM. RFK> KFK' BFR3

(n or#er to )l ! KFKKt' or R'. O4. PFKt>6 PxP

.f KFKKt'" ;:. RFKM6" (f KFR'" ;:. KFR;. 0h(te $(ns (n e(ther c se. ;:. RxP ;3. KFKtO Thre tens KFK=ch. ;3. ... ;'. RFKt;6 KFR; Res(gns. KFKR'

TAB%E @1 @PEB.BGS P ge '3;

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt A. K.BG'S PA0B GA9ES

. 3. '. '. '. '.

O. O. O. O. O. O. '. KtFKBO KtFKBO O.

PFK; PFKB; ... ... PFK;

PFK; PxP BFB; PFK; PxP

KxP KtFKBO ... BFKB; PFKBO ... PFK;

PFKB; KtFKBO PxP PFK; PxP BFB;

O. BFB; O. O. O. O. O. ... KtFBO ... BFKt= ...

;. ;. ;. ;. ;.

KtxP BFKB; PFBO PFKO PFBO

O. ...

KtFBO KtFBO BFKt= PFKO ;. PFK; KtFBO ;. C stle PFKO ;. ... KtxP PFKRO ;. BFR; KtFBO =. C stle BFK' =. ... KtxP ;. BxKt KPxB =. KtxP =. PFK;

'. ... PFKO O. PFK; '. KtFKBO KtFKBO O. PFB; b. 3. PFK; '. PFK; PFKO PFK;

KKtFK' PFK;

3. PFK; 3. PFK; 3. PFK;

O. PFK= O. KtFKBO KtFKBO ;. PFK= ;. BFKt= BFK' ;. ... BFKt= O. ... PxP PFK; '. PxP KxP PFKBO '. PFK; PFK; PFKB;

B. KAEEB'S PA0B GA9ES

. 3. PFK; '. PFKB; '. ... '. '. '. '. ... ... ... KtFKBO

PFK; PxP PFKO PFFK; BFB; PFKBO PFKO PFKB;

O. KtKBO O. ...

KtKBO PKB;

;. PKO ;. KtFKBO KtFKBO =. PxKP

'. ...

O. O. O. O.

PFB; ... ... PFB;

PxP PFKB; KtFKBO PFKO

;. PFKO ;. KtFBO P ge '3=

KtFKBO

O. PFKO O. PFBO '. ... b. 3. PFK; 3. PFK; 3. PFK; KtFKBO

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt PFKO ;. BFKO KtFKBO =. PFKKtO

PFKB; KtFKBO '. KtFKBO PFKO PFKB;

C. .RREGA%AR @PEB.BGS

3. 3. 3. 3.

PFKB; PFKB; ... PFKO

PFK; PFK; PFKO

En# of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Chess Str teg!" b! E#$ r# % sker /// EB, @1 THE PR@8ECT GATEBBERG EB@@K CHESS STRATEGY /// Th(s f(le shoul# be n +e# chsst3:.txt or chsst3:.N() Correcte# E,.T.@BS of our eBooks get ne$ BA9BER" chsst33.txt 2ERS.@BS b se# on se) r te sources get ne$ %ETTER" chsst3: .txt Pro#uce# b! 8ohn 9 +oun C+ +ounjoDu+#nj.e#uE" Ch rles 1r nks" n# the @nl(ne ,(str(bute# Proofre #ers $ebs(te. Project Gutenberg eBooks re often cre te# fro+ se*er l )r(nte# e#(t(ons" ll of $h(ch re conf(r+e# s Publ(c ,o+ (n (n the AS unless co)!r(ght not(ce (s (nclu#e#. Thus" $e usu ll! #o not kee) eBooks (n co+)l( nce $(th n! ) rt(cul r ) )er e#(t(on. 0e re no$ tr!(ng to of the off(c( l rele Ple se be encour ge# e*en !e rs fter the rele se ll our eBooks one !e r (n #* nce se # tes" le *(ng t(+e for better e#(t(ng. to tell us bout n! error or correct(ons" off(c( l )ubl(c t(on # te.

Ple se note ne(ther th(s l(st(ng nor (ts contents re f(n l t(l +(#n(ght of the l st # ! of the +onth of n! such nnounce+ent. The off(c( l rele se # te of ll Project Gutenberg eBooks (s t 9(#n(ght" Centr l T(+e" of the l st # ! of the st te# +onth. A )rel(+(n r! *ers(on + ! often be )oste# for suggest(on" co++ent n# e#(t(ng b! those $ho $(sh to #o so. 9ost )eo)le st rt t our 0eb s(tes htt)7WWgutenberg.net or htt)7WW)ro+o.netW)g t7

These 0eb s(tes (nclu#e $ r#F$(nn(ng (nfor+ t(on bout Project Gutenberg" (nclu#(ng ho$ to #on te" ho$ to hel) )ro#uce our ne$ eBooks" n# ho$ to subscr(be to our e+ (l ne$sletter Hfree6I. P ge '3>

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt Those of !ou $ho $ nt to #o$nlo # n! eBook before nnounce+ent c n get to the+ s follo$s" n# just #o$nlo # b! # te. Th(s (s lso goo# $ ! to get the+ (nst ntl! u)on nnounce+ent" s the (n#exes our c t loguers )ro#uce ob*(ousl! t ke $h(le fter n nnounce+ent goes out (n the Project Gutenberg Be$sletter. htt)7WW$$$.(b(bl(o.orgWgutenbergWetext:O or ft)7WWft).(b(bl(o.orgW)ubW#ocsWbooksWgutenbergWetext:O @r Wetext:'" :3" ::" 44" 4M" 45" 4>" 4=" 4;" 4O" 4'" 4'" 43 or 4: 8ust se rch b! the f(rst f(*e letters of the f(len +e !ou $ nt" s (t ))e rs (n our Be$sletters. .nfor+ t(on bout Project Gutenberg Hone ) geI

0e )ro#uce bout t$o +(ll(on #oll rs for e ch hour $e $ork. The t(+e (t t kes us" r ther conser* t(*e est(+ te" (s f(ft! hours to get n! eBook selecte#" entere#" )roofre #" e#(te#" co)!r(ght se rche# n# n l!Ne#" the co)!r(ght letters $r(tten" etc. @ur )rojecte# u#(ence (s one hun#re# +(ll(on re #ers. .f the * lue )er text (s no+(n ll! est(+ te# t one #oll r then $e )ro#uce X' +(ll(on #oll rs )er hour (n '::' s $e rele se o*er 3:: ne$ text f(les )er +onth7 3';: +ore eBooks (n '::3 for tot l of ;:::T 0e re lre #! on our $ ! to tr!(ng for '::: +ore eBooks (n '::' .f the! re ch just 3F'Y of the $orl#'s )o)ul t(on then the tot l $(ll re ch o*er h lf tr(ll(on eBooks g(*en $ ! b! !e r's en#. The Go l of Project Gutenberg (s to G(*e A$ ! 3 Tr(ll(on eBooks6 Th(s (s ten thous n# t(tles e ch to one hun#re# +(ll(on re #ers" $h(ch (s onl! bout ;Y of the )resent nu+ber of co+)uter users. Here (s the br(efest recor# of our )rogress H/ +e ns est(+ te#I7 eBooks Ye r 9onth 3 3: 3:: 3::: 3=:: '::: '=:: O::: ;::: >::: 4::: 3:::: 3453 3443 344; 3445 344M 3444 '::: '::3 '::3 '::' '::O '::; 8ul! 8 nu r! 8 nu r! August @ctober ,ece+ber ,ece+ber Bo*e+ber @ctoberWBo*e+ber ,ece+ber/ Bo*e+ber/ 8 nu r!/

The Project Gutenberg %(ter r! Arch(*e 1oun# t(on h s been cre te# to secure future for Project Gutenberg (nto the next +(llenn(u+. 0e nee# !our #on t(ons +ore th n e*er6 As of 1ebru r!" '::'" contr(but(ons re be(ng sol(c(te# fro+ )eo)le n# org n(N t(ons (n7 Al b + " Al sk " Ark ns s" Connect(cut" ,el $ re" ,(str(ct of Colu+b( " 1lor(# " Georg( " H $ ((" .ll(no(s" .n#( n " .o$ " K ns s" Kentuck!" %ou(s( n " 9 (ne" 9 ss chusetts" 9(ch(g n" 9(ss(ss())(" 9(ssour(" 9ont n " Bebr sk " Be* # " Be$ H +)sh(re" Be$ 8erse!" Be$ 9ex(co" Be$ York" Borth C rol(n " @h(o" P ge '35

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt @kl ho+ " @regon" Penns!l* n( " Rho#e .sl n#" South C rol(n " South , kot " Tennessee" Tex s" At h" 2er+ont" 2(rg(n( " 0 sh(ngton" 0est 2(rg(n( " 0(scons(n" n# 0!o+(ng. 0e h *e f(le# (n ll =: st tes no$" but these th t h *e res)on#e#. re the onl! ones

As the rePu(re+ents for other st tes re +et" ##(t(ons to th(s l(st $(ll be + #e n# fun# r (s(ng $(ll beg(n (n the ##(t(on l st tes. Ple se feel free to sk to check the st tus of !our st te. .n ns$er to * r(ous Puest(ons $e h *e rece(*e# on th(s7

0e re const ntl! $ork(ng on f(n(sh(ng the ) )er$ork to leg ll! rePuest #on t(ons (n ll =: st tes. .f !our st te (s not l(ste# n# !ou $oul# l(ke to kno$ (f $e h *e ##e# (t s(nce the l(st !ou h *e" just sk. 0h(le $e c nnot sol(c(t #on t(ons fro+ )eo)le (n st tes $here $e re not !et reg(stere#" $e kno$ of no )roh(b(t(on g (nst cce)t(ng #on t(ons fro+ #onors (n these st tes $ho ))ro ch us $(th n offer to #on te. .ntern t(on l #on t(ons re cce)te#" but $e #on't kno$ ABYTH.BG bout ho$ to + ke the+ t xF#e#uct(ble" or e*en (f the! CAB be + #e #e#uct(ble" n# #on't h *e the st ff to h n#le (t e*en (f there re $ !s. ,on t(ons b! check or +one! or#er + ! be sent to7 Project Gutenberg %(ter r! Arch(*e 1oun# t(on P9B 33O 35O4 An(*ers(t! A*e. @xfor#" 9S OM>==F;3:4 Cont ct us (f !ou $ nt to rr nge for $(re tr nsfer or ) !+ent +etho# other th n b! check or +one! or#er. The Project Gutenberg %(ter r! Arch(*e 1oun# t(on h s been ))ro*e# b! the AS .ntern l Re*enue Ser*(ce s =:3HcIHOI org n(N t(on $(th E.B <E+)lo!ee .#ent(f(c t(on Bu+ber? >;F>''3=;. ,on t(ons re t xF#e#uct(ble to the + x(+u+ extent )er+(tte# b! l $. As fun#Fr (s(ng rePu(re+ents for other st tes re +et" ##(t(ons to th(s l(st $(ll be + #e n# fun#Fr (s(ng $(ll beg(n (n the ##(t(on l st tes. 0e nee# !our #on t(ons +ore th n e*er6 You c n get u) to # te #on t(on (nfor+ t(on onl(ne htt)7WW$$$.gutenberg.netW#on t(on.ht+l /// .f !ou c n't re ch Project Gutenberg" !ou c n l$ !s e+ (l #(rectl! to7 9(ch el S. H rt Ch rtD)obox.co+E Prof. H rt $(ll ns$er or for$ r# !our +ess ge. t7

0e $oul# )refer to sen# !ou (nfor+ t(on b! e+ (l. P ge '3M

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt //The %eg l S+ ll Pr(nt// HThree P gesI ///START//THE S9A%% PR.BT6//1@R PAB%.C ,@9A.B EB@@KS//START/// 0h! (s th(s -S+ ll Pr(nt6- st te+ent hereU You kno$7 l $!ers. The! tell us !ou +(ght sue us (f there (s so+eth(ng $rong $(th !our co)! of th(s eBook" e*en (f !ou got (t for free fro+ so+eone other th n us" n# e*en (f $h t's $rong (s not our f ult. So" +ong other th(ngs" th(s -S+ ll Pr(nt6- st te+ent #(scl (+s +ost of our l( b(l(t! to !ou. .t lso tells !ou ho$ !ou + ! #(str(bute co)(es of th(s eBook (f !ou $ nt to. /BE1@RE6/ Y@A ASE @R REA, TH.S EB@@K B! us(ng or re #(ng n! ) rt of th(s PR@8ECT GATEBBERGFt+ eBook" !ou (n#(c te th t !ou un#erst n#" gree to n# cce)t th(s -S+ ll Pr(nt6- st te+ent. .f !ou #o not" !ou c n rece(*e refun# of the +one! H(f n!I !ou ) (# for th(s eBook b! sen#(ng rePuest $(th(n O: # !s of rece(*(ng (t to the )erson !ou got (t fro+. .f !ou rece(*e# th(s eBook on )h!s(c l +e#(u+ Hsuch s #(skI" !ou +ust return (t $(th !our rePuest. AB@AT PR@8ECT GATEBBERGFT9 EB@@KS Th(s PR@8ECT GATEBBERGFt+ eBook" l(ke +ost PR@8ECT GATEBBERGFt+ eBooks" (s -)ubl(c #o+ (n- $ork #(str(bute# b! Professor 9(ch el S. H rt through the Project Gutenberg Assoc( t(on Hthe -Project-I. A+ong other th(ngs" th(s +e ns th t no one o$ns An(te# St tes co)!r(ght on or for th(s $ork" so the Project H n# !ou6I c n co)! n# #(str(bute (t (n the An(te# St tes $(thout )er+(ss(on n# $(thout ) !(ng co)!r(ght ro! lt(es. S)ec( l rules" set forth belo$" ))l! (f !ou $(sh to co)! n# #(str(bute th(s eBook un#er the -PR@8ECT GATEBBERG- tr #e+ rk. Ple se #o not use the -PR@8ECT GATEBBERG- tr #e+ rk to + rket n! co++erc( l )ro#ucts $(thout )er+(ss(on. To cre te these eBooks" the Project ex)en#s cons(#er ble efforts to (#ent(f!" tr nscr(be n# )roofre # )ubl(c #o+ (n $orks. ,es)(te these efforts" the Project's eBooks n# n! +e#(u+ the! + ! be on + ! cont (n -,efects-. A+ong other th(ngs" ,efects + ! t ke the for+ of (nco+)lete" (n ccur te or corru)t # t " tr nscr()t(on errors" co)!r(ght or other (ntellectu l )ro)ert! (nfr(nge+ent" #efect(*e or # + ge# #(sk or other eBook +e#(u+" co+)uter *(rus" or co+)uter co#es th t # + ge or c nnot be re # b! !our ePu()+ent. %.9.TE, 0ARRABTYQ ,.SC%A.9ER @1 ,A9AGES But for the -R(ght of Re)l ce+ent or Refun#- #escr(be# belo$" <3? 9(ch el H rt n# the 1oun# t(on H n# n! other ) rt! !ou + ! rece(*e th(s eBook fro+ s PR@8ECT GATEBBERGFt+ eBookI #(scl (+s ll l( b(l(t! to !ou for # + ges" costs n# ex)enses" (nclu#(ng leg l fees" n# <'? Y@A HA2E B@ RE9E,.ES 1@R BEG%.GEBCE @R AB,ER STR.CT %.AB.%.TY" @R 1@R BREACH @1 0ARRABTY @R C@BTRACT" .BC%A,.BG BAT B@T %.9.TE, T@ .B,.RECT" C@BSEKAEBT.A%" PAB.T.2E @R .BC.,EBTA% ,A9AGES" E2EB .1 Y@A G.2E B@T.CE @1 THE P@SS.B.%.TY @1 SACH ,A9AGES. .f !ou #(sco*er ,efect (n th(s eBook $(th(n 4: # !s of rece(*(ng (t" !ou c n rece(*e refun# of the +one! H(f n!I !ou ) (# for (t b! sen#(ng n ex)l n tor! note $(th(n th t t(+e to the )erson !ou rece(*e# (t fro+. .f !ou rece(*e# (t P ge '34

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt on )h!s(c l +e#(u+" !ou +ust return (t $(th !our note" n# such )erson + ! choose to ltern t(*el! g(*e !ou re)l ce+ent co)!. .f !ou rece(*e# (t electron(c ll!" such )erson + ! choose to ltern t(*el! g(*e !ou secon# o))ortun(t! to rece(*e (t electron(c ll!. TH.S EB@@K .S @THER0.SE PR@2.,E, T@ Y@A -ASF.S-. B@ @THER 0ARRABT.ES @1 ABY K.B," EGPRESS @R .9P%.E," ARE 9A,E T@ Y@A AS T@ THE EB@@K @R ABY 9E,.A9 .T 9AY BE @B" .BC%A,.BG BAT B@T %.9.TE, T@ 0ARRABT.ES @1 9ERCHABTAB.%.TY @R 1.TBESS 1@R A PART.CA%AR PARP@SE. So+e st tes #o not llo$ #(scl (+ers of (+)l(e# $ rr nt(es or the exclus(on or l(+(t t(on of consePuent( l # + ges" so the bo*e #(scl (+ers n# exclus(ons + ! not ))l! to !ou" n# !ou + ! h *e other leg l r(ghts. .B,E9B.TY You $(ll (n#e+n(f! n# hol# 9(ch el H rt" the 1oun# t(on" n# (ts trustees n# gents" n# n! *olunteers ssoc( te# $(th the )ro#uct(on n# #(str(but(on of Project GutenbergFt+ texts h r+less" fro+ ll l( b(l(t!" cost n# ex)ense" (nclu#(ng leg l fees" th t r(se #(rectl! or (n#(rectl! fro+ n! of the follo$(ng th t !ou #o or c use7 <3? #(str(but(on of th(s eBook" <'? lter t(on" +o#(f(c t(on" or ##(t(on to the eBook" or <O? n! ,efect. ,.STR.BAT.@B AB,ER -PR@8ECT GATEBBERGFt+You + ! #(str(bute co)(es of th(s eBook electron(c ll!" or b! #(sk" book or n! other +e#(u+ (f !ou e(ther #elete th(s -S+ ll Pr(nt6- n# ll other references to Project Gutenberg" or7 <3? @nl! g(*e ex ct co)(es of (t. A+ong other th(ngs" th(s rePu(res th t !ou #o not re+o*e" lter or +o#(f! the eBook or th(s -s+ ll )r(nt6- st te+ent. You + ! ho$e*er" (f !ou $(sh" #(str(bute th(s eBook (n + ch(ne re # ble b(n r!" co+)resse#" + rkFu)" or )ro)r(et r! for+" (nclu#(ng n! for+ result(ng fro+ con*ers(on b! $or# )rocess(ng or h!)ertext soft$ re" but onl! so long s /E.THER/7 </? The eBook" $hen #(s)l !e#" (s cle rl! re # ble" n# #oes /not/ cont (n ch r cters other th n those (nten#e# b! the uthor of the $ork" lthough t(l#e HZI" ster(sk H/I n# un#erl(ne H[I ch r cters + ! be use# to con*e! )unctu t(on (nten#e# b! the uthor" n# ##(t(on l ch r cters + ! be use# to (n#(c te h!)ertext l(nksQ @R The eBook + ! be re #(l! con*erte# b! the re #er t no ex)ense (nto )l (n ASC.." EBC,.C or ePu(* lent for+ b! the )rogr + th t #(s)l !s the eBook H s (s the c se" for (nst nce" $(th +ost $or# )rocessorsIQ @R You )ro*(#e" or gree to lso )ro*(#e on rePuest t no ##(t(on l cost" fee or ex)ense" co)! of the eBook (n (ts or(g(n l )l (n ASC.. for+ Hor (n EBC,.C or other ePu(* lent )ro)r(et r! for+I.

</?

</?

<'?

Honor the eBook refun# n# re)l ce+ent )ro*(s(ons of th(s -S+ ll Pr(nt6- st te+ent. P ge '':

lASKER'S CHESS STRATEGY.txt <O? P ! tr #e+ rk l(cense fee to the 1oun# t(on of ':Y of the gross )rof(ts !ou #er(*e c lcul te# us(ng the +etho# !ou lre #! use to c lcul te !our ))l(c ble t xes. .f !ou #on't #er(*e )rof(ts" no ro! lt! (s #ue. Ro! lt(es re ) ! ble to -Project Gutenberg %(ter r! Arch(*e 1oun# t(onthe >: # !s follo$(ng e ch # te !ou )re) re Hor $ere leg ll! rePu(re# to )re) reI !our nnu l Hor ePu(* lent )er(o#(cI t x return. Ple se cont ct us beforeh n# to let us kno$ !our )l ns n# to $ork out the #et (ls.

0HAT .1 Y@A /0ABT/ T@ SEB, 9@BEY E2EB .1 Y@A ,@B'T HA2E T@U Project Gutenberg (s #e#(c te# to (ncre s(ng the nu+ber of )ubl(c #o+ (n n# l(cense# $orks th t c n be freel! #(str(bute# (n + ch(ne re # ble for+. The Project gr tefull! cce)ts contr(but(ons of +one!" t(+e" )ubl(c #o+ (n + ter( ls" or ro! lt! free co)!r(ght l(censes. 9one! shoul# be ) (# to the7 -Project Gutenberg %(ter r! Arch(*e 1oun# t(on..f !ou re (ntereste# (n contr(but(ng sc nn(ng ePu()+ent or soft$ re or other (te+s" )le se cont ct 9(ch el H rt t7 h rtD)obox.co+ <Port(ons of th(s eBook's he #er n# tr (ler + ! be re)r(nte# onl! $hen #(str(bute# free of ll fees. Co)!r(ght HCI '::3" '::' b! 9(ch el S. H rt. Project Gutenberg (s Tr #e9 rk n# + ! not be use# (n n! s les of Project Gutenberg eBooks or other + ter( ls be the! h r#$ re or soft$ re or n! other rel te# )ro#uct $(thout ex)ress )er+(ss(on.? /EB, THE S9A%% PR.BT6 1@R PAB%.C ,@9A.B EB@@KS/2er.:'W33W:'/EB,/

P ge ''3