APES: Harvest of Fear Name: ______Chau Vu________________________________________________ Part I: Introduction 1: Who are the ELF?

What are they against? -> Earth Liberation Front. They're against the research of science like biotechnology. 2: Which crop was the catalyst to the GMO food industry? -> Corn 3: What is the gene gun? How does it work? -> The gene gun was created as a new way of proceeding with gene transformation of grains in response to the difficulty of getting bacteria across grain cell walls. The gene gun is part of a method called the biolistic method, and under certain conditions, DNA (or RNA) become sticky, adhering to biologically inert particles such as metal atoms (usually tungsten or gold). Part 2: BT 4: Which university was the 1st to try GMO foods? -> Cornel University 5: What were some of the first ideas for GMOs? -> It would change the chemical and modify the food 6: Who are Monsanto? What did they set out to do? -> Multinational agricultural biotechnology corporation. 7: What is a big risk for corn crops? What is the problem with spraying with pesticides? -> It could harm people. The problem with spraying pesticides is that it would be bad for the environment and for humans. 8: What is BT? What does it do? -> Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a spore forming (flash animation) bacterium that produces crystals protein (cry proteins), which are toxic to many species of insects. Bt can be found almost everywhere in the world. 9: Why was genetically engineering considered to be a saver of the environment? -> There is no need of pesticides to kill bugs. 10: When did GM foods get into the widespread media? Part III: The Anti-GM Movement -> 1980s

11: What did the European Union vote for? -> A ban 12: What did the University of New Mexico researchers find out from surveys and focus groups? -> People dont even know or think about they dont eat genetically modified food. 13: What is your opinion on GMOs? (Before watching the video?) -> I think GMO is bad and must not allow. 14: Can someone prove that GM foods are safe? -> No, there is no one can prove that 15: How are GM foods tested for safety? -> They are never tested for the safety. 16: How does Monsanto test their GM foods at the molecular level? -> They tested it, and say that there isn't evidence that something can go wrong. 17: What does the USDA, FDA and EPA do for GM foods? USDA: Check if they're safe to grow. FDA: Check if they're safe to eat. EPA: Get involved with crops that contain BT. Part IV: Allergies 18: Why are people concerned about allergies with GM crops? -> Some allergies with GM crops could kill them 19: Why should people have confidence in GM foods? 20: What do the Union of Concerned Scientists believe should be done? -> Confidence in GM foods because they are tested safe. 21: What happened to Starlink Corn? Explain the events and consequences. -> It exposed consumers to Cry9C. So they stopped. 22: Describe the meaning of the statement, The absence of evidence isnt the absence of harm. -> It means that if there is no evidence, then it could be really harmful. Part V: GM History 23: How did humans get different types of fruits and vegetables? -> By the spread of seeds.

24: What are some of the risks of natural breeding of fruits and vegetables? -> It could be dangerous because it could contain problems. 25: What is the difference between classic breeding and genetic engineering? -> The difference is that "classical" is natural, and genetic is manmade, which could cause problems. 26: Do you believe that a single gene in a new species would change the species as a whole? -> No 27: Monsanto holds __12__ % of U.S. agricultural patents. Part VI: GMOs and the Environment 28: Monarch Butterflies love to eat __Nectar_______________ 29: What did the scientists find out about the BT Corn and Monarch Butterfly Caterpillars? -> The studies showed that monarch caterpillars have to be exposed to pollen levels greater than 1,000 grains/cm2 to show toxic effects. Part VII: GMOs and Consumers 30: What is the difference between BT Corn Pollen in the lab and in the field? -> BT corn pollen in lab is not spread out as much as in the field. More affects happen in the field. 31: Why is it so hard to know if BT Corn Pollen is harmful to Monarch Butterflies in the field? -> Because they are hard to detect 32: If you had the choice between BT Corn and spraying with insecticide- which would you choose and why? -> I would choose insecticide, because BT is harmful for environment and other organisms. Insecticides are not as harmful to the other creatures. 34: What are the fears of using BT Corn over time? -> Biological systems are infinitely flexible and far smarter Part VIII: Pesticide Resistance & Feeding the World 35: What has the EPA mandated against the pesticide resistance? How should this help? -> Requires a registrant to place a statement on the label regarding places 36: Why is it hard to guarantee that foods are GM free? -> Because they are not labeling them properly and got mixed up.

37: What is subsistence agriculture? -> Basically growing only enough food to feed the people doing the farming. There is little diversity and nothing left over to sell. If the crops fail, the people dependent on them, would starve. It is a very difficult way to live. 38: Why did Monsanto invest in the sweet potato for Africa? What were the results? -> To develop a virus resistance. The results were failing. Part VIIII: Feeding the World 39: What is one of the biggest problems with soil in farming in parts of Mexico? -> Soil erosion 40: Why do people resist the idea of helping people with GM foods? -> They endanger peoples health. Part X: Success and Challenges 41: How much money did Monsanto donate toward the world agriculture project? -> $380,000 42: What other actions have the ELF taken? -> The ELF has continued its program, it taken a variety of criminal actions since 1992. 43: The genetic Salmon have been engineered to grow 15 to 20x larger than regular Salmon. 44: What is special about the transgenic Salmon? -> The transgenic Salmon grows twice as fast as its wild counterpart 45: What is the good genes hypothesis? -> An explanation which suggests that the traits females choose when selecting a mate are honest indicators of the males ability to pass on genes that will increase the survival or reproductive success of her offspring. Part XI: Population Problems 46: What did the model tell us about what would happen if the transgenic fish escaped and ended up mating with regular fish? -> All fish will end up to be GMOs 47: What other GM products are in development? Explain the plans for bananas. -> Food such as bananas, it was picked when unripe then artificially ripped in time. 48: What is golden rice and how it is helpful? Explain.

-> Golden rice is a genetically-modified variety of rice which produces beta-carotene (provitamin A) in the rice grain. The presence of the carotene (an orange-yellow pigment) gives the rice its golden colour. Part XII: The Future of GM Products 49: Why are biotech companies worried about labeling GM products? -> People will know the truth and dont want to buy the products. 50: Why do labels reduce Americans fear of GM food? -> They will know what they are eating and where the food came from November 2012- California voters rejected Prop 37, which would have required retailers and food companies to label products made with genetically modified ingredients. 51: In spite of the fact that people in focus groups stated that they would rather see GM foods labeled, proposition 37 was rejected by Californians in November 2012. Voters were concerned about the increased costs of products that would be forced to be labeled. What is your opinion of labeling? Conclusion: Write a 5-paragraph persuasive essay (for OR against) on one of the following topics: (see persuasive essay format) * The use of GM food products * The use of labeling for GM products * The use of GM engineering for other products (vaccines, etc.) * Other topic- please get approval prior