HA TR LIU

THI LNG: 2 TN CH
2 BI KIM TRA NH K
1 BI THI HT MN
Thuc khng virut
Thuc khng ung th
Thuc chng lao
Cc Quinolon
THUC KHNG
VIRUS
NI DUNG
I CNG
CC THUC CHNG VIRUS
I CNG
Cc loi virus gy bnh
Cu to ca virus
Nui cy virus
Chu trnh pht trin ca virus
Phn loi virus
i cng v virus
Cc loi virus gy bnh
Nm 1886, pht hin ra virus u ma.
Nm 1890, Yvanovssy v Beigerninck pht hin
ra virus khm thuc l.
Ngnh virus hc pht trin
Virus l nhng vi sinh vt nh nht, kch thc
0,2m, phi quan st bng knh hin vi in t
(tr virus u ma-0,25m).
Cc virus khng c ATP c th t nhn ln
phi k sinh trong t bo sng, nh vo
chuyn ha ca t bo ch pht trin v ch
k sinh trong cc t bo ch thch nghi.
Cu to ca virus
2 thnh phn chnh
- Li acid nucleic: hoc l ADN hoc ARN, vt liu mang
tnh cht di truyn
- V capsid: to thnh bi nhiu n v protein, bo v li
acid nucleic.
Mt s virus c mng bc lipid bn ngoi v capsid.
Mt s virus c thm phn glucoprotein bn ngoi mng
bc, biu th nh nhng gai nh gip virus bm vo t bo
ch

Nui cy virus
Ch c th bo tn v nhn ln trong t bo ch
sng: vi khun, nm, cy ci, ng vt
S dng t bo ngi, t bo kh
Sau khi nhn ln, virus gii phng ra ngoi mi
trng tinh ch, c c tnh cht l ha,
hnh thi, iu ch vaccin
Cc yu t bt hot virus
Cc cht ha hc
- Dung mi lipid
- Phenol
- Formaldehyd
- Cn 700, 900, dung dch Iodoform
- nh sng
Yu t vt l: Nhit
Chu trnh pht trin ca virus
5 giai on
- Xm nhp
- Ph hy mng capsid
- To thnh virus
- Lp rp virus mi
- Gii phng virus mi

Giai on xm nhp
- Virus gn vo mng t bo.
- Virus xm nhp vo trong bo tng t bo.

Ph hu mng capsid
- S dng enzym ca t bo hoc enzym c
trong virus
- Qu trnh ph v mng capsid thnh t bo
hoc trong bo tng t bo gii phng
genom virus vo t bo ch.

Giai on to thnh virus
- Thi k u: acid nucleic ca virus phn tn
kt hp vi acid nucleic t bo.
- Thi k tch hp: acid nucleic v protein virus
thc hin trong nhn hoc bo tng t bo.

Giai on lp rp cc virus mi
- T s lng acid nucleic virus lp rp
vi protein cu trc tr thnh virion - qu trnh
to capsid.
- C loi virus cn c hon chnh bng mng
bc nh mng t bo ch chun b sn.

Gii phng virus mi
Virus xuyn qua mng t bo ch v ra ngoi
Phn loi virus
ADN Virus

Virus Bnh Vaccin
Herpes simplex typ
1
(HSV
1
) St phng da C
Herpes simplex typ
2
(HSV
2
) Herpes sinh dc C
Herpes zoster(varicella) Thy u
Adenovirus ngi
Cc triu chng ng h hp trn
Khng
Varila u ma C (hiu qu)
Virus hepatitis (HBV) Vim gan cp-mn C
ARN Virus

Virus Bnh Vaccin
Enterovirus Bi lit C (sng v cht)
Rhinovirus Cm lnh Khng
Alphavirus Vim no C
Flavivirus St vng C
Rubivirus Si Rubella C
Virus di Di C (hiu qu)
Parainfluenzavirus Vim ng h hp cp Khng
Morbilivirrus Si measles C
Pneumovirus Vim ng h hp cp tr em C
Cc virus cm Cm, vim ng h hp cp typ A, B, D C
Oncomavirus Bch cu t bo T ngi Khng
HIV Bnh AIDS v cc bnh phc hp c lin quan
AIDS
Khng
Hepatitis A Vim gan cp Khng
Deltavirus Vim gan cp Khng
PHNG V IU TR
BNH DO VIRUS
Khng sinh hu nh khng c tc dng i vi
cc virus.
Phng chng virus hiu qu nht l: s dng
vaccin.
Cc vaccin sn xut c: bi lit, vaccin
bnh di, vaccin chng li bnh vim no, bnh
si, bnh st phng da, bnh herpes sinh dc,
nht l bnh u ma, gn y c thm vaccin
phng chng vim gan.
Cn nhiu bnh do virus gy nn cha c
vaccin hu hiu
Nghin cu sn xut cc loi vaccin, con
ngi vn phi tm kim cc loi thuc iu
tr bnh do virus
c mt s thuc iu tr cc bnh cm,
bnh do Herpes virus v c bnh AIDS v
bnh vim gan B.

CC THUC
CHNG VIRUS
CC THUC CHNG VIRUS
Thuc chng HIV/AIDS
Thuc phng v iu tr cm cm
Thuc chng Herpes virus
Thuc chng virus gy vim gan B
HA TR LIU VIRUT
Thuc trong nhm ny c hb n l mt vi
qu trnh virut nhng khng hin din vt
ch.
Thuc th h u, c tnh cao, ph TD hp

Thuc ngn cn virut gn vo TB vt ch, thm nhp
hoc ci o
Thuc c ch enzym virut, nh polymerase AND v
cc cht khc
Thuc c ch s phin m
Thuc c ch s dch m
Thuc cn tr cc protein iu chnh ca virut
Thuc c tr glycosyl, phosphoryl, sulfat ha
Thuc cn tr lp rp ca protein virut
Thuc c ch s gii phng virut khi b mt t bo

THUC CHNG HIV/AIDS
Thuc chng HIV/AIDS
i cng v HIV/AIDS
Cu to ca HIV
Cc ng ly truyn chnh
Cc thuc chng HIV/AIDS

i cng v HIV/AIDS
AIDS: Hi chng suy gim min dch mc phi (Acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome) do virus HIV gy ra (Human
immunodeficiency virus)
c pht hin nm 1981. Ly lan rt nhanh. Nm 2000 c
khong 36 tr., nm 2005 khong 100 tr. ngi nhim.
Vit nam: Nm 1990 pht hin. Nm 2002 c khng 46
nghn, nm 2008 c khong 300 nghn ngi nhim.
Thi gian bnh:10-12 nm (15 nm)
Giai on cui: Mt min dch, suy kit, bi
nhim v t vong.
Biu hin r nht: l lot ton thn
Ngoi tc ng xu ca virus HIV, bnh nhn
cn rt d nhim nhiu loi vi khun v virus
khc gy nn tnh trng bnh cng phc tp
(ARC: AIDS related complex).
Cu to ca HIV
Mt loi Retrovirus thuc nhm ARN virus
2 phn
- Phn v: mng lipid kp c glycoprotein c
hiu v mt protein P17 bao bc mt trong
- Phn nhn: Protein nhn P24 bao quanh 2 bn
sao chui n ARN v bn sao ca enzym
phin m ngc
Khi vo t bo ch, nh enzym phin m ngc
(RT) bin i ARN thnh ADN v ha nhp
vo b gen ca t bo ch

Tnh khng nguyn d thay i phn ng bo
v ca c th v sn xut vaccin phng bnh kh
khn
Phn loi: 2 typ (HIV
1
v HIV
2
)
- HIV
1
: ph bin hn, HIV
2
: khu tr
- Lp capsid: HIV
1
-p17, HIV
2
-p18
- Thi gian bnh: HIV
2
di hn
- Kh nng ly nhim: HIV
1
cao hn HIV
2



Cc ng ly truyn chnh
Gim s nhn ln ca HIV
Phc hi min dch
Ngn nga s tin trin ca bnh
Ci thin cht lng cuc sng
Ko di thi gian sng ca bnh nhn

Mc ch iu tr
Nguyn tc iu tr
ARV: 1 trong cc bin php chm sc & h tr v y t,
tm l v x hi cho ngi nhim HIV

Phi dng thuc ARV sut i v vn phi p dng cc
bin php d phng ly nhim HIV

Hn ch ADR trc mt v lu di

Phc iu tr c t nht 3 thuc

Phi lun m bo nng thuc iu tr

Tc dng ca thuc ln cc giai on
trong chu k nhn ln ca virrus
c ch c nh: c ch s thm nhp ca virus vo TB, c ch
s tan chy mng virus v mng TB ch.
c ch enzym sao m ngc
c ch enzym ho ng, ngn cn ho ng h gen virus vi h
gen TB ch
c ch s to thnh cu trc tin virus (c ch enzym
protease).
c ch lp ghp ARN virus vi cc mnh protein to thnh
virus mi.
gp120
extracellular virion
RT
RT
structural proteins
gp120, p24, p18, etc
regulatory proteins
Tat, nef, rev, etc
REGULATION
vRNA
A
s
s
e
m
b
l
y
nucleocapsid
Cytoplasm
virion
genomic
RNA
cDNA-RNA
complex
double-
stranded
unintergrated
DNA
RNase
H
host
chromosome
provirus
Nucleus
immune-based
therapy
Budding
Release
protease
inhibitors
Maturation
HIV particle
Attachment
Penetration
&
Uncoating
CD4-based
therapy
Reverse
Transcriptase
didanosine, stavudine
zidovudine, zalcitabine
non-nucleoside RT inhibitors
Intergration
viral
mRNA
Transcription
Translation
TAT antagonists
CD4
RECEPTOR
Cc dn cht nucleosid
C ch tng hp acid nucleic ca virus:

- Tng hp t cc nucleosid (gm mt base hu
c thng l d vng pyrimidin hoc purin gn
vi mt ng Ribose hoc Deoxyribose)
- v tr 3 ca phn ng c nhm -OH t do
thc hin phn ng phosphoryl ha nhm
ko di chui trong phn t acid nhn
Cc thuc c ch enzym phin m ngc: cu trc
tng t cc nucleosid (khng c nhm OH v
tr s 3 ca phn ng)
tranh chp, chim ch ca cc nucleosid qu
trnh tng hp acid nhn ca virus ngng li
C ch tc dng ca thuc
Nucleosid tht
1(2-deoxy -|-D ribofuranosyl)
5-methyluracil
Nucleosid gi

Azidothymidin

Nucleosid tht Nucleosid gi
9 -|-D ribofuranosyl
hypoxanthine

2,3 dideoxyinosin
DDI

Nucleosid tht Nucleosid gi
CYTIDIN
4-amino-1 -|-D ribofuranosyl
2-(1H) pyrimidinone

ZALCITABIN
(2,3 dideoxycytidin
DDC

ZIDOVUDIN (AZT)
Tn khc: Azidothymidin
BD: Apo-Zidovudin; Novo-AZT; Retrovir




C
10
H
13
N
5
O
4
Ptl: 267,2
Tn khoa hc: 1-(3-azido-2,3-dideoxy-|-D-
ribofuranosyl)-5-methylpyrimidin-2,4(1H,3H)-dione.

O
H
O
H
O
CH
3
H
2
C
N
N
O
N
3
iu ch:

N
N
CH
3
O
H
O
H
O
O
OH
O
H
O
O
CH
3
CH
2
N
N
(C
6
H
5
)
3
CO
CH
2
(C
6
H
5
)
3
CO
N
N
CH
2
CH
3
O
O
H
O
OSO
2
(C
6
H
5
)
3
CCl/Pyridin
100 /30 pht
o
Qua mt s gian on
CH
3
SO
2
Cl/pyridin
O
H
O
O
CH
2
N
N
CH
3
(C
6
H
5
)
3
CO
N
3 N
3
CH
3
N
N
CH
2
O
O
H
O
O H
HCl
O /1 gi
o
N,N dimethylformamid
/3gi trong khNit
o
100
Tnh cht:
- Dng tinh th trng hoc hi nu.
- []
D
25
= + 60,5
0
+63,0
0
(C
1
= ethanol).
-
max
=266,5nm.
- Kh tan trong nc, trong ethanol.
nh tnh:
- Ph hng ngoi
- Sc k lp mng, pht hin vt bng n t ngoi 254nm
- Xc nh tp cht: sc k lng
nh lng: sc k lng (UV hoc HPLC)

C ch tc dng:
- Sau khi hp thu, c phosphoryl ha nh thymidine kinase
monophosphat zidovudin diphosphat v triphosphat
- Triphosphat zidovudin cnh tranh c ch vi thymidin triphosphat
(TTP)
- Zidovudin monophosphat: cnh tranh c ch thymidine gim
mc TTP trong t bo tng cng tc dng
Dc ng hc:
- Hp thu nhanh chng ng ung: 60-70%, thc n nhiu m lm
chm v gim hp thu
- Lin kt protein huyt tng: <35%
- Vo TKTW, qua nhau thai, sa m
- t
1/2
: 0,9-1,5h
- Chuyn ha bc u thnh dn cht 5-O-glucuronic c tc dng
yu hn ln HIV1
- Thi tr qua nc tiu

Ch nh:
- iu tr nhim HIV 1, AIDS
- Cn nhc gia hiu qu iu tr v ADR la chn thi im
dng thuc
- Cc bnh do 1 s virus khc
- Gim nguy c ly truyn t m sang con khi dng cho ph n c
thai

Liu dng: Ngi ln: 500-600mg/ngy. Tr em trn 3 thng tui:
150mg/6h/ln

Dng bo ch: Nang 100mg, Vin nn 300mg, Dung dch tim
10mg/ml

c tnh:
- Suy ty xng thiu mu
- Gim bch cu ht, tiu cu
- Bun nn, nn, au u, au d dy, rut, pht ban, st, tiu chy, chn
n, au c, ng g, kh chu, chong, t bi, mt ng, kh th
- Thiu mu hng cu, vim a c

Chng ch nh:
- Mn cm vi Zidovudin
- Bin lon v huyt hc (t l Hemoglobin <7,5g/100ml v bch cu a
nhn <7,5x103/l)
DIDANOSIN (DDI)

Tn khc: Videx, DDI

C
10
H
12
N
4
O
3
Plt: 236,2

Tn khoa hc: 2',3' dideoxyinosin

iu ch: i t dn cht inosin
N
N
N
N
O
H
O
HO-H2C
Tnh cht:
- Bt kt tinh trng hoc gn trng
- Tan t trong nc, methanol v ethanol, tan trong dimethyl
sulfoxide

nh tnh:
- o IR
- o gc quay cc: - 24,2
0
- 28,2
0

nh lng:
- SKL
- PP mi trng khan vi acid perchloric 0,1 M trong acid
acetic, o th
C ch tc dng:
- Chuyn thnh dng hot ng 2,3-dideoxy adenin triphosphat
nh 5-nucleotidase
- Cnh tranh c ch vi enzym sao chp ngc ca virus

Dc ng hc:
- SKD ng ung: 35-45%, thc n lm gim hp thu
- Lin kt protein huyt tng: 5%
- Vo h TKTW, qua nhau thai
- t
1/2
trong huyt tng:1,4h, trong t bo: 12h
- Thi tr qua thn
Ch nh: iu tr nhim HIV1, iu tr AIDS ngi ln, tr
em trn 6 thng tui vi bnh nhn khng s dng c bng
zidovudin
Liu dng: Ngi ln: tnh theo cn nng, Tr em: tnh theo
din tch b mt c th
Dng bo ch: Vin nhai: 25mg, 50mg, 100mg, 150mg
Bt, vin pha dung dch ung 100mg, 250mg
Chng ch nh:
- Mn cm vi didanosin
- ang iu tr rifampicin
Tc dng ph:
- Vim ty
- Bnh l TK ngoi bin
- a lng, vim gan, suy tim thiu Calci, ban
Lu :
- Didanosin km n nh trong mi trng acid dng cng
cht m
- Trnh dng vi cc sulfonamid, thuc khng th th H2,
thuc li tiu, dapson, disulfuran, INH, lithicarbonat,
metronidazol, vincristin
ZALCITABIN (DDC)
BD: Hivid, DDC

C
9
H
13
N
3
O
3
Ptl: 211,2
Tn khoa hc: 2',3'-dideoxycytidin
Tnh cht:
-Tinh th trng
-Nhit nng chy: 115
0
-117
0
C
-|o|
D
25
= +81(C=0,635% trong nc).
-
max
= 280nm (HCl 0,1N),
max
= 270nm (NaOH 0,1N)

nh tnh:
-o IR
-SKLM: pht hin vt bng n t ngoi 254nm

nh lng: sc k lng (UV hoc HPLC)


C ch tc dng:
- Phosphoryl ha nh deoxycitidin kinase
- Chuyn thnh dideoxycitidin 5'-triphosphat nh enzym t bo
- Cnh tranh c ch s sao chp ngc v ko di chui tn
cng ADN.
- c ch men ADN polymerase ca t bo.
Dc ng hc:
- SKD ng ung:80%, thc n lm gim hp thu
- Lin kt protein huyt tng: 4%
- i vo TKTW
- t
1/2
trong huyt tng: 1-3h
- Thi tr qua thn: 75%
Ch nh:
- iu tr nhim HIV1 v AIDS (CD
4
<300/mm
3
)
- C th kt hp zidovudin
- Ung: 0,375-0,75mg/ln x 3 ln/ngy
Tc dng ph:
- Bnh l TK ngoi bin
- Pht ban ngoi da, lot ming, h bch cu trung tnh, bun
nn, nhc u, st, mt mi, tiu chy, bing n
- Suy nhc, au di c, kh th, ph ton thn
Lamivudin

BD: Zeffix, Epivir, 3TC


C
8
H
11
N
3
O
3
S Ptl: 229,3

Tn khoa hc: 4-amino-1[2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-
azathiolan-5-yl]-2-pyrimidinon.

O
CH
2
HO

N
N
S
O
NH
2
Tnh cht:
-Bt kt tinh trng
-Nhit nng chy: 160-1620C
-Tan trong cn
-|o|
D
25
= -130 -140(C=0,38% trong MeOH).
nh tnh:
-Ph IR
-SKLM
-UV hoc HPLC
nh lng: UV hoc HPLC

C ch:
- Phosphoryl ha thnh dng triphosphat
- Cnh tranh c ch s sao chp ngc ca deoxycytidin
triphosphat kt thc sm tng hp ADN ca virus
Dc ng hc:
- Hp thu tt khi ung. SKD 80 87%
- Lin kt protein: <36%
- Thi gian bn thi: 5-7h
- Thi tr qua nc tiu
Ch nh:
- iu tr HIV v vim gan B mn tnh
- Phi hp AZT iu tr nhim HIV ngi ln v tr em trn 12
tui
Combivir:
150mg 3CT
300mg AZT
- Kt hp AZT lm gim nguy c truyn bnh t m sang con
Chng ch nh: d ng vi thuc, bnh thn
Tc dng ph: au d dy, nn, t, nga, bng rt, st, xut
huyt.

EMTRICITABIN
C
8
H
10
FN
3
O
3
S Plt: 247,3
Tn khoa hc: 4-amino-5-fluoro-1-[(2S,5R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)
-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl]-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-2-one
Tnh cht:
- Bt kt tinh trng hoc gn trng
- Tan trong methanol v nc, khng tan trong dichloromethan
nh tnh:
- SKLM
- o UV
- o IR
- o gc quay cc: []
D
20C
= -105,0 -115.0 (C=0,25% trong
nc)
nh lng: PP mi trng khan vi acid perchloric 0,1M, dung
mi acid acetic bng, o th

C ch:
- Phosphoryl ha thnh dng triphosphat
- Cnh tranh c ch s sao chp ngc lm gin on qu
trnh tng hp ADN ca virus
Dc ng hc:
- Hp thu nhanh sau khi ung, SKD 93%
- Lin kt protein huyt tng: <4%
- t
1/2
: 10h
- Thi tr qua thn dng khng bin i v mt phn qua phn
Ch nh: kt hp vi cc thuc khng retrovirus khc trong iu
tr nhim HIV-1 ngi ln
Chng ch nh: mn cm vi thuc
Tc dng ph: au u, bun nn, nn, i ngoi, au bng, mt
mi, tng nng amylase v lipase huyt thanh, pht ban.
Liu dng: 200mg/ln/ngy
Dng bo ch: vin nang 200mg


STAVUDIN

C
10
H
12
N
2
O
4
Ptl: 224,2

Tn khoa hc: 2', 3'- didehydro-2', 3'-
dideoxythymidin

Tnh cht:
- Bt mu trng hoc gn trng
- Tan trong nc, tan t trong ethanol, methylene
nh tnh:
- o gc quay cc: - 39,5
0
- 45,9
0
(C=1% trong nc)
- o IR
nh lng: SKL
C ch tc dng:
- Phosphoryl ha nh thymidin kinase thnh triphosphat
- Cnh tranh c ch s sao chp ngc vi deoxythymidin
triphosphat
- c ch polymerase | v chng li s pht trin ca virus
Dc ng hc:
- SKD ng ung: 80%
- t
1/2
trong huyt tng: 1h
- Thi tr qua nc tiu dng khng chuyn ha c mng lc
v ng lc: 40%

Ch nh:
- iu tr nhim HIV
1
, iu tr AIDS (CD
4
400/mm3) (bt 500)
- Kt hp cc thuc retrovirus khc
Tc dng ph:
- au TK ngoi bin
- Thiu mu, st, ban , tng men gan, c vi xng

Liu dng: ung 40mg/ln x 2 ln/ngy vi ngi > 60kg,
30mg/ln x 2 ln / ngy vi ngi s60kg
ABACAVIR SULFATE
(C
14
H
18
N
6
O)
2
.H
2
SO
4
Ptl: 670,8
Tn khoa hc: (1S,4R)-4-[2-Amino-6 (cyclopropylamino)-9H-
purin-9-yl]-2-cyclopentene-1-methanol hemisulfate
Tnh cht:
- Bt trng hoc gn trng
- Tan trong nc
nh tnh:
- o UV
- SKLM
- o IR
- o gc quay cc: []
D
20C
= -53 -57 (C=1% trong nc).
- Phn ng ca nhm sulfate
nh lng: PP acid-base vi NaOH 0,1M, o th
C ch:
- Phosphoryl ha thnh dng triphosphat
- Cnh tranh c ch s sao chp ngc lm gin on qu trnh
tng hp ADN ca virus
Dc ng hc:
- Hp thu nhanh ng ung, SKD 80%, thc n lm chm nhng
khng gim hp thu thuc
- Lin kt protein huyt tng: 15%
- T1/2: 1,5h
- Chuyn ha qua gan bng phn ng lin hp glucuronic
- Thi tr qua thn
Ch nh: Dng kt hp vi t nht 2 thuc khng virus khc
iu tr nhim HIV
Chng ch nh: Ph n c thai v cho con b
Tc dng ph: Phn ng mn cm, bun nn, nn, a chy, chn
n, ng lm, mt mi, st, nhc u, vim ty, nhim acid lactic
Liu dng: Ngi ln: 300 mg/ln x 2 ln/ngy. Tr em 3 thng
- 16 tui: 8 mg/kg/ln x 2 ln/ngy (ti a 600 mg/ngy).
Dng bo ch: Vin nn (dng mui sulfat) 300 mg. Dung dch
ung (dng mui sulfat) 100 mg/5 ml
Stavudine (D4T) Abacavir (ABC)
D4T - tng t nucleoside pyrimidine c hot tnh
chng HIV-1 ng k sau khi c chuyn thnh D4T-
triphosphat trong t bo. Thuc gim khng nguyn
p24 v tng s lng t bo CD4.
D4T c tc dng vi BN c CD4 khng gim xung
di 300 t bo/mm3 khi dng ZDV v ddI. Thuc
hu dng hn ZDV hoc ddC trong iu tr cho bnh
nhn do lm chm qu trnh tin trin ca nhim HIV.
Thuc c khuyn co cho BN c HIV tin trin.
ABC (1998) -c ch RT cu trc nucleosid - phi
hp vi cc thuc khc iu tr HIV v AIDS.
.
D4T c hp thu nhanh, v sinh kh dng ngi
trng thnh l 85% vi liu dng ng ung
4mg/kg
Nng nh ca thuc trong huyt tng ph thuc
vo liu trong 1h. Thuc c th ung vi thc n, Th
tch phn b ca thuc sau khi ung l 66L. Thi gian
bn thi ca thuc trong huyt tng khong 1,5h v
trong t bo ca D4T-triphosphat l 3,5h.
Thuc c chuyn ha ch yu thng qua s
phosphoryl ha thnh 5-mono-, di-, triphosphate.
Abacavir c hp thu tt (>75%) v thm nhp
vo TKTW.
Thuc c th hp thu cng or khng cng ba n.
Thuc khng ch ra bt k mt tng tc thuc-
thuc quan trng trn lm sng.
ABC c thng bo gy ra phn ng sc phn v.
S dng abacavir ch yu phi hp vi cc thuc
c ch RT nucleosid khc.
Thuc t c vi ty xng nhng gy c tnh trn
thn kinh ngoi bin. Cc TDP: au, au nhi thn
kinh v t cng tay v chn.
TDP ch yu: au u, bun nn, nn, au c v
tiu chy
TENOFOVIR DISOPROXIL
FUMARATE
C
19
H
30
N
5
O
10
P.C
4
H
4
O
4
Ptl: 635,5
Tn khoa hc: [[(1R)-2(6-Amino- 9H-purin-9-yl)-1-methylethoxy]
methyl]phosphonate, bis(isopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl ester),
fumarate
Tnh cht:
- Bt kt tinh mu trng hoc gn trng
- Tan t trong nc, dichloromethan, tan trong methanol
nh tnh:
- SKLM
- o UV
- o IR
- o gc quay cc: []
D
20C
= -20,0
0
-26,0
0
(C=1% trong
dd HCl 0,1M)
nh lng: PP mi trng khan vi acid perchloric 0,1M,
dung mi acid acetic bng, o th
C ch:
- Phosphoryl ha thnh dng diphosphat
- Cnh tranh c ch s sao chp ngc lm gin
on qu trnh tng hp ADN virus
Dc ng hc:
- Hp thu nhanh ng ung v chuyn thnh
tenofovir, SKD 25% khi i, tng ln khi n vi
thc n giu cht bo
- Phn b rng khp trong cc m, c bit l thn
v gan
- Lin kt vi protein huyt tng: <1%
- Thi tr qua thn
- t
1/2
: 12-18h
Ch nh: kt hp vi cc thuc khng virus khc
iu tr nhim HIV v AIDS. C tc dng iu
tr HBV
Chng ch nh: mn cm vi thuc
Tc dng ph: bing n, au bng, i ngoi,
bun nn, nn, au u, mt mi.
Liu dng: ngi ln: 300mg/ln/ngy
Dng bo ch: vin bao 300mg
Cc cht c ch Protease
Protease: cn cho s phn tch cc tin polypeptid
to ra cc protein cu trc v cc enzym ca
virus
Thuc: ngn cn s trng thnh ca virus iu
tr nhim virus cp v mn
Kt hp vi cc thuc c ch enzym phin m
ngc
INDINAVIR SULPHATE
C
36
H
47
N
5
O
4
,H
2
SO
4
,C
2
H
6
O Ptl: 758
Tn khc: Crixivan
Tn khoa hc: (2S)-1-[(2S,4R)-4-Benzyl-2-hydroxy-5-[[(1S,2R)-2-
hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl]amino]-5-oxopentyl]-N-(1,1-
dimethylethyl)-4-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)piperazine-2-carboxamide sulphate
ethanolate.
Tnh cht:
- Bt trng hoc gn trng
- Tan trong nc, methanol, khng tan trong heptane
nh tnh:
- o gc quay cc
- o IR
- Phn ng ca nhm sulphate
- Phn ng ca ethanol
nh lng: SK kh
C ch: Gn thun nghch vi cc protease ca virus ngn cn
s ct cc protein tin cht ca virus virus khng lan truyn
c
Ch nh:
- iu tr nhim HIV ngi ln
- Kt hp 1-2 thuc khc
- Ung vi nhiu nc: 800mg/ln, 8h/ln
Tc dng ph:
- Vim thn, bun nn, au bng, i ngoi, mt ng, au u, au
lng.
- Ri lon th gic, tng ng huyt, d ng
Dc ng hc:
- SKD ng ung: 65%, thc n gim hp thu thuc
- Lin kt protein huyt thng: 60%
- Chuyn ha: CYP450, lin hp vi acid glucuronic
- t
1/2
: 1h
- Thi tr qua phn, 20% qua nc tiu
Liu dng: 800mg/ln; cch 8 gi ung 1 ln. Cn ung nhiu
nc
C
37
H
48
N
6
O
5
S
2
Ptl: 721
Tn khoa hc: Thiazol-5-ylmethyl [(1S,2S,4S)-1-benzyl-2-
hydroxy-4-[[(2S)-3-methyl-2-[[methyl[[2-(1- methylethyl)thiazol-
4-yl] methyl] carbamoyl] amino] butanoyl]amino]-5-
phenylpentyl]carbamate.
RITONAVIR
N N
N
N
H
2
N
OH
N
O
O
O
O
H
H
H
H
H
tBu
Tnh cht:
- Bt trng hoc gn trng
- Khng tan trong nc, tan t trong acetonitril, tan trong
methanol v methylene chloride
nh tnh: o IR
nh lng: SKL
Tc dng: Ritonavir l thuc iu tr HIV, dng n c hoc
kt hp.
Liu dng: 600mg/ln x 2 ln/24h.
Tc dng ph: bun nn, nn, au bng, i ngoi.
Dng bo ch: Nang 100mg.
SAQUINAVIR MESILATE
C
39
H
54
N
6
O
8
S Ptl: 767
Tn khoa hc: (2S)-N
1
-[(1S,2R)-1-Benzyl-3-[(3S,4aS,8aS)-3-[(1,1-
dimethylethyl) carbamoyl] octahydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl]-2-
hydroxypropyl]-2-[(quinolin-2-ylcarbonyl)amino]butanediamide
methanesulfonate
Tnh cht:
- Bt mu trng hoc gn trng
- Khng tan trong nc, tan t trong ethanol, methanol
nh tnh:
- o IR
- o gc quay cc: - 35,0
0
- 42,0
0
(C=0,5% trong methanol)
nh lng: SKL
Tc dng: Dng kt hp vi cc thuc khc iu tr bnh
AIDS ang tin trin
Liu dng: 600mg/ln x 3 ln/ngy
Tc dng ph: bun nn, bing n, au bng, i ngoi
Dng bo ch: nang 200mg
NELFINAVIR MESILATE
C
32
H
45
N
3
O
4
S.CH
4
O
3
S Plt: 663,9
Tn khoa hc: (3S,4aS,8aS)-N-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2-[(2R,3R)-2-
hydroxy-3-[(3-hydroxy-2-methylbenzoyl)amino]-4-(phenylsulfanyl)
butyl] decahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxamide methanesulfonate
Tnh cht:
- Bt mu trng hoc gn trng
- Tan trong methanol, khng tan trong nc
nh tnh:
- SKLM
- o UV
- o IR
- o gc quay cc: []
D
20C
= -105 -125 (C=1% trong
methanol).
nh lng: PP acid-base vi NaOH 0,1M, o th
C ch: c ch chn lc vi protease ca virus ngn
cn s hnh thnh cc protein ca virus
Dc ng hc:
- Hp thu ng ung tng ln khi dng cng thc n
- Lin kt protein huyt tng:>98%
- Chuyn ha nh CYP450
- Thi tr ch yu qua phn, mt t qua nc tiu dng
khng bin i
Ch nh: phi hp vi cc thuc khc iu tr
nhim HIV v AIDS
Chng ch nh: thi k cho con b
Tc dng ph: a chy, bun nn, nn, y hi, au
bng; ngoi ban; tng creatin kinase, vim gan, vim
ty, gim bch cu trung tnh, phn ng qu mn
Liu dng: ngi ln: 1,25g/ln x 2 ln/ngy hoc
0,75g/ln x 3 ln/ngy
Dng bo ch: Vin nn nelfinavir mesilat 250 mg.
Bt ung, nelfinavir mesilat 50 mg/g.
AMPRENAVIR
C
25
H
35
N
3
O
6
S Ptl: 505,6
Tn khoa hc: (3S)-oxolan-3-yl N-[(2S,3R)-3-hydroxy-4-[N-(2-
methylpropyl)(4-aminobenzene)sulfonamido]-1-phenylbutan-2-
yl]carbamate
C ch: c ch protease ca virus ngn cn s
hnh thnh cc protein ca virus
Dc ng hc:
- Hp thu nhanh sau khi ung, gim khi dng cng
thc n
- Lin kt protein huyt tng: 90%
- Chuyn ha nh CYP3A4
- Thi tr ch yu qua phn
- t
1/2
: 7,6-10h
Ch nh: phi hp vi cc thuc khc iu tr nhim
HIV v AIDS
Tc dng ph: ri lon tiu ha, i ngoi, bun nn, nn,
au u, mt mi, ri lon v gic, pht ban.
Liu dng: dng vin nang 1,2g/ln/ngy hoc 600mg/ln
x 2 ln/ngy. Dng dung dch: 17mg/kg/ln x 3 ln/ngy
Dng bo ch: vin nang 150mg, dung dch ung
15mg/ml
ATAZANAVIR SULFATE
C
38
H
52
N
6
O
7
H
2
SO
4
Ptl: 704,9
Tn khoa hc: (3S, 8S, 9S, 12S )-3,12-Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-8-hydroxy-
4,11-dioxo-9-(phenylmethyl)-6-[[4-(2-pyridinyl)phenyl]methyl]-
2,5,6,10,13-pentaazatetradecanedioic acid dimethyl ester, sulfate
C ch: c ch protease ca virus ngn cn s hnh
thnh cc protein ca virus
Dc ng hc:
- Hp thu nhanh khi ung, SKD tng khi dng cng thc
n
- Lin kt vi protein huyt thanh 86%
- Thuc qua c hng ro mu no
- Chuyn ha gan nh CYP3A4
- Thi tr qua phn, mt phn qua nc tiu
- t
1/2
: 7-8,6h
Ch nh: phi hp vi cc thuc khc iu tr
nhim HIV v AIDS
Tc dng ph: au u, mt ng, ri lon tiu ha,
bun nn, nn, au bng, i ngoi, pht ban.
Liu dng: ngi ln: 400mg/ln/ngy hoc
300mg/ln/ngy kt hp vi 100mg ritonavir
Dng bo ch: vin nang100mg, 150mg, 200mg,
300mg atazanavir
FOSAMPRENAVIR CALCIUM
C
25
H
34
CaN
3
O
9
PS Ptl: 623,7
Tn khoa hc: (3S)-tetrahydrofuran-3-yl (1S,2R)-3[[(4-
aminophenyl) sulfonyl] (isobutyl) amino] -1-benzyl-2-
(phosphonooxy) propylcarbamate monocalcium
C ch: L tin thuc ca amprenavir, vo c th
chuyn thnh amprenavir, c ch protease ca
virus ngn cn s hnh thnh cc protein ca
virus
Dc ng hc:
- Sau khi ung c thy phn thnh ampenavir
- C th dng cng vi thc n hoc khng
Ch nh: phi hp vi cc thuc khc iu tr nhim
HIV v AIDS
Tc dng ph: ri lon tiu ha, i ngoi, bun nn, nn,
au u, mt mi, ri lon v gic, pht ban.
Liu dng: Ngi ln: 1,4g/ln/ngy hoc 700mg/ln x 2
ln/ngy, phi hp vi ritonavir hoc khng
Dng bo ch: vin nn 700mg, hn dch ung 50mg/ml
TIPRANAVIR
C
31
H
33
F
3
N
2
O
5
S Ptl: 602,7
Tn khoa hc: N-{3-[(1R)-1-[(2R)-6-hydroxy-4-oxo-2-(2-
phenylethyl)-2-propyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-5-yl] propyl] phenyl}
-5-(trifluoromethyl) pyridine-2-sulfonamide
C ch: c ch protease ca virus ngn cn s
hnh thnh cc protein ca virus
Dc ng hc:
- Hp thu tng khi dng cng thc n
- Lin kt protein huyt tng 99,9%
- Chuyn ha nh CYP450
- Thi tr khng bin i qua phn
- t
1/2
: 4,8-6h
Ch nh: phi hp vi cc thuc khc iu tr
cho bnh nhn mi nhim HIV v AIDS hoc
khng a thuc
Tc dng ph: ri lon tiu ha, i ngoi, bun
nn, nn, au u, mt mi, ri lon v gic, pht
ban.
Liu dng: ngi ln: 500mg/ln x 2 ln/ngy kt
hp vi 200mg ritonavir tng cng tc dng
Dng bo ch: vin nang 250mg, dung dch ung
100mg/ml
Cc thuc khc
9-cloro-tibo
Foscarnet
Interferon
Nevirabine
Delavirdine
Efavirenz
CD
4
ha tan ti t hp
Dc liu chng HIV/AIDS
9-CLORO-TIBO
Ch c tc dng c hiu chng li HIV
1
bng cch
c ch s sao chp ca vi khun
Qua nghin cu th vic s dng bng ng ung
cng em li kt qu iu tr v iu tr th cho
22 bnh nhn b bnh AIDS vi liu iu tr 120 -
130mg/ngy v hin nay ang tip tc nghin cu
thm.
N
N
HN
S
Cl
CH
3
Na
3
O
5
P,6H
2
O Ptl: 300.0

Tn khoa hc: Trisodium phosphonatoformate
hexahydrate
FOSCARNET NATRI
Tnh cht:
- Bt kt tinh mu trng hoc gn trng
- Tan trong nc, khng tan trong ethanol
nh tnh:
- o IR
- Phn ng ca ion Na
+

nh lng: Phng php acid-base vi acid sulfuric 0,05M,
o th
C ch tc dng:
- c ch khng cnh tranh vi men chuyn ngc
- Tc dng vo v tr m pyrophosphat c tch ra t phosphat
nucleosid trong khi hnh thnh mt lin kt diester phosphat mi
Tc dng:
- Chng HIV
1
- Kt hp vi Zidovudin v Interferon cho tc dng tt hn
Dc ng hc:
- Khng dng ng ung
- Tim tnh mch 2-3 ln/ngy
- t
1/2
: 2-4h
- Thi tr qua thn
INTERFERON
Ngoi tc dng phng v iu tr cm v cc bnh khc nh
ung th mu, cc khi u, ngi ta s dng Interferon
trong iu tr HIV v AIDS. xc nh c mt s
Interferon chng li HIV v l gii mt trong nhng c ch
tc dng ca chng l lm tng h thng min dch ca c
th. Vic kt hp Interferon v AZT cho kt qu tt hn iu
tr mt mnh AZT.
Interferon o - 2a c s dng c hiu qu cho cc bnh
nhn AIDS ng thi b bnh Sarcoma kaposi.

NEVIRAPINE
C
15
H
14
N
4
O Ptl: 266,3
Tn khoa hc: 11-cyclopropyl-4-methyl-5,11-dihydro-
6H- dipyrido[3,2-b:2,3-e][1,4]diazepin-6-one
Tnh cht:
- Bt trng hoc gn trng
- Tan t trong methanol, methylene chloride, khng
tan trong nc
nh tnh:
- o IR
- Mt khi lng do lm kh
nh lng: SKL

C ch: Lin kt trc tip vi enzym sao chp ngc
lm mt hot tnh ca enzym ngn cn s tng hp ADN
Dc ng hc:
- Hp thu nhanh khi ung, thc n khng nh hng n
hp thu, SKD > 90%
- Lin kt vi protein huyt tng 60%
- Qua hng ro mu no, qua nhau thai v sa m
- Chuyn ha nh CYP3A4 v CYP2B6
- Thi tr qua thn dng lin kt vi acid glucoronic
Ch nh: Nhim HIV (kt hp vi t nht 2 thuc
chng retrovirus khc). D phng ly truyn t m
sang con bnh nhn nhim HIV
Chng ch nh: suy gan nng
Tc dng ph: Ngoi ban (gm c hi chng
Stevens- Johnson) v, him gp hn, hoi t biu b
do nhim c; vim gan hoc vng da, bun nn, nn,
au bng, a chy, nhc u, li b, mt mi, st; phn
ng qu mn phn ng phn v, ph mch, my ay.
Liu dng:
Nhim HIV:
- Ngi ln: 200mg/ln,1 ln/ngy (14 ngy u), sau 200mg/ln x 2
ln/ngy.
- Tr nh 15 - 30 ngy tui: 5mg/kg/ngy (14 ngy), sau 120mg/m
2
/ln x
2 ln/ngy.
- Tr 1 thng - 13 tui: 120 mg/m
2
/ln x 2 ln/ngy 1(4 ngy u), sau
200mg/m
2
/ln x 2 ln/ngy.
D phng ly nhim HIV t m sang con: Ngi ln: 200mg liu duy nht
lc bt u tr d. Tr s sinh 2 mg/kg mt liu duy nht trong vng 72
gi sau khi sinh.
Dng bo ch: Vin nn 200 mg. Hn dch ung, nevirapin 50 mg/5 ml.

DELAVIRDINE
C
22
H
28
N
6
O
3
S Ptl: 456,6
Tn khoa hc: N-[2-({4-[3-(propan-2-ylamino)pyridin-2-
yl]piperazin-1-yl}carbonyl)-1H-indol-5-yl]methanesulfonamide
C ch: Lin kt trc tip vi enzym sao chp ngc
lm mt hot tnh ca enzym ngn cn s tng
hp ADN
Dc ng hc:
- Hp thu nhanh ng ung, SKD 85%
- Lin kt protein huyt tng 98%
- Chuyn ha nh CYP3A4
- Thi gian bn thi: 5,8h (2-11h)
- Thi tr qua phn v nc tiu
Ch nh: kt hp vi cc thuc khc iu tr
nhim HIV v AIDS
Tc dng ph: pht ban, au bng, mt mi,
st, hi chng cm, au u, ri lon tiu ha,
bun nn, nn, i ngoi, tng enzym gan.
Liu dng: 400mg/ln x 3 ln/ngy
Dng bo ch: vin nn 200mg
EFAVIRENZ
C
14
H
9
ClF
3
NO
2
Ptl: 315,7
Tn khoa hc: (4S)-6-chloro-4-(cyclopropylethynyl)-1,4-
dihydro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one.
Tnh cht:
- Bt mu trng hoc hng nht
- Khng tan trong nc, tan trong methanol
nh tnh:
- SKLM
- o UV
- o IR
- o gc quay cc: []
D
20C
= -89 -100 (C=0,3% trong
methanol)
nh lng: o UV
C ch: Lin kt trc tip vi enzym sao chp ngc
lm mt hot tnh ca enzym ngn cn s tng
hp ADN
Dc ng hc:
- SKD khi dng chung thc n giu cht bo
- Lin kt protein huyt tng >99%
- Qua hng ro mu no
- Chuyn ha nh CYP3A4 v CYP2B6
- Thi tr qua phn v nc tiu
Ch nh: Nhim HIV, kt hp vi t nht 2 thuc
chng retrovirus khc
Chng ch nh: Thi k mang thai
Tc dng ph: Ngoi ban k c hi chng Stevens-
Johnson, chong vng, nhc u, mt ng, ng g;
ng m khng bnh thng, mt mi.
Liu dng: Ngi ln, ung 600mg/ln, 1 ln/ngy
Dng bo ch: Nang 50 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg. Dung
dch ung 150 mg/5 ml.
CD
4
ha tan ti t hp
Cc virus HIV gn vo receptor CD
4
trn b mt t
bo.
Cc CD
4
ha tan ti t hp tng t nh receptor
CD
4
nn gn trn vi gp120 HIV khng gn vo
receptor
Tc dng ngn khng cho HIV ly lan sang cc t
bo khc
Cc dc liu
c nhiu hi ngh v cc ti liu cng b
dng cc cy c c tc dng iu tr HIV
Mt trong nhng h thc vt c tp trung
ch nht l h b (Cucurbitaceae): cy qua
lu, mp ng, gc
Thnh phn c tc dng chng HIV l cc
protein c phn t lng ln, gm hng trm
acid amin
Trichosanthin c 234 acid amin. Protein ny c
nhiu nht trong r cy qua lu
(Trichosantheskinilowi Cucurbitaceae)
Momorcharin: l mt protein chit t cy mp
ng (Momordicacarantia Cucurbitaceae)
Momordin v Cochinchin: l 2 protein c chit
t ht qu gc (Momordicacochinchinensis
Cucurbitaceae)
THUC IU TR CM
Thuc iu tr cm
i cng v cm
Cu to virus cm
Cc thuc iu tr
i cng v cm
Cm l bnh nhim trng h hp cp do nhiu
chng virus cm gy ra.
Hu ht do virus cm typ A, t gp cm typ B v
C.
xc nh nhiu phn typ cm A nh: H
1
N
1
;
H
2
N
2
; H
3
N
2
, H
9
N
2
v H
5
N
1.
trong H
5
N
1
c
c tnh mnh.
Triu chng cm: Mt mi, st, n lnh, ho, au mnh
my.
D b cc nhim trng th pht khc.
Virus cm tng gy ra cc i dch:
- 1918-1919: Do loi A H
1
N
1

- 1997: Dch cm g Hng Kng do loi A H
5
N
1
- 2004: Dch cm g gy bnh cho ngi do loi A H
5
N
1

Cu to virus cm
Virus gy cm thuc h Orthomyxoviridae (Myxo: nim
mc).
- H khc: Paramyxoviridae
- Virus cm A, B thuc chi Influenzavirus.
Cu to:
- Hnh cu v hnh si li
- Genom c 8 si ARN.
- Hai loi gai (lun bin i): Loi H (Haemuglutamin) v loi
N (Neuraminidase)

1- Hemagglutinin, 2- Neuraminidase, 3- Matrix Protein, 4- Lipido Bilayer,
5- Polymerase, 6- Nucleoprotein, 7- RNA

Phng v iu tr cm
Vaccin: dng cc chng A H
1
N
1
v A H
3
N
2
Ngh ngi v xng bng thuc ng y.
iu tr triu chng: thuc gim au nh
paracetamol, aspirin, ibuprofen
Thuc: Amantadin, Rimantadin, Zanamivir,
Olseltamivir (Tamiflu)
Thuc phng v iu tr cm
Amantadin hydroclorid
Rimantadin hydroclorid
Ribavirin
Interferon
Oseltamivir
Zanamivir
AMANTADIN HYDROCLORID
C
10
H
18
ClN Ptl: 187,7
BD: Gludantan (dn cht glucuronic); Amantan;
Mantadan; Mantadin; Mantadix; Midantan; Trivalin.
Tn khoa hc: Tricyclo (3,3,1,1)dec-1-ylamin
hydroclorid

NH
2
. HCl
Tnh cht:
- Bt tinh th trng
- D tan trong nc, alcol, khng tan trong ether
- Thng hoa khi un nng, bn vi nh sng v khng kh
- pH (dd 20% trong nc):3,0-3,5
nh tnh:
- Ph IR
- dd amantadin trong HCl long: Ta trng vi dung dch Natri
nitrit 80%
- Acetyl ha bng anhydrid acetic v pyridin (un nng, thm
HCl long, ngui, lc ly ta, sy ta 60
0
C, nhit nng
chy: 147
0
-151
0
C)
- Phn ng ion Cl
-
nh lng: PP trung ha vi NaOH
C ch:
- Ngn cn s ci v ca virus cm trong t bo ch
- Khng tc ng nn chc nng t bo ch nn t c
Dc ng hc:
- Hp thu tt ng ung, phn b khp c th, thm nhp nhanh
vo h TK
- Khong 90% thuc thi tr khng bin i qua thn, ch yu qua
cu thn v ng thn
- t
1/2
: 12-18h
Ch nh:
- Phng v iu tr bnh cm
- iu tr Parkinson v hi chng Parkinson
- Liu dng: Ngi ln: 200mg/ngy: 5-7 ngy. Tr em 10-15
tui: 1,5-3,0g/kg/8h
Tc dng ph: Bun nn, ri lon tiu ha, lo lng, trm cm,
o gic
Chng ch nh: ph n c thai, tn thng nhu m gan,
vim thn nc tiu, tr em di 10 tui.
RIMANTADIN HYDROCLORID
C
12
H
21
N.HCl Ptl: 215,8
BD: Remantadin; Roflual; Flumadin
Tn khoa hc: o - methyl - 1 - adamantan
methylamin hydroclorid
CH
3
CH
NH
2
. HCl
Tnh cht:
- Bt kt tinh mu trng hoc gn trng
- Tan trong nc, tan t trong ethanol, methylene chloride
- Nhit nng chy: 373-375
0
C
nh tnh: o IR
nh lng: SKL
C ch: c ch s ci o ca virus
Dc ng hc:
- Khng qua c hng ro mu no, o thi qua nc tiu
- t
1/2
: 24-36h
Cng dng: phng v iu tr cm
Liu phng: 150-200mg/ngy
Liu iu tr: 200mg/ngy x 5 ngy
Dng bo ch: Vin nn bc 100mg, l 10ml dung dch ung
50mg/5ml
Tc dng ph: Ri lon tiu ho, nh hng n h thn kinh
trung ng, khng tp trung, mt ng, trm cm hay o gic.
Chng ch nh: mn cm vi thuc, suy gan, ph n c thai,
cho con b.
RIBAVIRIN
C
8
H
12
N
4
O
5
Ptl:224,21
BD: Tribavirin; Robavin; Vilona; Viramid; Virazol
Tn khoa hc: 1(|-D-ribofuranosyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-
carboxamid

O CH
2
O
HO
N
N
N
H
2
NC
OH
H O
iu ch:

OH H O
H
2
NC N
N
N
O H
O
CH
2
O
OAc Ac O
H
3
COC N
N
N
O Ac
O
CH
2
O
Br
H
+
O CH
2
O
N
N
N
Ac O Ac O
H
3
COC
Ac O
+ N
2
H
4
Loi Acetyl
Tnh cht:
- Bt kt tinh khng mu
- Tan trong nc
- [o]
D
= -35 -38
0
(dung dch 10% mi pha)
nh tnh: Sc k lp mng vi Silicagel GF
254
, acetonitril :
amoni clorid 0,1N (9 : 2), thuc th phun p-anizaldehyd:acid
sulfuric:methanol (5 : 10 : 85)
nh lng: o ph UV (206nm), hoc HPLC
C ch:
- Phosphoryl ha thnh mono, di, triphosphat
- Ngn cn qu trnh phin m nh hng n tng hp
protein ca virus
Ch nh:
- Nhim virus cm RSV v ph vim do nhim virus tr em
- iu tr cm, si, nhim virus thn, st lassa, SXH, vim
gan mn
- Chng li HIV
1
Tc dng ph:
-Kh chu ng tiu ha
-Liu >1g/ngy: c ch to hng cu thiu mu
Chng ch nh:
-Bnh x ho din rng.
-Bnh suy thn nng.
-Bnh thiu mu c tnh.
-Ph n mang thai v ang cho con b.
Dng bo ch: Vin nang 100mg, l 300ml si r (100mg/ml), kem
bi (30mg/g).
CC INTERFERON
Ngun gc:
- Sinh tng hp t bo
- K thut ghp gen

Cu to:
Interferon cha cc protein nh c trng lng t 20000 n
160000 dalton. Chng l cc glycoprotein c tc dng khng
virus theo loi. Interferon ngi c 3 typ: , , v .
Cc Interferon o gm c Interferon o-2a, Interferon o-2b v
Interferon o-2c.
- Interferon o-2a c Lysin v tr 23 v Histidin v tr 34.
- Interferon o-2b c arginin v tr 23 v Histidin v tr 34.
- Interferon o-2c c arginin c 2 v tr trn.

Cc Interferon | gm c Interferon |-1a v Interferon |-1b.
- Interferon |-1a c Methionin v tr 1, Cystein v tr 17 v
c glycosyl v tr 80.
- Interferon |-1b c Serin v tr 17 v khng c glycosyl ha.
Cc Interferon gm c Interferon -1a v Interferon -1b.
- Interferon -1a v tr 1 c cc gc hydrogen, Cystein, Tyrosin
v v tr 139 c cc gc Arginin, Alanin, Serin, Glutamin v
nhm hydroxyl.
- Interferon -1b v tr 1 c cc gc hydrogen v Methionin, v
tr 139 c nhm Hydroxyl.
Dc ng hc:
- Tim bp, tim di da, SKD > 80%
- Interferon | v hp th t hn, Interferon o khng qua c
hng ro mu no.
- Hu ht cc Interferon c thi tr qua nc tiu.

Tc dng:
- Bo v t bo chng li cc acid nucleic l
- ARN virus: c ch s tng hp ARN ca virus
- ADN virus: c ch s tng hp ADN polymerase virus
khng th ti sn xut ADN
- Ngn cn s lan ta ca virus
Liu dng: d phng cm: 10
6
n v/ln/ngy x 7 ngy
Chng ch nh:
- Mn cm vi interferon
- Bnh tim nng: nhi mu c tim, THA, lon nhp tim, au tht
ngc khng n nh
- Bnh gan thn nng
- Tin s ng kinh, tn thng TK, suy ty nng
Tc dng ph: hi chng nh cm gm st, gai lnh, au u,
au c, bun nn, nn, tiu chy, c ch xng, nhm ln v thay
i hnh vi.
OSELTAMIVIR PHOSPHATE
C
16
H
28
N
2
O
4
.H
3
PO
4
Ptl: 410,4
Tn khc: Tamiflu
Tn khoa hc: (3R,4R,5S)-4-Acetylamino-5-amino-3-(1-
ethylpropoxy)-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid, ethyl ester,
phosphate (1:1)
Tnh cht:
- Bt mu trng hoc gn trng
- Tan trong nc, methanol
nh tnh:
- SKLM
- o gc quay cc: [a]
D
25C
= -30,7 -32,6
- o IR
- Phn ng ca nhm phosphate
nh lng:
- HPLC
- PP mi trng khan vi acid perchloric 0,1M, dung mi acid acetic
khan, o th
C ch: c ch mnh v chn lc neuraminidase virus
khng lan c trong c th
Ch nh:
iu tr: ngi ln v tr em c triu chng in hnh ca
cm trong thi k c dch. Ung sm, 2 ngy sau khi c triu
chng
D phng: d phng sau phi nhim cho ngi ln, thanh
thiu nin > 13 tui. Dng sm, chm nht trong 2 ngy sau
khi tip xc vi ngi b cm
Dc ng hc:
- Hp thu nhanh ng ung, thc n khng nh hng
- Chuyn ha thnh cht c hot tnh nh esterase gan, rut
- V phn b 23l
- o thi qua thn di dng carboxylat oseltamivir

ZANAMIVIR
C
12
H
20
N
4
O
7
Ptl: 332,3
Tn khoa hc: (2R,3R,4S)-4-guanidino-3-(prop-1-en-2-
ylamino)-2-((1R,2R)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)-3,4-dihydro-
2H-pyran-6-carboxylic acid
iu ch:
Dc ng hc:
- SKD ng ung thp
- Lin kt protein huyt tng 10%
- Khng c chuyn ha
- Phn thuc c hp thu c thi tr khng bin
i qua thn, t
1/2
2,6-5h
- Phn thuc khng c hp thu c thi tr qua
phn
C ch: c ch neuraminidase virus khng lan ra c trong c
th
Ch nh: iu tr v phng nga nhim virus cm A v B nhm c
nguy c cao
Chng ch nh: Ph n cho con b
Tc dng ph: ri lon tiu ha, co tht ph qun, ph n mch,
pht ban
Liu dng: 10mg/ln x 2 ln/ngy x 5 ngy
Dng bo ch: bt kh ht: Zanamivir 5 mg/blister (nang nh)
Thuc chng Herpes virus
Thuc chng Herpes virus
i cng v virus Herpes
Thuc iu tr
i cng
Herpes virus gm mt s chng nh:
- Herpes simples virus(HSV): HSV1+HSV2
- Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV)
- Eptein Barr Virus (EBV)
- Cytomegalo Virus (CMV)

Virus Herpes thng gy ra cc bnh nhim khun da, nim
mc, bnh Zona, vim no v c chng cn l nguyn nhn gy
ra ung th..

Cu to
Herpes l nhm virus cha ADN
Cu to gm 2 phn: V capsid v nhn l ADN

Thuc iu tr
Cc dn cht Guanin: Acyclovir, Penciclovir,
ganciclovir
Cc dn cht kiu Nucleosid: Idoxuridin,
Trifluridin, Vidarabin, Ribavirin
Cc cht khc
ACYCLOVIR
C
8
H
11
N
5
O
3
Ptl: 225,2
BD: Aclovir, Virpal, Viroxat, Zovirax, Wellcome 248V
Tn khoa hc: 9[(2 - hydroxy ethoxy) methyl] - 9H -
Guanin
HN
N
N
N
H
2
N
O
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
CH
2
OCH
2
CH
2
OH
Tnh cht:
- Bt kt tinh trng, nng chy 230
0
C
- Kh tan trong nc, khng tan trong dung mi hu c, tan trong dd
kim long hoc acid v c
nh tnh:
- Ph IR
- Sc k lp mng: Amoni sulfat 5% : Amoniac : propan-1-ol (60: 30:
10) vi Silicagel F
254
nh lng:
- PP mi trng khan: ha ch phm vo acid acetic khan, nh lng
bng acid percloric 0,1M
- PP o ph t ngoi:
max
= 255nm trong mi trng acid

C ch:
- Phosphoryl ha thnh Acyclovir triphosphat
- c ch ADN polymerase: c thu nhn vo ADN ca virus, tc
ng nh l nhnh cui cng. Cu to khng c nhm 3-OH
nn c ch ADN polymerase.
O
H
2
N
HN
N
N
N
HOCH
2
O
Viral
Thymidin
Kinase
O
OCH
2
HN
N
N
N
H
2
N
O
P
GMP kinase
tbo
O
OCH
2
HN
N
N
N
H
2
N
O
P P
Trong tbo
Phosphryl ho
Acyclovir MP
Acyclovir DP
P P
O
H
2
N
HN
N
N
N
OCH
2
O
P
Phosphatase
tbo
c chDNA
polymerase
siu vi khun
Acyclovir TP
Ngoi tbo
Tc dng:
- Chng li cc Herpes virus, c bit l HSV1
- iu tr nhim vi khun Herpes Simplex da v nim mc, bao gm
Herpes sinh dc khi pht v ti pht.
- D phng Virus Herpes cc bnh do Varicella Zoster tr em,
bnh vim no do Herpes...
Dng bo ch v liu dng:
Vin: 200mg x 5 ln/24h
Tim: TM chm 5-10mg/kg/24h
Cream, m tra mt: 5ln/ngy, dng t 5-10ngy iu tr Herpes
virus da, c quan sinh dc.

Tc dng ph: Ung gy ri lon tiu ha. Suy gim chc
nng thn; gan, thn kinh, ty xng.
Thn trng: Ph n mang thai v thi k cho con b.
Bo qun: ng trong bao b kn.

GANCICLOVIR
C
9
H
13
N
5
O
4
Ptl: 255,23
BD: Cytevan (Syntex)
Tn khoa hc: 9-[(1-3-dihydroxy-2-propoxy) methyl]
guanin
HN
N
N
N
O
H
2
N
HOCH
2
CH
2
OH
H
O
Tnh cht:
- Tinh th kt tinh t methanol, nhit nng chy 250
0
C
- Tinh th monohydrat kt tinh trong nc, nhit nng chy
248-249
0
C
- Tan trong nc 25
0
C l 4,3mg/ml, pH=7
nh tnh:
- o IR
- o UV
nh lng: SKL
C ch:
- Km hm qu trnh tng hp ADN ca virus
Ch nh: nhim Cytomegalo virus
- Trong trng hp suy gim min dch
- Trong cc bnh: vim vng mc, vim i trng, tn thng
ng tiu ha, vim phi, vim no
Chng ch nh:
- Mn cm vi thuc hoc Acyclovir.
- Gim bch cu a nhn trung tnh t 500/mm
3
mu tr xung.
- Ph n c thai, cho con b.
Dc ng hc:
- SKD ng ung: 6-9%, thc n lm tng SKD
- Lin kt vi protein: 1-2%.
- t
1/2
: 2-6h
- Thi tr ch yu qua thn, phn ln thi tr dng khng
i trong nc tiu (94 - 99%)
Tc dng ph: st, thiu mu, gim bch cu, tiu cu, tng
men gan
Dng bo ch: vin nang 250mg, L bt pha tim 500mg
PENCICLOVIR v FAMCICLOVIR
C
10
H
15
N
5
O
3
Ptl: 253,26
Tn khoa hc: 9-[(4-hydroxy-3-hydroxymethyl) butyl-1] guanin
Famciclovir l diester acetyl ca Penciclovir, vic gn 2 gc
acetyl lm cho thuc c tc dng tt hn
CH
2
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
O
H
2
N
HN
N
N
N
CH
2
OH CH
2
CH
CH
2
OH
1 2 3
4
C
14
H
19
N
5
O
4
Ptl: 321,3
Tn khoa hc: 2-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-4-(2-amino-
9H-purin-9-yl)butyl acetate
C ch:
- Phosphoryl ha thnh penciclovir triphosphat nh thymidine
kinase ca virus
- c ch s nhn ln ca virus
Dc ng hc: (penciclovir)
- Hp thu ng ung km
- Lin kt protein huyt tng: 20%
- t
1/2
: 2h
- Thi tr ch yu qua thn dng khng bin i
Dc ng hc: (Famciclovir)
- Hp thu nhanh ng ung, thc n lm chm
hp thu thuc nhng khng gim hp thu thuc
- B chuyn ha thnh penciclovir trong c th
- Thi tr qua thn
Tc dng: tc dng chng virus herpes simplex mnh hn v
ko di hn Acyclovir
Liu dng: Bi ti ch Penciclovir (1%) 2h/ln x 4 ngy, ung
500mg 3 ln/ngy x 7 ngy
Chng ch nh: mn cm vi thuc, ph n c thai v cho
con b, tr em di 16 tui
Tc dng ph: nhc u, bun nn nh



IDOXURIDIN
C
9
H
11
IN
2
O
5
Ptl: 354,1
Tn khc: IDU, Dendrid, Herplex, Idoxan, Ophathasmadin
Tn khoa hc: 5-iodo-1(2-deoxy-|-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-1H-
3H-pyrimidin-2,4-dion.

O
O
H
O
H
2
C
N
NH
I
O
H O
1
2
3
4
5
6
Tnh cht:
- Bt kt tinh trng
- Kh tan trong nc, alcol, khng tan trong ether, tan trong dd kim
long
- Nhit nng chy 180
0
C, sau phn hy
- [o]
D
= +28 +32
0

nh tnh:
- Ph IR
- Sc k lp mng
- un nng trc tip trong l thy tinh trn ngn la s c hi mu tm
bay ln
- un cch thy vi nc v dd diphenylamin mu xanh nht
nh lng: PP Mi trng khan
Ha tan ch phm vo Dimethylformamid, nh lng bng dung
dch Tetrabutylammoni hydroxyd, o th
Tc dng: Nh mt iu tr Keratitis do HSV gy ra
C ch: cha r nhng mt trong nhng cch tc dng: c ch
sinh tng hp ADN virus
TRIFLURIDIN
C
10
H
11
F
3
N
2
O
5
Ptl: 296,2
Tn khc: Bephen; Triherpine; Virophta; Viroptic
Tn khoa hc: 5 - trifluoro methyl - 2 - deoxyuridin
O
O
H
O
H
2
C
N
NH
C
O
H O
1
2
3
4
5
6
F
F
F
Tnh cht:
- Bt trng hoc gn trng
- Nhit nng chy 190-193
- Tan trong nc
nh tnh:
- o IR
- o UV
- SKL
nh lng: SKL
C ch: c ch mt s enzym tham gia sinh tng hp ADN virus
Ch nh: tn thng do virus Herpes gy ra on trc nhn
cu v kt mc b mt, vim gic mc. C th phi hp vi
cortison
Chng ch nh: mn cm vi thuc
Dng bo ch: L 50mg hot cht ng kh
Liu dng: ang cn tin trin c 2 gi nh mt 4 ln (ti a 9
ln/ngy) cho ti khi ti biu m ho gic mc. Sau nh 5
ln/ngy, trong 5 ngy. Thng t iu tr khng qu 3 tun).
VIDARABIN
C
10
H
15
N
5
O
5
Ptl: 285,3
Tn khc: arasera-A
Tn khoa hc: 9-|-D-Ribofuranosyladenin.
NH
2
O H
O H H
2
C O
H O
N
N
N
N
Tnh cht:
- Bt trng hoc gn trng
- Tan t trong nc, dimethylformamide
nh tnh:
- o IR
- o gc quay cc: 56
0
65
0
(C=1% trong
dimethylformamide)

nh lng: SKL
Tc dng:
- Chng li virus herpes simplex typ1 v 2, virus thy u, zona
- iu tr bnh do nhim HSV no, bnh u ma. Bi da c
hot tnh cao hn Idoxuridin
Chng ch nh: Mn cm, ph n c thai, cho con b
Dng bo ch: Gel bi 10% ng ng 15g (mui phosphat),
dch treo Vira-A tim truyn, ng l 5ml cha 1g vidarabin
monohydrat, thuc m mt 3% dng monohydrat km virus
Herpes simplex mt.

RIBAVIRIN
C
8
H
12
N
4
O
5
Ptl:224,21
BD: Tribavirin, Virazole
Tn khoa hc: 1(|-D-ribofuranosyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-
carboxamid

O CH
2
O
HO
N
N
N
H
2
NC
OH
H O
iu ch:

OH H O
H
2
NC N
N
N
O H
O
CH
2
O
OAc Ac O
H
3
COC N
N
N
O Ac
O
CH
2
O
Br
H
+
O CH
2
O
N
N
N
Ac O Ac O
H
3
COC
Ac O
+ N
2
H
4
Loi Acetyl
Tnh cht:
- Bt kt tinh khng mu
- Tan trong nc
- [o]
D
= -35 -38
0
(dung dch 10% mi pha)
nh tnh: Sc k lp mng vi Silicagel GF
254
, acetonitril :
amoni clorid 0,1N (9 : 2), thuc th phun p-anizaldehyd:acid
sulfuric:methanol (5 : 10 : 85)
nh lng: o ph UV (206nm), hoc HPLC
Tc dng:
- c ch s sao chp ca virus
- iu tr nhim khun ph qun, phi cho tr em (dng phun
m), vim gan typ A, zona, bnh do herpes simplex.
Chng ch nh:
- Bnh x ho din rng.
- Bnh suy thn nng.
- Bnh thiu mu c tnh.
- Ph n c thai hoc ang cho con b.


Tc dng ph: liu cao v ko di c th gy thiu mu, s
phc hi khi ngng thuc.
Liu dng: ngi ln: tng 6 - 8 gi ung 1 - 2 nang (400mg).
Tr em mi ngy ung 10mg/kg, chia lm 3 -4 ln.

CIDOFOVIR
C
8
H
14
N
3
O
6
P Ptl: 279,2
Tn khoa hc: ({[(S)-1-(4-amino-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-1-
yl)-3-hydroxypropan-2-yl]oxy}methyl) phosphonic acid
iu ch:
C ch:
- Phosphoryl ha thnh cidofovir diphosphat
- c ch ADN polymerase ca virus cn tr
tng hp ADN v nhn ln ca virus
- Chuyn ha ca cidofovir khng ph thuc vo
nhim virus (c phosphoryl ha nh kinase ca
t bo) khng ph thuc vo enzym ca virus
nn thuc c th cn c tc dng i vi virus
khng aciclovir v foscarnet.
Dc ng hc:
- SKD dao ng 2-26%
- Lin kt protein huyt tng: khong 10%
- t
1/2
: 2,2h.
- Thi tr qua thn bi lc cu thn v bi tit
qua ng thn di dng khng bin i (90%)
Ch nh:
- iu tr vim vng mc do cytomegalovirus bnh
nhn mc hi chng suy gim min dch mc phi
(AIDS) v khng b suy thn
- Thuc c tc dng vi cc HSV khng acyclovir v
CMV khng ganciclovir
Tc dng ph: c vi thn, bun nn, nn, st, pht
ban,
Thn trng: bnh nhn suy gim chc nng thn
Chng ch nh: mn cm vi thuc
Liu dng: Ngi ln: liu ban u l 5 mg/kg mi
ln, truyn vo tnh mch vi tc khng thay i
trong thi gian 1 gi. Mi tun truyn mt ln,
truyn trong 2 tun lin tip. Liu duy tr: 2 tun sau
khi hon thnh iu tr (cm ng); mi ln 5 mg/kg;
truyn tnh mch trong 1 gi vi tc khng thay
i; 2 tun mt ln.
Dng bo ch: Thuc nc dng pha vi dung
dch truyn tnh mch 75 mg/ml; l 5 ml dng mt
ln
Thuc chng virus vim gan B
Thuc chng virus vim gan B
i cng v vim gan B
Virus vim gan B
Thuc chng virus vim gan B
i cng v vim gan B
Vim gan B c th gp mi la tui v c t l
cao.
HBV ly truyn ch yu qua 3 con ng chnh:
- ng mu
- ng tnh dc
- t m sang con.
Nhim HBV cp tnh


Vim gan Nhim siu vi khun Nhim
HBV
cp tnh thong qua khng mn tnh
biu hin lm sng.


Hi phc Vim gan Vim gan siu vi Ngi lnh mang
ti cp khun B mn tnh siu vi khun mn tnh

T vong Hi phc


Ung th gan X gan Bnh gan mt b Hi phc


T vong Hi phc
Bnh vim gan siu vi khun B l mt bnh rt
nguy him, nu khng iu tr kp thi th c
th dn ti bin chng vi t l t vong rt cao.
Vit Nam l mt trong nhng nc c t l
ngi mc bnh vim gan B cao nht th gii
(c tnh trn th gii c khong 300 triu
ngi nhim HBV).

Virus vim gan B
Cu trc ht Dane:
- Hnh cu 2R = 42nm
- V bao ngoi: protein
- Capsid i xng khi to li kch thc 28 nm
- Vt liu di truyn ADN.
TIN LNG VIM GAN B
Phng v iu tr bnh
Phng bnh
- Trnh cc ngun ly
- Vaccin mang khng nguyn HBsAg
- D phng Globulin min dch khng HBV
iu tr
- iu tr triu chng
- Ngh ngi, ch dinh dng hp l
- Thuc khng virus
Thuc chng virus gy vim gan B
Adefovir dipivoxil
Lamivudin
Interferon
Entecavir
LAMIVUDIN
- Tc dng nh nhau nam v n
- Ung 1 ln/ngy
- Dng c cho bnh nhn va nhim HIV va
nhim HBV

Ch nh:
- Bnh nhn nhim siu vi khun gan B mn tnh c bng
chng sao chp siu vi khun v c biu hin bnh l gan.
- Bnh nhn vim gan siu vi khun B mn tnh c suy gim
min dch v nhng bnh nhn c biu hin hoi gan.
Chng ch nh: mn cm vi thuc
Liu dng: ngi ln 150mg/ngy

- INTERFERON
- Hiu qu hn vi n gii
- Tim t nht 3 ln/tun
- Khng dng c cho bnh nhn nhim ng thi
HIV
- Chng ch nh: X gan hoc bnh gan mt b, c
bnh tim nng, suy thn hoc x gan nng, bnh
ng kinh
ADEFOVIR DIPIVOXIL
C
20
H
32
N
5
O
8
P Ptl: 501,5
Tn khoa hc: 9-[2-bis[(pivaloyloxy)]phosphonyl]-methoxy]
ethyl]adenine.
Tnh cht:
- Bt kt tinh trng hoc gn trng
- Tan trong ethanol v chloroform
nh tnh: o IR
nh lng: PP mi trng khan vi acid perchloric 0,1M,
dung mi acid acetic bng, o th
C ch:
- Thy phn bi cc esterase ngoi bo thnh adefovir
- Phosphoryl ha bi adenylate kinase thnh adefovir diphosphat
- c ch ADN polymerase ca HBV c ch tng hp ADN virus
Dc ng hc:
- Sau khi ung, nhanh chng chuyn thnh adefovir, SKD 59%, thc n
lm chm hp thu thuc nhng khng lm gim hp thu thuc
- Phn b rng ri n cc m, c bit l gan, thn, rut
- Lin kt protein huyt tng: <4%
- Thi tr qua thn
- t
1/2
: 7h
Ch nh: Vim gan B mn tnh vi bng chng virus nhn ln,
men transaminase tng v m hc vim gan hot ng, sinh x
hoc x gan.
Chng ch nh: thi k cho con b
Tc dng ph: Bun nn, kh tiu, au bng, y bng, a
chy, mt mi, nhc u, suy thn.
Liu dng: 10mg/ngy
Dng bo ch: vin nn 10mg
ENTECAVIR
C
12
H
15
N
5
O
3
Ptl: 277,3
Tn khoa hc: 2-Amino-9-[(1S,3R,4S)-4-hydroxy-3-
(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylidenecyclopentyl]-6,9-
dihydro-3H-purin-6-one
Tnh cht:
- Bt trng hoc gn trng
- Tan trong dimethylformamide v methanol
C ch:
- Phosphoryl ha thnh dng triphosphat
- Cnh tranh vi deoxyguanosine triphosphat
c ch qu trnh tng hp ADN ca virus
Dc ng hc:
- Hp thu nhanh ng ung, thc n lm gim
v chm hp thu thuc
- Lin kt vi protein (in vitro): 13%
- Chuyn ha nh CYP450
- Thi tr qua thn
- t
1/2
: 128-129h
Ch nh: iu tr vim gan B mn tnh bnh nhn c bng
chng virus nhn ln
Tc dng ph: au u, bun nn, mt mi, tng men gan
Liu dng: 0,5mg/ngy, iu chnh liu vi bnh nhn suy gim
chc nng thn
Dng bo ch: vin bao 0,5mg