CICS Overview Session

Customer Information Control System (CICS)
Day 1 Session 1
Updated in Nov 2004 Ver 2.0

Asias Largest Global Software & Services Company
Course Objectives
After completing this course you should be able to
Appreciate the salient features of CICS as a Transaction Processing system and as a DB/DC System Create user interfaces using CICS Basic Mapping Support (BMS). Access and modify VSAM files, database tables. Handle normal and abnormal CICS exception conditions. Use advanced features of CICS: Data Tables, Intercommunication, etc.
Ver 2.0
Sessions Outline

CICS Overview CICS - Application Programming Considerations CICS - Screen Handling - Basic Mapping Support CICS - Error and Exception Handling CICS - File and Database Handling CICS - Program Control CICS - Queuing Facility CICS - Interval &Task Control CICS - Testing and Debugging
Ver 2.0
Sessions Outline Advanced Topics

CICS - Storage Control CICS - CICS Intercommunication CICS - Restart and Recovery CICS - Administration and Set-up
DB2-CICS - Case Study
Ver 2.0
CICS - Overview
Session 1
Ver 2.0
Session 1 : Objectives
To Understand the
Business requirements for an online transaction processing
environment
Features and Strengths of CICS CICS Interface and Languages available to access CICS CICS Concepts and Terminologies Transaction Flow
Ver 2.0
Batch and Online System

Batch System
Transaction file
Online System
Online System
Terminals
Batch System
REPORTS VSAM / DATABASE
MASTER FILE
Ver 2.0
An Online System
ONLINE processing allows a user to interact with a
computer and access its resources via a terminal

Example : Railway Reservation system
Sales Processing system Costing system Stock Clearing System
Ver 2.0
What is CICS ?
Stands for Customer Information Control System A world-class transaction processing system - by IBM in
1960s Availability
Four versions in OS/390, CICS Transaction server 2.1 in z/OS AS/400, RISC/6000 & OS/2 PC Servers
Provides an interface between application programs and operating system services, such as data access and communication access
Ver 2.0
CICS Interface
Ver 2.0
CICS Concepts
CICS runs as a batch job and can handle hundreds of interactive users that are using a variety of applications More than one CICS system (or region) can run on the same computer at the same time. Programs running in one region do not interfere with programs running in another region
Ver 2.0
Transactions and Tasks

CICS locates a application program using a four character
code called Transaction-identifier Application programs are associated with a transaction which when invoked starts a Task A task is the execution of an application program for a specific user
Several users may invoke the same transaction, with each given a separate task
Ver 2.0
Transactions and Tasks

TASK 1
TXNA working storage for task 1
TASK 2
TXNA working storage for task 2
TASK 1 started at terminal1 by user1 executes TXNA. TASK 2 started at terminal2 by user2 executes the same TXNA. These two tasks use the same load module associated with TXNA. However, the working storage for each task is different.
Ver 2.0
Features and Strengths of CICS

Multitasking within a single address space provided by the Operating System Multithreading allowing one copy of program loaded and shared by all users
Reentrancy of programs providing separate copy of working storage for each Task
Quasi-re-entrant Priority handling
Ver 2.0
CICS User Interfaces

Majority of CICS applications written for 3270 display terminals or PCs that are emulating 3270 terminals
Presentation and Business logic provided by CICS the user interface is implemented using Basic Mapping Support (BMS)
CICS can also be used with other types of user interfaces

CICS at the back-end provides business logic Front end provides presentation logic A VB program A front-end program written in another platform Web applications run in a Web browser through HTTP
Ver 2.0
CICS Programming Languages

COBOL
Most used in mainframe
Assembler language
Fairly popular till 1970s
PL/I
Alternative to COBOL in 1970s & 1980s
C and C++
Object oriented classes can be developed that access CICS services
Java
Newest language for writing CICS applications Object oriented classes can be developed that access CICS services
Ver 2.0
CICS System
Operating System ( MVS/ESA)
Database Access Method (DL/I, DB2)
Data Access (VSAM/ BDAM )
Other systems
Telecommunication Access method (VTAM,TCAM,BTAM)
Data Storage
CICS/MV S
Data handling functions System services Data Monitoring functions communication Application program functions services
Terminal
CICS APP PROGRAMS (Cobol, PL/I, Assembler)

Ver 2.0
CICS - Terms and Definitions

Logical Unit of Work (LUW)
Synchronization Point (Syncpoint)

Basic Mapping Support Transaction Types
Ver 2.0
Logical Unit of Work (LUW)

From the application designer's point of view, a LUW is a sequence of actions that needs to be completed before any of the individual actions can be regarded as complete as shown below
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - LUW - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Task A |----------------|---------------------|--------------------------- SOT Update Delete EOT File - 1 2 records (SP)
Ver 2.0
Synchronization Point (Synchpoint)

CICS automatically issues a SYNCPOINT at the end of
each task
All the updates made by the task so far will be committed All the resources maintained by the dynamic log will be
released
Ver 2.0
BMS
Interface between the application program and the terminal
control (3270 devices)

Consists of supplied BMS modules and user-defined
screen maps
Provides format independence which simplifies
positioning of data on terminal

Uses maps as requested by the application program to
control the formatting of terminal I/O data

Maps created using the online tool SDF/CICS
Ver 2.0
CICS Application Pgm Communication
Ver 2.0
Transaction Types
Conversational Program

Program (transaction) remains idle when waiting for user response Program, data areas, control blocks remain in main storage resulting in high virtual storage utilization
Pseudo-conversational Program
Program ends after it sends data to a terminal Program is in storage only when processing data, otherwise storage released for other transactions/tasks.
Ver 2.0
Transaction Types (Contd.)

Non-Conversational Program
Programs (transactions) that are executed without user intervention Examples : Automatic Task Initiator, Batch Jobs
Ver 2.0
CICS Sample Screen Customer Inquiry
Ver 2.0
Structure Chart of a Customer Inquiry Program
Ver 2.0
Conversation Type - Illustration
EXEC CICS SEND SEND MAP(map_name) MAPSET(mapset_name) FROM(data_area) END_EXEC. IF CONVERSATION-TYPE = CONVERSATIONAL THEN EXEC CICS RECEIVE MAP(map_name) MAPSET(mapset_name) INTO(data_area) END_EXEC END-IF EXEC CICS RETURN TRANSID(txn_name) END_EXEC.
Ver 2.0
CICS Transaction Flow
Ver 2.0
CICS- Control Programs and Tables (IBM Supplied)

Temporary File Storage Control (TSP) (FCP) Journal Program Control Control (JCP) (PCP) Terminal Control (TCP)
CIC S
Transient Data (TDP)

Ver 2.0
Task Control Storage (KCP) Control (SCP)
CICS Control Programs & Tables (User Specified)

Terminal Control Program Task Control Program Program Control Program File Control Program Resource Control Program Journal control Program Temporary Storage Program Transient Data Program Storage Control Program TCT PCT PPT FCT RCT JCT TST DCT SCT
Ver 2.0
Terminal Control Flow (TCT)

The Terminal Control
Table (TCT) has an entry for each terminal

Together with Basic
Mapping Support, terminal control provides an application program, the ability to communicate with a terminal
Ver 2.0
Task Control (PCT)
Task control validates transactions by checking the Program Control Table (PCT) Task is created after the transaction is validated Concurrent processing of more than 1 task is possible (multitasking) Error message is sent to the terminal by task control for an invalid transaction
Ver 2.0
Program Control (PPT)
Task Control passes control to Program Control, which keeps track of the location of every application program The Processing Program Table (PPT) contains the program size, program source language, and other program information Stores the program library address the first time to make subsequent loading of program faster
Ver 2.0
User Application Programs

The application program processes the input and
issues commands to request services that are needed in performing the function of the application
Ver 2.0
File Control and Database
The application program issues a command to retrieve a record from a VSAM file VSAM/(B)DAM are the only files used in CICS and they should be defined in the File Control Table (FCT) For access to relational database as DB2, define the attachment to DB2 in the Resource Control Table (RCT)
Ver 2.0
Journal Control
The Journal control facility automatically logs the changes on the system log, when an application changes record in a file System log defined in the Journal Control Table (JCT) enables CICS to back-out changes when a task fails Maximum of 99 journals
Ver 2.0
Trace Control
Tracing is a CICS debugging aid CICS can write trace entries in a Trace Table (TRT)
Execute Diagnostic Facility (EDF) is another feature that enables interactive debugging
Command Interpreter (CECI) allows a programmer to enter and test CICS commands at the terminal directly
Ver 2.0
Dump Control
In case of serious error
conditions, CICS will abend the task with a task dump
The CICS transaction ABEND message contains the ABEND code.

Ver 2.0
Temporary Storage Control
Controls storage of data in main storage or on disk for later retrieval Records can be retrieved in the same sequence in which they are stored Records reside in Temporary Storage Queue (TSQ) unless deleted or when CICS closes Temporary Storage Table (TST) is required for recovery purpose
Ver 2.0
Transient Data control

CICS queuing function
sequential queue
The Destination Control
Table (DCT) contains the queue definitions

Transient data has 2 types
of queue:
Intra-partition transient data Extra-partition transient data
Ver 2.0
Ending the transaction

Output of a CICS process
Program extracts necessary fields from the VSAM record and setup an output area to be sent to the terminal
Task ends when the application program issues the
RETURN command
All storage associated will be released Other tasks can use the storage just released
Ver 2.0
Starting a TASK
TXN1
PCT Trans. TXC1 TXC2 TXN1 TXN2
CICS Address Space
Program MAPPGC1 MAPPGC2 TXNPGM1 TXNPGM2
MAPPGC1
PPT Program. MAPPGC1 MAPPGC2 TXNPGM1 TXNPGM2
Location In Storage On Disk In Storage On Disk
TXNPGM1
Load Module MAPPGC1 MAPPGC2 TXNPGM1 TXNPGM2
Library MAPLIB MAPLIB PGMLIB PGMLIB
Ver 2.0
CICS System Responsibilities
Systems Programmer
IT Management
Application Programmer
Ver 2.0
Operators (Administrators)
Session 1: Summary
Overview of Online transaction processing environment CICS Terms and Definitions Transaction, task, LUW, conversational and pseudo-conversational style CICS control programs and control tables CICS System Responsibilities
Ver 2.0
References
Yukihisa Kageyama, CICS Handbook, McGraw Hill Book Co.
CICS/ESA Application Programming Guide, Ver.3, Release 2.1.

CICS/ESA Intercommunication Guide Joseph Le Bert, CICS Made Easy, McGraw Hill International Editions, 1987 Raul Menendez and Doug Lowe, CICS for the COBOL Programmer, Part 1&2, Mike Murach & Associates, 1992
Ver 2.0

CICS Overview Session

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CICS Overview Session

Hochgeladen von

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Verfügbare Formate

Customer Information Control System (CICS)

Updated in Nov 2004 Ver 2.0

Sessions Outline Advanced Topics

DB2-CICS - Case Study

Batch and Online System

computer and access its resources via a terminal

Sales Processing system Costing system Stock Clearing System

Transactions and Tasks

Transactions and Tasks

Features and Strengths of CICS

CICS User Interfaces

CICS can also be used with other types of user interfaces

CICS Programming Languages

CICS APP PROGRAMS (Cobol, PL/I, Assembler)

CICS - Terms and Definitions

Synchronization Point (Syncpoint)

Logical Unit of Work (LUW)

Synchronization Point (Synchpoint)

control (3270 devices)

positioning of data on terminal

control the formatting of terminal I/O data

CICS Application Pgm Communication

Transaction Types (Contd.)

CICS Sample Screen Customer Inquiry

Structure Chart of a Customer Inquiry Program

Conversation Type - Illustration

CICS Transaction Flow

CICS- Control Programs and Tables (IBM Supplied)

Transient Data (TDP)

Task Control Storage (KCP) Control (SCP)

Asias Largest Global Software & Services Company

CICS Control Programs & Tables (User Specified)

Terminal Control Flow (TCT)

Table (TCT) has an entry for each terminal

Task Control (PCT)

Program Control (PPT)

User Application Programs

File Control and Database

conditions, CICS will abend the task with a task dump

The CICS transaction ABEND message contains the ABEND code.

Temporary Storage Control

Transient Data control

Table (DCT) contains the queue definitions

Ending the transaction

Task ends when the application program issues the

CICS Address Space

Program MAPPGC1 MAPPGC2 TXNPGM1 TXNPGM2

PPT Program. MAPPGC1 MAPPGC2 TXNPGM1 TXNPGM2

Location In Storage On Disk In Storage On Disk

Load Module MAPPGC1 MAPPGC2 TXNPGM1 TXNPGM2

Library MAPLIB MAPLIB PGMLIB PGMLIB

CICS System Responsibilities

Asias Largest Global Software & Services Company

CICS/ESA Application Programming Guide, Ver.3, Release 2.1.

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