LIAQUAT UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL HEALTH & SCIENCES JAMSHORO

INSTITUTE OF BIO MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY BS IN BIO-MEDICAL Engineering (5th Term 3rd Year) _________ Batch LAB. EXPERIMENT # 01
Name: __________________________________ Score: _____________ Roll No. _____________

Signature of Teacher: __________________ Date:___________

Objective : INTRODUCTION TO ARDUINO (Ardunio AtMega 2560) and AVR Microcontroller. EQUIPMENT REQUIRED: Arduino Board and its software, Computer/laptop, Hardwires, Bread board

Basic Concept about AVR Micro Controller

The AVR is a modified Harvard architecture 8-bit RISC single chip microcontroller which was developed by Atmel in 1996. The AVR was one of the first microcontroller families to use on-chip flash memory for program storage, as opposed to one-time programmable ROM, EPROM, or EEPROM used by other microcontrollers at the time (source Wikipedia)

Device overview
The AVR is a modified Harvard architecture machine where program and data are stored in separate physical memory systems that appear in different address spaces, but having the ability to read data items from program memory using special instructions.

Basic families
Tiny AVR Mega AVR XMEGA Application-specific AVR FPSLIC (AVR with FPGA) 32-bit AVRs Varies according to Size, processing and specification

MCU speed
The AVR line can normally support clock speeds from 0 to 20 MHz, with some devices reaching 32 MHz. Lower powered operation usually requires a reduced clock speed. All recent (Tiny, Mega, and Xmega, but not 90S) AVRs feature an on-chip oscillator, removing the need for external clocks or resonator circuitry. Some AVRs also have a system clock prescaler that can divide down the system clock by up to 1024. This prescaler can be reconfigured by software during runtime, allowing the clock speed to be optimized.

AVR Architecture

AVR Pin Diagram

What is Arduino?
Arduino is a tool for making computers that can sense and control more of the physical world than your desktop computer. It's an open-source physical computing platform based on a simple microcontroller board, and a development environment for writing software for the board. Arduino can be used to develop interactive objects, taking inputs from a variety of switches or sensors, and controlling a variety of lights, motors, and other physical outputs. Arduino projects can be stand-alone, or they can communicate with software running on your computer (e.g. Flash, Processing, MaxMSP.) The boards can be assembled by hand or purchased preassembled; the open-source IDE can be downloaded for free. The Arduino programming language is an implementation of Wiring, a similar physical computing platform, which is based on the Processing multimedia programming environment.

About Arduino Software

The open-source Arduino environment makes it easy to write code and upload it to the I/O board. It runs on Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux. The environment is written in Java and based on Processing, avr-gcc, and other open source software.

Software Screen Shot

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Hardware: The processing unit on the Arduino is the ATmega328 microcontroller integrated circuit. It uses input and output ports/pins to communicate with the outside world. Some of the microcontroller's inputs and outputs are connected to peripherals and other electronic components on the board itself, and others are available for use as sensor inputs or output to other devices. The microcontroller can be programmed using an open source programming platform based on the C programming language and a \wiring" language that is very easy to use.

Understanding Arduino Mega

The Arduino ADK is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega2560. It has a USB host interface to connect with Android based phones, based on the MAX3421e IC. It has 54 digital input/output pins (of which 15 can be used as PWM outputs), 16 analog inputs, 4 UARTs (hardware serial ports), a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. The ADK is based on the Mega 2560.

Summary
Microcontroller Operating Voltage Input Voltage (recommended) Input Voltage (limits) Digital I/O Pins Analog Input Pins DC Current per I/O Pin DC Current for 3.3V Pin Flash Memory SRAM EEPROM Clock Speed ATmega2560 5V 7-12V 6-20V 54 (of which 15 provide PWM output) 16 40 mA 50 mA 256 KB of which 8 KB used by bootloader 8 KB 4 KB 16 MHz

Pin Diagram

Question 1: What is a microcontroller? Write some famous microcontrollers ?

Question 2: Write the names of the founders of Arduino

Question 3: Define AVR Microcontroller and Define Arduino ?

Question 4: Write some applications that can be made through Arduino?

Question 5: Write some bio medical applications thats can be made through Arduino ?