I.

o H'5KOTOPbl~b CHMBOnR2(b

8b [n8HH[K~R HI~~RH~R n~mH.

II.

o CBR3R HtHOTOPbIX'h npeACT3BneHii B'h R3blH1.

III.

o Kynanb[JIHXb OfBm H [DOJIBbIIb [b BRMB npellUBBneaim.

IV.

o Aont II CPOJlHbIX'h C'h Hem cymecTB8X'h.

BTOPOE H3.D:AHIE.

YlielSHbl/ilb KOIIIMTeTOM'b M. H. n. oAo6peH3 M'b nplo6ptTeHho B'b 4'ytlAallleHTallbHbllI 6MISnioTeKM CptllHMllb Y'le6Hbll''b 3aBelleHIA.

XAP1KOB'b.

B"5;JJ;aHie M. B. TIoTeOHR. , 1 9 1 4.

XaPbKOB1>, Tanorpaipla: "MI1PHblfi TPY.Ao-, .AtBHqbll yn., N2 14.

.. ' CJIOBO BblpamaeT'b He see conepzsaale nOHjITijI, a O.n;HH'b lIB'b nplI3HaKOB'b, HMeHHO TOT'b, KOTOPblfi npeztorasJIJleTCR: aaponaoxy soaaparmo Bajftll':I:.fimlIM'b. IIplIHR:B'b sa nanaoe H3B-BCTHOe 'IIICJIO xopaea, pasnoe 'IIICJIY OCHOBHblX'b npencraaneaia B'b lI3BtCTH0:l1 ceMbt .H3blKOB'b, Mbl Mo.meM'b npezmonoaears, 'ITO XO)J;'b JIeKCII'IeCKarO pa3BlITi.H COCTOlIT'b npII6mnmTeJIbHO B'b CJIt)J;yromeM'b. HOBWI noH.HTiR, BXO)J;$I B,]) MHCJIb .II .H3HK,]) aapona, OOO~Ha'IaJInCb 3BYKaMH, YJRe npeame HMtBmlIMII CMHCJI'b, :rr OCHOBaHieM,]) npa STOM'b CJIymnJIO e)J;IIHCTBO OCHOBHHX'b npH3HaKOB'b B'b HOBbIX'b Ii npezene lISB'BCTHblX'b nOR.HTijIX'b. TaK'b' .KaK'b B'b npzpons H'BT'b nOJIHarO CXO)J;CTBa, TO U3B'BCTHbIfi npnaaam, B'b Kam.n;OM'b HOBOM'b CJIOB'B IIOJIY'IaJI'b ooooeaane omHKH, He3aBHCHMbIe OT']) BHOCHMHX'b cycpqm:KCOM'b, n ,myK'b, caeasaacs C'b ROBHM'b nOHR:TieM'b, Tome H3M-BH$IJI'b nepsoHa'IaJIDHOe eaaxeate, HOEHR: CJIOBa POAHHJIUCb yme co CJIOBaMU He nepBH'IHar~, a uoazrsnmaro oopaaoaaaia, H B'b CBOro osepezs Y)J;aJI.HJIHCb OT']) nepsaro 8Ha'IeHi.H npaaaasa, TaK'b BM'BCrl C'b JIeKClI'IeCliHM'b POCTOM'b .H3HKa aareaH.HJIOCb uepaoaaxaasace Brre'IaTJI'Be, BHpameHHoe CJIOBOM']), nO)J;OOHO TOMY, KaK'b Tep$IJIH H Tep$IroT']) CMHCJI'b rpaaxarnseorda CPOPMH, no M'Bpt y.n;aJIeHiR: OT'b BpeMeHH nOJInaro csoero pa3BHTi$I. Ho JRH3Hb R:3I:itKa COCTOHT'b He B'b onnoa TOJIbKO YTpa'l'1> .II306pa3HTeJIbROCTH H rpaauaTU'IeCKott CTpOttHOCTH: $I3HK'b B'b HaCTO$Im;eMD CBoeM,]) BU.n;t ecrs CTOJIbKo·me npoaaseneale paapymamnen, CKOJIbKO u noacoaanaromen CHJIH. COOTB'BTCTBeHHO 8aMtHt OOBeTmaBIIIHX'b 3BYKOB'b H CPOpM'b HOBHMlI, C06CTBe.$:HH:l1 CMHCJI,])

2 -

CJIOBa nozmepacasaerca B'b naMHTII aaponaon COrrOCTaBJIeHieu'b 8TorO CJIOBa C'h ApyrUM'b, II1d~IDIII,IIM'b CXO;a;HOe C'b HHM'b OCHOBHOe saaseaie. OTCID.LJ:a rrOCTOHHHhIe 8IUITeThI H npyria TaBTOJIOrIFleCIdH sapazseala, nanpax. 6-BJIhItI CB'BT'b, HCHbIfi-KpaCHbIfi, ROCY ":leCaTb, ;a;YMaTb-ra;a;aTb. Ta-me nOTpe6HOCTb B03CTaHOBJIHTb 3a6bIBaeMOe co6CTBeH~ Hoe aaaseaie CJIOB'b 6bIJIa O.nHOIO H3'b rrpHcrl:1H'b oopaaosaHi5I CIIMBOJIOB'b. BJIH30CTb OCHOBHbIX'b rrpH3HaKOB'h, KOTOpan BII;a;Ha B'b rrOCTOHHHbIX'b TOmAeCJIOBHbIX'b asrpaseeHi5IX'b, 6hlJIa H Me~):(y Ha3BaHiHMH CHMBOJIa II ocoaaasae xaro npenaera. RaJIHHa CTaJIa CHMBOJIOM'b .n1'lBHIIh1 rrOT011Y me,' rrocreMY ;a;'BBIIn;a aaasaaa EpaCHOIO; rro e;a;UHCTBY OCHOBHaro rrpencrasaeala ormI-CBT.Ta B'b CJIOBaX'b: ;a;T.BHIIa, spacaun, RaJIHHa. Ha OCHOBaHiII CBH3H CHMBOJIOB'D C'b rtpyrIfMII 3rrHcrecKlIMIr BhIpameHi5IMII, MOJIWO Ohl Ha35IBaTb CHMBOJIaMH Ir T-B npenaeru II .u;-B:fl:CTBiH, KO'I'OpnTe, If306paJImH ;a;pyrie rrpeznreru II ));'£ttCTBi5I, HHCIWJIbRO npn 3TOM'b He O.u;YXOTBOP5IIOTC5I. 3HaH, HarrpIIM-Bp'D, "<ITO mieaie 0003Ha-qaOTCH B'b 5I3hlI{'B oraexs, MOJ!\,HO 6hl orcas Ha3BaTb CHMBOJIOM'b rnienia.

TIo M'£'P-B, KaK'b aa6ElBaeTClI yrrOM5IHYToe. COOTB'£TCTBie Mea\.u;y 3HacreHieM'b sopacn CJIOB'b 06'bHCH5IeMbIX'b II o 61l5ICH.5IIOIII,HX'b, OCJIa6JI.5IeTC5I II CBJI3b ));e.m.u;y HIIMII: noCTOHHHbIe 3IIHTeTh1 II np. nepexonam I{'b CJIOBaM'b, KOTOPbIH o3HacraIOT'b Tome uoaarie, HO rro .npyroMY npaaaaxy. 'I'arcs, Bn nsrpaareaia ,,'IepHbIH rpH3H" rrpaaarareasaoe He IIM-BeT'b aaxero oomaro C'D IWpHeM'b rpssa=-rpaa, ITO KOTOPOMY 6hlJIO 6bI rrpHJIH':IHT,e Ha3BaTb rpaaa TorryqlIMH, "<ITO II BCTp-B":laeM'1> B'b npoaasenemsxr, aaponaoa noaain; " "<IepHhItt" nepenmo, BT,POHTHO, R'b CJI. IIrpm3I," OT'b zpyraro CJIOBa, aanp. OT'b CJI. KaJI'b, BbIpamaIOII(arO Bne":laTJI1mie -qepHaro IIB-BTa.

B'b TT,X'b orrocooaxr. BI::iIpamaTb CIrMBOJI'1>, KaRie saoraesrs 13'1> aaponaoz rr033iH, BHAHO TO"Re CTpeMJIeHie K'b norepf H306paaUTeJIbHOCTH CJIOBa IrCB.5I3H rr083iH C'b .5I3hIROM'b. TIpOCTI::iI.lI rpOpMh1 CMtH.5IIOTCH CJIoatHbIMH, HO He sa- 1ftHIDOTCJI HMII BnOJIHt. rJIaBHbIS'b oraomeain CHMBOJIa R'b onpenforeanoxy TpM: cpasaeme, rrpOTHBOIIOJIOmeHie Ii

- 13 -

oraomeate rrprrnmaoe. a) Opasaeaie Bhlpa~aeTC5I B'b napOL(HOn n033iH IIJIl! TaR'b, -qTO CllMBO.JID BrrOJIHT. COOTBT,TcTByeT'b CBoeMY npenxery, llJIII TaK'b, -qTO Mem,l\Y TT.M'b II L(pyrllM'b rrOJIaraeTC5I HT,IWTOpOe paamrsle. B'b IIOJIHO~I'b opaaaeaiu CIIMBOJI'b 5IBJI5IeTC5I TO npHJIO~eHie}I'I> (ROHbCOROJI'b), TO 06CT05ITeJIhCTBOM'b B'b TBOpHT. nan. (aeramren Rhl'IeTh), TO pa3BIIThlM'b rrpenaoaeealex-s. B'b rrOCJIT,,lIHflM'b CJIy-qa1:. cpasaanaexoe MOmeT'D nOL(paSYM1:.BaTbC5I, llJIII- 6h1Th pa3BHTO L(O TaRon CTerreHII, RaR'b II CIIMBOJI'b. IlpnM'BPOM'b nepnaro MOmeT'b CJIymlITb rrT.CH5I RpaJIeL(BOpCROn pxrr, "Ach ty roze, krasna rozel Cemu si rano rozkwetla, rozkwetawsi pomrzla, pomrzawsi uswedla, uswedewsi opadla?" II BCJI'BL('b aa TT.M'b CJIOBa L(T,BllJJ;hl,ROTOpa5I cpaBHIIBaeTC5I cs P030IO; rrpllMT,pOM'b urcporo=-aaycrmme: "rpynnme Y05I! "flOM'b Tll He 3eJleHa5I~ MllJIa5I 1f05I! "flOM'b Til He BeCeJIa5I~" B'b ROTOPOM'b K~L(OMy CJIOBY nepson noJIOBHHIlI COOTB1:.TcTByeT'b MOBO BTOpOn. OffMBOJI'b, KaK'b npnaoareaie, CJIffBaeTCfI C'b 0603Ha-qaeMIlIM'b B'b OL(HO ~1:.nee, a TBOpIITeJIbHIlIn naL(eJR'D HarrOMIIHaeT'b rrpespameala; TO II npyroe MOmeT'b 6Ei1Tb OTHeceHO K'D TOllY npexemr, sorna -qeJIOB1:.R'D He OTL(1:.JI5IJI'b ce65I OT'D BH1:.mHefi: nprrpona. CpaBHIITeJIbHO II03me II05IBUJIC5I napannennaar, BbIpaaeema: OH'b YKa3Ei1BaeT'b aa saTeuH1:.Hie CMhlCJIa CIIMBOJIOB'b, rrOTOMY -qTO eCJIlI 3TII rr&r.rT,,1l;Hie nOH5ITHhI, TO II 06'b5ICH5ITb IU'D He-3a-qT.M'D. Eme 60JI1:.e n03AHlIM'b I{ameTC5I Bhl· paseeaie CIfMBOJIa B'b BHL(T, rrOJIHarO llJII! coaparueaaaro rrpanaro-raaro rrpennoseeaia C'b cpaBHIITeJIbHEilM'b COI030M'b (rranp. B'b Ep, pan, jako zora, jako luna): npacyrorste COI03a ,I{OKa3IlIBaeT'D, "flTO Mem.!(y cpasanaaexaxa npenxeraxa CTaBllTC5I oonsmoe pa3JII!'Iie, II sanouaaaers npiexa IICKyccTBeHHaro aaasa.

<DOPM'b orpnnarem.aaro cpanaeala Tome HT,CROJIbIW.

B'b Cep6CRIIX'D nT,CHfIX'D ,lIOBOJIIoHO 'IacTO yrroTpe6JI5IeTC5I TaIWn 060pOT'D: rrpenrrocanaerca CHMBOJI'b B'b BllL(1:. rrOJIOmeHifI ana sonpoca, II BCJI1:.L('D 3anM'D OTpIIo;aeTC5I, a na MT,CTO ero CTaBUTC5I oooaaaxaeaun rrpenxers, nanp. HaABH ce 06JIaR II3Ha,ll; ,I{j esoj ak'; To He 6uo 06JIaK RaHaL( .rrjeBojak, Beh nooap jYIfaK TpamH niesojak', (Cpn. ujec I. 2);'

4 -

Illra ce cjajH..,,&p03 ropy 3eJIeHY? ,I(a JI'je CYHI~e, zra JI'je jacan xecen? HHT'je cyane, HH TH jacan xecen, Beh 3eT mypa na BOjBOIl:CTBO nohe (ib. 13.). Cepccsia, a ocooeaao BeJIHRopyccRi51 ll'BCHH orrYCRaroT'b opasaeaie nOJIOamTeJIbHoe rr Ha'lHEaroT'b C']) orpanania: »He ... a". Be3,]) COMH'BHi5I rasoe cpasaeaie C']) OTpHI(aHieM,]) npennoaaraers noJIOlRHTeJIbHOe, a IIOTOMY HOB'Be rrOCJI'BIl:EHro.

b) IIPOTHBOIIOJIOmeHie CnMBOJIa npenxery He "lYJRIl:O BJIRp. rr'BCH51M'b, EO, eCJIH He omacaiocs, xame BCTp'B"laeTCSI B'b MaJIOpYCCRHX'b. 06EIRHOBeHHa51 cpopMa raaaa-ace, Ea:R'b n B'b pD.3BHTOM'b IIOJIOmHTeJIbHOM'b cpaaaenia, n oraomeHie conOCTaBJIeHHEIX']) IIpeIl:JIOJIWHitt, npa OTCYTCTBiII consa, MOlReT'b JIerRO 6EITb IIpnE51TO sa cpaarrarensace, EaR'b nanp. B'b CJIBIl:YIO~rrX'b M'BCTaX,]): "Hall:'b roporo BHCOROlO rOJIy6n JIiTaIOT'b: $I POCKOIIIH He 3aSHa.JIa, a JIiTa MlmalOT'b". (Hap. IOamop. II., HSIl:. MeTJI. 59); "Ott rHJI51, rHJI5I, cII3i rOJIy6oHbRII aa BrrCORe JIiTaHH>I: Ta yme BamRO, Moe cepneasso, ra 3'b To6oIO ropIOBaHH5I" (ib. 102); "Ott: S sa ropa H3-3a Rpy"lH OPJIH BHJIi'raIOT'b: He aaaaan 51 POCROmH,-BlRe tt aira MHHalOT'b" (ib. 106). BHcOKoe neraase nTI!IIJ;'b nM'BeT'b CMHCJI'b Hrrq'BM'b He CT'BCH>IeMott CBo60Il:DI; "Iem. bujeti, ITOJI. buj a c, PyCC. nrapar s, nap ar s, 3Ha"laT'b He TOJI:nRO BEICORO, HO 1'1: npnBOJIbHO JIeTaT:n. 'I'aIWMY nrapaasn npOTHBOnOJIaraeTC51 rope, CT'BCHeHHOe noaozseaie "leJIOBBRa, OTCYTCTBie pooxoma, T. e. paSIl:OJIb5I, CBo50Il:EI, "lTO, pa3YM'BeTC51, rrpezmonaraers cpasaeaie C"laCTJInBarO "leJIOB'BRa C'b BHCORO aeramen nranen. II 3TOT'b IIpieM'b rroaaee cpaaaeaia. RpOMB CJIO:lRHOCTH <popMH, MomHO Il:YMaT:n TaIi.'b n nOTOMY, "ITO B'b npOTnBOJIO.1KeHi1'l: TarrTC51 MIlICJI:n 0 paaaoztynua rrpapoznr R'b crpanaIDlIM'b "leJIOB'BRa, 0 paanazrf nOCJI'BIl:H51rO C'b ll:iltt:CTBnTeJI:nHOCTblO, MhlC.JIb eCTeCTBeHHaa B'b YCTax'b cospexeaaaro HaM'll nosra, HO CJInmROM'b nesaasaaa Il:JIa nepaooanron snasecaoa II033irr.

" r c) ITPR"lHHHOe OTHOmeEIie Tome paamaerca H8'b cpas\t neaia. 'I'ares, BO MHOrrrX'b Hap0Il:HHX'b Me.n:Hn;HHCRlIX'b opezrCTBaX'b MomHO pacnoaaars CnMBOJII:l BI>ls.n:opOBJIeHi51, ana 60JI'B3HII: nopaaeenaoe cn6npCROIO a3BOlO MilcTO oxepxa-

- 5 -

BalOT'b BhTIIaBmUM'b ll3'b cyxoa COCHhT CY'IKOl1'b, 'IT06hI ypOKH, npasopa II IIp. nOChTXaJIH, KaK'b CY'IbH H xopeasa Y cyxoil: COCHhI (8TH. O'I. IO. C. rYJI. 53); pO~Y JIT,'IaT'b BhTCT,KaHl>eM'b oraa II npHKJIaAhTBaHbeM'b spacaaro cYKHa na 60JIbHOe MT,CTO, nOToMY 11TO pozsa C6JIllmaeTCH B1> H3hTK1. CI> oraesrs II KpaCHHMI> D;B1.TOM'l>. Become CIBIBOJIll8M'b AomIIBaeT'b CBOil: BT.K'l> BD rrOA06HhTX'b CJIO~RHHX'l> <popMaX'l>; OH'b AOJIro ~UIBeT'l> BI> rrplIMT.TaX'l>, CHMnaTII'IeCKIIX'b JI1.'IeHb51X'b 1I APyrnX1> npenpaacynaxs, noCJI1. roro, Kan:'b HC'Ie8HeTI> B'b BhICIDnX'l> cpopMaX'b HapOAHOil: noaeta.

i I

TaK'b-KaK'l> CHMBOJIH3M'b ecrs OCTaTOK'b neaanaaaraon ;1

orapaaa, TO BCTP'BTHT'b ero MO.lRHO npeaayurecrseaao TaM'b, r,n;T. MeAJIeHHie npoaoxonars OT,n;T,JIeHie MhICJIlI OT1> H8HKa, KYAa MeAJIeHHT,e nponasaer-s HOBoe. RaK'b na crapa lIHhTH 6hTJnIHbI, n~CHli IOHaD;KiSI, see-ace orre, C'E HeMHorlIMII lICKJIIO'IeHi51MII, BCT.M'l> CBOHM'b conepssaaiem, OT.ffOMTCH KO apeaeaasn, IICTOpIl'IeCRIlM'I>. mIlSHb, B'I> HHX'l> Il806paJReHHaH, ecrs .mH8Hb CTOJIKHOBeHiH H 60Pb6hT aapoAOB'b, .mU3Hb nporpecca, 6hICTPO npanozemraa B'l> aariaenie CT~PIlHY, 1I~.Boooo8,n;alOru;aH ee B'b HOBhIX'I> cpopMaX'b. Bo-

o o6me MhICJIl> My.m'IHHhI nrape, nO,I(BH.mHT.e, H8M1m'IUBte, B'b clmy HOBHX'b, BXO,I(Rru;HX'b B'b nee, CTIIXifi, 111:.M'b MI::lCJI]) .meHIIJ;HHbI, 3aKJIlO'IeHHOfi B'b Kpyry Mfl,n;JIeHHO II3M1.mUOmaroca noxamaero 6h1Ta, 6oJIT.e 6JI1l8KOfi K'b rrpIIpOA1. 1I HerroABmRHOMY paaaooepaairo ea asneaia. JKeHID;IIHanpaIIMymeCTBeHHO xpaHHTeJIbHHIJ;a 06Pll,I(OB'I> 1'[ rrOB1.pbeB'l> ,I(aBHO aacrsramar-o II yme nencaaraaro H3hT'IeCTBa. OTroro CBHSb C'l> 5J31:iIKOM'b 1'[ CIIMBOJIHSM1>, xapasrepasynnrle .lReHcKisr niCHlI, BCTpi'IaroTcR B'I> MymcKIIX'I> B'b ropaano MeHbmefi creneaa. CIIMBOJIII3M'I> HaxOAHTCSI B'b 06- paTHOM'I> oraomeaia K'b CIIJIi rrocropoaaaxs BJIiHIDfi, a nOToMY OH'b He06xOAIIM'Be H HCH'Be y PYCCKHX'I> II Cep60B'I>, 'I1.M'l> B'b rr'BCHHX'b qexOB'I>, JIY.lRII'IaH'b, Xopyrarrs, TIOJIHKOB'b. 8CTeTH'IeCIWe AOCTOHHCTBO npOII3Be,I(eHi:f1 aaponaon n033iH naaaerr- BM'BCTt C1> CHMBOJIH3MOM'I> 1I OT'l> T'BX'b-.me npU'IHH'b: Me.m)J;Y np011IIM'b-OT'b YMeHl>meHiH 'IlICJIa JIIO,Il;ett, )J;JIH KOlIX1> llSHK'I> II npoaaaeneaia aaponaoa CJIOBeCHOCTli

- 6 -

I'JIaBBbTa Cpe)1;CTBa paaaaria. Ilpasna, rrpeBOCXO.n;HbH£ Cepocrda IICTOp:a-'IeCKia ntCRIr II rr'BKOTOpbUI MJIp. ,lJ;Y},!bI .n;OKaShIBaIVT':D, l:J:TO II npa OTCYTCTBiII CHMBOJIOB':D BOSMOmHhI sncosia napozraaa npoaasenenia, ecmr MemAY KJIacCai\IH napozra HtT,]) pt3RarO paanasia II eCJIH BCa MaCCa napona ,lJ;OCTUrHeT'D H3BtCTHOii creneaa BOO,lJ;ymeBJIeHia; HO noonymesaeaie npOXO.L\lIT'D, Macca napozta paasenaaaeroa, II CHOBa HaQIIHaeTC5l nponeocs nanema aaponaon CJIOBeCHOCTH.

B'b aacroamee BpeM$I MHoria Manopocciacrda rrtcmr, erne npexpaoasra lIO l:J:aCTHOCT$IM'D, He rrpe.n;CTaBJIR:IOT'D HlIRaK.OrO BHYTpeHHaI'O e,lJ;HHCTBa. OH1:., Ol:J:eBlI,lJ;HO, xexaaal:J:eOKlI cmlITLI HS'D OT~tJIbHhIX'b ,lJ;BYCTlImitt II l:J:eTBepOOTlI· mitt, ROTOPhl$I BCTptl:J:aIOTCR B'D ,lJ;pyrIIX'D lItcHaX'D, lIOIOTC$I II caMII lIO ce6t. O,lJ;Ht lIS'b eTHX1> KOPOTRlIX'D lI1:.ceHeK'b -lIapaJIJIeJIbHhIR BhIpameHi5l C'D upaaam.ao-yrrorpeoaeaHbIM':D CHMBOJIOM'D; B'D .n;pyrHX'D CHMBOJI'b lIOCTaBJIeH':D CJIyl:J:aiiHO, lIO rrpIIBLI"'IKt; B':D TpeTbIIX'D onymem, CIIMBOJI'D IIJIII e1:'O 06'DllOHeHie, xoropoe reneps 6LIJIO 6bI BOBce He JIHillBIIM':D. TIOJI. KpaKOBbRKFI, KameTCR:, CiLIJIlr npeaere napaJIJIeJIbHl1MII BLIpameHi.llMII, KaK':D Manopyccrda "YJIIIl:J:HbT$I" H "KOJIOMLIiiKH", HO rerreps rrpe,n;CT!lBJI.llIOT'D ropaano CioJThrrryro oreneas paaaoaeeaia, l:J:tM'I:i eTn lIOCJIt,l(Hi5l. lItROTopLIe H3'D HlIX'b-Ha60p':D CJIOB'b, YTpaTlIBIIIin BCRRitt CMLICJI'D: "Kamieit na kamieniu, na kamieniu kamieri, A na tern kamieniu jeszcze jeden kamien",

TIPlIBO,l(.ll B'D nopanores aexaorte coopaaaae MHOIO xarepiaaa, $I crapaaca He ynYCKaTb IIS'b BII,lJ;Y CHMBOJIIIKH Cn aSLIKOM'D, H pacnoaarans ClIMBOJIbI lIO e,lJ;HHCTBY OCHOBnaro npencraaneaia, SaKJIIOl:J:eHHarO B'b HX'D Ha3BaHi$IX'D. B'D l:J:aCTHhIX'D OJIYl:J:ax'1 a MOr'D OIII1I6aTbO.ll, HO B'i>PHO TO, l:J:TO TOJIbKO cs TOQKlI 3p'BHi.a: R:Sl1Ka MomHO rrpIIBeCTlI CHMBOJThl B'L IIopa.n;OK'D, COrJIaCHHtt C':D Bossp1:.HiaMFI napona, a He C'D lIPOH3BOJIOM'D IIHIIIym;aro.

7 -

V OrOHb. CBt.Tb. ECJIII6'L MbI He anamr, 'ITO 60meCTBa oraa IT csfsra SamUfaJIIf naaeaoe 1-l'BCTO Bo aSI:lgeCRI1X']) BT.pOBaHiax'L OJIaBaH'L, TO NOrJIIr 6bI y6T..n;HTDca B'L 8TO}I'L lI3'L 06HJIia: CJIOB'b, HMT.IOmllX'L B'L OCHOBaniIT npezrcranaeHiSI orna II CBT.Ta.

KaK'b nynra I'I .:RITSHD, TaKb I'I 'qaCTHWI npoaanenia .:RUSHI'I: 1'OJIo.n;'b, mamna, .meJIaHie, JII060Bb, nesaas, pa.n;OCTb, l'HT.B'b npe.n;CTaBJIa:.lII'ICb Hapo,ZJ;y I'I naoopaaeaaaos B'b aSbIK'B OrHeM'L. CJIOBa, nepaoaasaasao IIpHMT.Ha:eMbIa:

K'b H'BCKOJIbKI'IM'b noaartaa:s, aanp. II R'L .meJIaniro, II !C']) rrexana, C'b reseaiesrs BpeMeHII craaoaarca onpenforeaHi'>e, HaqlmaIOT'b 0603HaqaTb onao II3BT.CTnOe noaarie. gHCCHMIIJIlIpyrOID;aH CITJIa aSHKa nT.fiCTByeT'b npa STOM'L no npaBHJIaM'L qaCTO COBepmeRHO .n;JIa: aacs HeIIORa:THbIM'L. IIpI'IM'BpOM'L sroro, KaR'L RameTCH, npOlI<lBOJIbHarO paarpamr'lema To.m,ZJ;eCTBeHRHX'L no OCHOBHOMY npaaaasy eJIOB'b Mo1'yT'L CJIy.mIITb nassaala nIIm;1I If IIHTbH, ronona II 'RamnbI. lJTO IIIIma II IIHTbe PO,n;HflTC.lI Mem.uy cooon B'b a:SbIRi'>, BI'I.n;RO 1I3'L CJIT.nyrom;aro: OJI. IIIIma npoaozormrr, OT'L nII-TI'I C'b cycpcpnRCOM'L, CTaBmIIM'L COrJIaCHOIO EOPR.lI. OT'L npezmonaraeaon CPOPMH nwrUTH-MJIp. nIITIIMnit,

~opMflm;ifil MJIp. "nllTHMaa: MaTiHKa" MOtRRO 6YKBaJIbHO nepenecra: "ROpMIIJII'IIJ,a MaTymKa". Oycp.-IIMbIfi HM-BeT'b S.uT.Cb ,n;'Bl1CTBHTeJIbHOe eaaxeaie, EaR'L B'L pOnI'IMbIil:. Orb COyTI'I, JII'ITb, npOHCXOna:T'b: CHTbIfi, HaKOpMJIeHHbIfi, OTJIIIqaeMOe 06bIKHoBeHHo on IIbflHbIl1 II COilOCTaBJIa:eMoe C'L CHM'L nOCJIT..n;HI'IM'b, Ii CbITa (xenonaa), CJIOBO. 03Ha-.:raIOmee co6CTBeHHO mH,ZJ;KOC'fb II no Tal·m:M'b·.me HeHsBi'>CTHHM'b npII'!IIHaM'b orneceaaoe It'}, Me.n;y, KaK'L CJIOBa KBaC'L (cp, KllCHYTb, MOKHYTb, Cep6. s ama, .n;oEllb) H IIHBO R'L CBOHM'L IIOH.lITia:M'L. B'b OLl;HOfi JIymIID;Kofi n-BctIi'>, Ha06oPQT'b, nona HaSBaHa C'bT.CTHOIO: Poscel jeho po wodu, po tu wodu jadomnu (Haupt. 1: 145). CP0,ZJ;CTBO reno,n;a II mamnOI BU,n;HO B'b HT.CEOJIbKI'IX'b CJIOBaX'L. CT.-OnB. mJI1>nbH'L, roamecreeaaoe no IWPRJO C'b lycc. rOJIO,n;eH'L, B1> Cp6. my.n;aH rrOJIy'!aeT1> aaaxenie ma~t,n;yrn;aro. Cuar a, 6mISKoe K'b CMaEHTb, aeapars, 3HaqIIT'L B'b CMOJI. ry6ep. mamna, a B1> I1cEOB.-nOSbIB1> na nanty.

- 8

IIOJI. pr ag nac, pragnienie, .ma~~.n;a, Crap. PyCC. n p aJRY, .ma~~AY (A36YK. B'b OK P. H.), 06pa30BaJIOCb OTT, aaaaeais IIOJI. prazyc, MJIP. TIpSirTII (r.n;-B .R, YKa3hlBUer-s, MOmeT'b DbITb, aa CTapIIHHoe ii'I.), mapIITb. Caxoe mam,n:a (KOp. mii'l.A) MOJKeT'b 6hlTb CPO,n:HO cs KOp . aeer, To-me nO)];TBepm..'laIOT'b BbIpa~teHi.lI: "tCTh xonercs, a mrn. -KaK'D ,n:yrny BbImrJIO" (BycJI. TIOCJI. B'b Apx. RaJI. RH. II. 'I. 2); "TbI 6"5 .mam,n:y~IIM'b YTpo6'b oxaaanrerrte (BJIap. 0 San:. 6JIar.); "rJIa)];OM'b ra.a TIl" (BapJI. IT Iooadn. rrpIl6. K'D JIIIT. HCT. Crap. TIOB. II TIp. TIbIII.). 'I'asr s, KpoM"5 06bIKHOBeHHaro 3 aaxeaia, IIMteT'b II rerrepi, erne aa CtBep-B zpyroe, ropsrs; COBepIlIeHHO TaK'D, EaK'b r o nar s: "SaTaSiJIII cBtn;y BOCKY .lIPOBO (DaM. II o6p. 414); OTCIO)];a MJIp. no raa a (B'b ssrpaaeeaia ,,3Bipro aa rrOTaJIy")-TIo.mpaHie, JRepTBa. HaK'b .mpaTb, tCTb-O,l],aoro KOpH.H C'b r o p-ar s, TaIt'D IIOJI. pozywac, '.!:ICTh, IIO CBSiSll mII3HH C1> OrHeM'D, Mo;.r~eT'D B'b ocaosaala JIM'tTL npenoraaneale OrITSi, I-COTOPhlfi, TIO rrOCJIOBlln;'E., xYJIte sopa, nOTOMY 'ITO .BOP'b nopyer's, XOTb CT1:IHhl OCTaBIIT'.b, a no.map'b nee rrO.iEUpaeT'.b" (BYCJI. TIOCJI.). H'E.KOTOPbISI CJIO· na, OSHa'IaIOIIJ,i.fI meJIaHie, npaxo npHMI:iIKaIOT'b K'b TIOll.fI· Tiro roaona II mam,Uhl, a xepea's HIIX'b K'b ropamexy BITyTpII -qeJIOB'l>Ka orrm. TaKoBbI OT.-OJIB. JRii'I.)];a'fII, TIOJI. z~ d a c, prag nac, meJIaTb. ,I(pyri.fI-He IIM1:IIOT'.b BU,n:IIMOfi CB.lISH C'D rOJIo,n:OM'b II ma;.r~,n:oIO, HO OTHOC.lITC.fI K'b orHIO .

.iKeJIaTh CPOARO C'b ~taJIIlTb) maJI'BTb II rOp-BTh, o -qeM'b TIaM.lITb cOXpaHIIJIaCb B'b rrOCJIOBIIn;t: ".HPKO JRe· JIaIOT'D, Aa pyKH IIo,n:mIIMaroT'b (( (BYCJI. DOCJI.). MJIp. II Bnp. 6amaTb, CIIJIhHO JReJIaTh, IIM1:IeT'D npa ce6'.B MJIp. 6araTbH, reps-de yrJIil, map'b. .IJ;a ... se roptTb MorJIO rrpHRIlMaTh ana-reate .meJIaTb, KaE'b MomHO 3aKJIIOQilTb ns'b CJIi,n;yroru;aro. B'b" MJIp. ,n;'.BBII%e1t IIrp'.B "Bn ropn-nyoa" (IIJIII "B'b ropro nHH", rICKOB. OrapI:iIIlIII, rOp'B.n:EII), ,n:i>. BYIlIKa, CTaBIlIaH ropnrs, rOBOplIT'b: "ropro, ropro iJ:Y6'b (IIJIlI TIeRb) " . OAHa U3'b ,n:ByX'b, cTaBmIIX~ rrpcrass nea, cnpaIlIlIBaIOT'D: ,,'Ioro-.m'b ra rOplIllIh~-"RpaCHoi naaHlI!"-".HKoi"-" Te6e MOJIo,n:oi" R rrp., aa T'BM'D T'.B ,lJ;B'.B 6trYT'b, a ropasmaa JIOBRT'I> (,IlaR il M'.BC. Y sp. nocea.,