ƒV›>V[ c∫Ô”¬z¬

ÔΩ™\V™ ºÂ´›Á>›
>ÚDº√Vm (4:1ä7)
Øt ®[≈ ÷Õ>¬ ºÔV·›]_ ƒV›>V[ Â[≈VÔºk
kVµ˛[≈V[. 1 ""c∫Ô^ ®]´VπBV˛B ∏ƒVƒV™k[
ÿÔÏflE¬˛≈ E∫ÔDº√V_ ®kÁ™ sø∫ÔÈVº\V ®[Æ
kÁÔ º>Ω› ∑u§›]ˆ˛≈V['' (1 º√m. 5:8).
ÿkπ. 12_ ∏ƒVƒV™kÁ™©√u§B cÚkÔxD, ∂k–
Á¶B ºÂV¬Ô∫Ô”D E›>ˆ¬Ô©√‚|^·m. ÷Àk]ÔV´D
ÔÏ©√k]BV™ ŒÚ ÿ√ı \uÆD Ek©√V™ ÿ√ˆB
kKƒÏ©√›][ ÔV‚E•¶[ ÿ>V¶∫z˛[≈m. ∂Õ>©
ÿ√ıË[ zwÕÁ> ∏≈Õ>°¶[ ∂Á>© √‚E›m©
º√V|D√Ω ∂Õ> kKƒÏ©√D W[≈m. ∂Õ> kKƒÏ©√D
kƒ™D 9_ ∏ƒV∑ ®[Æ ∂Á¶BV·© √|›>©√|˛[≈m;
∂Õ>¬ zwÕÁ> ˛§¸mkVlÚ¬˛≈VÏ.2 ºkÆ kVÏ›Á>Ôπ_
ÌÆkÿ>[≈V_, ÷ºB∑ ∏≈Õ>m x>ºÈ ∂kÁ´ ∂a©√º>
∏ƒVE[ ºÂV¬Ô\VlÚÕ>m. √flE·D zwÕÁ>ÔÁ· ∞º´Vm
ÿÔVÁÈ ÿƒFs›>]oÚÕm EKÁk kÁ´lKD ƒV›>V–
Á¶B ÿÔV˘´\V™ xBuEÔÁ· ∑sºƒ≠ ±_Ô^ Â\¬z¬
ÌÆ˛[≈™. ÷Ú©∏–D ÷ºB∑Ák ∂a¬zD xBuEl_
ƒV›>V[ º>V_sBÁ¶Õ>V[. ÿkπ. 12:5_ ∂Õ>¬ zwÕÁ>
""º>kM¶›]uzD ∂kÚÁ¶B E∫ÔVƒ™›]M¶›]uzD
®|›m¬ÿÔV^·©√‚¶m'' ®[Æ z§©∏‚|^·m ä ÷m
÷ºB∑ √´ºÈVÔ›]uz ®|›m¬ ÿÔV^·©√‚¶>uÔV™ ŒÚ
z§©√VzD. ∂Õ> kKƒÏ©√D zwÕÁ>ÁB© ∏Ω¬Ô©
∏[√u§fl ÿƒ_È xB[≈m, g™V_ ∂m ØtlºÈ sw›
>^·©√‚¶m. ∂©ÿ√Vøm ∂m ∂Õ>© ÿ√ıË[*m
>™m ºÔV√›Á>¬ ÔV‚¶ xBuE›>m, g™V_ º>k[
∂©ÿ√ıÁ© √VmÔV›>VÏä÷Às>\VÔ, ""kKƒÏ©√

216
\V™m ¸]Zl[º\_ ºÔV√∫ÿÔVı|, º>k–Á¶B
Ôu√Á™ÔÁ·¬ ÁÔ¬ÿÔV^”˛≈kÏÔ”D, ÷ºB∑ ˛§¸
mÁk¬ z§›mfl ƒV‚EÁB cÁ¶BkÏÔ”\V˛B, ∂k”
Á¶B ƒÕ>]BV™ \u≈kÏÔ”¶º™ •›>D √ı©
º√VluÆ'' (ÿkπ. 12:17). ""º>k–Á¶B Ôu√Á™ÔÁ·¬
ÁÔ¬ ÿÔV^”˛≈kÏÔ”D, ÷ºB∑ ˛§¸mÁk¬ z§›mfl
ƒV‚EÁB cÁ¶BkÏÔ”D'' ˛§¸>kÏÔ^ gkVÏÔ^!
∏ƒVƒV™k™V_ ÷ºB∑Ák ∂a¬Ô xΩBV\_ º√V™>V_,
∂k[ ÷©ÿ√Vøm c∫ÔÁ·•D, ®[Á™•D ∂a¬Ô
sÚDA˛[≈V[!
ƒÁ√ÁB ∂a¬Ôfl ƒV›>V[ ®|›> xBuEÔπ[
ÿ>V¶¬Ô›Á>©√u§ ÷©√V¶D ÌÆ˛[≈m. 3 g´D√
WÁÈloÚÕ> ƒÁ√ ƒ\V>V™›]KD, ∂Á\]lKD \˛µÕ
]ÚÕ>m, g™V_ ∂m ""ABK¬z xu√‚¶ ∂Á\]BVF''
÷ÚÕ>m. º>k–Á¶B \¬ÔÁ· ∏ƒVƒV™k[ ŒÚ
ÿ√VømD, ÿÂ|ÂV‚Ô”¬z› >MBVF s‚| s|k]_ÁÈ.
Â\m xÕÁ>B √V¶›]_ ÂVD ∂©. 3[ √Ω©Á√ xΩ›
º>VD. cÏ°© ØÏk\VÔ© ÿ√V∫˛ ®øÕ> ŒÚ Ì‚¶D
ÌΩBº√Vm, ∂kÏÔ”¬z© º√mÚ ÂuÿƒF]ÁB© ∏´ƒ∫
˛›>VÏ. ]œÿ´™ ∂k´m ∏´ƒ∫ÔD WÆ›>©√‚¶m, ˛§¸
>kÏÔ”¬z x>ÈVkm c√›]´kD ÿ>V¶∫˛uÆ. ÷Õ>©
√V¶›]KD, ÷M kÚD ÷´ı| √V¶∫ÔπKD, ÷ÀsÚ
∂©º√V¸>ÈÏÔ^ ®Às>D √]_ÿƒB_ ÿƒF>™Ï ®[Æ
ÂVD √VÏ¬Ô sÚDA˛[º≈VD, ∂>[ JÈD, ""ƒV›>V[
Â\¬z¬ ÔΩ™\V™ ºÂ´›Á>› >ÚDº√Vm'' ÂVD ®Às>D
√]_ÿƒB_ ÿƒFB ºkı|D ®[√Á> ÂVD ÔVıº√VD.

sB©√Á¶B ºkı¶VD (4:1ä3)

""˛§¸m ÷ºB∑°¬z^ º>k√¬]BVF ¶¬Ô
\™>VlÚ¬˛≈ BVkÚD m[√©√|kVÏÔ^'' ®[Æ √°_
̧™VÏ (2 yº\V. 3:12). º√mÚ, ""... c∫Ô^ Â|s_ √u§
ÿBˆ˛≈ ∂¬˛MÁB¬ z§›m ∞º>V AmÁ\ÿB[Æ
]ÁÔBV\_'' ®[Æ Ì§™VÏ (1 º√m. 4:12). c√›]´k∫Ô^
kÚDº√Vm ÂVD sB©√Á¶B¬ ̶Vm.

217
 ÷ºB∑ Ê≠ÏÔπ¶›]_, ""... ®[ ÂV\›]Mt›>D 4
∂kÏÔ^ c∫ÔÁ·©∏Ω›m, ÿ¤√ gÈB∫Ô”¬zD EÁ≈fl
ƒVÁÈÔ”¬zD Œ©A¬ ÿÔV|›m ... c∫ÔÁ· ÷ø›m›
m[√©√|›mkVÏÔ^ ... ®[ ÂV\›]Mt›>D ®_ÈV´VKD
√ÁÔ¬Ô©√|TÏÔ^'' ®[Æ ®flƒˆ›]ÚÕ>VÏ (Ÿ¬. 21:12, 17;
º\KD \›. 10:17, 18; ºBVkV. 15:18ä16:4). c√›]´kD
kÚ\V? ®[√m ÷∫z ºÔ^sB_È; ®©ÿ√Vøm kÚD?
®[√º> ºÔ^sBVzD. º√mÚ°D ºBVkV–D ÷Á¶
\§¬Ô©√‚¶º√Vm ÷¬ºÔ^s¬z© √]_ >´©√‚¶m.

∂kÏÔ^ ¤™∫Ô”¶º™ º√E¬ ÿÔVıΩÚ¬ÁÔl_,

gƒVˆBÏÔ”D º>kVÈB›mfl ºƒÁ™› >ÁÈk–D,
ƒmºƒBÚD ∂kÏÔπ¶›]_ kÕm, ∂kÏÔ^ ¤™∫
Ô”¬z c√º>E¬˛≈]™VKD, ÷ºB∑Ák x[M‚|
\ˆ›º>VˆoÚÕm clÏ›ÿ>ø>ÁÈ© ∏´ƒ∫˛¬˛≈]
™VKD, E™D ÿÔVı|, ∂kÏÔÁ·© ∏Ω›m,
ƒVB∫ÔVÈ\VlÚÕ>√Ωl™V_, \ÆÂV^ kÁ´¬zD
ÔVko_ Ák›>VÏÔ^ (k. 1ä3).

∂©º√V¸>ÈÏÔÁ·¬ ÁÔm ÿƒF>kÏÔ^ ®ÚƒºÈt

oÚÕ> \VϬÔ, ∂´EB_ \uÆD ƒx>VB› >ÁÈkÏÔ^
gkVÏÔ^. ∂kÏÔ^ ∂ÕÂÔˆ[ ∂]ÔV´›mk© ∏´]W]Ô^
gkVÏÔ^!
""gƒVˆBÏÔ^'' ®[√m (k. 23)5 ""∏´>V™ gƒVˆBÏÔπ[.''
kakÕ> ®_ÈV ""∏´>V™ gƒVˆBÚÁ¶B z|D√›>VÏ
BVkÚD'' ŒÚ zøkVÔ ÷Ú¬Ô ºkı|D (k. 6), \uÆD
º>kVÈB© √ËÔπ_6 ÿ√VÆ©A^· gƒVˆBÏÔ”D ∂]_
÷Ú¬Ô ºkı|D. ""º>kVÈB›mfl ºƒÁ™› >ÁÈk[''
®[√m º>kVÈB›m© √VmÔV©∏uz© ÿ√VÆ©√V·Ï
gkVÏ7; ∂kÏ ∂]ÔV´›]_ ∏´>V™ gƒVˆBÚ¬z ∂|›>
k´VÔ ÷ÚÕ>VÏ. ""ƒmºƒBÏÔ^''8 ®[√kÏÔ^ º>kVÈB›
Á>•D √ȸy™›Á>•D Ô‚|©√V| ÿƒF> ŒÚ E§B
g™V_ k_ÈÁ\•^· kz©∏™Ï gkÏ. ∏´>V™ gƒVˆBÏ
ŒÚ ƒmºƒB´VÔ ÷ÚÕ>VÏ; ƒ™ÿ>Z[ ƒ∫Ô›]_ ∂ºÂÔÏ
ƒmºƒB´VlÚÕ>™Ï (5:17). ƒmºƒBÏÔ^ º´V\VAˆºBV|
Œ›mÁw¬Ô sÚ©√x^·kÏÔ·VF ÷ÚÕ>>V_, ∂kÏÔ^

218
ÂV‚Ω_ ÷ÚÕ> tzÕ> k_ÈÁ\•^· ∂´EB_ zøkVÔ°D
÷ÚÕ>™Ï. ∏ƒVƒV™k[ ƒÁ√¬z c√›]´kD ÿÔV|¬Ô›
ÿ>V¶∫˛B º√Vm c¶™ΩBVÔ ∂k[ ""x>_ zøÁk
∂–©∏™V[.''
c√›]´kD ®[√m ""ÂÔˆ[ tÔ ºÂÏ›]BV™ zøs¶D''
÷ÚÕm, \VϬԛ >ÁÈkÏÔπ¶tÚÕm, ƒÁ√ cÆ©∏™Ï
Ôπ¶tÚÕm ̶ (2 ÿÔVˆ. 11:26) k´ xΩ•D! ƒV›>V[
BVÁ´ ºkı|\V™VKD √B[√|›mkV[, ∂k™V_ ∂m
xΩ•D (\›. 16:23).
c√›]´k›]uÔV™ ÔV´∫Ô^ ÂDÁ\ sB©√Á¶Bfl
ÿƒFB¬ ̶Vm. º√mÚ°D ºBVkV–D, º>k[ ∂_Èm
\M>ÚÁ¶B ®Õ>fl ƒ‚¶›Á> *§™VÏÔ^? ®Á>•D ∂_È.
∂kÏÔ^ ŒÚ \M>Á™¬ z\V¬˛ ŒÚ ∏´ƒ∫ÔD
ÿƒF>™Ï, ∂Àk·ºk. gl–D ∂ÕÂV‚Ôπ_ 9 ÷ÚÕ>
∂]ÔV´ kϬԛ]uz ŒÚ √BxÆ›>ÁÈ ∂kÏÔ^ x[
Ák›>™Ï. ∂©º√V¸>ÈÏÔπ[ ªaBD, ∂]ÔV´› >´ÔÏ
ÔÁ· J[Æ ∂Dƒ∫Ôπ_ ÔÈ∫Ôfl ÿƒF>m:
(1) º√mÚ°D ºBVkV–D ""\¬Ô”¬z º√V]›m¬
ÿÔVıΩÚÕ>™Ï.'' º√mÚ°D ºBVkV–D \¬Ô”¬z
º√V]›>™Ï ®[≈ cıÁ\ÁB ∂kÏÔ^ sÚD√s_ÁÈ;
∂Õ> EÈV¬˛B›Á> ∂kÏÔ^ >∫Ô”¬ÿÔ[Æ \‚|D
>uÔV›m¬ÿÔV^· sÚD∏™Ï. ®_ÈVku§uzD º\ÈVÔ,
º√mÚ°D ºBVkV–D º√V]›> s≠B∫ÔÁ· ∂kÏÔ^
sÚD√s_ÁÈ; \u≈ s≠B∫Ôº·V| ̶, ∂kÏÔ^
º\EBVÁk¬ ÿÔVÁÈ ÿƒF>>VÔ ∂©º√V¸>ÈÏÔ^ zu≈D
ƒV‚Ω™VÏÔ^ (3:14, 15)!
(2) º√mÚ°D ºBVkV–D ""÷ºB∑Ák ... ∂§s›m¬
ÿÔVıΩÚÕ>™Ï.'' º´V\ÏÔ^ ÷ºB∑Ák© EKÁkl_
∂Á≈Õ>º√Vm, R>ÏÔ^ ŒÚ ÿ>VÕ>´°¬ÔV´Á™› >V∫Ô^
xΩ°¬z¬ ÿÔVı| kÕms‚¶>VÔ ®ıË™Ï, g™V_
÷©ÿ√Vøº>V ÷ºB∑ >VD clº´VΩÚÕ> ÔVÈ›Á>¬
ÔV‚ΩKD ∂]Ô\V™ ʶÏÔÁ·© ÿ√u§ÚÕ>VÏ!
(3) º√mÚ°D ºBVkV–D ""\ˆ›º>VˆoÚÕm clÏ›
ÿ>ø>_ ÷ºB∑°¬z^ ÷Ú©√>VÔ ∂§s›>™Ï.'' ∂kÏÔ^,
÷ºB∑ \ˆ›º>VˆoÚÕm clÏ›ÿ>øÕ>Á>© ∏´ƒ∫˛›>m

219
\‚|t[§, \u≈kÏÔ”D ÷ºB∑°¬z^ ÷Ú¬zDº√Vm
\ˆ›>VKD clÏ›ÿ>ø©√©√¶¬Ì|D ®[Æ ∂§s›>
™Ï!10 EÈ s≠B∫Ô^ ƒmºƒBÏÔÁ· ∂]Ô\VF¬ ÔÈ∫Ôfl
ÿƒF>™! 11 ∂kÏÔ^ clÏ›ÿ>ø>ÁÈ ÂDAk]_ÁÈ;
∂kÏÔ^ ÷BuÁÔ¬z ∂©√Vu√‚¶ÁkÔÁ· ÂDAk]_ÁÈ.
(ÂVD skV]›m¬ ÿÔVıΩÚ¬zD ∏ƒVƒV™kÁ™ ∂kÏÔ^
WflƒB\VÔ ÂDAk]_ÁÈ!) º√mÚ°D ºBVkV–D ®Õ>
ƒ‚¶›Á>•D *≈V]ÚÕmD, ∂©ÿ√Vøm ÷ÚÕ> WÁÈÁB
∂kÏÔ^ ÷¶≈_ √|›]™Ï, ÷m ŒÚ ÿ√ˆB xΩÁk¬
ÿÔVı|k´¬ Ì|D!
EÈ ºkÁ·Ôπ_, ˛§¸>kÏÔ^ ®[≈ xÁ≈l_ ÂVD
Â[Á\ ÿƒFÁÔl_, ƒV›>V[ Â\¬z¬ ÔΩ™\V™ ºÂ´›Á>¬
ÿÔV|©√m√u§ ÂVD sB©√Á¶˛º≈VD. ""ÂV∫Ô^
BVÁ´•D m[√©√|›>s_ÁȺB!'' ®[Æ ÂVD ®]Ϭ˛[
º≈VD. ""˛§¸m ÷ºB∑°¬z^ º>k√¬]BVF ¶¬Ô
\™>VlÚ¬˛≈ BVkÚD m[√©√|kVÏÔ^'' ®[Æ √°_
̧™VÏ (2 yº\V. 3:12). ÷ºB∑ ""Â[Á\ ÿƒF˛≈k´VF
∑u§› ]ˆÕ>VÏ'' (10:38), g™VKD ∂kÏ EKÁklÈÁ≈B©
√‚¶VÏ.
º\KD, EÈÏ º>k–Á¶B kƒ™›Á>12 >V∫Ô^ s∑
kVE›m º√V]¬zDº√Vm Ôı¶™D √ı©√|km√u§
sB©√Á¶˛[≈™Ï. ÷Á>©√u§ ƒÕº>Ô©√¶ ºkı¶VD:
ÂVD Â_ÈxÁ≈l_ kVµÕm º>k–Á¶B kƒ™›Á>©
∏´ƒ∫˛¬zDº√Vm, ƒV›>V™V_ ∂Á>› >V∫Ô xΩBVm!
Â\m ƒV‚EB›Á> Œ[Æ\u≈>VÔ g¬Ô ∂k[ √È kaÔπ_
xBuE ÿƒFkV[. ∂Á> EÕ>Á™l_ Ák•∫Ô^!
R>› >ÁÈkÏÔ^ º√mÚÁk•D ºBVkVÁ™•D ÁÔm
ÿƒF>º√Vm, \ÆÂV^ kÁ´ ∂kÏÔÁ·fl ""EÁ≈l_ ∂Á¶›
>VÏÔ^.'' 13 ∞ÿ™[≈V_ ∞uÔ™ºk ∂m \VÁÈ ºÂ´\V
lÚÕ>m.14 ∂kÏÔ^ ƒ‚¶©ØÏk\V™ EÈ º>ÁkÔ”¬ÔVÔ15
\ÆÂV^ kÁ´ ÔV›]Ú¬ÔÈVD; ÷Às≠B›Á> ®©√Ω¬
ÁÔBV^km ®™ xΩ° ÿƒFB¬ ÔVÈ ∂kÔVƒ›Á> ∂kÏÔ^
sÚD∏lÚ¬ÔÈVD (∂©º√V¸>ÈÏÔ^ >kÆ ®m°D
ÿƒFBs_ÁȺB!); ∂_Èm ∂]ÔV´›Á> ®]Ï©√m ®[≈V_
∂>[ √È[ ®[™kVlÚ¬zD ®[√Á> ∂©º√V¸>ÈÏÔ^

220
ÚE √VϬzD√Ω {ˆ´° ∂kÏÔÁ·fl EÁ≈l_ ∂Á¶›m
Ák¬Ô sÚD∏lÚ¬ÔÈVD. º√mÚÁk•D ºBVkVÁ™•D
ÁÔm ÿƒF•D√ΩBV™ xÔVÕ]´D ®m°D ∂kÏÔ”¬
˛_ÁÈ, ∂kÏÔÁ·fl EÁ≈l_ ∂Á¶¬Ô°D ÔV´D ®m°D
÷_ÁÈ (kƒ™D 21n¬ ÔkM•∫Ô^), g™V_ ÷ºB∑Ák
\´› yÏÁk¬z c‚√|›]lÚÕ> ∂kÏÔ^ ÷Às>
""O‚√∫Ô^'' √u§ ∂]Ô\VF Œ[ÆD ÔkÁÈ©√¶s_ÁÈ.

c∫Ô^ Ô´∫ÔÁ·› #¬˛ÿB§Õm

s¶ºkı¶VD (4:4ä6) 16

ƒV›>V[ ÔΩ™\V™ ºÂ´›Á> Â\¬z¬ ÿÔV|¬zDº√Vm

ÂDt_ EÈÏ tÔ°D Á>ˆB\uÆ© º√V˛[º≈VD: ""ÂVD
ÿkπºB§ s|km Â_Èm! ®m°º\ ƒˆBVÔ Â¶¬Ô
s_ÁȺB!'' ÷Á>¬ ÔkM•∫Ô^: ƒV›>V[ Â\m kVµÁk¬
ÔΩ™\V¬zkV[, ∞ÿ™M_ ÂVD ÿ>V¶ÏÕm ÿƒBÈVu§
™V_ ÔÏ›>Ú¬ÿÔ[Æ \Vÿ√ÚD ÿƒB_Ô^ ÂÁ¶ÿ√ÆD
®[Æ ∂k[ ∂§Õm^·V[! ÂV[ ∏´ƒ∫˛¬zDº√Vm ÁÔm
ÿƒFB©√‚|fl EÁ≈l_ {ˆ´Ák¬ Ôa¬Ô ºÂÏÕ>V_,
∑sºƒ≠ ªaBD º>V_sBV™m ®[Æ ®ıbD√Ω ÂV[
ºƒV]¬Ô©√¶¬ Ì|D. gl–D º√mÚs[ ∏´ƒ∫Ô›][
sÁ·Ák¬ ÔkM•∫Ô^: ""kƒ™›Á>¬ ºÔ‚¶kÏÔπ_
∂ºÂÔÏ s∑kVE›>VÏÔ^; ∂kÏÔ^ ÿ>VÁÔ ∞≈¬zÁ≈B
nBVl´\VlÚÕ>m'' (k. 4). ÷D\¬Ô^ º√mÚ°D
ºBVkV–D ÁÔm ÿƒFB©√‚¶Á>© √VÏ›]ÚÕ>™Ï,
g™V_ ∂m ∂kÏÔ^ ˛§¸>kÏÔ·VkÁ>› >|›m WÆ›>
s_ÁÈ! ÿƒF]Bπ›>kÏÔ^ EÁ≈lo¶©√‚¶™Ï, g™V_
ÿƒF] EÁ≈lo¶©√¶s_ÁÈ. º>k–Á¶B kƒ™\V™m
ºÂÏÁ\BV™ ÷Ú>B›]_ ÷¶©√|Dº√Vm ∂m
k_ÈÁ\•^·>V˛[≈m (Ÿ¬. 8:15; º´V\Ï 1:16).
""s∑kVE›>VÏÔ^'' ®[Æ kƒ™D 4_ Ì≈©√|km,
÷D\M>ÏÔ^ ÿkÆ\º™ ÷ºB∑Ák º\EBV ®[Æ s∑
kVE›> WÁȺBV| W[Æs‚¶™Ï ®[Æ ÿ√VÚ^√¶Vm.
""s∑kVƒD'' ®[≈ kVÏ›Á> ""ÂD∏¬ ˇµ©√Ω>_''17 ®[≈
√´Õ> ÿ√VÚπ_ √B[√|›>©√‚|^·m. ¶√ΩÔ^

221
±o_18 ŒÚ EÈ \™\Vu≈ WÔµflEÔº· sˆkVÔ› >´©
√‚|^·™; ®fiE•^·ÁkÔπ_ kw¬Ô\VÔ ""]´·V™
AÚ≠ÏÔ”D, ¸]ZÔ”D s∑kVƒx^·kÏÔ·V˛ ...'' (5:14)
∂_Èm ""... ∂ºÂÔÚD s∑kVƒ›]uz¬ ˇµ©√ΩÕ>VÏÔ^''
(6:7) ®[√m º√V[≈ ∑Ú¬Ô¬ ÌuÆÔº· >´©√‚|^·™.
""º>k[ √‚ƒ√V>x^·k´_È'' (10:34) ®[√>V_, kƒ™D
4_ z§©∏‚|^·kÏÔ^, ÿ√Õÿ>ÿÔV¸º> ÂVπ_
JkVl´D º√Ï ÿƒF>m º√VȺk \™Õ]ÚD∏ QV™¸
ÂV™D ÿ√u§Ú¬Ô ºkı|D ®[√]_ ƒÕº>ÔD ®m°D
÷Ú¬Ô xΩBVm. ÷∫˛ÈVÕm ƒÁ√l[ √V¶©A›>ÔD
Œ[Æ: ""∂º> ƒ\BD, ∞≈¬zÁ≈B nBVl´D R>ÏÔ^,
z©√|›>©√‚¶ ∂uA>›Á>¬ Ôı| ∂_Èm ºÔ‚|,
º√mÚs[ ∂Á≈ÌkÁÈ ∞uÆ ƒÁ√¬z^ QV™¸ÂV™D
ÿ√u≈™Ï'' ®[Æ z§©∏|˛[≈m ®[Æ Bernard R. Youngman,
Spreading the Gospel ®[≈ ±o_ ̧™VÏ.'' ∂©. 3_,19 ""º√mÚ
QV™¸ÂV™›Á>©√u§¬ z§©∏‚ΩÚ¬ÔV]ÚÕ>V_
∂kÏÔ^ QV™¸ÂV™D ÿ√≈ºkı|D ®[Æ ®©√Ω
∂§Õ]Ú©√VÏÔ^? \¬Ô^ ŒÀÿkVÚ ÂV”D QV™¸ÂV™D
ÿ√u≈™Ï (2:41, 47)! QV™¸ÂV™D ÿ√ÆkÁ>© √VÏ›m¬
ÿÔVıΩÚ¬zD ˛§¸>kÏÔπ[ Ì‚¶D ®ÚƒºÈt_
ƒV>V´\V™ ÔV‚EBVlÚÕ>m! ˛§¸>k´VÔ sÚDAD
®kÚD ∂>uÔV™ kaxÁ≈ÔÁ· ∂§B xΩÕ]ÚÕ>m.
kƒ™D 4_ ""\M>ÏÔ^'' ®[Æ ÿ\VaBV¬Ô©√‚|^·
kVÏ›Á> (>ta_ ÷m ""∂kÏÔ^'' ®[Æ^·m) ÿ√Vm©√V_
ÿƒV_ÈV™ anthropos ®[≈ kVÏ›Á>loÚÕm (gıÔ^,
ÿ√ıÔÁ·¬ z§¬zD kVÏ›Á>)20 kÕ>>_È. \V≈VÔ ∂m
""\–¥loÚÕm s›]BVƒ\V™ \M>['' ®™© ÿ√VÚ^
√|D aner ®[≈ z§©∏‚¶ kVÏ›Á>loÚÕm kÕ>>VzD.
""∞≈¬zÁ≈B nBVl´\VlÚÕ>m'' ®[≈ ÿƒVuÿ≈V¶´V™m
gıÔÁ· \‚|º\ z§©√>VlÚ©√>V_, ∂kÏÔ^
®_ÈVÚD21 ®Àk·° º√Ï ÷ÚÕ]Ú©√VÏÔ^ ®[√Á> ÂVD
RÔD ÿƒFB \V›]´º\ xΩ•D. ∂kÏÔ^ ®_ÈVÚD
zÁ≈Õ>m √›>Vl´D º√´Vkm ÷ÚÕ]Ú¬Ô ºkı|D!22
®ˆ˛≈ ®ıÿl_ >ıßÁ´ ªu§™V_ ÿÂÚ©A √´°D;
ƒÁ√ÁB ∂a¬Ô ƒV›>V[ ®|›> ŒÀÿkVÚ xBuE•D

222
∂Á> √´kfl ÿƒFkÁ>ºB sÁ·kV¬˛uÆ!
gl–D, ÁÔm ÿƒFm, {ˆ´° EÁ≈l_ ∂Á¶¬Ô©√‚¶
ÿ>[√m ∂©º√V¸>ÈÏÔπ[ ƒV‚EB›Á> Œ[Æ\u≈
>V¬Ôfl ƒV›>V[ ÿƒF> xBuEÔπ[ ÿ>V¶¬Ô\VÔºk
÷ÚÕ>m. ∂|›> ÂV^ ÔVÁÈl_, ∂©º√V¸>ÈÏÔ”¬
ÿÔ]´VÔ Â¶kΩ¬ÁÔ ®|¬Ô ŒÚ k_ÈÁ\•^· zø Œ[Æ
ÌΩfl ÿƒB_√V‚Ω_ ÷≈∫˛uÆ:

\ÆÂVπºÈ ¤™∫Ô”Á¶B ∂]ÔVˆÔ”D,

J©√ÚD ºk>√V´ÔÚD ∏´>V™ gƒVˆB™V˛B
∂[™V°D ÔVF√V°D, ºBVkV–D, ∂ÿȬƒÕ>ÚD,
∏´>V™ gƒVˆBÚÁ¶B z|D√›>VÏ BVkÚD
®ÚƒºÈtºÈ Ì‚¶∫ÌΩ (k. 5, 6).

""∂]ÔVˆÔ^'' ®[√kÏÔ^ ""∏´>V™ gƒVˆBÏÔ·VF''

÷ÚÕ>™Ï (k. 23). ""J©√Ï'' ®[√kÏÔ^ QV™xD √¬zk
xD c^·kÏÔ^ ®™© ÿ√BÏÿ√u≈ kB]_ x]ÏÕ>
>ÁÈkÏÔ·VlÚÕ>™Ï. ""ºk>√V´ÔÏ'' ®[√kÏÔ^ WBVB©
∏´\V›]_ su√[™ÏÔ·VlÚÕ>™Ï.23 ÷DJ[Æ zø¬
Ô”D ÷ÁÕ>º> ƒ™ÿ>Z[ ®[≈ g”ÁÔ ∂Á\©
√VzD.24 ƒ™ÿ>Z[ ®[√m R>ÏÔπ[ √V´V”\[≈\VÔ°D
(5:21) cBÏ ¿]\[≈\VÔ°D ÷ÚÕ>m.25 ∂[Æ ÔVÁÈl_
√ȸy™›][ ÷›>Mfl E≈©A kVFÕ> zø,
ÔoºÈBVsoÚÕm kÕ> ÷Õ> *[ ∏Ω©√kÏÔÁ· ®[™
ÿƒFkm ®[Æ xΩÿk|©√>uÔVÔ ŒÚ E≈©A¬
Ì‚¶›Á>¬ Ì‚ΩBm!
∂∫z ÌΩlÚÕ>kÏÔπ[ √‚ΩBÁÈ© √VϬzD º√Vm,
ÛµWÁÈl[ x¬˛B›mkD AÈ™V˛[≈m. ""∏´>V™
gƒVˆB™V˛B ∂[™V ∂∫˛ÚÕ>VÏ.'' ""∏´>V™ gƒVˆB[''
®[√m ÿÔe´k\V™ ŒÚ √‚¶\VzD.26 ∂[™V, x[A ∏´
>V™ gƒVˆB´VlÚÕ>kÏ. ∂ºÂÔ kÚ¶∫Ô^ ∂kÏ ∏´>V™
gƒVˆB´VÔ ªaBD ÿƒF>∏≈z, ∂kÏ º´V\VMBÏÔ·V_
∂©√>sloÚÕm ¿¬Ô©√‚¶VÏ. gl–D ∂ºÂÔ R>ÏÔ^
∂kÁ´© ∏´>V™ gƒVˆB´VÔºk ÔÚ]™Ï, ∂kÏ √>sl[
∏[A≈ √È\VlÚÕ>VÏ.27 ∂[™Vs[ \Ú\Ô™V˛B ÔVF√V
∂©º√VÁ>B ∏´>V™ gƒVˆB´VlÚÕ>VÏ (\›. 26:57;

223
ºBVkV. 18:13, 24). ºBVkV–D, ∂ÿȬƒÕ>ÚD BVÿ´[√m
WflƒB\VÔ› ÿ>ˆBs_ÁÈ, g™VKD Ÿ¬ÔVs[ ®ø›m¬
ÔÁ· kVE©√kÏÔ”¬z ∂kÏÔ^ ÿƒ_kV¬z^·kÏÔ^
®[√m ÿ>ˆÕ]Ú¬Ô ºkı|D. ∂kÏÔ^ ∂[™V ∂_Èm
ÔVF√Vs[ \Ô[Ô·VÔ ÷Ú¬ÔÈVD, ÷Às>\VÔ ∂kÏÔ^
∏´>V™ gƒVˆBˆ[ ka kÕ>kÏÔ·VlÚÕ>™Ï. 28
®Às>›]KD ∂kÏÔ^ ""∏´>V™ gƒVˆBˆ[ kDƒV kal™
´VlÚÕ>™Ï.'' º\KD Ÿ¬ÔV, ""∏´>V™ gƒVˆBÚÁ¶B
z|D√›>VÏ BVkÚD'' ∂∫˛ÚÕ>™Ï 29 ®[ÆD z§©
∏‚¶VÏ. ®ÚƒºÈtoÚÕ> x¬˛B\V™kÏÔ^ BVÚD ∂∫z
÷_ÈV\o_ÁÈ!
ÂV‚Ω[ k_ÈÁ\ kVFÕ> ÷D\M>ÏÔ”¬z x[√VÔ
∂Áw¬Ô©√‚¶ º√mÚ ∂_Èm ºBVkV™VÔ ÂV[ ÷ÚÕ
]ÚÕ>V_, ∂flÛµWÁÈÁB ÂV[ ŒÚ ∂¶¬zxÁ≈BVÔ¬
ÔıΩÚ©º√[. º√mÚ°D ºBVkV–D ∂Õ>fl ÛµWÁÈÁB
ŒÚ kVF©√VÔ¬ Ôı¶™Ï. c√›]´k∫ÔÁ·©√u§ ÷ºB∑
>\m Ê≠ÏÔ”¬z ®flƒˆ¬ÁÔ ÿƒFÁÔl_, ""... ∂kÏÔ^
c∫ÔÁ·© ∏Ω›m, ÿ¤√ gÈB∫Ô”¬zD EÁ≈flƒVÁÈ
Ô”¬zD Œ©A¬ ÿÔV|›m, ´V¤V¬Ô^ x[√VÔ°D ∂]√]
Ô^ x[√VÔ°D c∫ÔÁ· ÷ø›m› m[√©√|›mkVÏÔ^.
g™VKD ∂m c∫Ô”¬zfl ƒV‚EBVk>uz ∞mkVlÚ¬
zD'' ®[Æ Ì§lÚÕ>VÏ (Ÿ¬. 21:12, 13). º√mÚ°D
ºBVkV–D ƒ™ÿ>Z[ ƒ∫Ô›>VÚ¬z© º√V]¬Ô ºkÆ
®Às¶›]_ kVF©A© ÿ√u§Ú¬Ô xΩ•D? ∂kÏÔ^
ƒ∫˛oÔ·V_ Ô‚¶©√‚|fl ÿƒ_kº> ∂kÏÔ”¬˛ÚÕ>
Œº´ kVF©√VlÚÕ>m!
¶√ΩÔ^ ±ÁÈ ÂVD ÿ>V¶ÏÕm √Ω¬ÁÔl_ ∂]_
˛§¸>kÏ ŒÚkÏ ¿]\[≈›]uz ∂Áw›mfl ÿƒ_È©√|D
ŒÀÿkVÚ ºkÁ·•D, ∂kÏ >[Á™› >uÔV›m¬ ÿÔV^·©
√B[√|›>V\_, ÷ºB∑Ák©√u§ ∂§s¬zD ŒÚ kVF©
√VÔºk √B[√|›]•^·VÏ ®[√Á>¬ ÔVıº√VD!
ƒV›>V[ Â\¬z¬ ÔΩ™\V™ ºÂ´›Á>› >ÚDº√Vm,
ÂVD Â\m ÔıÔÁ·› ]≈Õm Ák›]ÚÕ>V_ - Â\m
Ô´∫ÔÁ·› #¬˛ÿB§Õm s¶V]ÚÕ>V_ - ÷>uz x[
®©º√VmD ÿ√u§´V> ŒÚ kVF©Á√ ÂVD ÔVıº√VD.

224
 ƒV›>VM[ ƒ‚¶∫Ôπ[√Ω
ÿƒB_√¶ ºkı¶VD (4:7, 8)
kƒ™D 5_, ""\ÆÂVπºÈ'' gºÈVƒÁ™ ƒ∫Ô›>VÏ
BVkÚD ®ÚƒºÈtºÈ Ì‚¶D ÌΩ™VÏÔ^ ®[Æ
Ì≈©√|˛≈m. ∂kÏÔÁ· (∂©º√V¸>ÈÏÔÁ·) Á\B›]_
WÆ›]Bº√Vm, ""¿∫Ô^ ®Õ> k_ÈÁ\l™VºÈ, ®Õ>
ÂV\›]™VºÈ ÷Á> ÿƒFyÏÔ^?'' (k. 7) ®[Æ sƒVˆ¬Ô›
ÿ>V¶∫˛™Ï. ∂Õ> ∂©º√V¸>ÈÏÔπ_ ŒÚk´VÔ
c∫ÔÁ·¬ Ôu√Á™ ÿƒFm ÿÔV^”∫Ô^. c∫ÔÁ·fl ∑u§
KD ŒÚ ∂Á´k‚¶ kΩs_ ®ø√›] ŒÚ WBVBV]√]Ô^30
÷Ú·VÏÕ> cÁ¶•¶–D, ®]Ï©AÏ°^· xÔ∫Ô”
¶–D ∂\ÏÕm^·™Ï. ÷kÏÔÁ·› >s´ \u≈kÏÔ”D
∂>uzfl ƒ\\V™ ®]Ï©AÏ°¶[ c^·™Ï.31 ŒÀÿkVÚ
A≈xD ¿]\[≈ ∂KkÈÏÔ^ c^·™Ï. ÷Às> sº´V>
cÏ°Ô^ BV°D zsÕm^· ÷¶›]_ J[Æ \M>ÏÔ^ä
¿∫Ô^, \uÿ≈VÚ ∂©º√V¸>ÈÏ \uÆD z\V¬Ô©√‚¶
\M>Ï32 ä ÷Ú¬˛SÏÔ^. ∂Õ> ∂Á≈ xøk]KD ‚AÏ
°^· ŒÚ xÔD ä Œº´ ŒÚ xÔDäÿ>[√|˛≈>V ®[Æ
√VϬ˛SÏÔ^ ä g™V_ ŒÚkÚD ÷_ÁÈ. ∏≈z ÷ºB∑Ák
\´›]uz› yÏ©∏‚¶mD ÷º> zø>V[ ®[√Á>
¿∫Ô^ WÁ™° ÌÆ˛SÏÔ^! ∂flÛµWÁÈ ∂©º√V¸>ÈÏ
Ô”¬z© √Bxı¶V¬zD√Ω¬ Ô¬˛¶©√‚ΩÚÕ>m.
ÂV[ WflƒB\VÔºk √BxÆ›>©√‚ΩÚÕ]Ú©º√[.
xÁ≈©√ΩBV™ Ì‚¶D ÿ>V¶∫zÁÔl_, ÷>uz
x[™V_ ®[™ ¶Õ]Ú¬˛≈m ®[Æ ]ÚD√¬ ÔV ÂD
cÏ°Ô^ ®øD. sƒV´ÁBV™m zu≈flƒV‚|ÔÁ·
xÁ≈©√ΩBVÔ© √Ω©√]_ ÿ>V¶∫˛lÚ¬Ô ºkı|D.
÷>uz \V≈VÔ, ÿ>πku≈ ŒÚ ºÔ^s•¶[ ÷m ÿ>V¶∫
˛uÆ: ""¿∫Ô^ ®Õ> k_ÈÁ\l™VºÈ, ®Õ> ÂV\›]™VºÈ,
÷Á>fl ÿƒFyÏÔ^ ®[Æ ºÔ‚¶VÏÔ^'' 33 ""÷Á>'' ®[√m
®Á>¬ z§¬˛[≈m: z©√|›m>ÁÈBV? ∏´ƒ∫˛›
>ÁÈBV? ∂_Èm ºkÆ ®Á>•\V? ∂©º√V¸>ÈÏÔÁ·©
∏Ω›m Ák©√>uz ∂Õ>© AÔµÿ√u≈ zøs™ˆ¶D
ƒ‚¶Z]BV™ ÔV´D ®m°D ÷_ÈV]ÚÕ>m (k. 21),

225
\uÆD º√mÚ°D ºBVkV–D >uÔV©√u≈ √]_ Œ[Á≈¬
ÿÔV|›>V_ ∂kÏÔÁ·› >ıΩ¬Ô ∂Á>ºB ÔV´\V¬
ÔÈVD ®[Æ ∂kÏÔ^ gkºÈV| ®]Ï√VÏ›>™Ï. ÷Às>
\V™ ÂÁ¶xÁ≈ÁB ÂVD ÷>uz x[ ®∫z ƒÕ]›m^
º·VD? ÷ºB∑s[ sƒV´Ál_! (Ÿ¬. 22:66ä71). º√mÚ
\uÆD ºBVkVM[ ""sƒV´Ál_'' ÂVD ∂º> xÔ∫ÔÁ·,
∂º> >©ÿ√ı›Á>, ∂º> \VF\VÈ›Á>, ∂º> kˆÁƒ
lÈV™ s™V°>ÁÈ ÂVD ÔVı˛º≈VD! R>› >ÁÈkÏÔ^,
∂©º√V¸>ÈÏÔÁ· ∂kÏÔ·m ÿƒ_kV¬˛oÚÕm ÷ø›m
s|k>uzfl ∑uÆ kaBVÔ ŒÚ ±oÁwBVkm >ÚkVÏÔ·V
®[Æ ÿÔfiE© √VÏ›>™Ï! (ˆflƒÏ‚ º´V¤ÏL[
∏´ƒ∫Ô›]oÚÕm >øk©√‚¶m.)
∂Õ>¬ ºÔ^s ÿ>πku≈>VF ÷ÚÕ>VKD, ∂m J[Æ
kKkV™ kÁÈÔ^ cÁ¶B>VF ÷ÚÕ>m. x>ÈVkm
∂kÏÔ^, ""¿∫Ô^ ®Õ> k_ÈÁ\l™VºÈ ... ÷Á>fl ÿƒFyÏ
Ô^?'' ®[Æ ºÔ‚¶™Ï. ""k_ÈÁ\'' ®[≈ kVÏ›Á> ""∂uA>∫
Ô^'' ®[Æ ÿ√VÚ^√|D ˛º´¬Ô kVÏd›Á>loÚÕm
ÿ\VaBV¬ÔD ÿƒFB©√‚¶>VzD, ÷m ""∂uA> k_ÈÁ\''
®[Æ ÿ\VaBV¬ÔD ÿƒFB©√¶ xΩ•D. º\Vºƒl[
∏´\V›][√Ω, \Õ]´kV>D ®[√m \´›]uºÔm
kV™ zu≈D gzD. ∂©º√V¸>ÈÏÔ^, >V∫Ô^ \Õ]´kV>D
ÿƒFk>VÔ¬ z§©∏‚ΩÚÕ>V_, ∂kÏÔÁ· \´›m¬
z^·V¬˛lÚ¬Ô xΩ•D.
∂|›m, gºÈVƒÁ™fl ƒ∫Ô›>VÏ, ""®Õ> ÂV\›]™VºÈ
÷Á>fl ÿƒFyÏÔ^?'' ®[Æ ºÔ‚¶™Ï. ""ÂV\D'' ®[√m
""∂]ÔV´D'' ®[≈ ÿ√VÚπ_ √B[√|›>©√‚|^·m.34
÷ºB∑ EKÁklÈÁ≈B©√|k>uzfl EÈ ÂV‚Ô^ x[™
>VÔ, ÷º> \M>ÏÔ^ ∂kˆ¶›]_ kÕm, ""¿Ï ®Õ> ∂]ÔV´›
]™V_ ÷ÁkÔÁ·fl ÿƒF˛SÏ? ÷Õ> ∂]ÔV´›Á> c\¬z¬
ÿÔV|›>kÏ BVÏ?'' ®[Æ ºÔ‚¶VÏÔ^ (\›. 21:33). ÷©
ÿ√Vøm ∂kÏÔ^ ∂º> ºÔ^sÁB ∂©º√V¸>ÈÏÔπ¶D
ºÔ‚¶™Ï. ÷ÀsÚ WÔµflEÔπKD, ∂kÏÔ^, ""ÂV∫Ô^>V[
∂]ÔV´›]_ c^·kÏÔ^. ¿∫Ô^ ∂]ÔV´D ÿ√u≈kÏÔ^
º√V_ ÿƒB_√¶ ®Àk·° Á>ˆBD c∫Ô”¬z!'' ®[Æ
\Á≈xÔ\VÔ¬ z§©∏‚¶™Ï. ∂©º√V¸>ÈÏÔ^, ƒ‚¶

226
Z]Bu≈ ∂]ÔV´ JÈ›Á> ®Á>ºB–D z§©∏|kVÏÔ^
®[Æ ∂kÏÔ^ gkK¶[ ®]Ï√VÏ›>VÏÔ^.
J[≈Vkm kÁÈ tÔ°D O‚√\V™mD, Û‚∑\
\V™m\VzD. ÷m g∫˛È›]_ \uÆD >tµ ÿ\VaBV¬Ô∫
Ôπ_ >k≈s¶©√‚ΩÚ¬Ô xΩ•D. JÈ kƒ™›]_,
""¿∫Ô^'' ®[≈ kVÏ›Á> ∂>uz ∂ø›>›Á>¬ ÔV‚|D
kÁÔl_ kV¬˛B›][ ÷Æ]l_ c^·m. ¿∫Ô^ ÷Õ>
kV¬˛B›Á> kVE¬zDº√Vm ""¿∫Ô^'' ®[≈ kVÏ›Á>
∂ø›>\VF¬ Ì≈©√¶ ºkı|D: ""¿∫Ô^ ®Õ> k_ÈÁ\l
™VºÈ, ®Õ> ÂV\›]™VºÈ, ÷Á>fl ÿƒFyÏÔ^?'' ºkÆ
kVÏ›Á>Ôπ_ ÿƒV_Kk>V™V_, ""®∫ÔÁ·© √VÚ∫Ô^,
∏≈z c∫ÔÁ·ºB √VÏ›m¬ ÿÔV^”∫Ô^. ®∫Ô”¬zD
®∫Ô^ ∂]ÔV´›]uzD ƒkV_ s|D kÁÔl_ c∫ÔÁ·©
√u§ ¿∫Ô^ ®[™ WÁ™›m¬ ÿÔVıΩÚ¬˛SÏÔ^?'' ®[Æ
∂kÏÔ^ ºÔ‚¶™Ï. ∂©º√V¸>ÈÏÔ^ ""√Ω©√§BV>kÏ
Ôÿ·[ÆD º√Á>Á\•^·kÏÔ^ ®[ÆD'' ∂kÏÔ^
ÔÚ]™Ï (k. 13). º√mÚÁk•D ºBVkVÁ™•D ∂kÏÔ^
s™°ÁÔl_ z´o_ ŒÚ ÷ÔµflE•Ï° ÷ÚÕ>m. ºÔ^s
Ô”D, ∂ÁkÔÁ· ∂kÏÔ^ ºÔ‚¶ s>xD ∂©º√V¸>ÈÏ
Ôπ[ ºÔV√›Á>› #ı|k>VÔ kΩkÁ\¬Ô©√‚ΩÚÕ>m.
∂]ÔVˆÔ^ ""ÿƒVuÔπ[ tz]BV_ √Vkt_ÈV\_
º√VÔVm'' (¿]. 10:19) ®[≈ ¿]ÿ\VaÁB WÁ™s_
Ák›m¬ ÿÔVı¶™Ï.
ƒV›>V[ c∫Ô”¬z¬ ÔΩ™\V™ ºÂ´›Á>¬ ÿÔV|¬zD
º√Vm, ∂k–Á¶B ƒ‚¶∫Ôπ[√Ω ¿∫Ô^ ÿƒB_√¶
ºkı|D ®[Æ ∂k[ sÚDA˛[≈V[. ∂kÁ™©
º√VȺk ¿∫Ô^ √]_ÿƒB_ ÿƒF•D√Ω ∂k[ sÚDA
˛[≈V[; ¿∫Ô^ yÁ\¬z› yÁ\ÁB› ]ÚD√fl ÿƒF•D√Ω
∂k[ sÚDA˛≈V[. ∂k–Á¶B ƒ‚¶∫Ôπ[√Ω
ÿƒB_√|k>uz ∂k[ c∫ÔÁ· c‚√|›]s‚¶V_,
∂k[ ∞uÔ™ºk √Õ>B›]_ ÿ¤l›m s‚¶V[!
ÂV[ ∂∫z W[§ÚÕ>V_, ®™m cÏ°Ô^ Ô|Á\
BVÔ› >Vd¬Ô©√‚|, ÔVB©√‚ΩÚ¬zD. ∂ºÂÔ\VÔ ÂV[
gºÈVƒÁ™fl ƒ∫Ô›>Vˆ[ ÁÔ©√VÁkBV˛, ®™m z´o_
ºÔV√D ®˛§lÚ¬zD. gl–D, º√mÚ ®©√Ω© √]Èπ›

227
>VÏ ®[Æ ÔkM•∫Ô^: ∂©ÿ√Vøm º√mÚ .... ""¤™›][
∂]ÔVˆÔº·, J©√ÏÔº·'' (k. 8; NIV). ""¤™›][ ∂]ÔVˆ
Ôº·, J©√ÏÔº·'' ®[√m ∂¬Ì‚¶›Á> \ˆBVÁ>•¶[
∂Áw¬zD s>\VlÚÕ>m. ∂m ∞≈¬zÁ≈B ""\ˆBVÁ>¬
zˆB >ÁÈkÏÔº· \uÆD Â\m ÂV‚Ω[ J©√ÏÔº·'' ®[Æ
Kenneth N. Taylor ÌÆD ÿ√Va©AÁ´¬z Œ©√V™>VzD.
º√mÚ >\m >uÔV©A kV>›Á>› ÿ>V¶∫zÁÔl_,
√ˆ°¶[, √ıA¶[ ÷ÚÕ>VÏ! ""gsl[ √‚¶B\V™m
c©Á√› #kV\ºÈºB º√V]B ∂·° gw\VÔ© √V•D''
®[Æ Jimmy Allen ̧™VÏ. \u≈kÏÔπ¶D ÂVD
®©ÿ√VømD Âu√ıA¶[ ÷Ú¬Ô ºkı|D ä ÷m ∂kÏÔ^
∂©√ΩlÚ¬Ô ºkı|D ®[√>uÔVÔ ∂_ÈV\_, ÂVD
∂©√Ω ÷Ú¬Ô ºkı|D ®[√>uÔVÔºk!
∂|›> xÁ≈ ƒV›>V[ c∫Ô”¬z¬ ÔΩ™\V™
ºÂ´›Á>¬ ÿÔV|¬zDº√Vm, ∂ºÂÔ\VÔ ¿∫Ô^ c∫Ô^
®]´VπÁB© º√V[º≈ ÿ√ÚÕ>[Á\BuÆD, ÿkÆ©A
WÁ≈ÕmD ÷Ú¬zD√Ω ºƒV]¬Ô©√¶ÈVD. ÷Ú©∏–D,
÷ºB∑ \Æ Ô[™›Á>•D ]Ú©∏¬ ÔV‚|D√Ω ̧™VÏ
(\›. 5:39). ƒV›>V[ >[–Á¶B ƒ‚¶∫Ôπ[√Ω ÿƒB_
√|k>uÔVÔ c∫ÔÁ· kfiE¬ÔV>√Ω¬ Ôk™\VlÚ∫Ô^!

xΩ°Á´
Â\m ∂|›> √V¶›]_, ""ƒV›>V[ c∫Ô”¬z¬ ÔΩ™
\V™ ºÂ´›Á>› >ÚDº√Vm'' ®[√Á>› ÿ>V¶ÏÕm √Ω¬Ô
ÈVD. gl–D, ŒÚÔD ÂVD ŒÀÿkVÚkÚD ÂDÁ\ºB
∑B√ˆºƒV>Á™ ÿƒFmÿÔV^· W>VM©º√VD: ""ƒV›>V[
®©º√V>Vkm ®™¬z¬ ÔΩ™\V™ ºÂ´›Á>¬ ÿÔV|›]Ú¬
˛≈V™V? ∂©√ΩlÚÕ>V_ ÂV[ ®Às>D ÿƒB_ AˆÕº>[?
ÂV[ ŒÚ ˛§¸>kÁ™© º√VÈfl ÿƒB_√‚º¶™V ∂_Èm
ÂV[ ƒV›>VÁ™© º√VÈfl ÿƒB_√‚º¶™V?'' ÷>uz
c∫Ô^ √]_ ®mkVÔ ÷Ú©∏–D, ∂|›>xÁ≈ c∫ÔÁ·fl
ƒV›>V[ c√›]´k©√|›mDº√Vm º>k–Á¶B c>s•
¶[ ÷Ú©√kÏÔ·VF ¿∫Ô^ ÿƒBÈVu≈ ºkı|ÿ\[Æ
yÏ\V™D ÿƒF•∫Ô^.

228
 y ∏´ƒ∫Ô¬ z§©AÔ^ z
ˆflƒÏ‚ º´V¤Ï¸ ∂kÏÔ^ 4:1ä31_, ""x>_ ®]Ï©A''
®[≈ ŒÚ ∏´ƒ∫Ô›Á>› >BVÏ ÿƒFm^·VÏ. ∂]_ ÂV[z
x¬˛B¬ ÔÚ›m¬Ô^ c^·™: ®]Ï©A ÿkπ©√|›>©
√‚¶m (4:1ä7), ®]Ï©A ƒÕ]¬Ô©√‚¶m (4:8ä12), ®]Ï©A
ƒ\©√|›>©√‚¶m (4:13ä22), ®]Ï©A zÁ≈¬Ô©√‚¶m
(4:23ä31).

z§©AÔ^
1
÷ºB∑s[ EKÁk \´›]™V_ ∂k[ Ô‚|©√|›>©√‚|^·V[
(ÿkπ. 12:11). ∂kº™V ∂_Èm ∂k–Á¶B gsÔº·V A]B ∞u√V|
®ø>©√‚¶ ÔVÈ›]_ ÿƒF>mº√VÈ \¬ÔÁ· ∂kÏÔπ[ sÚ©√›]u
ÿÔ]´VÔ g‚ÿÔV^· xΩBVm, g™V_ ÷m ∂k[ ÿƒBÈu§Ú¬˛≈V[
®[º≈V ∂_Èm √È\uÆ ÷Ú¬˛≈V[ ®[º≈V ÿ√VÚ^√¶Vm.
2
º\EBVÁk©√u§B ƒ∫ˇ>\V˛B, ƒ∫ˇ>D 2, ÿkπ. 12:5_ ∂kÁ´ s·¬˛¬
Ì≈© √B[√|›>©√|k>[ JÈD ÷Á> ÂVD ∂§˛[º≈VD. 3¶√ΩÔ^
±o_ ƒV›>VÁ™©√u§B EÈ z§©AÔ”¬z, 5:3; 13:10; 26:18
g˛BÁkÔÁ·¬ ÔV°D. 4÷ºB∑s[ ÂV\›]uzˆB x¬˛B›mk›Á>¬
ÔkM•∫Ô^ ä Â\m Ô¶Õ> √V¶›]_ c^· x¬˛B›mkD ÷Õ>©
√V¶›]KD ÿ>V¶ÚD. 5kƒ™D 3_ c^· ÿƒVuÿ≈V¶Á´ ÷Ú√>VD
±u≈VıΩ[ A]B ∞u√V| ÷Às>\VF¬ z§©∏|˛≈m, A‘¸ ∂kÏÔ^
>\m s·¬Ô°Á´ ÿ\Vaÿ√BÏ©∏_ ÷Às>º\ ÿƒF]Ú¬˛≈VÏ (F.F. A‘¸,
¶√ΩÔ^ ±_, A]B ∞u√V‚ΩuÔV™ cÈÔ·VsB A]B s·¬Ô°Á´, rev.
ed. [˛´V[‚ º´©∏‚, tfl.: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1989] 89). 6A]B
∞u√V| ®ø>©√‚¶ ÔVÈ›]_ gƒVˆB ªaB›Á> WÁ≈ºku≈, ®_ÈVÚD
Œº´ ºÂ´›]_ º>Ák©√¶V> ∂·°¬z ∞´V·\V™ gƒVˆBÏÔ^
÷ÚÕ>™Ï. ∂kÏÔ^ ÷Ú√›mÂV[z ÿ>Vz]Ô·VÔ© ∏ˆ¬Ô©√‚|,
ŒÀÿkVÚ ÿ>Vz]•D ŒÚ kV´ ÔVÈD gÈB›]_ √Ë AˆÕ>™Ï (Ÿ¬.
1:8n¬ ÔkM•∫Ô^). ÿ>V¶Ï √Ë ∂π©√>uÔVÔ, EÈ gƒVˆBÏÔ^ gÈB
ªaB›Á>¬ ÔıÔVË©Afl ÿƒFB WBt¬Ô©√‚¶™Ï. ÷Õ> gƒVˆBÏÔ^
""ƒV>V´'' gƒVˆBÏÔÁ·¬ ÔV‚ΩKD ∂]Ô ∂]ÔV´D cÁ¶BkÏÔ·VF
÷ÚÕ>™Ï; ÷Às>\VF ∂kÏÔ^ ""∏´>V™ gƒVˆBÏÔ^'' ®[Æ
∂§B©√‚¶™Ï. ÷Õ> WB\∫Ôπ_ ∂´EBo[ >ÁÈX| ÷ÚÕ>m.
7
º>kVÈBD Ô‚¶ >VTm >BVˆ©AÔ^ ÿƒF>º√Vm, EÈ ºÈsBÏÔÁ·
""kVƒ_ ÔV¬˛≈kÏÔ·VÔ'' (1 ÂV·V. 26:1ä19) ∂kÏ WBt›>VÏ. ÷m ∂kÏÔ^
ÿkÆ\º™ Ô>°ÔÁ·› ]≈Õm, JΩ¬ ÿÔVıΩÚÕ>™Ï ®[Æ
ÿ√VÚ^√¶Vm. \V≈VÔ, ∂kÏÔ^ º>kVÈB›Á>¬ ""ÔVk_'' ÿƒFB

229
ºkıΩlÚÕ>m; ∂kÏÔ^ ŒÚ ∂Á\]BV™ \uÆD √B√¬]BV™
ÛµWÁÈÁB© √´V\ˆ¬Ô ºkıΩlÚÕ>m. ""ºƒÁ™› >ÁÈk['' ®[√kÏ
÷Õ> ""kVƒ_ ÔV¬˛≈kÏÔπ['' >ÁÈk´VlÚÕ>VÏ. √Ô_ ºÂ´›]_
Œø∫ÁÔ© √´V\ˆ©√mD, ÷´° ºÂ´¬ ÔVkK¬ÔVÔ ŒÀÿkVÚ kVƒoKD
ÔVkÈÏÔÁ· WBt©√mD ÷k´m √ËBVÔ ÷ÚÕ>m. Ÿ¬. 22:4, 52
""º>kVÈB›mfl ºƒÁ™› >ÁÈkÏÔ^ [√[Á\]'' ®[Æ ÌÆ˛[≈™ (KJV;
Ÿ¬. 22:4, 52_ c^· ˛º´¬Ô kVÏ›Á>•D ∂©. 4:1_ c^· ˛º´¬Ô
kVÏ›Á>•D Œº´ \V]ˆBV™Ák). ÷m ∂kÏÔ^ √ËxÁ≈ \Vu≈›][√Ω
º>kVÈB›][ \u≈ √ËÔÁ·© º√VȺk ∂Kk_ AˆÕ>Á>¬
ÔV‚|˛[≈m. ÷∫zD, ÷ÕWB\™∫Ôπ_ ∂´EB_ >ÁÈX| ÷ÚÕ>m.
º>kVÈB\V™m ∂´EB_ ªwo[ x¬˛B¬ Ô·\VluÆ. 8√ˆºƒBÏÔ·_È,
ƒmºƒBÏÔº· Ê≠ÏÔÁ· ®]Ï©√]_ x>[Á\BVF W[≈™Ï ®[√Á>¬
ÔV sB©√V•^·m. ƒmºƒBº´V| ∂_È \V≈VÔ √ˆºƒBº´V|>V[
÷ºB∑ ∂ºÂÔ kaÔπ_ x´ı√‚¶VÏ. ÷Ú©∏–D, ∂©º√V¸>ÈÏ
Ô”Á¶B g´D√ ÔVÈ© ∏´ƒ∫Ô∫Ô^ clÏ›ÿ>ø>ÁÈ Á\B\VÔ¬
ÿÔVıΩÚÕ>m ä √ˆºƒBÏÔ^ \ˆ›º>Vˆ[ clÏ›ÿ>ø>ÁÈ ÂD∏™Ï,
g™V_ ∂Á> ƒmºƒBÏÔ^ ÂD√s_ÁÈBV>ÈV_ (23:6ä8) ä ƒmºƒBÏÔ^
∂]Ô\VÔ ÷¶≈ÈÁ¶Õ>™Ï ®[√m ÷B_º√. 9÷ºB∑Ák© º√VȺk ∂º>
√BxÆ›>_ ÷kÏÔ·VKD ®øÕ>m (ºBVkV. 11:45ä53). 10∂©º√V¸>ÈÏÔ^
÷ºB∑s[ ÿƒVÕ> clÏ›ÿ>ø>ÁÈ©√u§© º√EBº√Vm, ∂kÏÔπ[
kVÏ›Á>Ô^ >M Â√Ú¬zˆB>VÔ°D, z§©∏‚¶>VÔ°D ÷ÚÕ>m:
""∂kÁ´ º>k[ \ˆ›º>VˆoÚÕÿ>ø©∏™VÏ'' (3:15). >MÂ√Ú¬zˆB>u≈,
ÿ√VmkV™ kVÏ›Á>Ô·V™ ""\ˆ›º>VˆoÚÕm clÏ›ÿ>ø>_'' ®[≈
kVÏ›Á>Ô^ √È s·¬Ô°Á´BV·ÏÔ^ \uÆD ÿ\Vaÿ√BÏ©√V·Ï
ÔÁ·© ∏[kÚ\VÆ xΩÿk|¬Ôfl ÿƒF>m: ∂©º√V¸>ÈÏÔ^ ÷ºB∑s[
ƒZ´ clÏ›ÿ>ø>o_ ÷ÚÕm, ÂÔÏÕm, ÿ√VmkV™ ƒZ´ clÏ›ÿ>ø>_
√u§ ∏´ƒ∫˛›>™Ï (1 ÿÔVˆ. 15:20ä29). A]B ±u≈Vı| kƒ™›]_,
""÷ºB∑s[ k_ÈÁ\BV_ \¬Ô^ \´›]oÚÕm ®ø©√©√|kVÏÔ^
®[Æ ∂kÏÔ^ ∏´ƒ∫˛›m¬ ÿÔVıΩÚÕ>™Ï'' ®[Æ^·m. C.H. Rieu
∂kÏÔπ[ ¶√ΩÔπ[ ÿ\Vaÿ√BÏ©∏_, ""÷ºB∑s[ WÔµflEÁB
º\uºÔV^ ÔV‚Ω \ˆ›º>Vˆ[ clÏ›ÿ>ø>_√u§B º√V>Á™ÁB
W‘∏¬Ô xBuE ÿƒF>™Ï'' ®[Æ^·m.
11
÷ºB∑ \´\Á¶k>uzfl EÈ ÂV‚Ô”¬z x[A, ∂kÏÔ^ ∂kˆ¶D
÷›>ÁÈ©A√u§ ®]Ï skV>D ÿƒF]ÚÕ>™Ï (\›. 22:23ä33). 12∂ÿ\ˆ¬Ô
n¬˛B ÂV‚Ω_ ""ºk>VÔ\ k‚¶›m¬z^'' ÷Ú©√kÏÔ^ ŒÚ Ì‚|¬
z^·V™ kVµs_ ÷Ú¬˛[º≈VD. º>k–Á¶B kVÏ›Á> ÷Ôw©√‚¶m
®[Æ EÈÏ ºÔ^s©√‚¶m ̶ ÷_ÁÈ. gl–D cÈÔ xøkm\V™
s]¬z ÷m ŒÚ s]sȬÔVÔºk c^·m. 13÷m º>kVÈB© √z]l_ c^·
ŒÚ ∂Á≈BVÔ ÷Ú©√>uzfl ƒV›]B¬ ÌÆı|. 14º√mÚs[ ∏´ƒ∫ÔD
\VÁÈ 3.00 \ËB·s_ ÿ>V¶∫˛, ƒVB∫ÔVÈ ºÂ´›]_ (∂ºÂÔ\VÔ 6.00
\Ë) ÷Á¶\§¬Ô©√‚¶m. ¶√ΩÔπ_ ∏´ƒ∫Ô∫ÔÁ· Ÿ¬ÔV ∑Ú¬Ô¬
z§©AÔ·VÔ¬ ÿÔV|›m^·VÏ ®[√>uz ÷m ÷[ÿ™VÚ g>V´\VzD.
15
®º´tBV 21:12_ ""ŒÀÿkVÚ ÔVÁÈ ºkÁ·lKD'' WBVBD sƒVˆ›>_
¶›>©√¶ ºkı|D ®[Æ Ì≈©√|˛≈m. kVµkV ƒVkV ®[≈

230
∏´flƒÁ™Ô^ ÷´° ºÂ´›]_ sƒVˆ¬Ô©√¶¬ ̶Vm ®[Æ R>ÏÔ^ ŒÚ
Œø∫z xÁ≈ Ák›]ÚÕ>™Ï ä ÷ÀÿkVø∫z xÁ≈ ÷ºB∑s[
s≠B›]_ Œm¬˛›>^·©√‚¶m (÷ÀÿkVø∫z xÁ≈ÁB ∂kÏÔ^
>∫Ô^ ºÂV¬Ô›]uºÔu≈kVÆ ÷Ú¬zDº√Vm \‚|º\ √B[√|›]¬
ÿÔVı¶™Ï). 16""Ô´∫ÔÁ·› #¬˛ÿB§Õm s|>_'' ®[√m ""ÿkπºB≈›
>BV´Vz>_'' ®[Æ ÿ√VÚ^√|D. 17""s∑kVƒD'' ®[√m √´Õ> ÿ√VÚπ_
√B[√|›>©√|Dº√Vm ""ˇµ©√Ω>_'' ®[√>uz \Vu≈VÔ© √B[√|›>©
√¶ xΩ•D. ®|›m¬ÔV‚¶VÔ, ºBVkV[ 3:36_, ""z\V´M¶›]_ s∑kVƒ
\VlÚ¬˛≈k[ W›]B ˝kÁ™ cÁ¶Bk™VlÚ¬˛≈V[; z\V´–¬z¬
ˇµ©√ΩBV>kº™V (÷m >tµ ÿ\Va©ÿ√BÏ©∏_: "z\V´Á™ s∑kVE
BV>kº™V' ®[Æ^·m) ˝kÁ™¬ ÔVı√]_ÁÈ, º>k–Á¶B ºÔV√D
∂k[ º\_ WÁÈ WuzD'' ®[Æ^·m. ÷Às¶›]_ KJVl_ ∑‚Ω¬
ÔV‚¶©√¶V> º√V]KD, ÷Ú \VÆ√‚¶ ˛º´¬Ô kVÏ›Á>Ô^
√B[√|›>©√‚|^·™. 18ÂV[ ÷ÁkÔÁ· ""÷Á©A \™\Vu≈∫Ô^''
®[Æ ∂Áw¬˛[º≈[. ÷Á>¬ z§›m© ∏≈z ÂV[ ∂]Ô\VF¬ Ìƺk[.
19
÷©√V¶›Á>©√u§B ∑Ú¬Ô¬ z§©√V™ kƒ™∫Ôº· Â\¬z^·m,
º√mÚ ∂kÏÔπ¶D, QV™¸ÂV™D ÿ√uƬÿÔV^”D√Ω¬ ̧lÚ¬Ô
kVF©Aı|, g™V_ ∏´ƒ∫Ô© √]s[√Ω ∂kÏ ∂Á>¬ Ì≈s_ÁÈ
®[≈V˛≈m. 20ºkÆ kVÏ›Á>Ôπ_, anthropos ®[√m ""\M> ÷™›Á>'' ¬
z§¬zD.
21
º√mÚs[ x>_ ∏´ƒ∫Ô›][ sÁ·kVÔ JkVl´D º√ÚD,
÷´ı¶Vkm ∏´ƒ∫Ô›][ sÁ·kVÔ ÷´ı¶Vl´D º√ÚD ÷ÁÕ>™Ï
®[Æ ÂV[ ÌÆk]_ÁÈ. 2:41_ Ì≈©√‚¶ JkVl´D º√ˆ_ gıÔ”D,
ÿ√ıÔ”D ÷ÚÕ>™Ï, ÷Às¶›]_ gıÔ^ \‚|º\ nBVl´D º√Ï
÷ÚÕ>™Ï, gÔ Ì|>_ \‚|º\ ÷´ı¶Vl´›]uzfl ƒuÆ ∂]Ô\V
lÚÕ]Ú¬Ô ºkı|D. º√mÚs[ √]° ÿƒFB©√‚¶ ÷´ı¶Vkm
∏´ƒ∫Ô›][ sÁ·kVÔ ®›>Á™ º√Ï QV™¸ÂV™D ÿ√u≈™Ï ®[Æ
cÆ]BVÔ› m_oB\VÔ¬ Ì≈ kaºBmD ÷_ÁÈ ä g™V_, R>› >ÁÈkÏ
Ô”Á¶B ®]Ï©AÔ^ ÷ÚÕ>º√V]KD, ]´·V™ \¬Ô^ ˛§¸>kÏÔ·Vz
\·°¬z º√mÚs[ ∏´ƒ∫ÔD k_ÈÁ\•^·>VlÚÕ>m ®[√º>
Ÿ¬ÔVs[ Ìu§[√Ω cÆ]BV™>VzD. ÷›m¶[ ÂVD ]Ú©]BÁ¶B
ºkıΩBm >V[. 22÷ÕÂV‚Ôπ_ ∂ºÂÔ ƒÁ√Ôπ_ gıÔÁ·s¶©
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ä 20,000 ®™ ÷Ú¬ÔÈVD ®[Æ WÁ™¬zD√Ω ÂVD #ı¶©√¶ÈVD.
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gl´¬Ô¬ÔV™ kÚ¶∫Ô^ gluÆ. ÔkÏ ˛§¸>k´Vzx[ ∂kÏ
\Á™s ˛§¸>k´VlÚ¬Ô kVF©∏_ÁÈ. ÔVÈ∫Ô·V™º√Vm ÷m \V§uÆ
(1 º√m. 3:1, 2). 23""ºk>√V´ÔÏÔ^'' ®[√>uz NIVl_ ""WBVB©∏´\V
º√V>ÔÏÔ^'' ®[Æ^·m. 244:15_ ""gºÈVƒÁ™ ƒ∫ÔD'' ®[≈ kVÏ›Á>
Sunedrion ®[≈ ˛º´¬Ô kVÏ›Á>loÚÕm ÿ\VaBV¬ÔD ÿƒFB©
√‚|^·m; NIV l_ ÷ÀkVÏ›Á> “Sanhedrin” ®[≈ ÿ\VaBV¬ÔD
ÿƒFB©√‚|^·m. ÿƒVuÿ√VÚ·Ô´V]l_ “Sanhedrin” - ƒ™ÿ>Z[ ®[≈
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ÂV‚Ω_ ÷º> WÁÈ>V[ c^·mäÿ\VaBV¬zÂÏ.) 26÷m √>sl_
÷_ÈV\oÚÕ>VKD ŒÚkÁ´ ""¤™V]√]'' ®[≈Áw©√Á>© º√V[≈m
∂_Èm ŒÚ ÷´Vbk ∂]ÔVˆ {F° ÿ√u≈ ∏[™ÚD ∂kÁ´ ∂k´m
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\Ô™V˛B ÷Õ> ºBV™›>V[ ∏[™Vπ_ ∏´>V™ gƒVˆB´VÔ ªaBD
ÿƒF>VÏ. 29∂©º√V¸>ÈÏÔπ[ ÔVÈ›]_, R>ÏÔπ[ gƒVˆB›mk
∂Á\©A xøkmD ªw_Ôπ™V_ E¬ÔÈV¬Ô©√‚ΩÚÕ>m.
WBVB©∏´\V ∂∫˛ÔV´›][√Ω ∏´>V™ gƒVˆBÁ´ WBt©
√>uz© √]ÈVÔ, ∂©√>sBV™m √È›][ ∂Ω©√Á¶l_ ÁÔ©√u≈©
√‚¶m; ∏´>V™ gƒVˆBÏÔ^ kÕm º√Vl™Ï. gl–D ̶,
∂|›>|›m kÕ> ∏´>V™ gƒVˆBÏÔ^ BVkÚD ŒÚ EÈ z|D√∫
Ô”¬z^ ÷ÚÕº> kÕ>™Ï. √ÈD kVFÕ> \uÆD ÿƒ_kV¬z^· ÷Õ>¬
z|D√∫Ôº· ""∏´>V™ gƒVˆBÚÁ¶B z|D√›>VÏ'' ®[™©√‚¶™Ï.
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Ô”D, ∂kÏÔ”¶[ ̶ ∏´>V™ gƒVˆBÚD ÷ÚÕ>™Ï.
31
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WÁ™s_ Ák•∫Ô^. ∂›m¶[, WBVBV]√]ÔÁ·fl ∑u§KD
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sƒV´Á™l[º√Vm ∂k[ √ÈkÕ>\VÔ c^º· OÁwÕ]Ú¬ÔÈVD.
®Õ> s·¬ÔxD xø ]Ú©]Bπ©√]_ÁÈ, ÷Á> Â\¬zfl ÿƒV_Kkm
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... ÷ºB∑Ák x[M‚| \ˆ›º>VˆoÚÕm clÏ›ÿ>ø>ÁÈ©
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34
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232